VOCABULARY AND GRAMMAR

Exercise 1: Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.
1. We visited an exhibition of _______art.
A. folk B. scenic C. magnificent D. intact
2. The art students were told to sketch the _______.
A. fine B. limestone C. landscape D. monument
3. He drew his inspiration from traditional Vietnamese _______.
A. folk music B. floating market C. imperial citadel D. heritage site
4. We want to _______the character of the town while improving the facilities.
A. emerge B. preserve C. bury D. appreciate
5. The Imperial Citadel of Thang Long is also an interesting _________ area everyone should pay a visit.
A. geographical B. archaeological C. geothermal D. geological
6. The _________ relics stolen from the museum haven't been found yet.
A. limestone B. dynasty C. excavation D. worship
7. The town's modem _______is very well integrated with the old.
A. citadel B. craftsman C. dynasty D. architecture
8. Some old buildings were pulled down to make space for a new shopping _______.
A. fine B. limestone C. temple D. complex
9. Tu Duc's Tomb is set in a poetic __________ of a pine forest and a magnificent lake.
A. lotus B. preservation C. mosaic D. scenery
10. The King wanted to create a romantic ___________ around him so that he could enjoy sightseeing and
making poem.
A. lake B. landscape C. tomb D. forest
11. Many important _______documents were destroyed when the library was bombed.
A. poetic B. geological C. historical D. archaeological
12. Our heritage tells the story of who we are as a people and helps to _________our identity and our sense of
belonging.
A. alter B. adopt C. preserve D. balance
13. They also suggested creating __________ topics or challenges on social media.
A. trending B. latest C. new D. hot
14. These monuments are a vital part of the _______of South America.
A. cultural heritage B. picturesque C. heritage site D. floating market
15. These groups will provide information about local heritage sites, organise special events to celebrate local
__________, and invite young people to discuss issues related to preserving the heritage.
A. investments B. appointments C. festivals D. parties
16. Besides Con Moong Cave, other significant _________ sites have been investigated and excavated.
A. environmental B. technological C. important D. archaeological
17. The Imperial Citadel of Thang Long is a cultural complex comprising royal palaces and __________.
A. monuments B. citadel C. craftsman D. dynasty
18. The badly neglected paintings have all been carefully _______.
A. restored B. damage C. donate D. suggest
19. Modernizing _______buildings can often do more harm than good.
A. imperial B. historic C. folk D. ancient
20. The National Heritage Board’s (NHB) mandate, as the custodian of Singapore’s heritage, is to preserve,
commemorate and promote their tangible and intangible ___________heritage.
 A. cultural B. culture C. culturally D. intercultural
21. The tour of the cave and grotto system is the main ________ for tourists in Phong Nha - Ke Bang National
Park.
A. attractive B. attractiveness C. attract D. attraction
22. Hoi An Ancient Town is quite special among the heritage sites because it is in a good state of ________.
A. preserve B. preservation C. preservative D. preservatives
23. The ancient settlement has now been found, several years after the archaeological __________ began.
A. excursion B. evacuation C. excavation D. execution
24. The World Heritage Site is famous for its ______ features and cultural values.
A. geography B. geological C. geothermal D. geographical
25. The ________ items in Con Moong Cave are now kept in Thanh Hoa Museum for preservation and
displaying work.
A. excavation B. excavated C. excavator D. excavating
26. Hoi an Ancient Town is preserved in a ________ intact state.
A. remarkable B. remark C. remarked D. remarkably
27. The clubs will organise training for students who want to learn folk songs, a ___________musical
instrument, or folk dancing.
A. traditional B. tradition C. traditionally D. traditions
28. People’s lack of knowledge about cultural heritage is a big _______ that we must find a solution to.
A. issue B. task C. interest D. result
29. Preserving the national heritage can present a ________ to many nations, especially if they have many
sites.
A. product B. fine C. present D. challenge
30. A non-profit organization uses its website to reach people around the world and collects ________ from
ones who want to help.
A. donations B. donate C. to donate D. donating
31. The island's _____________ is similar to Hawaii's.
A. landscape B. appearance C. area D. landslide
32. How many _____________ buildings are damaged by fire each year?
A. history B. historical C. historic D. past
33. They want to _____________ the castle to its former glory.
A. return B. restore C. preserve D. gain

