10. Renewable Energy.
Renewable EnergyNote. Renewable Energy Production and Consumption. In Tables 1.1, 1.3, and 10.1, renewable energy consumption consists of: conventional hydroelectricity net generation (converted to Btu by multiplying by the total fossil fuels heat rate factors in Table A6); geothermal electricity net generation (converted to Btu by multiplying by the total fossil fuels heat rate factors in Table A6), and geothermal heat pump and geothermal direct use energy; solar thermal and photovoltaic electricity net generation (converted to Btu by multiplying by the total fossil fuels heat rate factors in Table A6), and solar thermal direct use energy; wind electricity net generation (converted to Btu by multiplying by the total fossil fuels heat rate factors in Table A6); wood and wood-derived fuels consumption; biomass waste (municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste, agricultural byproducts, and other biomass) consumption; fuel ethanol (minus denaturant), biodiesel, and other renewable fuels consumption; and losses and co-products from the production of fuel ethanol and biodiesel. In Tables 1.1, 1.2, and 10.1, renewable energy production is assumed to equal consumption for all renewable energy sources except biofuels and wood. Biofuels production comprises biomass inputs to the production of fuel ethanol and biodiesel. Wood production is the sum of wood consumption and densified biomass exports.
Table 10.2a Sources
Residential Sector, Geothermal
1989-2011: Annual estimates by the U.S Energy Information Administration (EIA) based on data from Oregon Institute of Technology, Geo-Heat Center.
2012 forward: Annual estimates assumed by EIA to be equal to that of 2011.
(For 1989 forward, monthly estimates are created by dividing the annual estimates by the number of days in the year and then multiplying by the number of days in the month.)
Residential Sector, Solar
1989 forward: Residential sector solar consumption is the sum of the values for "Distributed Solar Energy Consumption: Heat" (which includes solar thermal direct use energy in the residential, commercial, and industrial sectors) from Table 10.5 and "Distributed Solar Energy Consumption: Electricity, Residential Sector" from Table 10.5.
Residential Sector, Wood
1949-1979: Annual estimates are from EIA, Estimates of U.S. Wood Energy Consumption from 1949 to 1981, Table A2.
1980-2008: Annual estimates are based on EIA, Form EIA-457, "Residential Energy Consumption Survey"; and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration regional heating degree-day data.
2009 forward: Annual estimates based on EIA, Form-457, "Residential Energy Consumption Survey"; and residential wood consumption growth rates from EIA's Annual Energy Outlook data system.
(For 1973 forward, monthly estimates are created by dividing the annual estimates by the number of days in the year and then multiplying by the number of days in the month.)
Residential Sector, Total Renewable Energy
1949-1988: Residential sector total renewable energy consumption is equal to residential sector wood consumption.
1989 forward: Residential sector total renewable energy consumption is the sum of the residential sector consumption values for geothermal, solar, and wood.
Commercial Sector, Hydroelectric Power
1989 forward: Commercial sector conventional hydroelectricity net generation data from EIA, Form EIA-923, "Power Plant Operations Report," and predecessor forms, are converted to Btu by multiplying by the total fossil fuels heat rate factors in Table A6.
Commercial Sector, Geothermal Heat Pump and Direct Use Energy
1989-2011: Annual estimates by EIA based on data from Oregon Institute of Technology, Geo-Heat Center.
2012 forward: Annual estimates assumed by EIA to be equal to that of 2011.
(For 1989 forward, monthly estimates are created by dividing the annual estimates by the number of days in the year and then multiplying by the number of days in the month.)
Commercial Sector, Geothermal Electricity Net Generation
December 2018 forward: Commercial sector geothermal electricity net generation data from EIA, Form EIA-923, "Power Plant Operations Report," are converted to Btu by multiplying by the total fossil fuels heat rate factors in Table A6.
Commercial Sector, Geothermal Total
1989- November 2018: Commercial sector geothermal total consumption is equal to commercial sector heat pump and direct use energy.
December 2018 forward: Commercial sector geothermal total consumption is the sum of the commercial sector values for geothermal heat pump and direct use energy, and geothermal electricity net generation.
Commercial Sector, Solar
1989 forward: Commercial sector solar consumption is the sum of the values for "Distributed Solar Energy Consumption: Electricity, Commercial Sector" from Table 10.5 and "Utility-Scale Solar Energy Consumption: Electricity, Commercial Sector" from Table 10.5.
Commercial Sector, Wind
2009 forward: Commercial sector wind electricity net generation data from EIA, Form EIA-923, "Power Plant Operations Report," are converted to Btu by multiplying by the total fossil fuels heat rate factors in Table A6.
Commercial Sector, Wood
1949-1979: Annual estimates are from EIA, Estimates of U.S. Wood Energy Consumption from 1949 to 1981, Table A2.
1980-1983: Annual estimates are from EIA, Estimates of U.S. Wood Energy Consumption 1980 -1983, Table ES1.
1984: Annual estimate assumed by EIA to be equal to that of 1983.
1985-1988: Annual estimates interpolated by EIA.
(For 1973-1988, monthly estimates are created by dividing the annual estimates by the number of days in the year and then multiplying by the number of days in the month.)
1989 forward: Monthly/annual commercial sector combined-heat-and-power (CHP) wood consumption data are from EIA, Form EIA-923, "Power Plant Operations Report," and predecessor forms. Annual estimates for commercial sector non-CHP wood consumption are based on EIA, Form EIA-871, "Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey" (for 2014-2016, the annual estimates are based on commercial sector biomass consumption growth rates from EIA's Annual Energy Outlook data system; for 2017 forward, annual estimates are assumed by EIA to be equal to that of 2016). For 1989 forward, monthly estimates for commercial sector non-CHP wood consumption are created by dividing the annual estimates by the number of days in the year and then multiplying by the number of days in the month. Commercial sector total wood consumption is the sum of commercial sector CHP and non-CHP wood consumption.
Commercial Sector, Biomass Waste
1989 forward: Table 7.4c.
Commercial Sector, Fuel Ethanol (Minus Denaturant)
1981 forward: The commercial sector share of motor gasoline consumption is equal to commercial sector motor gasoline consumption from Table 3.7a divided by motor gasoline product supplied from Table 3.5. Commercial sector fuel ethanol (minus denaturant) consumption is equal to fuel ethanol (minus denaturant) consumption from Table 10.3 multiplied by the commercial sector share of motor gasoline consumption. Note that there is a discontinuity in this time series between 2014 and 2015 due to a change in the method for allocating motor gasoline consumption to the end-use sectors; beginning in 2015, the commercial and industrial sector shares of fuel ethanol consumption are larger than in 2014, while the transportation sector share is smaller.
Commercial Sector, Total Biomass
1949-1980: Commercial sector total biomass consumption is equal to commercial sector wood consumption.
1981-1988: Commercial sector total biomass consumption is the sum of the commercial sector consumption values for wood and fuel ethanol (minus denaturant).
1989 forward: Commercial sector total biomass consumption is the sum of the commercial sector consumption values for wood, waste, and fuel ethanol (minus denaturant).
Commercial Sector, Total Renewable Energy
1949-1988: Commercial sector total renewable energy consumption is equal to commercial sector total biomass consumption.
1989-2007: Commercial sector total renewable energy consumption is the sum of the commercial sector consumption values for conventional hydroelectric power, geothermal, and total biomass.
2008: Commercial sector total renewable energy consumption is the sum of the commercial sector consumption values for conventional hydroelectric power, geothermal, solar, and total biomass.
2009 forward: Commercial sector total renewable energy is the sum of the commercial sector consumption values for conventional hydroelectric power, geothermal, solar, wind, and total biomass.
Table 10.2b Sources
Industrial Sector, Hydroelectric Power
1949 forward: Industrial sector conventional hydroelectricity net generation data from Table 7.2c are converted to Btu by multiplying by the total fossil fuels heat rate factors in Table A6.
Industrial Sector, Geothermal
1989-2009: Annual estimates by the U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) based on data from Oregon Institute of Technology, Geo-Heat Center.
2010 forward: Annual estimates assumed by EIA to be equal to that of 2009.
(For 1989 forward, monthly estimates are created by dividing the annual estimates by the number of days in the year and then multiplying by the number of days in the month.)
Industrial Sector, Solar
1989 forward: Industrial sector solar consumption is the sum of the values for "Distributed Solar Energy Consumption: Electricity, Industrial Sector" from Table 10.5 and "Utility-Scale Solar Energy Consumption: Electricity, Industrial Sector" from Table 10.6.
Industrial Sector, Wind
2011 forward: Industrial sector wind electricity net generation data from EIA, Form EIA-923, "Power Plant Operations Report," are converted to Btu by multiplying by the total fossil fuels heat rate factors in Table A6.
Industrial Sector, Wood
1949-1979: Annual estimates are from EIA, Estimates of U.S. Wood Energy Consumption from 1949 to 1981, Table A2.
1980-1983: Annual estimates are from EIA, Estimates of U.S. Wood Energy Consumption 1980 -1983, Table ES1.
1984: Annual estimate is from EIA, Estimates of U.S. Biofuels Consumption 1990, Table 1.
1985 and 1986: Annual estimates interpolated by EIA.
1987: Annual estimate is from EIA, Estimates of Biofuels Consumption in the United States During 1987, Table 2.
1988: Annual estimate interpolated by EIA.
(For 1973-1988, monthly estimates are created by dividing the annual estimates by the number of days in the year and then multiplying by the number of days in the month.)
1989 forward: Monthly/annual industrial sector combined-heat-and-power (CHP) wood consumption data are from EIA, Form EIA-923, "Power Plant Operations Report," and predecessor forms. Annual estimates for industrial sector non-CHP wood consumption are based on EIA, Form EIA-846, "Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey" (for 2015 forward, the annual estimates are assumed by EIA to be equal to that of 2014). For 1989 forward, monthly estimates for industrial sector non-CHP wood consumption are created by dividing the annual estimates by the number of days in the year and then multiplying by the number of days in the month. Industrial sector total wood consumption is the sum of industrial sector CHP and non-CHP wood consumption.
Industrial Sector, Biomass Waste
1981: Annual estimate is calculated as total waste consumption (from EIA, Estimates of U.S. Biofuels Consumption 1990, Table 8) minus electric power sector waste consumption (from MER Table 10.2c).
1982 and 1983: Annual estimates are calculated as total waste consumption (based on Estimates of U.S. Biofuels Consumption 1990, Table 8) minus electric power sector waste consumption (from MER, Table 10.2c).
1984: Annual estimate is calculated as total waste consumption (from EIA, Estimates of U.S. Biofuels Consumption 1990, Table 8) minus electric power sector waste consumption (from MER, Table 10.2c).
1985 and 1986: Annual estimates interpolated by EIA.
1987: Annual estimate is calculated as total waste consumption (from EIA, Estimates of U.S. Biofuels Consumption 1990, Table 8) minus electric power sector waste consumption (from MER, Table 10.2c).
1988: Annual estimate interpolated by EIA.
(For 1973-1988, monthly estimates are created by dividing the annual estimates by the number of days in the year and then multiplying by the number of days in the month.)
1989 forward: Monthly/annual industrial sector combined-heat-and-power (CHP) consumption data are from Table 7.4c. Annual estimates for industrial sector non-CHP waste consumption are based on information presented in Government Advisory Associates, Resource Recovery Yearbook and Methane Recovery Yearbook, and information provided by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Landfill Methane Outreach Program (for 2014 forward, the annual estimates are assumed by EIA to be equal to that of 2013). For 1989 forward, monthly estimates for industrial sector non-CHP waste consumption are created by dividing the annual estimates by the number of days in the year and then multiplying by the number of days in the month. Industrial sector total waste consumption is the sum of industrial sector CHP and non-CHP waste consumption.
Industrial Sector, Fuel Ethanol (Minus Denaturant)
1981 forward: The industrial sector share of motor gasoline consumption is equal to industrial sector motor gasoline consumption from Table 3.7b divided by motor gasoline product supplied from Table 3.5. Industrial sector fuel ethanol (minus denaturant) consumption is equal to fuel ethanol (minus denaturant) consumption from Table 10.3 multiplied by the industrial sector share of motor gasoline consumption. Note that there is a discontinuity in this time series between 2014 and 2015 due to a change in the method for allocating motor gasoline consumption to the end-use sectors; beginning in 2015, the commercial and industrial sector shares of fuel ethanol consumption are larger than in 2014, while the transportation sector share is smaller.
