Advances in Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics II, 2021
Postural changes, related to increased heel height and its chronic effects, were investigated for... more Postural changes, related to increased heel height and its chronic effects, were investigated for many years. However, its relation to low back pain and lumbar vertebra damages may is still controversial. This study aims to determine lumbar kinematic adjustments as high height increase and the contribution of its surrounding muscles to ensure balance and stable motion. In this study, a standard motion capture protocol is used to collect 3D motion data for healthy young females waking with a stiletto shoes with 8.5 cm of heigh. Then a generic full body lumbar model (Rabee 2016) was adjusted to our female subject's anthropometric parameters (weight and height). Joint kinematics, muscle activations, and muscle forces were calculated for each gait cycle using Opensim software package. Preliminary results showed that wearing high-heeled shoes decrease lumbar joint flexion and the increase of axial rotation and lateral bending and induce a higher amount of spine muscle activities to propel legs during locomotion and to maintain spine balance. Consequently, muscular equilibrium changes around intervertebral joints engender higher compressive forces, which may cause discomfort, joint damages, and consequently low back pain. As conclusion, musculoskeletal modeling is a challenging tool to investigate biomechanical effects of altered gaits and predict joint damages in relation to footwear.
Objectives.-The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the injury location, injury d... more Objectives.-The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the injury location, injury diagnosis, injury risk factors and injury prevention among practitioners of different combat sports. News.-This review was conducted using databases of MEDLINE (via Pubmed), Science Direct, Scopus and Google Scholar. The studies concerned were classified according to the nature of the combat sports and the type of the injury by three authors using the titles, abstracts and full texts if available. Data from different observational studies suggest that there is a significant injury problem in combat sport in general because the main goal of the practitioners is to strike and/or to project opponent with maximal power and speed in order to win. This exposes them to permanent risk of injuries, which limit usually training effects, provoke disability conditions with competitiveness loss and often ruin their careers. However, it varies considerably across different styles. Researchers used retrospective and prospective method to explore specificity of injury but little is known about the actual severity of injuries in combat sports. Prospects and projects.-Future studies are highly encouraged to adopt stronger methodologies. The long-term consequences of injuries, a detailed balance sheet by nature of injury and specific preventive strategies are needed to support the findings presented in this review. Conclusion.-In this review, a preliminary injury profiles in combat sports was established containing location and types of injuries. Compared to other sports, combat sports are no more dangerous especially for beginner practitioners.
Objectives: The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the injury location, injury d... more Objectives: The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the injury location, injury diagnosis, injury risk factors and injury prevention among practitioners of different combat sports. News: This review was conducted using databases of MEDLINE (via Pubmed), Science Direct, Scopus and Google Scholar. The studies concerned were classified according to the nature of the combat sports and the type of the injury by three authors using the titles, abstracts and full texts if available. Data from different observational studies suggest that there is a significant injury problem in combat sport in general because the main goal of the practitioners is to strike and/or to project opponent with maximal power and speed in order to win. This exposes them to permanent risk of injuries, which limit usually training effects, provoke disability conditions with competitiveness loss and often ruin their careers. However, it varies considerably across different styles. Researchers used retrospective and prospective method to explore specificity of injury but little is known about the actual severity of injuries in combat sports. Prospects and projects: Future studies are highly encouraged to adopt stronger methodologies. The long-term consequences of injuries, a detailed balance sheet by nature of injury and specific preventive strategies are needed to support the findings presented in this review. Conclusion: In this review, a preliminary injury profiles in combat sports was established containing location and types of injuries. Compared to other sports, combat sports are no more dangerous especially for beginner practitioners.