Exercise 2: Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.
1. At most institutions in the UK, the_______ starts in September or October and runs until June or July.
A. calendar year B. academic year C. leap year D. gap year
2. Further and higher education colleges offer courses and qualifications in a wide range of vocational and
academic subjects at many____________.
A. standards B. qualities C. levels D. positions
3. The UK offers a wide range of work-based_______ for students seeking to build careers in specific industries.
A. learning B. training C. Exercising D. competition
4. A Bachelor's degree is also known as a(n) _______ university degree or an undergraduate degree.
A. first B. major C. main D. ordinary
5. They are considering the problem of rising unemployment among _______.
A. school-leavers B. school goers C. schoolmates D. schoolkids
6. Nursing is hard work and often low paid, but for many people it is a(n) _______.
A. work B. employment C. vocation D. opportunity
7. On _______, Hoa became an art teacher.
A. ceremony B. completion C. finish D. graduation
8. I want to get the _______ so that I can become a doctor.
A. tuition B. accommodation C. qualifications D. academies
9. For many jobs you need to have a university _______
A. degree B. tutor C. trade D. apprenticeship
10. He supported better _______ education, saying many students were not interested in academic courses.
A. practical B. technical C. sensible D. vocational
11. You have to gain _______ experience before you become a lawyer.
A. compulsory B. mechanical C. practical D. formal
12. After graduating from high school, I'll enter the _______ level at college to get the first degree
A. mechanical B. sensible C. technical D. undergraduate
13. A small group would receive intensive _______, and then would train others.
A. trade B. degree C. training D. campus
14. We're very proud of the five students from this school who were awarded _______.
A. scholarships B. graduation C. doctorate D. brochure
15. The university's exchange scheme has cemented its links with many other academic _______.
A. accommodation B. institutions C. qualifications D. mechanic
16. His height and reach give him a big advantage _______ other boxers.
A. about B. between C. over D. all

Exercise 3: Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.
1. Independent learners become ______ adults who have faith in their abilities to succeed, achieve and
overcome challenges.
A. confident B. over-confident C. confidential D. reluctant
2. Parents and teachers play a ______ role in helping children become independent.
A. final B. quick C. deciding D. decisive
3. When independence becomes your ______, it leads to the 4C’s: confidence, competence, creativity, and
character.
A. priority B. variety C. importance D. action
4. I was ______ to recognize that I could work more effectively with my time log.
A. willing B. fond C. determined D. amazed
5. Breaks provide valuable rest ______ you to think creatively and work effectively.
A. able B. enable C. enabling D. to enable
6. Is it ______ for all of us to be present at the meeting this afternoon?
A. certain B. difficult C. popular D. necessary
7. Do you think it’s true that teenage girls are less ______ than their male peers?
A. self-motivated B. self-aware C. self- confident D. self-appointed
8. The staff members are hard-working and highly ______.
A. motivated B. reasonable C. worthy D. normal
9. A single parent should try to balance work and family ______?
A. experiences B. opportunities C. responsibilities D. inventions
10. How can he fit everything into his busy ______?
A. curiosity B. schedule C. attention D. freedom
11. I’ll go shopping when I’ve done my ______ around the house.
A. experiences B. responsibilities C. chores D. conveniences
12. Try to ______ of your time well.
 A. move forward B. make sure C. get round D. make use
13. I’m not trying to ______ the habit of always having biscuits with my coffee.
A. get around B. make use C. get into D. carry out
14. The police will ______ an investigation into what actually happened.
A. develop B. post C. raise D. provide
15. After work, she ______ with a cup of coffee and the newspaper.
A. relied B. identified C. solved D. relaxed
16. Paul is directly ______ for the management of the football competitions between schools in our
neighborhood.
A. decisive B. responsible C. reliable D. independent
17. There’s no point in trying to stop her- it’ll only make her more ______.
A. self-motivated B. comfortable C. dependent D. determined
18. A good leader should have a talent for quick ______ action.
A. independent B. confident C. decisive D. organised
19. There is always a time ______ for each test.
A. schedule B. source C. routine D. hobby
20. Parents want to raise their child to be independent, and to help him make his own ______.
A. techniques B. information C. managements D. decisions