Industrial Sector, Biomass Losses and Co-products
1981 forward: Calculated as fuel ethanol losses and co-products from Table 10.3 plus biodiesel losses and co-products from Table 10.4.
Industrial Sector, Total Biomass
1949-1980: Industrial sector total biomass consumption is equal to industrial sector wood consumption.
1981 forward: Industrial sector total biomass consumption is the sum of the industrial sector consumption values for wood, waste, fuel ethanol (minus denaturant), and biomass losses and co-products.
Industrial Sector, Total Renewable Energy
1949-1988: Industrial sector total renewable energy consumption is the sum of the industrial sector consumption values for conventional hydroelectric power and total biomass.
1989-2009: Industrial sector total renewable energy consumption is the sum of the industrial sector consumption values for conventional hydroelectric power, geothermal, and total biomass.
2010: Industrial sector total renewable energy consumption is the sum of the industrial sector consumption values for conventional hydroelectric power, geothermal, solar, and total biomass.
2011 forward: Industrial sector total renewable energy consumption is the sum of the industrial sector consumption values for conventional hydroelectric power, geothermal, solar, wind, and total biomass.
Transportation Sector, Fuel Ethanol (Minus Denaturant)
1981 forward: The transportation sector share of motor gasoline consumption is equal to transportation sector motor gasoline consumption from Table 3.7c divided by motor gasoline product supplied from Table 3.5. Transportation sector fuel ethanol (minus denaturant) consumption is equal to fuel ethanol (minus denaturant) consumption from Table 10.3 multiplied by the transportation sector share of motor gasoline consumption. Note that there is a discontinuity in this time series between 2014 and 2015 due to a change in the method for allocating motor gasoline consumption to the end-use sectors; beginning in 2015, the commercial and industrial sector shares of fuel ethanol consumption are larger than in 2014, while the transportation sector share is smaller.
Transportation Sector, Biodiesel
2001 forward: Table 10.4. Transportation sector biodiesel consumption is assumed to equal total biodiesel consumption.
Transportation Sector, Other Renewable Fuels
2009 forward: Table 10.4.
Transportation Sector, Total Renewable Energy
1981-2000: Transportation sector total renewable energy consumption is equal to transportation sector fuel ethanol (minus denaturant) consumption.
2001-2008: Transportation sector total renewable energy consumption is the sum of the transportation sector consumption values for fuel ethanol (minus denaturant) and biodiesel.
2009 forward: Transportation sector total renewable energy consumption is the sum of the transportation sector consumption values for fuel ethanol (minus denaturant), biodiesel, and other renewable fuels.
able 10.3 Sources
Feedstock
1981 forward: Calculated as fuel ethanol production (in thousand barrels) minus denaturant, and then multiplied by the fuel ethanol feedstock factor--see Table A3.
Losses and Co-products
1981 forward: Calculated as fuel ethanol feedstock plus denaturant minus fuel ethanol production.
Denaturant
1981-2008: Data in thousand barrels for petroleum denaturant in fuel ethanol produced are estimated as 2% of fuel ethanol production; these data are converted to Btu by multiplying by 4.645 million Btu per barrel (the estimated quantity-weighted factor of natural gasoline and conventional motor gasoline used as denaturant).
2009-2017: U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Petroleum Supply Annual (PSA), annual reports, Table 1. Data in thousand barrels for net production of natural gasoline at renewable fuels and oxygenate plants are multiplied by -1; these data are converted to Btu by multiplying by 4.620 million Btu per barrel (the approximate heat content of natural gasoline). Data in thousand barrels for net production of conventional motor gasoline and motor gasoline blending components at renewable fuels and oxygenate plants are multiplied by -1; these data are converted to Btu by multiplying by 5.222 million Btu per barrel (the approximate heat content of motor gasoline blending components). Total denaturant is the sum of the values for natural gasoline, conventional motor gasoline, and motor gasoline blending components.
2018 and 2019: EIA, Petroleum Supply Monthly (PSM), monthly reports, Table 1. Data in thousand barrels for net production of natural gasoline at renewable fuels and oxygenate plants are multiplied by -1; these data are converted to Btu by multiplying by 4.620 million Btu per barrel (the approximate heat content of natural gasoline). Data in thousand barrels for net production of conventional motor gasoline and motor gasoline blending components at renewable fuels and oxygenate plants are multiplied by -1; these data are converted to Btu by multiplying by 5.222 million Btu per barrel (the approximate heat content of motor gasoline blending components). Total denaturant is the sum of the values for natural gasoline, conventional motor gasoline, and motor gasoline blending components.
Production
1981-1992: Fuel ethanol production is assumed to equal fuel ethanol consumption--see sources for "Consumption."
1993-2004: Calculated as fuel ethanol consumption plus fuel ethanol stock change minus fuel ethanol net imports. These data differ slightly from the original production data from EIA, Form EIA-819, "Monthly Oxygenate Report," and predecessor form, which were not reconciled and updated to be consistent with the final balance.
2005-2008: EIA, Form EIA-819, "Monthly Oxygenate Report."
2009-2017: EIA, PSA, annual reports, Table 1, data for net production of fuel ethanol at renewable fuels and oxygenate plants.
2018 and 2019: EIA, PSM, monthly reports, Table 1, data for net production of fuel ethanol at renewable fuels and oxygenate plants.
Trade, Stocks, and Stock Change
1992-2017: EIA, PSA, annual reports, Table 1.
2018 and 2019: EIA, PSM, monthly reports, Table 1.
Consumption
1981-1989: EIA, Estimates of U.S. Biofuels Consumption 1990, Table 10; and interpolated values for 1982, 1983, 1985, 1986, and 1988.
1990-1992: EIA, Estimates of U.S. Biomass Energy Consumption 1992, Table D2; and interpolated value for 1991.
1993-2004: EIA, PSA, annual reports, Tables 2 and 16. Calculated as 10% of oxygenated finished motor gasoline field production (Table 2), plus fuel ethanol refinery input (Table 16).
2005-2008: EIA, PSA, annual reports, Tables 1 and 15. Calculated as motor gasoline blending components adjustments (Table 1), plus finished motor gasoline adjustments (Table 1), plus fuel ethanol refinery and blender net inputs (Table 15).
2009-2017: EIA, PSA, annual reports, Table 1. Calculated as fuel ethanol refinery and blender net inputs minus fuel ethanol adjustments.
2018 and 2019: EIA, PSM, monthly reports, Table 1. Calculated as fuel ethanol refinery and blender net inputs minus fuel ethanol adjustments.
Consumption Minus Denaturant
1981 forward: Calculated as fuel ethanol consumption minus the amount of denaturant in fuel ethanol consumed. Denaturant in fuel ethanol consumed is estimated by multiplying denaturant in fuel ethanol produced by the fuel ethanol consumption-to-production ratio.
Table 10.4 Sources
Biodiesel Feedstock
2001 forward: Calculated as biodiesel production in thousand barrels multiplied by 5.433 million Btu per barrel (the biodiesel feedstock factor--see "Biodiesel Feedstock" entry in the "Thermal Conversion Factor Source Documentation" at the end of Appendix A).
Biodiesel Losses and Co-products
2001 forward: Calculated as biodiesel feedstock minus biodiesel production.
Biodiesel Production 2001-2005: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Commodity Credit Corporation, Bioenergy Program records. Annual data are derived from quarterly data. Monthly data are estimated by dividing the annual data by the number of days in the year and then multiplying by the number of days in the month.
2006: U.S. Department of Commerce, U.S. Census Bureau, "M311K--Fats and Oils: Production, Consumption, and Stocks," data for soybean oil consumed in methyl esters (biodiesel). In addition, the U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) estimates that 14.4 million gallons of yellow grease were consumed in methyl esters (biodiesel).
2007: U.S. Department of Commerce, U.S. Census Bureau, "M311K--Fats and Oils: Production, Consumption, and Stocks," data for all fats and oils consumed in methyl esters (biodiesel).
2008: EIA, Monthly Biodiesel Production Report, December 2009 (release date October 2010), Table 11. Monthly data for 2008 are estimated based on U.S. Department of Commerce, U.S. Census Bureau, M311K data, multiplied by the EIA 2008 annual value's share of the M311K 2008 annual value.
2009 and 2010: EIA, Monthly Biodiesel Production Report, monthly reports, Table 1.
2011-2017: EIA, Petroleum Supply Annual (PSA), annual reports, Table 1, data for renewable fuels except fuel ethanol.
2018 and 2019: EIA, Petroleum Supply Monthly (PSM), monthly reports, Table 1, data for renewable fuels except fuel ethanol.
Biodiesel Trade
2001-2011: For imports, U.S. Department of Agriculture, data for the following Harmonized Tariff Schedule codes: 3824.90.40.20, "Fatty Esters Animal/Vegetable Mixture" (data through June 2010); and 3824.90.40.30, "Biodiesel/Mixes" (data for July 2010-2011). For exports, U.S. Department of Agriculture, data for the following Schedule B codes: 3824.90.40.00, "Fatty Substances Animal/Vegetable/Mixture" (data through 2010); and 3824.90.40.30, "Biodiesel <70%" (data for 2011). (The data above are converted from pounds to gallons by dividing by 7.4.) Although these categories include products other than biodiesel (such as biodiesel coprocessed with petroleum feedstocks; and products destined for soaps, cosmetics, and other items), biodiesel is the largest component. In the absence of other reliable data for biodiesel trade, EIA sees these data as good substitutes.
2012-2017: EIA, PSA, annual reports, Tables 25 and 31, data for biomass-based diesel fuel.
2018 and 2019: EIA, PSM, monthly reports, Tables 37 and 49, data for biomass-based diesel fuel.
Biodiesel Stocks and Stock Change
2009 forward: EIA, biodiesel data from EIA-22M, "Monthly Biodiesel Production Survey"; and biomass-based diesel fuel data from EIA-810, "Monthly Refinery Report," EIA-812, "Monthly Product Pipeline Report," and EIA-815, "Monthly Bulk Terminal and Blender Report."
Biodiesel Consumption
2001-2008: Calculated as biodiesel production plus biodiesel net imports.
January and February 2009: EIA, PSA, Table 1, data for refinery and blender net inputs of renewable fuels except fuel ethanol.
March 2009 forward: Calculated as biodiesel production plus biodiesel net imports minus biodiesel stock change.
Other Renewable Fuels
2009 forward: Consumption data for "Other Renewable Diesel Fuel" are set equal to refinery and blender net inputs data from EIA, EIA-810, "Monthly Refinery Report," and EIA-815, "Monthly Bulk Terminal and Blender Report" (data are converted to Btu by multiplying by the other renewable diesel fuel heat content factor in Table A1). Consumption data for "Other Renewable Fuels" are set equal to refinery and blender net inputs data from EIA, EIA-810, "Monthly Refinery Report," and EIA-815, "Monthly Bulk Terminal and Blender Report" (data are converted to Btu by multiplying by the other renewable fuels heat content factor in Table A1). "Other Renewable Fuels" in Table 10.4 is calculated as other renewable diesel fuel consumption plus other renewable fuels consumption.
Table 10.5 Sources
Distributed Solar Energy Consumption: Heat
Annual Data
1989-2009: Annual estimates by the U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) based on EIA, Form EIA-63A, "Annual Solar Thermal Collector/Reflector Shipments Report." Solar energy consumption by solar thermal non-electric applications (mainly in the residential sector, but with some in the commercial and industrial sectors) is based on assumptions about the stock of equipment in place and other factors.
2010 forward: Annual estimates based on commercial sector solar thermal growth rates from EIA's Annual Energy Outlook (AEO) data system. (Annual estimates are subject to revision when a new AEO is released.)
Monthly Data
1989-2013: Monthly estimates for each year are obtained by allocating a given year's annual value to the months in that year. Each month's allocator is the average of that month's "Distributed Solar Energy Consumption: Electricity, Total" values in 2014 and 2015. The allocators, when rounded, are as follows: January--5%; February--6%; March--8%; April--9%; May--10%; June--10%; July--10%; August--10%; September--9%; October--9%; November--7%; and December--7%.