et articulaire La paralysie cérébrale (PC) est un trouble du mouvement et de la posture due à une... more et articulaire La paralysie cérébrale (PC) est un trouble du mouvement et de la posture due à une lésion cérébrale précoce. La comparaison clinique des données AQM, représentatives de la désorganisation motrice, avec une population saine pourrait baisser les interprétations des conséquences primaires des troubles neurologiques de celles secondaires et compensatoires résultant des anomalies musculaires et la croissance osseuse. Dans une perspective d'améliorer des traitements appropriés dans la prise en charge des PC, cette étude propose d'évaluer les conséquences directes d'une imitation des postures pathologiques sur la cinétique et les signaux EMG afin de donner un éclaircissement sur les différences entre les conséquences primaires spécifiques au PC et celles causés par des contraintes biomécaniques articulaires. Dix adultes sains ont imité deux marches pathologiques spécifiques aux PC, la marche en « jump » et la marche en « crouch ». Une AQM, avec le protocole d'Hélène Hayes, a été réalisée avec 13 caméras Vicon et deux plate-formes de forces. Les activités musculaires ont été recueillies avec le système électromyographique Noraxon. Les données spatiotemporelles, la cinématique, la cinétique et l'activation musculaire ont été recueillies pour la marche normale et les marches imitées. Comparés à la marche normale, les résultats des marches simulées ont montré la présence de perturbations significatives au niveau des paramètres spatiotemporels, de la cinétique et des activations musculaires, similaires à ceux observés chez les patients PC. Les résultats ont montré que la vitesse, la longueur du pas, la cadence et l'amplitude du mouvement ont diminué significativement. Des anomalies ont été détectées au niveau de l'activité musculaire et des moments articulaires. Comparés aux activités EMG normales, des activations musculaires prématurées et/ou des activations musculaires prolongées ont été détectées selon les spécificités de la marche simulée. Ces observations permettent de valider le fait que certaines réponses musculaires anormales détectées lors de la marche de patients PC relèvent bien souvent de contraintes biomécaniques plus que du fonctionnement anormal du muscle résultant de la lésion cérébrale. Cette étude préliminaire est un point de réflexion pour mieux appréhender les évaluations cliniques et les choix thérapeutiques. Remerciement Ce projet est financé par la région Picardie.
Computational modeling of musculoskeletal systems plays an important role to understand human mot... more Computational modeling of musculoskeletal systems plays an important role to understand human motions, diagnosis pathologies and evaluate potential treatments. Two main musculoskeletal models are developed: the scaled-generic models, based on cadaveric studies, and the specific-subject models, based on imaging techniques. However, these models have common hypothesis regarding joints and muscles which may influence the predicted results. Therefore, the accuracy of these parameters is critical, especially when analyzing the walking patterns of persons with impaired mobility. The aim of this study was to determine the sensitivity of predicted kinematics, kinetics and muscle forces to the variation of some model parameter values, using a rescaled generic musculoskeletal model of healthy adults and children and cerebral palsy (CP) children. As results, even if predicted outputs gave acceptable results with healthy adults, the standard rescaled musculoskeletal modeling showed limits for healthy and CP children. The refinement of subject-specific joint parameters and driving the model with the experimental GRF data improved quantitatively the predicted muscle activations and forces. Our findings suggest that parameters of a rescaled generic musculoskeletal model can be refined and personalized to boost the accuracy of musculoskeletal model's outcomes.
Annals of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, 2011
et articulaire La paralysie cérébrale (PC) est un trouble du mouvement et de la posture due à une... more et articulaire La paralysie cérébrale (PC) est un trouble du mouvement et de la posture due à une lésion cérébrale précoce. La comparaison clinique des données AQM, représentatives de la désorganisation motrice, avec une population saine pourrait baisser les interprétations des conséquences primaires des troubles neurologiques de celles secondaires et compensatoires résultant des anomalies musculaires et la croissance osseuse. Dans une perspective d'améliorer des traitements appropriés dans la prise en charge des PC, cette étude propose d'évaluer les conséquences directes d'une imitation des postures pathologiques sur la cinétique et les signaux EMG afin de donner un éclaircissement sur les différences entre les conséquences primaires spécifiques au PC et celles causés par des contraintes biomécaniques articulaires. Dix adultes sains ont imité deux marches pathologiques spécifiques aux PC, la marche en « jump » et la marche en « crouch ». Une AQM, avec le protocole d'Hélène Hayes, a été réalisée avec 13 caméras Vicon et deux plate-formes de forces. Les activités musculaires ont été recueillies avec le système électromyographique Noraxon. Les données spatiotemporelles, la cinématique, la cinétique et l'activation musculaire ont été recueillies pour la marche normale et les marches imitées. Comparés à la marche normale, les résultats des marches simulées ont montré la présence de perturbations significatives au niveau des paramètres spatiotemporels, de la cinétique et des activations musculaires, similaires à ceux observés chez les patients PC. Les résultats ont montré que la vitesse, la longueur du pas, la cadence et l'amplitude du mouvement ont diminué significativement. Des anomalies ont été détectées au niveau de l'activité musculaire et des moments articulaires. Comparés aux activités EMG normales, des activations musculaires prématurées et/ou des activations musculaires prolongées ont été détectées selon les spécificités de la marche simulée. Ces observations permettent de valider le fait que certaines réponses musculaires anormales détectées lors de la marche de patients PC relèvent bien souvent de contraintes biomécaniques plus que du fonctionnement anormal du muscle résultant de la lésion cérébrale. Cette étude préliminaire est un point de réflexion pour mieux appréhender les évaluations cliniques et les choix thérapeutiques. Remerciement Ce projet est financé par la région Picardie.
