Alcoholate

The efficiency depends upon the diffusion or penetration of alkali catalyst and etherifying agent into starch granules and the chances of collisions of the starch alcoholate nucleophile with the propylene oxide molecule.

Humic compounds and organic acids, which are contained in compost, are contain functional groups that have negative charged, such as: -COOH, -OH phenolate, and -OH alcoholate [2], so that they can bind cations, such as A1 and Fe.

For example, polyol-mediated preparation of nanoscale oxides can carry out by dissolving a suitable metal precursor (acetate, alcoholate, and halogenide) in diethylene glycol or other polyalcohol with assisted of heterogeneous catalyst supported Ti[O.sub.2].