2014 forward: Once all 12 months of "Distributed Solar Energy Consumption: Electricity, Total" data are available for a given year, they are used as allocators and applied to the annual estimate in order to derive monthly estimates for that year. Initial monthly estimates for the current year use the previous year's allocators.
Distributed Solar Energy Consumption: Electricity, Residential Sector
Beginning in 2014, monthly and annual data for residential sector distributed (small-scale) solar photovoltaic generation are from EIA, Electric Power Monthly, Table 1.2.E. Those data are converted to consumption data in Btu by multiplying by the total fossil fuels heat rate factors in MER Table A6.
Backcasts for earlier periods are developed as follows:
Annual Data
1989-2003: Annual growth rates are calculated based on distributed (small-scale) solar electricity consumption in all sectors. Consumption is estimated using information on shipments of solar panels from EIA, Form EIA-63B, "Annual Photovoltaic Cell/Module Shipments Report," and assumptions about the stock of equipment in place and other factors. The growth rates are applied to more recent data to create historical annual estimates.
2004-2008: Annual growth rates based on commercial sector solar photovoltaic growth rates from EIA's Annual Energy Outlook (AEO) data system are applied to more recent data to create historical annual estimates. (Annual estimates are subject to revision when a new AEO is released.)
2009-2013: Annual growth rates based on residential sector solar photovoltaic growth rates from EIA's Annual Energy Outlook (AEO) data system are applied to more recent data to create historical annual estimates. (Annual estimates are subject to revision when a new AEO is released.)
Monthly Data
1989-2013: See "Distributed Solar Energy Consumption: Heat, Monthly Data."
Distributed Solar Energy Consumption: Electricity, Commercial Sector
Beginning in 2014, monthly and annual data for commercial sector distributed (small-scale) solar photovoltaic generation are from EIA, Electric Power Monthly, Table 1.2.C. Those data are converted to consumption data in Btu by multiplying by the total fossil fuels heat rate factors in MER Table A6.
Backcasts for earlier periods are developed as follows:
Annual Data
1989-2003: Annual growth rates based on EIA, Form EIA-63B, "Annual Photovoltaic Cell/Module Shipments Report," are applied to more recent data to create historical annual estimates. (See "Distributed Solar Energy Consumption: Electricity, Residential Sector" sources above for details.)
2004-2013: Annual growth rates based on commercial sector solar photovoltaic growth rates from EIA's Annual Energy Outlook (AEO) data system are applied to more recent data to create historical annual estimates. (Annual estimates are subject to revision when a new AEO is released.)
Monthly Data
1989-2013: See "Distributed Solar Energy Consumption: Heat, Monthly Data."
Distributed Solar Energy Consumption: Electricity, Industrial Sector
Beginning in 2014, monthly and annual data for industrial sector distributed (small-scale) solar photovoltaic generation are from EIA, Electric Power Monthly, Table 1.2.D. Those data are converted to consumption data in Btu by multiplying by the total fossil fuels heat rate factors in MER Table A6.
Backcasts for earlier periods are developed as follows:
Annual Data
1989-2003: Annual growth rates based on EIA, Form EIA-63B, "Annual Photovoltaic Cell/Module Shipments Report," are applied to more recent data to create historical annual estimates. (See "Distributed Solar Energy Consumption: Electricity, Residential Sector" sources above for details.)
2004-2013: Annual growth rates based on commercial sector solar photovoltaic growth rates from EIA's Annual Energy Outlook (AEO) data system are applied to more recent data to create historical annual estimates. (Annual estimates are subject to revision when a new AEO is released.)
Monthly Data
1989-2013: See "Distributed Solar Energy Consumption: Heat, Monthly Data."
Distributed Solar Energy Consumption: Electricity, Total
1989 forward: Distributed (small-scale) solar energy consumption for total electricity is the sum of the distributed solar energy consumption (for electricity) values for the residential, commercial, and industrial sectors.
Distributed Solar Energy Consumption: Total
1989 forward: Distributed (small-scale) solar energy consumption total is the sum of distributed solar energy consumption values for heat and total electricity.
Utility-Scale Solar Energy Consumption: Electricity, Commercial Sector
2008 forward: Commercial sector solar photovoltaic and solar thermal electricity net generation data from EIA, Form EIA-923, "Power Plant Operations Report," are converted to Btu by multiplying by the total fossil fuels heat rate factors in Table A6.
Utility-Scale Solar Energy Consumption: Electricity, Industrial Sector
2010 forward: Industrial sector solar photovoltaic and solar thermal electricity net generation data from EIA, Form EIA-923, "Power Plant Operations Report," are converted to Btu by multiplying by the total fossil fuels heat rate factors in Table A6.
Utility-Scale Solar Energy Consumption: Electricity, Electric Power Sector
1984 forward: Electric power sector solar photovoltaic and solar thermal electricity net generation data from Table 7.2b are converted to Btu by multiplying the total fossil fuels heat rate factors in Table A6.
Utility-Scale Solar Energy Consumption: Electricity, Total
1984 forward: Utility-scale solar energy consumption for total electricity is the sum of the utility-scale solar energy consumption (for electricity) values for the commercial, industrial, and electric power sectors.
Solar Energy Consumption: Total
1984 forward: Total solar energy consumption is the sum of the values for total distributed solar energy consumption and total utility-scale solar energy consumption.
Table 10.1 Renewable Energy Production and Consumption by Source
(Trillion Btu)
Production (a)
Biomass Total
Bio- Renewable Hydroelectric
fuels (b) Total (c) Energy (d) Power (e)
1950 Total NA 1,562 2,978 1,415
1955 Total NA 1,424 2,784 1,360
1960 Total NA 1,320 2,928 1,608
1965 Total NA 1,335 3,396 2,059
1970 Total NA 1,431 4,070 2,634
1975 Total NA 1,499 4,687 3,155
1980 Total NA 2,475 5,428 2,900
1985 Total 93 3,016 6,084 2,970
1990 Total 111 2,735 6,040 3,046
1995 Total 198 3,099 6,557 3,205
2000 Total 233 3,006 6,102 2,811
2001 Total 254 2,624 5,162 2,242
2002 Total 308 2,705 5,731 2,689
2003 Total 401 2,805 5,942 2,793
2004 Total 486 2,996 6,063 2,688
2005 Total 561 3,101 6,221 2,703
2006 Total 716 3,212 6,586 2,869
2007 Total 970 3,472 6,510 2,446
2008 Total 1,374 3,868 7,192 2,511
2009 Total 1,570 3,957 7,625 2,669
2010 Total 1,868 4,553 8,314 2,539
2011 Total 2,029 4,704 9,300 3,103
2012 Total 1,929 4,547 8,886 2,629
2013 Total 1,981 4,816 9,418 2,562
2014 Total 2,103 5,020 9,766 2,467
2015 Total 2,161 4,992 9,729 2,321
2016 Total 2,275 5,081 10,428 2,472
2017 January 197 445 926 247
February 177 398 867 218
March 197 442 1,023 270
April 183 412 997 271
May 197 432 1,035 298
June 192 427 991 278
July 196 439 932 244
August 203 450 874 201
September 192 421 852 176
October 201 438 924 168
November 203 443 921 189
December 205 458 959 206
Total 2,344 5,204 11,301 2,767
2018 January 198 451 1,002 236
February 182 417 949 235
March 200 448 1,033 239
April 190 429 1,034 253
May 201 447 1,063 280
June 200 445 1,051 258
July 210 459 946 221
August 212 464 958 197
September 193 428 874 172
October 204 451 912 173
November 198 440 928 204
December 200 454 970 219
Total 2,389 5,332 11,722 2,688
2019 January 195 446 978 226
February 177 R405 R897 203
March 191 431 1,013 234
3-Month Total 563 1,282 2,887 663
2018 3-Month Total 581 1,316 2,984 710
2017 3-Month Total 572 1,285 2,816 734
Consumption
Geo-
thermal (f) Solar (g) Wind (h) Wood (i)
1950 Total NA NA NA 1,562
1955 Total NA NA NA 1,424
1960 Total (s) NA NA 1,320
1965 Total 2 NA NA 1,335
1970 Total 6 NA NA 1,429
1975 Total 34 NA NA 1,497
1980 Total 53 NA NA 2,474
1985 Total 97 (s) (s) 2,687
1990 Total 171 59 29 2,216
1995 Total 152 68 33 2,370
2000 Total 164 63 57 2,262
2001 Total 164 62 70 2,006
2002 Total 171 60 105 1,995
2003 Total 173 58 113 2,002
2004 Total 178 58 142 2,121
2005 Total 181 58 178 2,137
2006 Total 181 61 264 2,099
2007 Total 186 66 341 2,089
2008 Total 192 74 546 2,059
2009 Total 200 78 721 1,935
2010 Total 208 91 923 2,217
2011 Total 212 112 1,168 2,213
2012 Total 212 159 1,340 2,151
2013 Total 214 225 1,601 2,338
2014 Total 214 337 1,728 2,401
2015 Total 212 427 1,777 2,312
2016 Total 210 570 2,096 2,230
2017 January 18 34 183 196
February 16 40 195 176
March 18 63 230 194
April 18 69 227 183
May 17 81 207 188
June 16 87 183 188
July 18 83 147 197
August 18 80 125 199
September 17 74 164 183
October 17 68 233 190
November 17 50 222 191
December 20 49 226 200
Total 210 777 2,343 2,285
2018 January 18 50 247 203
February 17 58 222 186
March 18 76 251 198
April 17 89 247 190
May 19 100 217 198
June 18 107 225 196
July 19 100 148 203
August 19 99 180 203
September 18 90 166 190
October 18 76 195 196
November 18 58 207 192
December 20 50 229 202
Total 218 951 2,533 2,357
2019 January 19 55 232 203
February 17 59 212 182
March 19 88 240 192
3-Month Total 55 202 684 577
2018 3-Month Total 54 184 721 587
2017 3-Month Total 53 136 608 566
Biomass Total
Bio- Renewable
Waste (j) fuels (k) Total Energy
1950 Total NA NA 1,562 2,978
1955 Total NA NA 1,424 2,784
1960 Total NA NA 1,320 2,928
1965 Total NA NA 1,335 3,396
1970 Total 2 NA 1,431 4,070
1975 Total 2 NA 1,499 4,687
1980 Total 2 NA 2,475 5,428
1985 Total 236 93 3,016 6,084
1990 Total 408 111 2,735 6,040
1995 Total 531 200 3,101 6,559
2000 Total 511 236 3,008 6,104
2001 Total 364 253 2,622 5,160
2002 Total 402 303 2,701 5,726
2003 Total 401 403 2,806 5,944
2004 Total 389 498 3,008 6,075
2005 Total 403 574 3,114 6,234
2006 Total 397 766 3,262 6,637
2007 Total 413 983 3,485 6,523
2008 Total 435 1,357 3,851 7,175
2009 Total 452 1,553 3,940 7,608
2010 Total 468 1,821 4,506 8,267
2011 Total 462 1,934 4,609 9,204
2012 Total 467 1,890 4,508 8,847
2013 Total 496 2,014 4,848 9,451
2014 Total 516 2,077 4,994 9,740
2015 Total 518 2,153 4,983 9,720
2016 Total 503 2,287 5,020 10,368
2017 January 45 181 422 904
February 40 168 383 852
March 43 191 429 1,010
April 41 185 408 993
May 41 202 431 1,034
June 40 199 428 992
July 41 196 434 927
August 41 205 445 869
September 38 190 411 842
October 40 196 427 914
November 42 194 426 905
December 43 195 439 940
Total 495 2,304 5,084 11,181
2018 January 44 191 437 989
February 41 165 391 924
March 44 191 433 1,018
April 41 179 411 1,016
May 41 199 437 1,053
June 40 193 429 1,036
July 40 200 442 930
August 40 205 448 943
September 36 182 408 854
October 41 196 433 894
November 41 187 421 908
December 43 191 436 953
Total 492 2,279 5,128 11,518
2019 January 41 178 423 954
February 37 171 391 883
March 41 189 421 1,002
3-Month Total 120 538 1,235 2,839
2018 3-Month Total 128 547 1,262 2,930
2017 3-Month Total 128 540 1,234 2,766
(a) For hydroelectric power, geothermal, solar, wind, and biomass
waste, production equals consumption. For biofuels, production equals
total biomass inputs to the production of fuel ethanol and biodiesel.
