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    Unit 3 Abnormal Psychology

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    Mohammed Sani
    Modern classification systems like the DSM and ICD are used to assess and diagnose abnormal behavior. They enable clinicians to evaluate individuals, determine appropriate treatment, and assess progress. The DSM uses a multiaxial system to classify mental disorders on several axes including clinical disorders, personality disorders, medical conditions, psychosocial stressors, and level of functioning. The DSM has evolved over time, with each new edition expanding the number of recognized disorders based on increased knowledge, though some argue this reflects an "invention" rather than true discovery of new conditions.

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    Unit 3 Abnormal Psychology

    Uploaded by

    Mohammed Sani
    43 views12 pages
    Modern classification systems like the DSM and ICD are used to assess and diagnose abnormal behavior. They enable clinicians to evaluate individuals, determine appropriate treatment, and assess progress. The DSM uses a multiaxial system to classify mental disorders on several axes including clinical disorders, personality disorders, medical conditions, psychosocial stressors, and level of functioning. The DSM has evolved over time, with each new edition expanding the number of recognized disorders based on increased knowledge, though some argue this reflects an "invention" rather than true discovery of new conditions.

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    Abnormal Psychology

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    Modern classification systems like the DSM and ICD are used to assess and diagnose abnormal behavior. They enable clinicians to evaluate individuals, determine appropriate treatment, and assess progress. The DSM uses a multiaxial system to classify mental disorders on several axes including clinical disorders, personality disorders, medical conditions, psychosocial stressors, and level of functioning. The DSM has evolved over time, with each new edition expanding the number of recognized disorders based on increased knowledge, though some argue this reflects an "invention" rather than true discovery of new conditions.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    43 views12 pages

    Unit 3 Abnormal Psychology

    Uploaded by

    Mohammed Sani
    Modern classification systems like the DSM and ICD are used to assess and diagnose abnormal behavior. They enable clinicians to evaluate individuals, determine appropriate treatment, and assess progress. The DSM uses a multiaxial system to classify mental disorders on several axes including clinical disorders, personality disorders, medical conditions, psychosocial stressors, and level of functioning. The DSM has evolved over time, with each new edition expanding the number of recognized disorders based on increased knowledge, though some argue this reflects an "invention" rather than true discovery of new conditions.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 12

    Chapter 3

    Modern classification of Abnormal Behavior


    Modern classification of AB

    • Clinical assessment is used to determine how and why a


    person is behaving abnormally and how that person may
    be helped.

    • It also enables clinicians to evaluate people’s progress


    after they have been in treatment for a while and decide
    whether the treatment should be changed.

    • The specific tools that are used to do an assessment


    depend on the clinician’s theoretical orientation
    Modern classification of AB

    Purpose of classification
    1. Communication

    2.Control or prevention

    3. Description : identification of presence of a disorder

    4.Distinction

    5.Psychoeducation

    6.Prognosis/ prediction.

    • Nosology : The science of classifying abnormal patterns of


    behavior and experience.
    CLASSIFYING ABNORMAL BEHAVIOR

    • Currently, two diagnostic systems for mental disorders are


    widely recognized.

    • One—the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM)—is


    published by the American Psychiatric Association.

    • The other—the International Statistical Classification of


    Diseases & Related Health Problems (ICD)—is published by
    the World Health Organization.
    Difference between ICD & DSM

    ICD DSM

    1. International classification
    1. National classification
    2. Several versions and languages
    2. Single version & language
    3. Alphanumerical coding
    3. Numerical coding
    4. 10 major categories
    4. 17 major categories
    5. Single axis
    5. Multiaxial evaluation.
    CLASSIFYING ABNORMAL BEHAVIOR

    • DSM I (1952) 108 disorders


    • DSM II (1968) 182 disorders
    • Highly psychoanalytic
    • Little emphasis on description
    • Doubtful validity and reliability
    • DSM III (1980) 265 disorders
    • DSM III- R (1987)
    • DSM IV (1994) & DSM IV-TR (2000) 297 disorders
    • This ever increasing number of officially identified
    mental disorders reflects
    • 1. Over vastly increased knowledge about psychopathology
    • 2. Critics argue that the proliferation of new diagnoses reflects
    the “Invention” rather than “Discovery” of new disorders.
    The DSM A Multiaxial Classification System

    • Axis I:
    • Clinical Disorders:
    • Behaviors that impair functioning and cause the
    individual stress
    • Includes all mental disorders other than personality
    disorders and mental retardation
    The DSM-IV-TR: A Multiaxial Classification System

    • Axis II
    • Personality Disorders
    • Overly rigid patterns of behavior and ways of
    relating to others
    • Mental Retardation
    • Delayed/impaired development of intellectual
    and/or adaptive abilities
    The DSM-IV-TR: A Multiaxial Classification System

    • Axis III
    • General Medical Conditions
    • Is for reporting current medical conditions
    that are related to the mental disorder(s)
    • Cancer  depression
    • Tumors  antisocial tendencies
    The DSM-IV-TR: A Multiaxial Classification System

    • Axis IV
    • Psychosocial & Environmental Problems
    • May effect the diagnosis, treatment or prognosis
    • Some listings
    • Problems with primary support group (death of a loved one,
    parental divorce, etc.)
    • Problems related to social environment (difficulty with
    acculturation, discrimination, loss/death of a friend, etc.)
    • Housing and/or economic problems (homeless, unsafe
    neighborhood, insufficient welfare support, etc.)
    • Problems with access to health care services
    The DSM-IV-TR: A Multiaxial Classification System

    • Axis V
    • Global Assessment of Functioning
    • Reports the clinician’s judgment of the individual’s
    overall level of functioning
    • Allows for the tracking of clinical progress
    • Pertains only to psychological, social and
    occupational functioning
    134 page
    182
    disorder
    Editions of DSM 1968

    494 pages
    265
    disorders
    1980

    567 pages
    265 disorder
    1987

    886 pages
    365 disorders
    1994

    943 pages
    365 disorders
    2000

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