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    11 Momentum Transfer

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    John Bryan Aldovino
    Jet ejectors use a high velocity stream of one fluid to entrain and move another fluid without moving parts. They are commonly used in industry with steam to create a vacuum. While requiring little maintenance, they use large amounts of steam and are not effective at producing high vacuums below 1mmHg. Mechanical vacuum pumps have replaced them as they are more energy efficient. Jet ejectors transfer momentum from a high velocity fluid stream to entrain another fluid through venturi effect in a converging-diverging nozzle.

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    11 Momentum Transfer

    Uploaded by

    John Bryan Aldovino
    46 views10 pages
    Jet ejectors use a high velocity stream of one fluid to entrain and move another fluid without moving parts. They are commonly used in industry with steam to create a vacuum. While requiring little maintenance, they use large amounts of steam and are not effective at producing high vacuums below 1mmHg. Mechanical vacuum pumps have replaced them as they are more energy efficient. Jet ejectors transfer momentum from a high velocity fluid stream to entrain another fluid through venturi effect in a converging-diverging nozzle.

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    Lecture

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    Jet ejectors use a high velocity stream of one fluid to entrain and move another fluid without moving parts. They are commonly used in industry with steam to create a vacuum. While requiring little maintenance, they use large amounts of steam and are not effective at producing high vacuums below 1mmHg. Mechanical vacuum pumps have replaced them as they are more energy efficient. Jet ejectors transfer momentum from a high velocity fluid stream to entrain another fluid through venturi effect in a converging-diverging nozzle.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    46 views10 pages

    11 Momentum Transfer

    Uploaded by

    John Bryan Aldovino
    Jet ejectors use a high velocity stream of one fluid to entrain and move another fluid without moving parts. They are commonly used in industry with steam to create a vacuum. While requiring little maintenance, they use large amounts of steam and are not effective at producing high vacuums below 1mmHg. Mechanical vacuum pumps have replaced them as they are more energy efficient. Jet ejectors transfer momentum from a high velocity fluid stream to entrain another fluid through venturi effect in a converging-diverging nozzle.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
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    MOMENTUM TRANSFER

    Dimaapi, Brad Angelo V.


    JET EJECTORS
    An important kind of vacuum pump that does not
    use moving parts, in which the fluid to be moves is
    entrained in a high-velocity stream of a second
    fluid
    Industrially greatest use is made of steam-jet
    ejectors, which are valuable for drawing a fairly
    high vacuum
    Require very little attention and maintenance and
    are especially valuable with corrosive gases that
    would damage mechanical vacuum pumps
    JET EJECTORS
    Ejectors, particularly when multistage, use large
    quantities of steam and water. They are rarely used
    to produce absolute pressures below 1mmHg
    No longer popular as they were because of the
    great increase in cost of steam.
    Replaced by mechanical vacuum pumps, which
    use much less energy of the same service
    As shown in the figure steam is admitted to a converging-diverging nozzle, from
    which it issues at supersonic velocity into a diffuser cone. The air or other gas to
    be moved is mixed with the steam in the first part of the diffuser, lowering the
    velocity to acoustic velocity or below; in the diverging section of the diffuser the
    kinetic energy of the mixed gases is converted to pressure energy, so that the
    mixture can be discharged directly to the atmosphere. Often it is sent to a
    water-cooler condenser, particularly if more hat one stage is used. Otherwise
    each stage would have to handle all the steam admitted to the preceding
    stages. As many as five stages are used in industrial processing
    Comparison of Devices for moving Fluid
    In all types of fluid moving equipment, the flow
    capacity, power requirements, and mechanical efficiency
    are all highly important. Reliability and ease of maintenance
    are also highly desirable, often essential. In small units,
    simplicity and trouble-free operation are usually more
    important than high mechanical efficiency with its saving of
    a few kilowatts of power
    Positive-displacement machine
    Handle smaller quantities of fluids at high discharge
    pressures than do centrifugal machines.
    Are not subject to air binding and are usually self-
    printing
    In both positive-displacement pumps and blowers,
    the discharge rate is nearly independent of the
    discharge pressure, so that these machined are
    extensively used for controlling and metering flow
    Positive-displacement machine
    Reciprocating devices require considerable maintenance
    but can produce the highest pressure. They deliver
    pulsating steam
    Rotary pumps work best on fairly viscous lubricating fluids,
    discharging a steady stream at moderate to high
    pressure. They cannot be used with slurries
    Rotary blowers usually discharge gas at a maximum
    pressure of 2atm from a single state. The discharge line of
    a positive-displacement pump cannot be closed without
    stalling or breaking the pump, so that a bypass line with a
    pressure relied valve is required
    Centrifugal Machines
    Centrifugal pumps, blowers, and compressors all
    deliver fluid at a uniform pressure without shocks or
    pulsations.
    They run at a higher speeds that positive-
    displacement machines and are connected to the
    motor drive directly instead of through a gear box
    The discharge line can be completely closed
    without damage
    Centrifugal Machines
    Centrifugal pumps can handle a wide variety of
    corrosive liquids and slurries
    Centrifugal blowers and compressors are much
    smaller, for given capacity, then reciprocating
    compressors and require less maintenance
    Vacuum Devices
    For producing vacuum, reciprocating machines
    are effective for absolute pressure down to about
    10mmHg
    Rotary vacuum pumps can lower this absolute
    pressure to 0.01mmHg and over a wide range of
    low pressures are cheaper to operate than
    multistage steam-jet ejectors
    For very high vacuums, specialized devices such as
    diffusion pumps are needed

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