Annals of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, 2011
Abstracts / Annals of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine 54S (2011) e131-e147 n = 09 cases (40.... more Abstracts / Annals of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine 54S (2011) e131-e147 n = 09 cases (40.9%), vascular hemiplegia, n = 08 cases (36.3%), spinal cord injury, n = 02 cases (9%); head injury, n = 01 case (5%); multiple sclerosis, n = 01 cases (5%) and sequelae of meningitis, n = 01 case (5%). The affected lower limb spasticity, n = 17 cases (77.2%); upper limb, n = 09 cases (49.9%). Stretching casts were placed 10 to 15 days after injection in 07 patients (31.8%). Discussion/conclusion.-Intramuscular injections of botulinum toxin showed a gain of the modified Ashworth score of about 02 points on average after 02 to 04 weeks, a gain of joint mobility, improved terms orthopedic and functional. After 03 months the results were classified into three levels; good: n = 09 patients (40.9%), medium: n = 07 patients (31.8%) and poor: n = 06 (27.2%). Objective.-The quantification of the degradation of gait quality and of the autonomy is a major part of the medical care for patients with a spastic diplegia due to cerebral palsy (CP). In children with CP, many studies have characterized gait pattern. From these works, many indexes have been proposed. Currently, the Gillette Gait Index (GGI) is the score preferred by clinicians to follow gait modifications and the effects of therapeutics. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of botulinum toxin (BoNTA) injections on the spatiotemporal parameters of gait and on GGI of adult CP patients. Method.-Sixteen patients (28 ± 7 years) participated in this study. A quantitative gait analysis at the preferred speed (Helen Hayes protocol, 100 Hz Motion Analysis ® ) was performed before and 1 month after multi area injection of BoNTA. Data analysis was performed on the spatiotemporal parameters of the gait cycle, on the asymmetry of the gait cycle phase (Robinson index) and the GGI was calculated. A student t-test was performed (P < 0.05).
Advances in Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics II, 2021
Postural changes, related to increased heel height and its chronic effects, were investigated for... more Postural changes, related to increased heel height and its chronic effects, were investigated for many years. However, its relation to low back pain and lumbar vertebra damages may is still controversial. This study aims to determine lumbar kinematic adjustments as high height increase and the contribution of its surrounding muscles to ensure balance and stable motion. In this study, a standard motion capture protocol is used to collect 3D motion data for healthy young females waking with a stiletto shoes with 8.5 cm of heigh. Then a generic full body lumbar model (Rabee 2016) was adjusted to our female subject's anthropometric parameters (weight and height). Joint kinematics, muscle activations, and muscle forces were calculated for each gait cycle using Opensim software package. Preliminary results showed that wearing high-heeled shoes decrease lumbar joint flexion and the increase of axial rotation and lateral bending and induce a higher amount of spine muscle activities to propel legs during locomotion and to maintain spine balance. Consequently, muscular equilibrium changes around intervertebral joints engender higher compressive forces, which may cause discomfort, joint damages, and consequently low back pain. As conclusion, musculoskeletal modeling is a challenging tool to investigate biomechanical effects of altered gaits and predict joint damages in relation to footwear.
Objectives.-The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the injury location, injury d... more Objectives.-The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the injury location, injury diagnosis, injury risk factors and injury prevention among practitioners of different combat sports. News.-This review was conducted using databases of MEDLINE (via Pubmed), Science Direct, Scopus and Google Scholar. The studies concerned were classified according to the nature of the combat sports and the type of the injury by three authors using the titles, abstracts and full texts if available. Data from different observational studies suggest that there is a significant injury problem in combat sport in general because the main goal of the practitioners is to strike and/or to project opponent with maximal power and speed in order to win. This exposes them to permanent risk of injuries, which limit usually training effects, provoke disability conditions with competitiveness loss and often ruin their careers. However, it varies considerably across different styles. Researchers used retrospective and prospective method to explore specificity of injury but little is known about the actual severity of injuries in combat sports. Prospects and projects.-Future studies are highly encouraged to adopt stronger methodologies. The long-term consequences of injuries, a detailed balance sheet by nature of injury and specific preventive strategies are needed to support the findings presented in this review. Conclusion.-In this review, a preliminary injury profiles in combat sports was established containing location and types of injuries. Compared to other sports, combat sports are no more dangerous especially for beginner practitioners.