Exercise 4: Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.
1. The programme makers reject the notion that seeing _______ on television has a harmful effect on children.
A. bullying B. violence C. overpopulation D. crime
2. I don't know why he _______ with Phong because they've got nothing in common.
A. hangs out B. grow up C. give up D. stay up
3. Our survey indicates that one in four children is _______ at school.
A. bullied B. admitted C. revised D. approved
4. I _______ his friendship more than I can ever say.
A. affect B. pretend C. value D. persuade
5. It was brave of her to _______ to those bullies.
A. wear out B. take off C. hang out D. stand up
6. There are many risks attached to social media sites, and _______ is one of the largest risks.
A. appearance B. survey C. depression D. cyberbullying
7. Youth in the behavioural risk group were more likely to report negative _______ than were youth in the
optimal group.
A. self-confidence B. peer pressure C. body shaming D. social issue
8. Ageing is simultaneously an academic problem, a pressing _______ and an urgent personal concern.
A. social issue B. peer pressure C. awareness D. body shaming
9. _______ is criticizing yourself or others because of some aspect of physical appearance.
A. Violence B. Social issue C. Peer pressure D. Body shaming
10. Reducing speed limits has _______ to fewer deaths on the motorways.
A. led B. grown C. given D. flown
11. We need to focus public attention ______ this social issue.
A. on B. out C. with D. up
12. You have to have such a lot of patience when you are dealing ________ kids.
A. in B. for C. of D. with
13. You should keep a safe distance ______ the car in front.
A. for B. up C. from D. in
14. The purpose of the article was to draw attention ______ the problems faced by single parents.
A. for B. to C. at D. in
15. The main problem ______ the climbers was lack of sleep.
A. to B. with C. for D. in
16. ______________ we got lost driving into the city, we were late for the meeting.
A. Since B. Because of C. However D. For
17. Two of the factories in our small town have closed. ______________, unemployment is high.
A. However B. Because C. So that D. Furthermore
18. John's favourite show was on. He reach to turned on the TV ______________ he could watch it.
A. because of B. therefore C. so that D. for
19. She bought the book ______________ she had heard it was good.
A. due to B. because C. because of D. so
20. ______________ I heard the telephone ring, I didn't answer it.
A. Because B. Only if C. Even though D. If
21. ______________ the post office was closed, I couldn't mail my package.
A. Therefore B. Because of C. However D. Since
22. ______________ I was dead tired, I walked all the way home.
A. Despite B. Although C. In spite of D. Because
23. Some English words have the same pronunciation ______________ they are spelled differently, for example,
dear and deer.
A. unless B. even though C. since D. only if
24. Ms Moore, the school counselor, had years of experience dealing with student problems ______________,
she is sometimes confronted by a problem that she cannot handle by herself.
A. Therefore B. However C. Otherwise D. On the other hand
25. ______________ excellent art museums, Moscow has a world-famous ballet company.
A. Because of B. In spite of C. Moreover D. In addition to
26. The restaurant not only serves delicious food but has excellent customer service; ____________, it offers
a cozy ambiance.
A. moreover B. in addition to C. however D. because
27. She missed her flight ____________ a traffic jam on the way to the airport.
A. because B. because of C. although D. in spite of
28. The team worked tirelessly day and night. ____________, they completed the project ahead of
schedule.
A. However By contrast C. As a result D. In addition
29. The restaurant on the corner is always crowded with long waiting lines. ____________ the one across
the street is usually empty and quiet.
A. Although B. Despite C. As a consequence D. By contrast
30. ____________ it was raining heavily, we decided to stay indoors for the entire day.
A. Since B. In addition to C. Because of D. Therefore
31. He promised to be on time; ____________, he arrived late to the meeting.
A. although B. however C. besides D. because
32. ____________ painting, she is also skilled at sketching.
A. In spite of B. Because of C. As a result D. In addition to
33. I don't really want to go. ____________, it's too late now.
A. Therefore B. However C. Besides D.As
34. Sarah left her umbrella at home. ____________ she got soaked in the rain.
A. Because B. As a consequence C. By contrast D. However
35. The weather was hot and sunny. ____________, we decided to go to the beach.
A. However B. Moreover C. Since D. Therefore