For wood, through 2015, production equals consumption; beginning in
2016, production equals consumption plus densified biomass exports.
(b) Total biomass inputs to the production of fuel ethanol and
biodiesel.
(c) Wood and wood-derived fuels, biomass waste, and total biomass
inputs to the production of fuel ethanol and biodiesel.
(d) Hydroelectric power, geothermal, solar, wind, and biomass.
(e) Conventional hydroelectricity net generation (converted to Btu by
multiplying by the total fossil fuels heat rate factors in Table A6).
(f) Geothermal electricity net generation (converted to Btu by
multiplying by the total fossil fuels heat rate factors in Table A6),
and geothermal heat pump and direct use energy.
(g) Solar photovoltaic (PV) and solar thermal electricity net
generation (converted to Btu by multiplying by the total fossil fuels
heat rate factors in Table A6), and solar thermal direct use energy.
(h) Wind electricity net generation (converted to Btu by multiplying by
the total fossil fuels heat rate factors in Table A6).
(i) Wood and wood-derived fuels.
(j) Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge
waste, agricultural byproducts, and other biomass. Through 2000, also
includes non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste from non-biogenic
sources, and tire-derived fuels).
(k) Fuel ethanol (minus denaturant), biodiesel, other renewable diesel
fuel, and other renewable fuels consumption; plus losses and co
-products from the production of fuel ethanol and biodiesel.
R=Revised. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.5 trillion Btu.
Notes: * Production data are estimates. Consumption data are estimates,
except for hydroelectric power in 1949-1978 and 1989 forward, and wind.
* See Note, "Renewable Energy Production and Consumption," at end of
section. * Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent
rounding. * Geographic coverage is the 50 states and the District of
Columbia.
Web Page: See https://www.eia.gOv/totalenergy/data/monthly/#renewable
(Excel and CSV files) for all available annual data beginning in 1949
and monthly data beginning in 1973.
Sources: * Production: Tables 10.2a-10.4 and U.S. Energy Information
Administration, Form EIA-63C, "Densified Biomass Fuel Report." *
Consumption: Tables 10.2a-10.2c.
Table 10.2a Renewable Energy Consumption: Residential and Commercial
Sectors (Trillion Btu)
Residential Sector
Biomass
Geo-
thermal (b) Solar (c) Wood (d) Total
1950 Total NA NA 1,006 1,006
1955 Total NA NA 775 775
1960 Total NA NA 627 627
1965 Total NA NA 468 468
1970 Total NA NA 401 401
1975 Total NA NA 425 425
1980 Total NA NA 850 850
1985 Total NA NA 1,010 1,010
1990 Total 6 55 580 640
1995 Total 7 63 520 589
2000 Total 9 58 420 486
2001 Total 9 55 370 435
2002 Total 10 53 380 443
2003 Total 13 52 400 465
2004 Total 14 51 410 475
2005 Total 16 50 430 496
2006 Total 18 53 380 451
2007 Total 22 55 420 497
2008 Total 26 58 470 555
2009 Total 33 60 504 597
2010 Total 37 65 541 642
2011 Total 40 71 524 635
2012 Total 40 79 438 557
2013 Total 40 91 572 703
2014 Total 40 109 579 728
2015 Total 40 128 513 680
2016 Total 40 161 448 649
2017 January 3 10 37 50
February 3 11 33 47
March 3 16 37 56
April 3 18 36 57
May 3 20 37 60
June 3 20 36 59
July 3 21 37 61
August 3 20 37 60
September 3 18 36 57
October 3 16 37 56
November 3 13 36 51
December 3 12 37 52
Total 40 193 433 666
2018 January 3 12 44 59
February 3 13 40 56
March 3 18 44 66
April 3 21 43 67
May 3 23 44 70
June 3 23 43 69
July 3 24 44 71
August 3 23 44 70
September 3 20 43 66
October 3 18 44 65
November 3 15 43 60
December 3 13 44 61
Total 40 224 517 780
2019 January 3 14 45 62
February 3 15 41 59
March 3 22 45 70
3-Month Total 10 51 131 191
2018 3-Month Total 10 44 128 181
2017 3-Month Total 10 37 107 153
Hydroelectric Geo-
Power (e) thermal (f) Solar (g)
1950 Total NA NA NA
1955 Total NA NA NA
1960 Total NA NA NA
1965 Total NA NA NA
1970 Total NA NA NA
1975 Total NA NA NA
1980 Total NA NA NA
1985 Total NA NA NA
1990 Total 1 3 (s)
1995 Total 1 5 (s)
2000 Total 1 8 1
2001 Total 1 8 1
2002 Total (s) 9 1
2003 Total 1 11 1
2004 Total 1 12 1
2005 Total 1 14 2
2006 Total 1 14 3
2007 Total 1 14 4
2008 Total 1 15 6
2009 Total 1 17 8
2010 Total 1 19 12
2011 Total (s) 20 20
2012 Total (s) 20 33
2013 Total (s) 20 41
2014 Total (s) 20 52
2015 Total (s) 20 57
2016 Total 2 20 62
2017 January (s) 2 4
February (s) 2 4
March (s) 2 6
April (s) 2 7
May (s) 2 8
June (s) 2 8
July (s) 2 8
August (s) 2 8
September (s) 2 7
October (s) 2 6
November (s) 2 5
December (s) 2 5
Total 2 20 76
2018 January (s) 2 5
February (s) 2 6
March NM 2 8
April (s) 2 9
May NM 2 10
June NM 2 10
July NM 2 10
August NM 2 10
September (s) 2 9
October NM 2 8
November NM 2 6
December (s) 2 6
Total 2 20 96
2019 January NM 2 6
February NM 2 7
March NM 2 9
3-Month Total 1 6 22
2018 3-Month Total 1 5 19
2017 3-Month Total 1 5 15
Commercial Sector (a)
Biomass
Wind (h) Wood (d) Waste (i)
1950 Total NA 19 NA
1955 Total NA 15 NA
1960 Total NA 12 NA
1965 Total NA 9 NA
1970 Total NA 8 NA
1975 Total NA 8 NA
1980 Total NA 21 NA
1985 Total NA 24 NA
1990 Total - 66 28
1995 Total - 72 40
2000 Total - 71 47
2001 Total - 67 25
2002 Total - 69 26
2003 Total - 71 29
2004 Total - 70 34
2005 Total - 70 34
2006 Total - 65 36
2007 Total - 70 31
2008 Total - 73 34
2009 Total (s) 73 36
2010 Total (s) 72 36
2011 Total (s) 69 43
2012 Total 1 61 45
2013 Total 1 70 47
2014 Total 1 76 47
2015 Total 1 79 47
2016 Total 1 84 48
2017 January (s) 7 4
February (s) 7 4
March (s) 7 4
April (s) 7 4
May (s) 7 4
June (s) 7 4
July (s) 7 4
August (s) 7 4
September (s) 7 4
October (s) 7 4
November (s) 7 4
December (s) 7 4
Total 1 84 48
2018 January (s) 7 4
February (s) 7 4
March (s) 7 4
April (s) 7 4
May (s) 7 4
June (s) 7 4
July (s) 7 4
August (s) 7 4
September (s) 7 3
October (s) 7 4
November (s) 7 4
December (s) 7 4
Total 2 84 44
2019 January (s) 7 4
February (s) 7 3
March (s) 7 4
3-Month Total (s) 21 11
2018 3-Month Total (s) 21 11
2017 3-Month Total (s) 21 12
Fuel
Ethanol (j, k) Total Total
1950 Total NA 19 19
1955 Total NA 15 15
1960 Total NA 12 12
1965 Total NA 9 9
1970 Total NA 8 8
1975 Total NA 8 8
1980 Total NA 21 21
1985 Total (s) 24 24
1990 Total (s) 94 98
1995 Total (s) 113 119
2000 Total (s) 119 128
2001 Total (s) 92 101
2002 Total (s) 95 105
2003 Total 1 101 114
2004 Total 1 105 120
2005 Total 1 105 121
2006 Total 1 103 120
2007 Total 2 103 122
2008 Total 2 109 131
2009 Total 3 112 137
2010 Total 3 111 142
2011 Total 3 115 155
2012 Total 3 108 162
2013 Total 3 120 182
2014 Total 4 127 200
2015 Total 126 152 230
2016 Total 26 158 242
2017 January 2 14 20
February 2 12 18
March 2 13 21
April 2 13 22
May 2 13 23
June 2 13 23
July 2 13 23
August 2 13 23
September 2 12 21
October 2 13 21
November 2 13 20
December 2 13 20
Total 25 156 255
2018 January 2 13 21
February 2 12 20
March 2 13 23
April 2 12 23
May 2 13 25
June 2 13 25
July 2 13 25
August 2 13 25
September 2 12 23
October 2 13 23
November 2 13 21
December 2 13 21
Total 25 153 273
2019 January 2 13 22
February 2 12 21
March 2 13 25
3-Month Total 6 38 67
2018 3-Month Total 6 38 63
2017 3-Month Total 6 39 59
(a) Commercial sector, including commercial combined-heat-and-power
(CHP) and commercial electricity-only plants. See Note 2,
"Classification of Power Plants Into Energy-Use Sectors," at end of
Section 7.
(b) Geothermal heat pump and direct use energy.
(c) Distributed (small-scale) solar photovoltaic (PV) electricity
generation in the residential sector (converted to Btu by multiplying
by the total fossil fuels heat rate factors in Table A6) and
distributed solar thermal energy in the residential, commercial, and
industrial sectors. See Table 10.5.
(d) Wood and wood-derived fuels.
(e) Conventional hydroelectricity net generation (converted to Btu by
multiplying by the total fossil fuels heat rate factors in Table A6).
(f) Geothermal heat pump and direct use energy. Beginning in December
2018, also includes geothermal electricity net generation (converted to
Btu by multiplying by the total fossil fuels heat rate factors in Table
A6).
(g) Solar photovoltaic (PV) electricity net generation in the
commercial sector (converted to Btu by multiplying by the total fossil
fuels heat rate factors in Table A6), both utility-scale and
distributed (small-scale). See Table 10.5.
(h) Wind electricity net generation (converted to Btu by multiplying by
the total fossil fuels heat rate factors in Table A6).
(i) Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge
waste, agricultural byproducts, and other biomass. Through 2000, also
includes non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste from non-biogenic
sources, and tire-derived fuels).
(j) The fuel ethanol (minus denaturant) portion of motor fuels, such as
E10, consumed by the commercial sector.
(k) There is a discontinuity in this time series between 2014 and 2015
due to a change in the method for allocating motor gasoline consumption
to the end-use sectors. Beginning in 2015, the commercial and
industrial sector shares of fuel ethanol consumption are larger than in
2014, while the transportation sector share is smaller.
NA=Not available. NM=Not meaningful.--=No data reported. (s)=Less than
0.5 trillion Btu.
Notes: * Residential sector data are estimates. Commercial sector data
are estimates, except for hydroelectric power, wind, and biomass waste.
* Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.
* Geographic coverage is the 50 states and the District of Columbia.
Web Page: See https://www.eia.gOv/totalenergy/data/monthly/#renewable
(Excel and CSV files) for all available annual data beginning in 1949
and monthly data beginning in 1973.
Sources: See end of section.