Objectives: The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the injury location, injury d... more Objectives: The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the injury location, injury diagnosis, injury risk factors and injury prevention among practitioners of different combat sports. News: This review was conducted using databases of MEDLINE (via Pubmed), Science Direct, Scopus and Google Scholar. The studies concerned were classified according to the nature of the combat sports and the type of the injury by three authors using the titles, abstracts and full texts if available. Data from different observational studies suggest that there is a significant injury problem in combat sport in general because the main goal of the practitioners is to strike and/or to project opponent with maximal power and speed in order to win. This exposes them to permanent risk of injuries, which limit usually training effects, provoke disability conditions with competitiveness loss and often ruin their careers. However, it varies considerably across different styles. Researchers used retrospective and prospective method to explore specificity of injury but little is known about the actual severity of injuries in combat sports. Prospects and projects: Future studies are highly encouraged to adopt stronger methodologies. The long-term consequences of injuries, a detailed balance sheet by nature of injury and specific preventive strategies are needed to support the findings presented in this review. Conclusion: In this review, a preliminary injury profiles in combat sports was established containing location and types of injuries. Compared to other sports, combat sports are no more dangerous especially for beginner practitioners.
et articulaire La paralysie cérébrale (PC) est un trouble du mouvement et de la posture due à une... more et articulaire La paralysie cérébrale (PC) est un trouble du mouvement et de la posture due à une lésion cérébrale précoce. La comparaison clinique des données AQM, représentatives de la désorganisation motrice, avec une population saine pourrait baisser les interprétations des conséquences primaires des troubles neurologiques de celles secondaires et compensatoires résultant des anomalies musculaires et la croissance osseuse. Dans une perspective d'améliorer des traitements appropriés dans la prise en charge des PC, cette étude propose d'évaluer les conséquences directes d'une imitation des postures pathologiques sur la cinétique et les signaux EMG afin de donner un éclaircissement sur les différences entre les conséquences primaires spécifiques au PC et celles causés par des contraintes biomécaniques articulaires. Dix adultes sains ont imité deux marches pathologiques spécifiques aux PC, la marche en « jump » et la marche en « crouch ». Une AQM, avec le protocole d'Hélène Hayes, a été réalisée avec 13 caméras Vicon et deux plate-formes de forces. Les activités musculaires ont été recueillies avec le système électromyographique Noraxon. Les données spatiotemporelles, la cinématique, la cinétique et l'activation musculaire ont été recueillies pour la marche normale et les marches imitées. Comparés à la marche normale, les résultats des marches simulées ont montré la présence de perturbations significatives au niveau des paramètres spatiotemporels, de la cinétique et des activations musculaires, similaires à ceux observés chez les patients PC. Les résultats ont montré que la vitesse, la longueur du pas, la cadence et l'amplitude du mouvement ont diminué significativement. Des anomalies ont été détectées au niveau de l'activité musculaire et des moments articulaires. Comparés aux activités EMG normales, des activations musculaires prématurées et/ou des activations musculaires prolongées ont été détectées selon les spécificités de la marche simulée. Ces observations permettent de valider le fait que certaines réponses musculaires anormales détectées lors de la marche de patients PC relèvent bien souvent de contraintes biomécaniques plus que du fonctionnement anormal du muscle résultant de la lésion cérébrale. Cette étude préliminaire est un point de réflexion pour mieux appréhender les évaluations cliniques et les choix thérapeutiques. Remerciement Ce projet est financé par la région Picardie.
Computational modeling of musculoskeletal systems plays an important role to understand human mot... more Computational modeling of musculoskeletal systems plays an important role to understand human motions, diagnosis pathologies and evaluate potential treatments. Two main musculoskeletal models are developed: the scaled-generic models, based on cadaveric studies, and the specific-subject models, based on imaging techniques. However, these models have common hypothesis regarding joints and muscles which may influence the predicted results. Therefore, the accuracy of these parameters is critical, especially when analyzing the walking patterns of persons with impaired mobility. The aim of this study was to determine the sensitivity of predicted kinematics, kinetics and muscle forces to the variation of some model parameter values, using a rescaled generic musculoskeletal model of healthy adults and children and cerebral palsy (CP) children. As results, even if predicted outputs gave acceptable results with healthy adults, the standard rescaled musculoskeletal modeling showed limits for healthy and CP children. The refinement of subject-specific joint parameters and driving the model with the experimental GRF data improved quantitatively the predicted muscle activations and forces. Our findings suggest that parameters of a rescaled generic musculoskeletal model can be refined and personalized to boost the accuracy of musculoskeletal model's outcomes.