READING
Exercise 1: Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to choose
the word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 1 to 5.
 Preserving heritage is a collective responsibility that requires conscious efforts and strategic approaches.
Firstly, documentation plays a crucial role (1) ________ safeguarding heritage. It involves thorough research,
and documentation of historical records, artifacts, and oral traditions (2) ________ with a particular heritage.
This process helps create an extensive archive that serves as a reference for future generations and aids in
understanding and appreciating the significance of heritage.
Secondly, active conservation measures must be implemented to protect physical heritage. This includes regular
(3) ________, restoration, and preventive measures to prevent deterioration and damage. Collaboration
between heritage experts, conservation professionals, and local communities is essential to ensure the proper
implementation of conservation techniques while respecting the integrity and authenticity of the heritage. (4)
________, promoting public awareness and engagement through educational programs, guided tours, and
cultural events can (5) ________ a sense of pride and ownership among the community, encouraging their active
participation in heritage preservation.
(Adapted from National Geographic)
1. A. of B. for C. at D. in
2. A. equipped B. collaborated C. connected D. associated
3. A. maintain B. maintaining C. maintained D. maintenance
4. A. However B. Moreover C. Therefore D. Otherwise
5. A. foster B. enhance C. enlarge D. widen

 One remarkable Vietnamese heritage is the ancient town of Hoi An, (1) ________ in Quang Nam Province.
Hoi An stands as a living testament to the region's rich cultural history and (2) ________ marvels. This UNESCO
World Heritage site exhibits a harmonious fusion of indigenous, Chinese, Japanese, and European influences,
reflecting its vibrant trading past. The town's well-preserved streets, (3) ________ with colorful buildings,
traditional wooden houses, and iconic Japanese-covered bridges, offer a glimpse into the thriving trading port
(4) ________ once attracted merchants from across the globe. Hoi An's enduring charm lies not only in its
physical beauty but (5) ________ in its bustling markets, traditional craft workshops, and diverse culinary
delights, making it an enchanting destination that encapsulates the cultural essence of Vietnam.
(Adapted from The Forbes)
1. A. locating B. located C. locate D. to locate
2. A. architectural B. architecture C. architect D. architecting
3. A. equipped B. dealt C. adorned D. come
4. A. where B. which C. who D. when
5. A. for B. instead C. as D. also

Exercise 2: Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C [or D] on your answer sheet to indicate
the correct answer to each of the questions from 1 to 5.
 Preserving our heritage is a crucial task that involves safeguarding our cultural history and identity. It means
protecting both the physical objects and the intangible aspects of our past that have been passed down to us.
Things like historical sites, artifacts, traditions, and languages are all part of our heritage and deserve to be taken
care of.
 Nations should be in an attempt to preserve their heritage because heritage allows future generations to learn
from and appreciate the accomplishments and struggles of those who came before us. It helps us understand
where we come from and how our societies have developed over time. When we preserve our heritage, we also
feel a strong sense of belonging, as it connects us to our shared history and cultural practices. In addition,
preserving heritage promotes cultural diversity and encourages communication between different cultures. It
helps us appreciate the uniqueness of each culture and promotes respect and understanding among people. By
celebrating and protecting our diverse heritage, we create opportunities for cultural exchange, which brings
people together and helps build a more harmonious and inclusive society.
Preserving heritage is not just a responsibility; it is an investment in our collective memory, identity, and
the future well-being of generations to come. So let's cherish and protect our heritage, ensuring that it continues
to enrich and inspire us for years to come.
(Adapted from Heritage Daily)
1. Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?
A. The Importance of Preserving Cultural Heritage
B. Safeguarding Our Heritage for Future Generations
C. Promoting Cultural Diversity through Heritage Preservation
D. The Significance of Heritage in Building Inclusive Societies
2. According to paragraph 1, preserving heritage means ________.
A. protecting the environment around us so that it will be sustainable
B. carefully protecting historical sites and tourist attractions
C. protecting both tangible and intangible aspects of our inherited past
D. protecting the traditional values passed down from previous generations
3. The word "it" in paragraph 2 refers to ________.
A. future generation B. heritage
C. nation D. accomplishments and struggles
4. The word "uniqueness" in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to ________.
A. differentiation B. similarity C. resemblance D. distinctiveness
5. Which of the following is not true according to the passage?
A. Preserving heritage helps us understand our roots and societal development.
B. Heritage preservation fosters a strong sense of belonging.
C. Protecting physical objects is more important than intangible aspects of heritage.
D. Preserving heritage promotes cultural diversity and intercultural understanding.
 In 1959, the government of Egypt was working on a plan to build a dam on the River Nile. It was called the
Aswan Dam, and it was intended to generate electricity and allow the river water to be used for agriculture.
There was one big problem with the plan, though. The dam would flood a nearby valley that contained ancient
Egyptian treasures, including two enormous stone temples.
It can be difficult for governments to choose culture and history over economics. However, if countries
always made decisions like this, the majority of the world's ancient sites would end up being destroyed.
Luckily, UNESCO stepped in. They formed a committee that tried to convince Egypt to protect its ancient
treasures. With support from many countries, they were finally successful. The huge temples were carefully
removed from their original site and moved to a safe location so that the dam could be built.
UNESCO is an agency of the United Nations. The United Nations is a partnership between countries from
all over the world. They are joined to help promote world peace, enforce human rights, and help countries
develop. UNESCO is a part of the United Nations that is concerned with science and culture.
After their success in saving the temples in Egypt, UNESCO went on to save more sites around the world.
They protected lagoons in Venice, ruins in Pakistan, and temples in Indonesia. With industrialization changing
the world rapidly, there were many sites that needed to be saved. Eventually, UNESCO formed the World
Heritage Organization to protect important natural and historic sites wherever it was necessary.
By now, the World Heritage Organization has protected hundreds of sites ranging from beautiful natural
islands to buildings in large cities to ancient ruins. If you're able to visit any of the many protected sites, you'll
agree it was worth it.
1. Why did UNESCO get involved in Egypt?
A. Egypt was planning to build a dam that would harm ancient temples.
B. Egypt was planning to build a valley for agriculture and electricity.
C. Egypt was planning to create a dam right on top of an ancient temple.
D. When the dam flooded a valley, several treasures were discovered.
2. Which of the following is true according to paragraph 2?
A. Most governments prefer to sell their treasures.
B. Money sometimes seems more important than all other things.
C. Governments are never able to consider two things at once.
D. Governments usually don't know anything about their culture.
3. The United Nations would probably not be involved in _______.
A. helping a poor country improve its agriculture
B. trying to solve a violent conflict between two nations
C. developing a new spacecraft for travel to the moon
D. protesting against the killing of the tribes people of a country
4. The word "Eventually" in the passage is closest in meaning to _______.
A. firstly B. reasonably C. finally D. seriously
5. Why is the World Heritage Organization more important now than it would have been years ago?
A. Countries didn't cooperate in the past.
B. Cities were smaller back then.
C. There were not as many interesting sites 200 years ago.
D. Modern business and production are changing the world.