Table 10.2b Renewable Energy Consumption: Industrial and Transportation
Sectors (Trillion Btu)
Hydro- Geo-
electric ther-
Power (b) mal (c) Solar (d) Wind (e)
1950 Total 69 NA NA NA
1955 Total 38 NA NA NA
1960 Total 39 NA NA NA
1965 Total 33 NA NA NA
1970 Total 34 NA NA NA
1975 Total 32 NA NA NA
1980 Total 33 NA NA NA
1985 Total 33 NA NA NA
1990 Total 31 2 (s) -
1995 Total 55 3 (s) -
2000 Total 42 4 (s) -
2001 Total 33 5 (s) -
2002 Total 39 5 (s) -
2003 Total 43 3 (s) -
2004 Total 33 4 (s) -
2005 Total 32 4 (s) -
2006 Total 29 4 1 -
2007 Total 16 5 1 -
2008 Total 17 5 1 -
2009 Total 18 4 2 -
2010 Total 16 4 3 -
2011 Total 17 4 4 (s)
2012 Total 22 4 7 (s)
2013 Total 33 4 9 (s)
2014 Total 12 4 11 1
2015 Total 13 4 14 (s)
2016 Total 12 4 19 1
2017 January 1 (s) 1 (s)
February 1 (s) 1 (s)
March 1 (s) 2 (s)
April 1 (s) 2 (s)
May 1 (s) 2 (s)
June 1 (s) 2 (s)
July 1 (s) 2 (s)
August 1 (s) 2 (s)
September 1 (s) 2 (s)
October 1 (s) 2 (s)
November 1 (s) 1 (s)
December 1 (s) 1 (s)
Total 13 4 22 1
2018 January 1 (s) 1 (s)
February 1 (s) 1 (s)
March 1 (s) 2 (s)
April 1 (s) 2 (s)
May 1 (s) 3 (s)
June 1 (s) 3 (s)
July 1 (s) 3 (s)
August 1 (s) 3 (s)
September 1 (s) 2 (s)
October 1 (s) 2 (s)
November 1 (s) 2 (s)
December 1 (s) 2 (s)
Total 13 4 25 1
2019 January 1 (s) 2 (s)
February 1 (s) 2 (s)
March 1 (s) 2 (s)
3-Month Total 2 1 6 (s)
2018 3-Month Total 3 1 5 (s)
2017 3-Month Total 3 1 4 (s)
Industrial Sector (a)
Biomass
Losses
Fuel and Co-
Wood (f) Wastes (g) Ethanol (h,i) products (j)
1950 Total 532 NA NA NA
1955 Total 631 NA NA NA
1960 Total 680 NA NA NA
1965 Total 855 NA NA NA
1970 Total 1,019 NA NA NA
1975 Total 1,063 NA NA NA
1980 Total 1,600 NA NA NA
1985 Total 1,645 230 1 42
1990 Total 1,442 192 1 49
1995 Total 1,652 195 2 86
2000 Total 1,636 145 1 99
2001 Total 1,443 129 3 108
2002 Total 1,396 146 3 130
2003 Total 1,363 142 4 168
2004 Total 1,476 132 6 201
2005 Total 1,452 148 7 227
2006 Total 1,472 130 10 280
2007 Total 1,413 145 10 369
2008 Total 1,339 143 12 519
2009 Total 1,178 154 13 603
2010 Total 1,409 168 17 727
2011 Total 1,438 165 17 756
2012 Total 1,462 159 17 711
2013 Total 1,489 187 18 709
2014 Total 1,495 190 14 757
2015 Total 1,476 190 '18 776
2016 Total 1,474 174 18 801
2017 January 132 15 1 71
February 118 14 1 63
March 129 15 2 70
April 123 14 1 64
May 127 14 2 69
June 128 12 2 67
July 133 13 2 68
August 134 13 2 71
September 123 13 2 67
October 128 14 2 70
November 129 15 2 71
December 135 15 2 71
Total 1,539 168 18 821
2018 January 131 15 2 70
February 122 14 1 63
March 128 15 2 69
April 126 14 1 66
May 128 14 2 69
June 127 12 2 69
July 132 13 2 72
August 134 13 2 73
September 124 13 1 66
October 128 15 2 70
November 127 14 2 68
December 133 15 2 68
Total 1,540 168 18 823
2019 January 131 15 1 67
February 118 14 1 61
March 123 14 2 66
3-Month Total 371 43 4 194
2018 3-Month Total 382 44 4 202
2017 3-Month Total 379 44 4 204
Transportation Sector
Biomass
Fuel Bio-
Total Total Ethanol (i,k) diesel (l) Other (m)
1950 Total 532 602 NA NA NA
1955 Total 631 669 NA NA NA
1960 Total 680 719 NA NA NA
1965 Total 855 888 NA NA NA
1970 Total 1,019 1,053 NA NA NA
1975 Total 1,063 1,096 NA NA NA
1980 Total 1,600 1,633 NA NA NA
1985 Total 1,918 1,951 50 NA NA
1990 Total 1,684 1,717 60 NA NA
1995 Total 1,934 1,992 112 NA NA
2000 Total 1,881 1,928 135 NA NA
2001 Total 1,681 1,719 141 1 NA
2002 Total 1,676 1,720 168 2 NA
2003 Total 1,678 1,725 228 2 NA
2004 Total 1,815 1,852 286 3 NA
2005 Total 1,834 1,871 327 12 NA
2006 Total 1,892 1,926 442 33 NA
2007 Total 1,937 1,958 557 45 NA
2008 Total 2,012 2,035 786 39 NA
2009 Total 1,948 1,972 894 41 -
2010 Total 2,320 2,343 1,041 33 (s)
2011 Total 2,375 2,401 1,045 113 1
2012 Total 2,349 2,383 1,045 115 1
2013 Total 2,403 2,449 1,072 182 30
2014 Total 2,456 2,484 1,093 181 28
2015 Total 2,460 2,491 '1,110 191 33
2016 Total 2,467 2,503 1,143 266 34
2017 January 220 222 91 13 3
February 196 199 84 14 3
March 216 220 96 19 3
April 203 207 94 21 3
May 211 215 100 25 3
June 208 212 100 25 4
July 216 219 99 24 2
August 220 223 103 26 2
September 204 207 96 22 2
October 214 217 99 22 2
November 216 219 97 21 1
December 223 226 97 21 2
Total 2,547 2,587 1,156 253 30
2018 January 218 221 98 18 2
February 200 203 81 14 3
March 214 218 96 20 3
April 208 211 88 20 2
May 213 217 103 21 2
June 210 214 98 22 1
July 219 223 101 22 1
August 221 225 104 23 1
September 204 207 91 21 1
October 214 218 99 22 1
November 211 214 94 19 2
December 218 221 97 21 2
Total 2,549 2,593 1,150 242 21
2019 January 214 217 90 16 2
February 194 197 89 17 2
March 204 208 97 20 2
3-Month Total 612 622 276 53 5
2018 3-Month Total 632 642 275 52 7
2017 3-Month Total 632 641 271 46 8
Total
1950 Total NA
1955 Total NA
1960 Total NA
1965 Total NA
1970 Total NA
1975 Total NA
1980 Total NA
1985 Total 50
1990 Total 60
1995 Total 112
2000 Total 135
2001 Total 142
2002 Total 170
2003 Total 230
2004 Total 290
2005 Total 339
2006 Total 475
2007 Total 602
2008 Total 825
2009 Total 935
2010 Total 1,075
2011 Total 1,159
2012 Total 1,160
2013 Total 1,284
2014 Total 1,302
2015 Total 1,334
2016 Total 1,443
2017 January 107
February 101
March 118
April 117
May 129
June 129
July 125
August 131
September 120
October 123
November 120
December 120
Total 1,439
2018 January 117
February 98
March 119
April 110
May 126
June 121
July 124
August 128
September 113
October 122
November 116
December 119
Total 1,413
2019 January 108
February 107
March 119
3-Month Total 334
2018 3-Month Total 334
2017 3-Month Total 325
(a) Industrial sector, including industrial combined-heat-and-power
(CHP) and industrial electricity-only plants. See Note 2,
"Classification of Power Plants Into Energy-Use Sectors," at end of
Section 7.
(b) Conventional hydroelectricity net generation (converted to Btu by
multiplying by the total fossil fuels heat rate factors in Table A6).
(c) Geothermal heat pump and direct use energy.
(d) Solar photovoltaic (PV) electricity net generation in the
industrial sector (converted to Btu by multiplying by the total fossil
fuels heat rate factors in Table A6), both utility-scale and
distributed (small-scale). See Table 10.5.
(e) Wind electricity net generation (converted to Btu by multiplying by
the total fossil fuels heat rate factors in Table A6).
(f) Wood and wood-derived fuels.
(g) Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge
waste, agricultural byproducts, and other biomass. Through 2000, also
includes non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste from non-biogenic
sources, and tire-derived fuels).
(h) The fuel ethanol (minus denaturant) portion of motor fuels, such as
E10, consumed by the industrial sector.
(i) There is a discontinuity in this time series between 2014 and 2015
due to a change in the method for allocating motor gasoline consumption
to the end-use sectors. Beginning in 2015, the commercial and
industrial sector shares of fuel ethanol consumption are larger than in
2014, while the transportation sector share is smaller.
(j) Losses and co-products from the production of fuel ethanol and
biodiesel. Does not include natural gas, electricity, and other non
-biomass energy used in the production of fuel ethanol and biodiesel
--these are included in the industrial sector consumption statistics
for the appropriate energy source.
(k) The fuel ethanol (minus denaturant) portion of motor fuels, such as
E10 and E85, consumed by the transportation sector.
(l) Although there is biodiesel use in other sectors, all biodiesel
consumption is assigned to the transportation sector.
(m) Other renewable diesel fuel and other renewable fuels consumption.
See "Renewable Diesel Fuel (Other)" and "Renewable Fuels (Other)" in
Glossary.
NA=Not available.--=No data reported. (s)=Less than 0.5 trillion Btu.
Notes: * Industrial sector data are estimates, except for hydroelectric
power in 1949-1978 and 1989 forward, and wind. Transportation sector
data are estimates, except for biodiesel beginning in 2012. * Totals
may not equal sum of components due io independent rounding. *
Geographic coverage is the 50 states and the District of Columbia.
Web Page: See https://www.eia.gOv/totalenergy/data/monthly/#renewable
(Excel and CSV files) for all available annual data beginning in 1949
and monthly data beginning in 1973.
Sources: See end of section.
Table 10.2c Renewable Energy Consumption: Electric Power Sector
(Trillion Btu)
Hydro-
electric Geo-
Power (a) thermal (b) Solar (c) Wind (d)
1950 Total 1,346 NA NA NA
1955 Total 1,322 NA NA NA
1960 Total 1,569 (s) NA NA
1965 Total 2,026 2 NA NA
1970 Total 2,600 6 NA NA
1975 Total 3,122 34 NA NA
1980 Total 2,867 53 NA NA
1985 Total 2.937 97 (s) (s)
1990 Totals 3,014 161 4 29
1995 Total 3,149 138 5 33
2000 Total 2,768 144 5 57
2001 Total 2,209 142 6 70
2002 Total 2,650 147 6 105
2003 Total 2,749 146 5 113
2004 Total 2,655 148 6 142
2005 Total 2,670 147 6 178
2006 Total 2,839 145 5 264
2007 Total 2,430 145 6 341
2008 Total 2,494 146 9 546
2009 Total 2,650 146 9 721
2010 Total 2,521 148 12 923
2011 Total 3,085 149 17 1,167
2012 Total 2,606 148 40 1,339
2013 Total 2,529 151 83 1,600
2014 Total 2,454 151 165 1,726
2015 Total 2,308 148 228 1,776
2016 Total 2,459 146 328 2,094
2017 January 245 13 19 183
February 217 11 23 195
March 268 13 39 230
April 269 12 43 227
May 297 12 52 207
June 277 11 56 182
July 243 12 52 147
August 200 12 50 125
September 175 12 47 164
October 167 11 44 233
November 188 12 31 222
December 205 14 31 226
Total 2,752 147 486 2,341
2018 January 235 13 31 247
February 234 12 38 222
March 238 13 47 251
April 252 11 57 246
May 279 13 64 217
June 256 13 71 224
July 220 13 63 147
August 196 13 64 180
September 171 13 59 165
October 172 12 48 195
November 203 13 36 207
December 217 14 29 228
Total 2,673 154 607 2,530
2019 January 225 13 33 232
February 202 12 36 212
March 233 13 55 240
3-Month Total 660 38 124 683
2018 3-Month Total 706 38 116 720
2017 3-Month Total 730 37 81 608
Biomass
Wood (e) Waste (f) Total Total
1950 Total 5 NA 5 1,351
1955 Total 3 NA 3 1,325
1960 Total 2 NA 2 1,571
1965 Total 3 NA 3 2,031
1970 Total 1 2 4 2,609
1975 Total (s) 2 2 3,158
1980 Total 3 2 4 2,925
1985 Total 8 7 14 3.049
1990 Totals 129 188 317 3,524
1995 Total 125 296 422 3,747
2000 Total 134 318 453 3,427
2001 Total 126 211 337 2,763
2002 Total 150 230 380 3,288
2003 Total 167 230 397 3,411
2004 Total 165 223 388 3,339
2005 Total 185 221 406 3,406
2006 Total 182 231 412 3,665
2007 Total 186 237 423 3,345
2008 Total 177 258 435 3,630
2009 Total 180 261 441 3,967
2010 Total 196 264 459 4,064
2011 Total 182 255 437 4,855
2012 Total 190 262 453 4,586
2013 Total 207 262 470 4,833
2014 Total 251 279 530 5,026
2015 Total 244 281 525 4,985
2016 Total 224 281 505 5,531
2017 January 20 26 46 505
February 18 22 41 487
March 21 24 45 595
April 17 22 39 590
May 17 24 40 607
June 18 24 42 569
July 20 24 44 498
August 21 23 45 432
September 18 22 40 438
October 18 22 40 496
November 19 23 42 495
December 21 24 45 522
Total 229 280 510 6,235
2018 January 20 25 45 571
February 18 23 41 547
March 19 25 44 593
April 15 23 38 605
May 18 23 42 615
June 19 24 43 607
July 20 23 43 487
August 19 24 42 495
September 17 21 37 445
October 17 23 40 466
November 16 23 39 498
December 18 24 41 530
Total 215 280 495 6,459
2019 January 20 23 43 546
February 17 20 37 499
March 17 23 39 580
3-Month Total 54 66 120 1,625
2018 3-Month Total 57 73 130 1,711
2017 3-Month Total 60 72 132 1,587
(a) Conventional hydroelectricity net generation (converted to Btu by
multiplying by the total fossil fuels heat rate factors in Table A6).
