Papers by Heather Haveman
In this paper, we examine two distinct perspectives that explain entrepreneurs' choice of product... more In this paper, we examine two distinct perspectives that explain entrepreneurs' choice of product and geographic location, which determine demand for the output of a start-up and the competition it faces. According to the differentiation perspective, fear of direct competition pushes firms far apart from similar competitors, while benefits of complementary differences pull firms close to dissimilar competitors. According to the agglomeration perspective, spillovers from adjacent competitors pull firms close to similar competitors. Our analysis of multi- dimensional founding location decisions in the Manhattan hotel industry provides evidence to support a combined perspective in which hoteliers locate new hotels sufficiently close to established hotels that are similar on one product dimension (price) to benefit from agglomeration economies, but different on another product dimension (size), to avoid localized competition and create complementary differences.
This paper examines the proposition that change is
detrimental to organizational performance and ... more This paper examines the proposition that change is
detrimental to organizational performance and survival
chances. I propose that organizational change may
benefit organizational performance and survival chances
if it occurs in response to dramatic restructuring of
environmental conditions and if it builds on established
routines and competences. These propositions are tested
on the savings and loan industry in California, which has
experienced technological, economic, and regulatory
shifts that have forced savings and loan associations to
change or die. Findings indicate that most changes
enhance financial performance, one is harmful to
performance, and three diminish failure rates. These
results support the model developed here and suggest
that the question of whether change is hazardous should
be replaced by the questions of under what conditions
change may be hazardous or helpful and whether the
direction of change affects its impact on performance
and survival.
Since 1970, women have made substantial inroads into management jobs. But most women are in lower... more Since 1970, women have made substantial inroads into management jobs. But most women are in lower-and middle-management jobs; few are in top-management jobs. Human capital theory uses three individual-level variables to explain this vertical gender gap: women acquire fewer of the necessary educational credentials than men, women prefer different kinds of jobs than men, and women accumulate less of the required work experience than men. The authors argue that cultural schemas, specifically gender roles and gender norms, explain most individual-level differences between men and women and that when cultural factors are ignored, any observed effects of these factors can be dismissed as spurious. This analysis is based on data on nationally representative samples and the results of published research.
An Interdisciplinary, Searchable, and Linkable Resource, 2015
Institute For Research on Labor and Employment, 2010
Sociologists have long been interested in how interactions among the diverse groups that constitu... more Sociologists have long been interested in how interactions among the diverse groups that constitute modern societies shape group mobilization efforts, including the use of group media. We advance research on this topic by analyzing the growth of magazines affiliated with religious groups in antebellum America, when the nation was becoming a modern society. We draw on the sociology of religion, organizations, and media to develop hypotheses linking the growth of denominational magazines to inter-denominational competition, intra-denominational fragmentation, denominations’ geographic dispersion, and denominational resource sharing across locations. We test these hypotheses using dynamic techniques on a unique dataset that includes all religious denominations and denominational magazines in the United States between 1790 and 1860. Because our analysis focuses on tools for mobilization – magazines – it avoids the definitional dependency between explanation and outcome that has plagued much research on religious groups. Our results show that denominations published magazines in response to both inter-denominational competition and geographic expansion. However, they used magazines in a manner more consistent with a theory of resource sharing than with ethnic-competition and religious-economies theories. And contrary to expectations, we find that intra-denominational fragmentation did not contribute to the growth of antebellum religious magazines. Our analysis not only links interactions between religious groups to broader group processes, it also offers fruitful ways to extend the analysis of other kinds of groups.
Proceedings of the 9th ACM Conference on Recommender Systems - RecSys '15, 2015
In this paper, we present work-in-progress of a recently started project that aims at studying th... more In this paper, we present work-in-progress of a recently started project that aims at studying the effect of time in recommender systems in the context of social tagging, consolidating several approaches presented rather scattered in past related work. The paper presents results of a study where we focused on understanding (i) "when" to use the temporal information into traditional collaborative filtering (CF) algorithms, and (ii) "how" to weight the similarity between users and items by exploring the effect of different time-decay functions. As the results of our extensive evaluation conducted over five social tagging systems (Delicious, BibSonomy, CiteULike, MovieLens, and Last.fm) suggest, the step (when) in which time is incorporated in the CF algorithm has substantial effect on accuracy, and the type of time-decay function (how) plays a role on accuracy and coverage mostly under pre-filtering on userbased CF, while item-based shows stronger stability over the experimental conditions.
Many controversies in the sociology of religion hinge on how different schools of thought view re... more Many controversies in the sociology of religion hinge on how different schools of thought view religious denominations. Are they akin to for-profit firms that compete for adherents, groups that forge community among geographically dispersed adherents, or coordinating bodies that distribute resources across subunits? These three perspectives not only reflect divergent assumptions about what religious organizations are, they also emphasize different causal mechanisms (competition, social integration, or coordination), and make arguments at different levels of analysis (local communities or national fields). These fundamental differences have made it hard to reach agreement about what religious organizations do to mobilize and retain members, how they distinguish themselves from or align themselves with other faiths, and how interactions within and between them drive their behavior. We assess the empirical implications of these three perspectives for a key resource religious organizati...
Administrative Science Quarterly, 2014
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Papers by Heather Haveman
detrimental to organizational performance and survival
chances. I propose that organizational change may
benefit organizational performance and survival chances
if it occurs in response to dramatic restructuring of
environmental conditions and if it builds on established
routines and competences. These propositions are tested
on the savings and loan industry in California, which has
experienced technological, economic, and regulatory
shifts that have forced savings and loan associations to
change or die. Findings indicate that most changes
enhance financial performance, one is harmful to
performance, and three diminish failure rates. These
results support the model developed here and suggest
that the question of whether change is hazardous should
be replaced by the questions of under what conditions
change may be hazardous or helpful and whether the
direction of change affects its impact on performance
and survival.
detrimental to organizational performance and survival
chances. I propose that organizational change may
benefit organizational performance and survival chances
if it occurs in response to dramatic restructuring of
environmental conditions and if it builds on established
routines and competences. These propositions are tested
on the savings and loan industry in California, which has
experienced technological, economic, and regulatory
shifts that have forced savings and loan associations to
change or die. Findings indicate that most changes
enhance financial performance, one is harmful to
performance, and three diminish failure rates. These
results support the model developed here and suggest
that the question of whether change is hazardous should
be replaced by the questions of under what conditions
change may be hazardous or helpful and whether the
direction of change affects its impact on performance
and survival.