Two surfactants were used as received, including an ionic type, sodium lauryl ether sulfate (SLES or laureth), commercial aqueous solution with 23% active content (w/w), from Garden Ltd.; and a nonionic surfactant, Renex, commercial aqueous solution with 27% (w/w) active content of nonylphenol ethoxylate, from Oxiteno.
7) Tannin treatment with non-ionic surfactant generally gave better results of stability than the ionic type.
When the external condition, such as, pH value,
ionic type, and ionic strength of swelling medium changes, the swelling behavior of superabsorbent changes correspondingly.
Following chemical analyzing, it was ascertain that basaltic materials are mixtures of binary oxide with a variant perceptual structure containing between a maximum 52% for Silicon oxide and a minimum of 2% for Titanium oxide, as shown in Table 1, similar values than pit his estimations by Chais (Becherescu, 1982; 1987), and a diversified of structural links of covalent--ionic type for Si and Al elements, of
ionic type for alkaline metals (Na; K) and alkaline (Mg; Ca), and metallic type (Fe; Ti).
The desired chemical reaction taking place at the rubber/ brass plated steel cord interface during the tire vulcanization may be considered a mixed ionic, covalent chemical reaction with the rubber carbon sulfur linkage being a relatively slow covalent type reaction and the sulfur copper linkage being a fast
ionic type reaction.
According to Symrise, Symdiol 68 is a good skin moisturizer, has broad spectrum antimicrobial activity and is compatible with all pH and temperature levels and all
ionic types. There are no interactions with other cosmetic ingredients and formulated products can make "no preservative" claims.