(b) Geothermal electricity net generation (converted to Btu by
multiplying by the total fossil fuels heat rate factors in Table A6).
(c) Solar photovoltaic (PV) and solar thermal electricity net
generation in the electric power sector (converted to Btu by
multiplying by the total fossil fuels heat rate factors in Table A6).
See Table 10.5.
(d) Wind electricity net generation (converted to Btu by multiplying by
the total fossil fuels heat rate factors in Table A6).
(e) Wood and wood-derived fuels.
(f) Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge
waste, agricultural byproducts, and other biomass. Through 2000, also
includes non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste from non-biogenic
sources, and tire-derived fuels).
9 Through 1988, data are for electric utilities only. Beginning in
1989, data are for electric utilities and independent power producers.
NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.5 trillion Btu.
Notes: * The electric power sector comprises electricity-only and
combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS 22 category whose
primary business is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to
the public. * Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent
rounding. * Geographic coverage is the 50 states and the District of
Columbia.
Web Page: See https://www.eia.gOv/totalenergy/data/monthly/#renewable
(Excel and CSV files) for all available annual data beginning in 1949
and monthly data beginning in 1973.
Sources: Tables 7.2b, 7.4b, and A6.
Table 10.3 Fuel Ethanol Overview
Losses
Feed- and Co- Dena-
stock (a) products (b) turant (c) Production (d)
TBtu TBtu Mbbl Mbbl
1981 Total 13 6 40 1,978
1985 Total 93 42 294 14,693
1990 Total 111 49 356 17,802
1995 Total 198 86 647 32,325
2000 Total 233 99 773 38,627
2001 Total 253 108 841 42,028
2002 Total 307 130 1,019 50,956
2003 Total 400 168 1,335 66,772
2004 Total 482 201 1,621 81,058
2005 Total 550 227 1,859 92,961
2006 Total 683 280 2,326 116,294
2007 Total 907 368 3,105 155,263
2008 Total 1,286 518 4,433 221,637
2009 Total 1,503 602 5,688 260,424
2010 Total 1,823 726 6,506 316,617
2011 Total 1,904 754 6,649 331,646
2012 Total 1,801 709 6,264 314,714
2013 Total 1,805 707 6,181 316,493
2014 Total 1,938 755 6,476 340,781
2015 Total 1,998 774 6,636 352,553
2016 Total 2,072 798 6,920 366,981
2017 January 185 71 600 32,887
February 165 63 545 29,307
March 182 70 603 32,393
April 167 64 545 29,639
May 180 69 562 31,863
June 173 66 543 30,794
July 177 68 559 31,384
August 184 70 577 32,672
September 173 66 535 30,701
October 182 70 536 32,212
November 184 71 523 32,631
December 186 71 529 32,952
Total 2,138 819 6,657 379,435
2018 January 182 69 504 32,428
February 166 63 441 29,519
March 181 69 484 32,216
April 172 65 462 30,532
May 181 69 487 32,215
June 180 68 473 31,924
July 188 72 519 33,496
August 190 72 527 33,773
September 173 66 471 30,667
October 182 69 450 32,380
November 177 68 470 31,514
December 178 68 518 31,736
Total 2,152 819 5,806 382,400
2019 January 177 67 548 31,601
February 160 61 499 28,576
March 173 65 504 30,895
3-Month Total 510 193 1,551 91,072
2018 3-Month Total 530 202 1,429 94,163
2017 3-Month Total 532 204 1,748 94,587
Trade (d)
Net
lmports (e) Stocks (d,f)
MMgal TBtu Mbbl Mbbl
1981 Total 83 7 NA NA
1985 Total 617 52 NA NA
1990 Total 748 63 NA NA
1995 Total 1,358 115 387 2,186
2000 Total 1,622 138 116 3,400
2001 Total 1,765 150 315 4,298
2002 Total 2,140 182 306 6,200
2003 Total 2,804 238 292 5,978
2004 Total 3,404 289 3,542 6,002
2005 Total 3,904 331 3,234 5,563
2006 Total 4,884 414 17,408 8,760
2007 Total 6,521 553 10,457 10,535
2008 Total 9,309 790 12,610 14,226
2009 Total 10,938 928 4,720 16,594
2010 Total 13,298 1,127 -9,115 17,941
2011 Total 13,929 1,181 -24,365 18,238
2012 Total 13,218 1,120 -5,891 20,350
2013 Total 13,293 1,126 -5,761 16,424
2014 Total 14,313 1,212 -18,371 18,739
2015 Total 14,807 1,254 -17,632 21,596
2016 Total 15,413 1,306 -27,002 19,758
2017 January 1,381 117 -2,844 22,679
February 1,231 104 -3,605 23,195
March 1,361 115 -3,023 23,981
April 1,245 105 -1,918 23,671
May 1,338 113 -2,831 22,855
June 1,293 110 -2,045 21,770
July 1,318 112 -2,553 21,167
August 1,372 116 -2,029 21,186
September 1,289 109 -1,757 21,507
October 1,353 115 -2,419 21,663
November 1,371 116 -2,069 23,203
December 1,384 117 -4,175 23,043
Total 15,936 1,349 -31,268 23,043
2018 January 1,362 115 -2,104 24,229
February 1,240 105 -5,298 24,335
March 1,353 114 -5,122 22,883
April 1,282 108 -3,866 23,256
May 1,353 114 -2,280 22,636
June 1,341 113 -3,609 21,880
July 1,407 119 -2,487 22,802
August 1,418 120 -2,638 22,833
September 1,288 109 -2,106 24,422
October 1,360 115 -3,714 23,675
November 1,324 112 -3,384 23,679
December 1,333 113 -3,075 23,338
Total 16,061 1,359 -39,682 23,338
2019 January 1,327 112 -3,048 25,026
February 1,200 102 -2,715 24,448
March 1,298 110 -3,084 23,311
3-Month Total 3,825 324 -8,847 23,311
2018 3-Month Total 3,955 335 -12,523 22,883
2017 3-Month Total 3,973 336 -9,472 23,981
Stock
Change (d,g) Consumption (d)
Mbbl Mbbl MMgal TBtu
1981 Total NA 1,978 83 7
1985 Total NA 14,693 617 52
1990 Total NA 17,802 748 63
1995 Total -207 32,919 1,383 117
2000 Total -624 39,367 1,653 140
2001 Total 898 41,445 1,741 148
2002 Total 1,902 49,360 2,073 176
2003 Total -222 67,286 2,826 240
2004 Total 24 84,576 3,552 301
2005 Total -439 96,634 4,059 344
2006 Total 3,197 130,505 5,481 465
2007 Total 1,775 163,945 6,886 584
2008 Total 3,691 230,556 9,683 821
2009 Total 2,368 262,776 11,037 936
2010 Total 1,347 306,155 12,858 1,090
2011 Total 297 306,984 12,893 1,093
2012 Total 2,112 306,711 12,882 1,092
2013 Total -3,926 314,658 13,216 1,120
2014 Total 2,315 320,095 13,444 1,139
2015 Total 2,857 332,064 13,947 1,181
2016 Total -1,838 341,817 14,356 1,216
2017 January 2,921 27,122 1,139 96
February 516 25,186 1,058 90
March 786 28,584 1,201 102
April -310 28,031 1,177 100
May -816 29,848 1,254 106
June -1,085 29,834 1,253 106
July -603 29,434 1,236 105
August 19 30,624 1,286 109
September 321 28,623 1,202 102
October 156 29,637 1,245 105
November 1,540 29,022 1,219 103
December -160 28,937 1,215 103
Total 3,285 344,882 14,485 1,226
2018 January M,181 29,143 1,224 104
February 106 24,115 1,013 86
March -1,452 28,546 1,199 101
April 373 26,293 1,104 93
May -620 30,555 1,283 109
June -756 29,071 1,221 103
July 922 30,087 1,264 107
August 31 31,104 1,306 111
September 1,589 26,972 1,133 96
October -747 29,413 1,235 105
November 4 28,126 1,181 100
December -341 29,002 1,218 103
Total '290 342,428 14,382 1,217
2019 January 1,688 26,866 1,128 95
February -578 26,439 1,110 94
March -1,137 28,948 1,216 103
3-Month Total -27 82,252 3,455 292
2018 3-Month Total -165 81,805 3,436 291
2017 3-Month Total 4,223 80,892 3,397 288
Consumption
Minus
Denaturant (h)
TBtu
1981 Total 7
1985 Total 51
1990 Total 62
1995 Total 114
2000 Total 137
2001 Total 144
2002 Total 171
2003 Total 233
2004 Total 293
2005 Total 335
2006 Total 453
2007 Total 569
2008 Total 800
2009 Total 910
2010 Total 1,061
2011 Total 1,065
2012 Total 1,064
2013 Total 1,092
2014 Total 1,111
2015 Total 1,153
2016 Total 1,187
2017 January 94
February 87
March 99
April 97
May 104
June 104
July 102
August 106
September 100
October 103
November 101
December 101
Total 1,199
2018 January 102
February 84
March 100
April 92
May 106
June 101
July 105
August 108
September 94
October 103
November 98
December 101
Total 1,193
2019 January 93
February 92
March 101
3-Month Total 286
2018 3-Month Total 285
2017 3-Month Total 281
(a) Total corn and other biomass inputs to the production of
undenatured ethanol used for fuel ethanol.
(b) Losses and co-products from the production of fuel ethanol. Does
not include natural gas, electricity, and other non-biomass energy used
in the production of fuel ethanol--these are included in the industrial
sector consumption statistics for the appropriate energy source.
(c) The amount of denaturant in fuel ethanol produced.
(d) Includes denaturant.
(e) Through 2009, data are for fuel ethanol imports only; data for fuel
ethanol exports are not available. Beginning in 2010, data are for fuel
ethanol imports minus fuel ethanol (including industrial alcohol)
exports.
(f) Stocks are at end of period.
(g) A negative value indicates a decrease in stocks and a positive
value indicates an increase.
(h) Consumption of fuel ethanol minus denaturant. Data for fuel ethanol
minus denaturant are used to develop data for "Renewable Energy
/Biomass" in Tables 10.1-10.2b, as well as in Sections 1 and 2.