Annals of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, 2011
et articulaire La paralysie cérébrale (PC) est un trouble du mouvement et de la posture due à une... more et articulaire La paralysie cérébrale (PC) est un trouble du mouvement et de la posture due à une lésion cérébrale précoce. La comparaison clinique des données AQM, représentatives de la désorganisation motrice, avec une population saine pourrait baisser les interprétations des conséquences primaires des troubles neurologiques de celles secondaires et compensatoires résultant des anomalies musculaires et la croissance osseuse. Dans une perspective d'améliorer des traitements appropriés dans la prise en charge des PC, cette étude propose d'évaluer les conséquences directes d'une imitation des postures pathologiques sur la cinétique et les signaux EMG afin de donner un éclaircissement sur les différences entre les conséquences primaires spécifiques au PC et celles causés par des contraintes biomécaniques articulaires. Dix adultes sains ont imité deux marches pathologiques spécifiques aux PC, la marche en « jump » et la marche en « crouch ». Une AQM, avec le protocole d'Hélène Hayes, a été réalisée avec 13 caméras Vicon et deux plate-formes de forces. Les activités musculaires ont été recueillies avec le système électromyographique Noraxon. Les données spatiotemporelles, la cinématique, la cinétique et l'activation musculaire ont été recueillies pour la marche normale et les marches imitées. Comparés à la marche normale, les résultats des marches simulées ont montré la présence de perturbations significatives au niveau des paramètres spatiotemporels, de la cinétique et des activations musculaires, similaires à ceux observés chez les patients PC. Les résultats ont montré que la vitesse, la longueur du pas, la cadence et l'amplitude du mouvement ont diminué significativement. Des anomalies ont été détectées au niveau de l'activité musculaire et des moments articulaires. Comparés aux activités EMG normales, des activations musculaires prématurées et/ou des activations musculaires prolongées ont été détectées selon les spécificités de la marche simulée. Ces observations permettent de valider le fait que certaines réponses musculaires anormales détectées lors de la marche de patients PC relèvent bien souvent de contraintes biomécaniques plus que du fonctionnement anormal du muscle résultant de la lésion cérébrale. Cette étude préliminaire est un point de réflexion pour mieux appréhender les évaluations cliniques et les choix thérapeutiques. Remerciement Ce projet est financé par la région Picardie.
Annals of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, 2011
Abstracts / Annals of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine 54S (2011) e131-e147 n = 09 cases (40.... more Abstracts / Annals of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine 54S (2011) e131-e147 n = 09 cases (40.9%), vascular hemiplegia, n = 08 cases (36.3%), spinal cord injury, n = 02 cases (9%); head injury, n = 01 case (5%); multiple sclerosis, n = 01 cases (5%) and sequelae of meningitis, n = 01 case (5%). The affected lower limb spasticity, n = 17 cases (77.2%); upper limb, n = 09 cases (49.9%). Stretching casts were placed 10 to 15 days after injection in 07 patients (31.8%). Discussion/conclusion.-Intramuscular injections of botulinum toxin showed a gain of the modified Ashworth score of about 02 points on average after 02 to 04 weeks, a gain of joint mobility, improved terms orthopedic and functional. After 03 months the results were classified into three levels; good: n = 09 patients (40.9%), medium: n = 07 patients (31.8%) and poor: n = 06 (27.2%). Objective.-The quantification of the degradation of gait quality and of the autonomy is a major part of the medical care for patients with a spastic diplegia due to cerebral palsy (CP). In children with CP, many studies have characterized gait pattern. From these works, many indexes have been proposed. Currently, the Gillette Gait Index (GGI) is the score preferred by clinicians to follow gait modifications and the effects of therapeutics. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of botulinum toxin (BoNTA) injections on the spatiotemporal parameters of gait and on GGI of adult CP patients. Method.-Sixteen patients (28 ± 7 years) participated in this study. A quantitative gait analysis at the preferred speed (Helen Hayes protocol, 100 Hz Motion Analysis ® ) was performed before and 1 month after multi area injection of BoNTA. Data analysis was performed on the spatiotemporal parameters of the gait cycle, on the asymmetry of the gait cycle phase (Robinson index) and the GGI was calculated. A student t-test was performed (P < 0.05).
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