READING
Exercise 1: Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to choose
the word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 1 to 5.
 Like any other universities, the Open University can give you a degree. However, you don't have to (1)
_________ working to study. It can also open up a whole variety (2) ______ interest. If you have never studied
before, you will enjoy the special, new pleasure of (3) ________your knowledge. You will make friends of all
kinds. You may also find that your qualification provides new career opportunities.
You don't actually go to the Open University for lectures, but study at homeusing television, radio and
computer software. You can (4) _________one class a month if you wish at an Open University centre. Of
course, there are exams to take, as in (5) ____________ university. If you would like to know more, all you have
to do is complete the form below. It could be the start of a wonderful new period in your life.
1. A. stop B.end C. break D. leave
2. A. from B. of C. in D. for
3. A. growing B. changing C. adding D. increasing
4. A. give B. learn C. attend D. study
5. A. any B. some C. many D. most


GAP YEAR
 In the professional or career world, a gap year is a year before going to college or university and after
finishing high school or (1) _________ a year off before going into graduate school after completing a bachelor
as an undergraduate. (2) _________ this time, students may engage in advanced academic courses, extra-
academic courses and non-academic courses, such as yearlong pre-college math courses, language studies,
learning a trade, art studies, volunteer work, travel, internships, sports and more. Gap years are sometimes
considered a way for students to become independent and learn a great deal of (3) _________ prior to engaging
in university life.
Australians and New Zealanders have a tradition of travelling overseas independently (4) _________ a young
age. In New Zealand, this is known as “doing an OE” (Overseas Experience). Sometimes, an OE is (5)
_________ to one year, but often Australians and New Zealanders will remain overseas for three to five years,
with many working short-term in service industry jobs to fund their continuing travels. Europe and Asia are
popular destinations for doing an OE. In Australia, through exchange programmes and benefits for youth, there
are so many opportunities for a young person to broaden their mind through travel in a gap year.
1. A. calling B. going C. taking D. turning
2. A. During B. When C. While D. By
3. A. responsible B. responsibility C. irresponsible D. irresponsibility
4. A. at B. on C. in D. for
5. A. distributed B. used C. spent D. limited