(i) Derived from the preliminary 2017 stocks value (23,048 thousand
barrels), not the final 2017 value (23,043 thousand barrels) that is
shown under "Stocks."
NA=Not available.
Notes: * Mbbl = thousand barrels. MMgal = million U.S. gallons. TBtu =
trillion Btu. * Fuel ethanol data in thousand barrels are converted to
million gallons by multiplying by 0.042, and are converted to Btu by
multiplying by the approximate heat content of fuel ethanol--see Table
A3. * Through 1980, data are not available. For 1981-1992, data are
estimates. For 1993-2008, only data for feedstock, losses and co
-products, and denaturant are estimates. Beginning in 2009, only data
for feedstock, and losses and co-products, are estimates. * See
"Denaturant," "Ethanol," "Fuel Ethanol," and "Fuel Ethanol Minus
Denaturant" in Glossary. * Totals may not equal sum of components due
to independent rounding. * Geographic coverage is the 50 states and the
District of Columbia.
Web Page: See https://www.eia.gOv/totalenergy/data/monthly/#renewable
(Excel and CSV files) for all available annual and monthly data
beginning in 1981.
Sources: See end of section.
Table 10.4 Biodiesel and Other Renewable Fuels Overview
Losses
Feed- and Coproducts (b)
stock (a) Production
TBtu TBtu Mbbl MMgal
2001 Total 1 (s) 204 9
2002 Total 1 (s) 250 10
2003 Total 2 (s) 338 14
2004 Total 4 (s) 666 28
2005 Total 12 (s) 2,162 91
2006 Total 32 (s) 5,963 250
2007 Total 63 1 11,662 490
2008 Total 88 1 16,145 678
2009 Total 67 1 12,281 516
2010 Total 44 1 8,177 343
2011 Total 125 2 23,035 967
2012 Total 128 2 23,588 991
2013 Total 176 2 32,368 1,359
2014 Total 165 2 30,452 1,279
2015 Total 163 2 30,080 1,263
2016 Total 203 3 37,327 1,568
2017 January 12 (s) 2,208 93
February 12 (s) 2,238 94
March 15 (s) 2,761 116
April 16 (s) 3,020 127
May 18 (s) 3,242 136
June 18 (s) 3,344 140
July 19 (s) 3,560 150
August 19 (s) 3,559 149
September 19 (s) 3,507 147
October 19 (s) 3,515 148
November 19 (s) 3,523 148
December 19 (s) 3,515 148
Total 206 3 37,993 1,596
2018 January 16 (s) 2,945 124
February 16 (s) 2,996 126
March 19 (s) 3,493 147
April 18 (s) 3,344 140
May 19 (s) 3,538 149
June 20 (s) 3,718 156
July 21 (s) 3,892 163
August 22 (s) 4,028 169
September 21 (s) 3,850 162
October 22 (s) 4,039 170
November 21 (s) 3,783 159
December 22 (s) 3,991 168
Total 237 3 43,616 1,832
2019 January 19 (s) 3,427 144
February 17 (s) 3,108 131
March 18 (s) 3,353 141
3-Month Total 54 1 9,888 415
2018 3-Month Total 51 1 9,434 396
2017 3-Month Total 39 1 7,207 303
Biodiesel
Trade
Net
Imports Exports Imports (c) Stocks (d)
TBtu Mbbl Mbbl Mbbl Mbbl
2001 Total 1 81 41 40 NA
2002 Total 1 197 57 140 NA
2003 Total 2 97 113 -17 NA
2004 Total 4 101 128 -27 NA
2005 Total 12 214 213 1 NA
2006 Total 32 1,105 856 250 NA
2007 Total 62 3,455 6,696 -3,241 NA
2008 Total 87 7,755 16,673 -8,918 NA
2009 Total 66 1,906 6,546 -4,640 711
2010 Total 44 564 2,588 -2,024 672
2011 Total 123 890 1,799 -908 2,005
2012 Total 126 853 3,056 -2,203 1,984
2013 Total 173 8,152 4,675 3,477 3,810
2014 Total 163 4,578 1,974 2,604 3,131
2015 Total 161 8,399 2,091 6,308 3,943
2016 Total 200 16,879 2,098 14,781 6,398
2017 January 12 241 42 199 6,397
February 12 549 59 490 6,475
March 15 650 136 514 6,189
April 16 681 283 398 5,706
May 17 948 239 709 4,909
June 18 1,736 226 1,510 5,052
July 19 1,670 453 1,217 5,405
August 19 1,582 387 1,195 5,356
September 19 205 100 105 4,849
October 19 386 217 169 4,485
November 19 222 49 173 4,233
December 19 504 35 469 4,268
Total 204 9,374 2,228 7,146 4,268
2018 January 16 246 102 144 4,557
February 16 146 103 43 4,924
March 19 457 255 202 4,916
April 18 308 217 91 4,681
May 19 325 382 -57 4,257
June 20 296 275 21 3,845
July 21 157 259 -102 3,583
August 22 281 263 18 3,412
September 21 277 190 87 3,360
October 22 468 188 280 3,647
November 20 416 156 260 4,056
December 21 536 61 475 4,684
Total 234 3,913 2,453 1,460 4,684
2019 January 18 308 72 236 5,377
February 17 267 92 175 5,509
March 18 509 240 269 5,371
3-Month Total 53 1,084 404 680 5,371
2018 3-Month Total 51 849 460 389 4,916
2017 3-Month Total 39 1,440 238 1,202 6,189
Other
Stock Renewable
Change (e) Consumption Fuels (f)
Mbbl Mbbl MMgal TBtu TBtu
2001 Total NA 244 10 1 NA
2002 Total NA 390 16 2 NA
2003 Total NA 322 14 2 NA
2004 Total NA 639 27 3 NA
2005 Total NA 2,163 91 12 NA
2006 Total NA 6,213 261 33 NA
2007 Total NA 8,422 354 45 NA
2008 Total NA 7,228 304 39 NA
2009 Total 711 a7,663 322 41 -
2010 Total -39 6,192 260 33 (s)
2011 Total h 1,028 21,099 886 113 1
2012 Total -20 21,406 899 115 1
2013 Total 1,825 34,020 1,429 182 30
2014 Total -679 33,735 1,417 181 28
2015 Total 813 35,575 1,494 191 33
2016 Total 2,455 49,653 2,085 266 34
2017 January (s) 2,407 101 13 3
February 78 2,650 111 14 3
March -286 3,561 150 19 3
April -484 3,901 164 21 3
May -797 4,748 199 25 3
June 144 4,711 198 25 4
July 353 4,424 186 24 2
August -49 4,803 202 26 2
September -507 4,119 173 22 2
October -364 4,047 170 22 2
November -252 3,948 166 21 1
December 35 3,949 166 21 2
Total -2,130 47,269 1,985 253 30
2018 January 1 -193 3,282 138 18 2
February 367 2,672 112 14 3
March -8 3,702 155 20 3
April -235 3,670 154 20 2
May -424 3,905 164 21 2
June -412 4,150 174 22 1
July -262 4,052 170 22 1
August -172 4,217 177 23 1
September -52 3,989 168 21 1
October 287 4,032 169 22 1
November 409 3,633 153 19 2
December 628 3,838 161 21 2
Total i-65 45,141 1,896 242 21
2019 January 692 2,971 125 16 2
February 133 3,150 132 17 2
March -138 3,760 158 20 2
3-Month Total 687 9,881 415 53 5
2018 3-Month Total 166 9,656 406 52 7
2017 3-Month Total -208 8,618 362 46 8
(a) Total vegetable oil and other biomass inputs to the production of
biodiesel--calculated by multiplying biodiesel production by 5.433
million Btu per barrel. See "Biodiesel Feedstock" entry in the "Thermal
Conversion Factor Source Documentation" at the end of Appendix A.
(b) Losses and co-products from the production of biodiesel. Does not
include natural gas, electricity, and other non-biomass energy used in
the production of biodiesel--these are included in the industrial
sector consumption statistics for the appropriate energy source.
(c) Net imports equal imports minus exports.
(d) Stocks are at end of period. Includes biodiesel stocks at (or in)
refineries, pipelines, and bulk terminals. Beginning in 2011, also
includes stocks at biodiesel production plants.
(e) A negative value indicates a decrease in stocks and a positive
value indicates an increase.
(f) Other renewable diesel fuel and other renewable fuels consumption.
See "Renewable Diesel Fuel (Other)" and "Renewable Fuels (Other)" in
Glossary.
(g) In 2009, because of incomplete data coverage and differing data
sources, a "Balancing Item" amount of 733 thousand barrels (653
thousand barrels in January 2009; 80 thousand barrels in February 2009)
is used to balance biodiesel supply and disposition.
(h) Derived from the final 2010 stocks value for bulk terminals and
biodiesel production plants (977 thousand barrels), not the final 2010
value for bulk terminals only (672 thousand barrels) that is shown
under "Stocks."
(l) Derived from the preliminary 2017 stocks value (4,750 thousand
barrels), not the final 2017 value (4,268 thousand barrels) that is
shown under "Stocks."
NA=Not available.--=No data reported. (s)=Less than 0.5 trillion Btu
and greater than -0.5 trillion Btu, or less than 500 barrels and
greater than -500 barrels.
Notes: * Mbbl = thousand barrels. MMgal = million U.S. gallons. TBtu =
trillion Btu. * Biodiesel data in thousand barrels are converted to
million gallons by multiplying by 0.042, and are converted to Btu by
multiplying by 5.359 million Btu per barrel (the approximate heat
content of biodiesel--see Table A1). * Through 2000, data are not
available. Beginning in 2001, data not from U.S. Energy Information
Administration (EIA) surveys are estimates. * Totals may not equal sum
of components due to independent rounding. * Geographic coverage is the
50 states and the District of Columbia.
Web Page: See https://www.eia.gOv/totalenergy/data/monthly/#renewable
(Excel and CSV files) for all available annual and monthly data
beginning in 2001.
Sources: See end of section.
