Apsa Citation and Reference Format

APSA Style Manual for Political Science
 
 
A citation is the information needed to
locate the article or (book) you are
interested in reading. They are also
used to help readers of your papers go
to the information you used.
(Oregon State University 2013)
 It acknowledges the contributions of other authors in terms of
ideas to one’s work
 It is a way to provide evidence in support of one’s assertions
 It allows readers to trace the location of the sources one uses in

his/her study.
 TO AVOID PLAGIARISM
Source: University of New South Wales 2005

BOOKS ELECTRONIC
SOURCES
JOURNAL NEWSPAPER
ARTICLES ARTICLES
UNPUBLISHED MAGAZINE
WORKS ARTICLES
OLDER WORKS INTERVIEWS
GOVERNMENT TABLES AND

DOCUMENTS FIGURES
FORMATTING IS IMPORTANT!!!
BEWARE OF:
- Commas
- Periods
- Semicolons
- Spaces
- Quotation marks
- Italics
(author date)
(author 1, author 2, and author 3 date)
(author et al. date)

SEQUENCE OF AUTHORS WHOSE WORKS FORM A
PROGRESSION OF IDEAS THROUGH TIME IN THE TEXT
Hare 1965, Singer 1963, …
WHEN MORE THAN ONE STUDY IS CITED:

(Confucius 1951; Gurdjieff 1950; Wanisaburo
1926)
(Confucius 1951; see also Gurdjieff 1950,

Wanisaburo 1926, and Zeller 1914)
IF TWO OR MORE AUTHORS HAVE THE SAME LAST
NAME
(B. Ripley 1988; R. Ripley 1964)
TWO WORKS BY THE SAME AUTHOR

(Barbarosa 1973; 1978)
WORKS BY THE SAME AUTHOR ARE ALSO PUBLISHED
IN THE SAME YEAR
(Frankly 1957a; 1957b)
PAGES, CHAPTERS, AND SO FORTH FOLLOW THE

DATE
Beaute (1975, 121–25)
(Rex et al. 1985, chaps. 6, 7)

FOR REPRINTS
(Marx and Engels [1933] 1964, 25)
FOR BOOKS WITH STANDARD SUBDIVISIONS

OF THE WORK: VOLUME, CHAPTER, AND
PARAGRAPH
(Thucydides, Peloponnesian War 2.40.2-3)
CONGRESSIONAL REPORTS AND DOCUMENTS
(Budget and Impoundment Act 1987)
LEGAL CASES
(Baker v. Carr 1962)
 SIMILAR TO BOOK CITATIONS
(Bruckman 1994)
(King, Tomz, and Wittenberg 1998)
(Juandela Cruz, personal interview,
September 24, 2014, Quezon City)
 PRINT VERSION
Daniel F. Cuff, “Forging a New Shape for Steel,” New
York Times, 26 May, 1985.
 WEB VERSION
Vernon Loeb, “Fallout from a CIA Affidavit,” Washington
Post, www.washingtonpost.com/wpdynnation/A1998-
2000Apr23.html (accessed April 23, 2000).
 
Author. Year published. Title. City:
Publisher.
Or
Author. Year published. Title. City:
Publisher: Page numbers
 Sorauf, Frank J., and Paul Allen Beck. 1988. Party Politics in
America. 6th ed. Glenview, IL: Scott, Foresman.
 Ball, Terence, James Farr, and Russell L. Hanson, eds.

1988. Political Innovation and Conceptual Change. New
York: Cambridge University Press.
 Hermann, Margaret G. 1984. “Personality and Foreign

Policy Decision Making: A Study of Fifty-Three Heads of
Government.” In Foreign Policy Decision Making, eds.
Donald A. Sylvan and Steve Chan. New York: Praeger, 133–
152.
 MULTIVOLUME WORK
Foucault, Michel. 1980. The History of Sexuality. 2 vols.
Trans. Robert Hurley. New York: Vintage Books.
Foucault, Michel. 1980. The Use of Pleasure. Vol. 2 of The

History of Sexuality. Trans. Robert Hurley. New York:
Vintage Books.
 Aldrich, John H. 1980. “A Dynamic Model of
Presidential Nomination Campaigns.” American
Political Science Review 74 (September): 651–
69.
 Browning, Tonya. 1997. “Embedded Visuals:

Student Design in Web Spaces.” Kairos: A
Journal for Teachers of Writing in Webbed
Environment 3 (1). https://english.ttu.edu/-
kairos/2.1/features/browning/index.html
(Accessed October 21, 1997).
 Munger, Frank J. 1955. “Two-Party Politics in the
State of Indiana.” Ph.D. diss. [or Master’s thesis.]
Harvard University.
 Mefford, Dwain, and Brian Ripley. 1987. “The

Cognitive Foundation of Regime Theory.” Presented
at the Annual Meeting of the American Political
Science Association, Chicago.
 U.S.Congress. Senate. 1934. Report of the Federal
Trade Commission on Utility Corporations. 70th
Cong., 1st sess., S. Doc. 92, pt. 71A.
 U.S. Department of State. 1963. Nuclear Weapons

Test Ban, 5 August. TIAS no. 5433. U.S. Treaties
and Other International Agreements, vol. 14, pt. 3.
 King, Gary, Michael Tomz, and Jason Wittenberg.
1998. “Making the Most of Statistical Analyses:
Improving Interpretation and Presentation.”
September 7. https://gking.harvard.edu/
preprints.shtml (October 22, 1998).
 Prufer,Olaf. 1964. “The Hopewell Cult”.
Scientific American, December, 13-15.
Table 1. Table Style in Journal
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Figure 1. Figure Style in Journal
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APSA Style Manual for Political Science

 It is a way to provide evidence in support of one’s assertions

 It allows readers to trace the location of the sources one uses in

Source: University of New South Wales 2005

OLDER WORKS INTERVIEWS

GOVERNMENT TABLES AND

(author 1, author 2, and author 3 date)

(author et al. date)

WHEN MORE THAN ONE STUDY IS CITED:

(Confucius 1951; see also Gurdjieff 1950,

TWO WORKS BY THE SAME AUTHOR

PAGES, CHAPTERS, AND SO FORTH FOLLOW THE

(Rex et al. 1985, chaps. 6, 7)

FOR BOOKS WITH STANDARD SUBDIVISIONS

 Ball, Terence, James Farr, and Russell L. Hanson, eds.

 Hermann, Margaret G. 1984. “Personality and Foreign

Foucault, Michel. 1980. The Use of Pleasure. Vol. 2 of The

 Browning, Tonya. 1997. “Embedded Visuals:

 Mefford, Dwain, and Brian Ripley. 1987. “The

 U.S. Department of State. 1963. Nuclear Weapons

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