Kieliszewska-Rokicka, "Effect of
ectomycorrhiza on Cu and Pb accumulation in leaves and roots of silver birch (Betula pendula Roth.) seedlings grown in metal-contaminated soil," Water, Air and Soil Pollution, vol.
Ectomycorrhiza formation is essential for the survival and growth of Pinus species.
Involvement of reactive oxygen species during early stages of
ectomycorrhiza between Castanea sativa and Pisolithus tinctorius.
incana to Pinus sylvestris influenced by macronutrients and
ectomycorrhiza. New Phytologist 131:453-459.
Onguene NA, Kuyper TW (2002) Importance of the ectomycorrhizal network for seedling survival and
ectomycorrhiza formation in rain forests of south Cameroon.
The taxonomic position of plant and fungal partners defines the types of mycorrhiza, the main distinction of which is between endomycorrhiza and
ectomycorrhiza. Generally speaking, the fungal hyphae in endomycorrhiza penetrate the root cells to establish an intracellular symbiosis, whereas in
ectomycorrhiza the hyphae remain extracellular.
There are two types of mycorrhizae: endomycorrhiza, in which the fungus penetrates the cells of the root, and
ectomycorrhiza, in which the fungus grows between the cells and covers the root.
Of the seven types of mycorrhizae described (arbuscular, arbutoid,
ectomycorrhiza, ectendo, ericoid, monotropoid, and orchidaceous), both arbuscular (AM) and ectomycorrhizae (ECM) are reported to be the most abundant and widespread in forest communities (Smith & Read, 2008; Taylor & Alexander, 2005).
Effects of phosphorus and
ectomycorrhiza on maritime pine seedlings (Pinus pinaster).
Thus, Chinese pines must increase their bioavailable C inputs to
ectomycorrhiza in exchange for P in order to increase soil labile carbon and subsequently P (Read and Perez-Moreno 2003; Hobbic and Hobbie 2006).
and Soderstrom, B.:
Ectomycorrhiza mycelium reduces bacterial activity in a sandy soil; FEMS Microbio.
Funada, and T Koike, "In vitro
ectomycorrhiza formation on two larch species of seedlings with six different fungal species," Eurasian Journal of Forest Research, vol.