Table 10.5 Solar Energy Consumption (Trillion Btu)
Residential
Heat (t) Sector
1985 Total NA NA
1990 Total 55 (s)
1995 Total 63 (s)
2000 Total 57 (s)
2001 Total 55 (s)
2002 Total 53 1
2003 Total 51 1
2004 Total 50 1
2005 Total 49 1
2006 Total 51 2
2007 Total 53 2
2008 Total 54 4
2009 Total 55 5
2010 Total 56 9
2011 Total 58 13
2012 Total 59 20
2013 Total 61 31
2014 Total 62 47
2015 Total 63 65
2016 Total 63 98
2017 January 3 6
February 4 7
March 5 11
April 6 12
May 7 13
June 7 14
July 7 14
August 7 13
September 6 12
October 5 11
November 4 8
December 4 8
Total 65 128
2018 January 4 8
February 4 9
March 5 13
April 6 15
May 7 16
June 7 17
July 7 17
August 7 16
September 6 14
October 5 13
November 4 10
December 4 9
Total 66 158
2019 January 4 10
February 4 11
March 5 16
3-Month Total 13 38
2018 3-Month Total 13 31
2017 3-Month Total 12 24
Distributed (a) Solar Energy (b)
Electricity (d)
Commercial Industrial
Sector Sector Total Totals
1985 Total NA NA NA NA
1990 Total (s) (s) (s) 55
1995 Total (s) (s) 1 63
2000 Total 1 (s) 1 58
2001 Total 1 (s) 1 56
2002 Total 1 (s) 2 54
2003 Total 1 (s) 2 53
2004 Total 1 (s) 2 53
2005 Total 2 (s) 3 52
2006 Total 3 1 5 56
2007 Total 4 1 7 60
2008 Total 6 1 11 66
2009 Total 8 2 15 69
2010 Total 12 3 24 79
2011 Total 20 4 37 95
2012 Total 32 7 59 118
2013 Total 38 9 78 138
2014 Total 49 11 107 169
2015 Total 53 14 132 195
2016 Total 57 19 174 237
2017 January 4 1 11 15
February 4 1 13 16
March 6 2 18 24
April 6 2 20 26
May 7 2 22 29
June 7 2 23 30
July 7 2 24 30
August 7 2 23 30
September 7 2 21 27
October 6 2 18 24
November 5 1 14 19
December 5 1 14 18
Total 71 22 221 286
2018 January 5 1 15 18
February 6 1 16 20
March 7 2 22 28
April 8 2 25 31
May 9 2 28 34
June 9 2 28 35
July 10 3 29 36
August 9 2 28 35
September 8 2 25 31
October 7 2 22 27
November 6 2 18 22
December 5 1 16 20
Total 90 24 272 338
2019 January 6 2 18 21
February 6 2 19 23
March 9 2 27 33
3-Month Total 21 6 64 77
2018 3-Month Total 18 5 53 66
2017 3-Month Total 14 4 42 55
Utlity-Scale (c) Solar Energy (b)
Electricity (e)
Electric
Commercial Industrial Power
Sector (h) Sector (i) Sector (j) Total Total (k)
1985 Total NA NA (s) (s) (s)
1990 Total - - 4 4 59
1995 Total - - 5 5 68
2000 Total - - 5 5 63
2001 Total - - 6 6 62
2002 Total - - 6 6 60
2003 Total - - 5 5 58
2004 Total - - 6 6 58
2005 Total - - 6 6 58
2006 Total - - 5 5 61
2007 Total - - 6 6 66
2008 Total (s) - 9 9 74
2009 Total (s) - 9 9 78
2010 Total (s) (s) 12 12 91
2011 Total 1 (s) 17 18 112
2012 Total 1 (s) 40 41 159
2013 Total 3 (s) 83 86 225
2014 Total 4 (s) 165 168 337
2015 Total 4 (s) 228 232 427
2016 Total 5 (s) 328 333 570
2017 January (s) (s) 19 19 34
February (s) (s) 23 24 40
March (s) (s) 39 39 63
April (s) (s) 43 43 69
May (s) (s) 52 52 81
June 1 (s) 56 57 87
July 1 (s) 52 53 83
August 1 (s) 50 50 80
September (s) (s) 47 47 74
October (s) (s) 44 44 68
November (s) (s) 31 31 50
December (s) (s) 31 31 49
Total 5 (s) 486 491 777
2018 January (s) (s) 31 31 50
February (s) (s) 38 38 58
March (s) (s) 47 48 76
April 1 (s) 57 58 89
May 1 (s) 64 65 100
June 1 (s) 71 72 107
July 1 (s) 63 64 100
August 1 (s) 64 64 99
September 1 (s) 59 60 90
October (s) (s) 48 48 76
November (s) (s) 36 36 58
December (s) (s) 29 29 50
Total 6 1 607 614 951
2019 January (s) (s) 33 34 55
February (s) (s) 36 36 59
March (s) (s) 55 55 88
3-Month Total 1 (s) 124 125 202
2018 3-Month Total 1 (s) 116 117 184
2017 3-Month Total 1 (s) 81 81 136
(a) Data are estimates for distributed (small-scale) facilities
(combined generator nameplate capacity less than 1 megawatt).
(b) See "Photovoltaic Energy" and "Solar Thermal Energy" in Glossary.
(c) Data are for utility-scale facilities (combined generator nameplate
capacity of 1 megawatt or more).
(d) Solar photovoltaic (PV) electricity generation at distributed
(small-scale) facilities connected to the electric power grid
(converted to Btu by multiplying by the fossil fuels heat rate factors
in Table A6).
(e) Solar photovoltaic (PV) and solar thermal electricity net
generation at utility-scale facilities (converted to Btu by multiplying
by the fossil fuels heat rate factors in Table A6).
(f) Solar thermal direct use energy in the residential, commercial, and
industrial sectors for all end uses, such as pool heating, hot water
heating, and space heating.
(g) Data are the sum of "Distributed Solar Energy Heat" and
"Distributed Solar Energy Electricity."
(h) Commercial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and commercial electricity
-only plants. See Note 2, "Classification of Power Plants Into Energy
-Use Sectors," at end of Section 7.
(i) Industrial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and industrial electricity
-only plants. See Note 2, "Classification of Power Plants Into Energy
-Use Sectors," at end of Section 7.
(j) Electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within
the NAICS 22 category whose primary business is to sell electricity, or
electricity and heat, to the public. Through 1988, data are for
electric utilities only; beginning in 1989, data are for electric
utilities and independent power producers.
(k) Data are the sum of "Distributed Solar Energy Total" and "Utility
-Scale Solar Energy Total."
NA=Not available. -=No data reported. (s)=Less than 0.5 trillion Btu.
Notes: * Distributed (small-scale) solar energy data for all years, and
utility-scale solar energy data for the current two years, are
estimates. * Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent
rounding. * Geographic coverage is the 50 states and the District of
Columbia.
Web Page: See https://www.eia.gOv/totalenergy/data/monthly/#renewable
(Excel and CSV files) for all available annual and monthly data
beginning in 1984.
Sources: See end of section.
Table 10.6 Solar Electricity Net Generation (Million Kilowatthours)
Distributed (a) Solar Generation (b)
Residential Commercial Industrial
Sector Sector Sector Total
1985 Total NA NA NA NA
1990 Total 12 18 4 33
1995 Total 20 30 7 58
2000 Total 39 59 13 110
2001 Total 47 71 16 134
2002 Total 56 84 19 158
2003 Total 65 98 22 185
2004 Total 81 121 27 229
2005 Total 121 182 40 344
2006 Total 177 266 59 501
2007 Total 250 375 83 708
2008 Total 401 603 133 1,137
2009 Total 539 810 179 1,529
2010 Total 900 1,237 274 2,411
2011 Total 1,358 2,020 447 3,825
2012 Total 2,058 3,351 742 6,151
2013 Total 3,217 4,024 891 8,132
2014 Total 4,947 5,146 1,139 11,233
2015 Total 6,999 5,689 1,451 14,139
2016 Total 10,595 6,158 2,060 18,812
2017 January 703 420 123 1,246
February 789 458 137 1,384
March 1,147 629 197 1,972
April 1,283 699 213 2,195
May 1,415 770 239 2,423
June 1,469 777 241 2,487
July 1,495 808 252 2,555
August 1,446 788 246 2,480
September 1,293 709 223 2,225
October 1,157 632 201 1,990
November 904 502 156 1,561
December 841 492 138 1,472
Total 13,942 7,685 2,364 23,990
2018 January 922 547 146 1,615
February 1,008 599 154 1,762
March 1,394 813 220 2,427
April 1,596 900 240 2,736
May 1,758 986 266 3,010
June 1,793 999 267 3,060
July 1,839 1,032 276 3,147
August 1,762 989 268 3,018
September 1,545 890 245 2,681
October 1,391 786 223 2,400
November 1,114 624 176 1,914
December 1,025 591 159 1,774
Total 17,146 9,756 2,641 29,543
2019 January 1,122 647 168 1,938
February 1,219 688 178 2,085
March 1,754 959 255 2,968
3-Month Total 4,096 2,294 601 6,991
2018 3-Month Total 3,325 1,959 520 5,804
2017 3-Month Total 2,639 1,507 456 4,603
Utility-Scale (c) Solar Generation (b)
Electric
Commercial Industrial Power
Sector (d) Sector (e) Sector (f) Total Total
1985 Total NA NA 11 11 11
1990 Total - - 367 367 400
1995 Total - - 497 497 554
2000 Total - - 493 493 604
2001 Total - - 543 543 676
2002 Total - - 555 555 713
2003 Total - - 534 534 719
2004 Total - - 575 575 804
2005 Total - - 550 550 894
2006 Total - - 508 508 1,009
2007 Total - - 612 612 1,319
2008 Total (s) - 864 864 2,002
2009 Total (s) - 891 891 2,420
2010 Total 5 2 1,206 1,212 3,623
2011 Total 84 7 1,727 1,818 5,643
2012 Total 148 14 4,164 4,327 10,478
2013 Total 294 17 8,724 9,036 17,167
2014 Total 371 16 17,304 17,691 28,924
2015 Total 416 21 24,456 24,893 39,032
2016 Total 529 27 35,497 36,054 54,866
2017 January 17 1 2,011 2,030 3,276
February 27 2 2,526 2,555 3,939
March 42 3 4,200 4,245 6,218
April 46 4 4,646 4,696 6,891
May 53 4 5,605 5,663 8,086
June 61 5 6,109 6,175 8,662
July 58 5 5,690 5,753 8,308
August 55 5 5,374 5,434 7,914
September 52 4 5,059 5,115 7,340
October 47 4 4,771 4,821 6,811
November 34 3 3,372 3,409 4,970
December 29 3 3,358 3,389 4,861
Total 521 42 52,723 53,286 77,276
2018 January 28 4 3,375 3,407 5,022
February 35 5 4,072 4,113 5,875
March 45 7 5,151 5,203 7,630
April 57 8 6,183 6,249 8,984
May 65 9 6,995 7,070 10,080
June 81 11 7,712 7,804 10,863
July 68 9 6,861 6,938 10,085
August 70 11 6,900 6,981 9,999
September 66 10 6,393 6,469 9,150
October 50 8 5,165 5,223 7,624
November 34 6 3,918 3,958 5,873
December 28 4 3,156 3,188 4,962
Total 629 92 65,882 66,604 96,147
2019 January 31 5 3,616 3,652 5,590
February 33 5 3,875 3,913 5,999
March 53 8 5,959 6,020 8,988
3-Month Total 117 18 13,450 13,585 20,576
2018 3-Month Total 109 17 12,598 12,723 18,528
2017 3-Month Total 86 6 8,738 8,831 13,433
(a) Data are estimates for solar photovoltaic (PV) electricity
generation at small-scale facilities (combined generator nameplate
capacity less than 1 megawatt) connected to the electric power grid.
(b) See "Photovoltaic Energy" and "Solar Thermal Energy" in Glossary.
(c) Solar photovoltaic (PV) and solar thermal electricity net
generation at utility-scale facilities (combined generator nameplate
capacity of 1 megawatt or more).
(d) Commercial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and commercial electricity
-only plants. See Note 2, "Classification of Power Plants Into Energy
-Use Sectors," at end of Section 7.
(e) Industrial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and industrial electricity
-only plants. See Note 2, "Classification of Power Plants Into Energy
-Use Sectors," at end of Section 7.
(f) Electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within
the NAICS 22 category whose primary business is to sell electricity, or
electricity and heat, to the public. Through 1988, data are for
electric utilities only; beginning in 1989, data are for electric
utilities and independent power producers.
NA=Not available.--=No data reported. (s)=Less than 0.5 million
kilowatthours. Notes: * Distributed (small-scale) solar generation data
for all years, and utility-scale solar energy data for the current two
years, are estimates. * Totals may not equal sum of components due to
independent rounding. * Geographic coverage is the 50 states and the
District of Columbia.
Web Page: See https://www.eia.gOv/totalenergy/data/monthly/#renewable
(Excel and CSV files) for all available annual and monthly data
beginning in 1984.
Sources: * Distributed Solar Generation: 1989-2013--Calculated as
distributed solar energy consumption (see Table 10.5) divided by the
total fossil fuels heat rate factors (see Table A6). 2014 forward--U.S.
Energy Information Administration (EIA), Electric Power Monthly,
monthly reports, Tables 1.1, 1.2.C, 1.2.D, and 1.2.E. * Utility-Scale
Solar Generation: 1984-1988--EIA, Form EIA-759, "Monthly Power Plant
Report." 1989-1997: EIA, Form EIA-759, "Monthly Power Plant Report,"
and Form EIA-867, "Annual Nonutility Power Producer Report." 1998-2000:
EIA, Form EIA-759, "Monthly Power Plant Report," and Form EIA-860B,
"Annual Electric Generator Report--Nonutility." 2001-2003: EIA, Form
EIA-906, "Power Plant Report." 2004-2007: EIA, Form EIA-906, "Power
Plant Report," and Form EIA-920, "Combined Heat and Power Plant
Report." 2008 forward: EIA, Form EIA-923, "Power Plant Operations
Report." * Total: Calculated as distributed solar generation plus
utility-scale solar generation.
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| Publication: | Monthly Energy Review |
|---|---|
| Date: | Jun 1, 2019 |
| Words: | 16513 |
| Previous Article: | 8. Nuclear Energy. |
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