Exercise 2: Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C [or D] on your answer sheet to indicate
the correct answer to each of the questions from 1 to 5.
 The difference between higher and further education can be a common cause of confusion. Further education
is used to describe the education that occurs following compulsory post-16 secondary education, which is usually
distinct from that offered in universities (higher education). It includes a few different levels such as A-Levels
and Higher National Diplomas. Foundation Degrees are also a type of further education and take 2 years to
complete compared with the 3-4 years of most bachelor's degrees which are offered by both universities and
colleges. Sometimes it is possible to extend a Foundation Degree to a bachelor's degree, with one year or more
of extra study.
Further education is usually taught in the sixth-form college part of a school or in independent further
education colleges, as well as in other work-based, adult and community learning institutions in the United
States, further education is sometimes referred to as continuing education.
Higher education primarily describes post-18 learning that takes place at universities, as well as other
colleges and institutions that award academic degrees, and professional qualifications. While higher education
is the common name in the UK and Ireland, it is also known as post-secondary, tertiary and third level education.
1. What is the main idea of the passage?
A. The passage compares and contrasts the different types of education that are available after secondary
school.
B. The passage explains the benefits and drawbacks of further and higher education in different countries.
C. The passage describes the different levels and qualifications that are included in further and higher
education.
D. The passage provides some examples and statistics of further and higher education in the UK and the US.
2. The word "It" in line 3 of paragraph 1 refers to ________.
A. higher education B. further education
C. compulsory post-16 secondary education D. education
3. The word "distinct" in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to ________.
A. different B. separate C. clear D. special
4. Which of the following is NOT a type of further education mentioned in the passage?
 A. A-Levels B. Higher National Diplomas
C. Foundation Degrees D. Professional Qualifications
5. What is another name for higher education in the United States?
A. continuing education B. post-secondary education
C. tertiary education D. third level education

 British further education qualifications are respected by employers and academics worldwide. There are two
main types: academic courses, and vocational and professional courses. Academic courses help you prepare for
higher education at a university or college. They aim to develop your analytical skills, critical thinking and
knowledge. Vocational and professional courses give you the skills and qualifications you need to enter and
succeed in your chosen career. They offer technical training and skills for the workplace.
British further education providers invest heavily in facilities from libraries, computer centres and science
laboratories to sports centres, theatres and arts studios. Class sizes are to ensure that you have access to equipment
and enough time to talk to your tutors and lecturers
British qualifications are a great boots to your CV and to your earnings. Employers are increasingly looking
for graduates with multicultural experience. Moreover, British colleges and universities have strong links with
industry - many courses are designed in partnership with, and taught by, industry professionals. Many include
the option of a year in industry or a work placement, giving you real professional experience. English is widely
regarded as the language of business. Studying in the UK helps you learn the language quickly, through your
studies, friends and everyday life. If you need any
additional support, there are lots of English language classes across the UK.
The UK is a truly multicultural society, with a wonderful mix of people from many different backgrounds.
As a student, you'll get to know people from all over the world and be inspired by many cultures. Many colleges
have international offices and advisers to ensure you feel welcome and are supported throughout your time in
British further education.
1. Higher education in the UK requires _____________
A. technical training and working skills B. analytical skills, critical thinking and knowledge
C. vocational and professional courses D. academic courses at a university or college
2. British further education offers facilities in several fields EXCEPT___________
A. sports training B. entertainment
C. Information technology D. engineering workshop
3. British further education can give you advantages of getting a job because ________________
A. you are taught by industrial professors
B. you know how to boost your CV and earn high salaries
C. you can get real multicultural and professional experience
D. you can follow both academic courses, and vocational courses
4. Following further education in the UK helps you improve your English quickly because___________
A. it is used in several life aspects B. it is used in the business of languages
C. you can speak it at lots of English language classesD. you need much additional support
5. As a foreign student, you can get involved in social activities quickly because __________________
A. you can get support about British further education
B. Britain is a multicultural society with much support from colleges
C. the UK has a wonderful mix of different peoples from all over the world
D. you can enjoy your time in British further education
READING
Exercise 1: Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to choose
the word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 1 to 5.
 Teenagers should (1) ___________ to become independent as it is a crucial part of their personal growth and
development. Independence equips teenagers (2) ___________ valuable life skills and prepares them for the
challenges and responsibilities of adulthood. By becoming independent, teenagers learn to make their own
decisions, take responsibility for their actions, and develop a sense of self-reliance. It allows them to explore
their interests, pursue their goals, and shape their own identity. Independence also fosters resilience, problem-
solving abilities, and critical thinking skills, (3) ___________ are essential for navigating the complexities of
life. (4) ___________ becoming independent empowers teenagers to have a greater sense of agency, autonomy,
and control over their own lives, enabling them to (5) ___________ fulfilling and meaningful lives.
1. A. strive B. pay C. have D. get
2. A. for B. by C. about D. with
3. A. where B. which C. who D. when
4. A. However B. Therefore C. Moreover D. Otherwise
5. A. get B. turn C. lead D. head

 When teens want to live independently, they need to develop (1) ________ skills for themselves.
First, they need to know how to do their own laundry. A good way to care for their clothes is to break things
down into steps, (2) ________ sorting dirty clothes, washing, folding to storing them after they're dry.
Second, they need to be able to manage a budget. This may be not easy for those who have (3) ________
with math. There are lots of apps that can help with money management and budgets.
Third, preparing and storing food safely is (4) ________ to good health. They need to know how to plan
meals in advance and how to shop for groceries. This includes buying items that will last a few days or longer.
It also includes knowing which foods can't be stored for very long.
Fourth, they have to know how to get around town. Teens who plan on using public transportation should practice
taking the bus. Those who drive also need to understand directions. It's also important to know when and (5)
________ to fill the gas tank and how much gas costs. Their budget should also account for motorbike care, such
as repairs and oil changes.
Independent living is a serious decision. It's important that both parents and teens feel ready for this step.
(Adapted from https://www.understood.org)
1. A. care B. life C. study D. work
2. A. about B. for C. from D. to
3. A. difficulty B. hardship C. lesson D. struggle
4. A. balanced B. nutrient C. next D vital
5. A. what B. who C. where D. which

Exercise 2: Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C [or D] on your answer sheet to indicate
the correct answer to each of the questions from 1 to 5.
 Why Do We Use Time-Management Skills?
It is important that you develop effective strategies for managing your time to balance the conflicting demands
of time for study, leisure, and work. Time-management skills are valuable not only in job-hunting, but also in
many other aspects of life: from revising for examinations to working in a vacation job.
Sometimes it may seem that there isn't enough time to do everything that you need to. This can lead to a build-
up of stress. When revising for examinations, or during your final year when you have to combine the pressures
of intensive study with finding time to apply for jobs, good management of your time can be particularly
important. Once we have identified ways in which we can improve the management of our time, we can begin
to adjust our routines and patterns of behaviour to reduce any time-related stress in our lives.
Some of these skills include setting clear goals, breaking your goals down into several steps, and reviewing your
progress towards your goals.
Other skills involved include prioritising - focusing on urgent and important tasks rather than those that are trivial
or don't move you towards your goals; organising your work schedule; list making to remind you of what you
need to do.
1. What is the main idea of the passage?
A. Time-management skills are essential for reducing stress and achieving your goals in life.
B. Time-management skills are useful for job-hunting and exam preparation.
C. Time-management skills are different for students and workers.
D. Time-management skills are easy to learn and apply.
2. The word “build-up" is closest in meaning to ____.
A. increase B. explain C. accumulation D. management
3. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a benefit of time-management skills in the passage?
A. Balancing the conflicting demands of time for study, leisure, and work.
B. Improving your performance in examinations and job applications.
C. Enhancing your creativity and problem-solving skills.
D. Reducing any time-related stress in your lives.
4. Which of the following is an example of setting clear goals?
A. I want to get a good grade in this course.
B. I want to finish reading this chapter by tomorrow.
C. I want to learn something new every day.
D. I want to be successful in life.
5. Which of the following is an example of organising your work schedule?
A. Making a to-do list for the day.
B. Allocating a specific amount of time for each task.
C. Checking your progress and adjusting your plan as needed.
D. All of the above.

MANAGING TIME
Time management: two words that have me breaking out in a cold sweat. Why should I suddenly have to learn
how to manage my time? Surely time had got on perfectly well for several millennia without requiring
management, let alone by me. But my university tutor was adamant: time needed some managing and apparently
it was up to me to do it.
First of all, let's be clear. I do have plenty of time to manage. As an arts student, I generally have 23 hours in the
day that aren't given over to going to lectures. But I generally need somebody to tell me what I should be writing,
so I go to lectures.
Perhaps I had "taken on too much"? I'd been elected to four committees, produced a play, applied for a part time
job, hung around the college bar with my friends, and written the odd essay. But I thought I was coping well.
Sure, there was the day when I did the research for an essay on the morning of deadline day and wrote it that
afternoon, but that was a one off.
On second thoughts, maybe my tutor is right. It's difficult to give up what you're involved in but perhaps it's a
good idea to sit back and have a breather once in a while. Even an arts student has to get down to some real
work!
1. What was the writer's initial reaction to his tutor's ultimatum?
A. He had to admit that it was sound advice.
B. He failed to see how it could help him.
C. He had no understanding of what it meant.
 D. He had tried it before so he knew it would fail.
2. What is the writer's job?
A. He's a time manager. B. He's a lecturer.
C. He's an arts student. D. He's a university tutor.
3. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as something he had done?
A. Producing a play B. Getting a part time job
C. Writing an essay D. Head of four committees
4. The writer slowly begins to realize that he should ____.
A. spend more time with his friends B. end his obsession with leisure pursuit
C. integrate more into university life D. apply himself to the real task in hand
5. The word "breather" in the passage mostly means ____.
A. an assignment B. a machine C. a rest D. a passion

Give teens a break!
Teenage years are filled with all kinds of problems-lack of self-confidence, nagging parents, peer pressure, doing
well in the exams and getting into university. Some of their problems result from the emotional and physical
changes teenagers are going through.
Teenagers are extremely concerned about their appearance. So, it's no wonder they spend so much time in front
of the mirror! They notice every single thing about themselves - their body changing shape,
hair appearing in unlikely places, annoying spots breaking out. Teenagers are rarely happy about these changes
which can affect how they feel about themselves.
Sometimes, parents hurt their teenage children's feelings by making jokes about their appearance. They also tend
to pay little attention to teenage worries and think of them as being silly. Your daughter may be convinced that
her nose looks awful and that plastic surgery is the only solution even though everybody else fails to notice the
problem. By trying to explain that other people do not normally pay as much attention to our physical features
as we do ourselves, we can help teenagers feel better about themselves and become more confident.
Teenagers also tend to avoid doing things they don't like, especially helping around the house. They are likely
to try to get out of doing household chores - and certainly don't respond well to orders. The more you discuss the
type of household chore your teenage son or a daughter might not mind doing, the better. He or she, for example,
may be happy to go to the supermarket, but hate the idea of washing dishes.
It also works better if your children can, at least to some degree, do things in their own way and time. This might
seem annoying, but if all you do is order them around, you can be sure that next time they will not do a thing.
Always thank your children for their effort. And if they do something that's more than just a simple chore -
decorating, perhaps you might want to pay them.
1. Teenagers spend a lot of time looking in the mirror because they _______.
A. like admiring their bodies.
B. are worried about the changes happening to their bodies.
C. are thinking how they can improve their appearance.
D. have nothing better to do.
2. When teenagers express their concern about their appearance, their parents ______.
A. get upset with them. B. show no interest in their worries.
C. don't take their concerns very seriously. D. don't believe them.
3. The writer advises the parents to ______.
A. support their children if they decide to have plastic surgery.
B. give them tips on how to improve their appearance.
C. ignore their concerns.
D. tell them that they actually look better than they think they do.
4. When it comes to housework, most teenagers ______.
A. help a lot with housework.
B. usually prefer going to the supermarket.
C. expect something in return for helping around the house.
D. find ways not to take part in it.
5. Which of the following is NOT good advice to parents?
A. They should thank their children for their effort.
B. They should give their children some money for any chore they do.
C. They should let their children do things the way they want to.
D. They should be willing to take their children's preferences into account.

READING
Exercise 1: Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to choose
the word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 1 to 5.
 Overpopulation refers to a situation (1) ___________ the number of people in a particular area exceeds the
available resources and infrastructure to support them adequately. It is a (2) ___________ issue that can have
significant social, economic, and environmental consequences. Overpopulated areas often face challenges (3)
___________ strained healthcare systems, inadequate housing, increased competition for resources, and
environmental degradation. These issues can lead to poverty, unemployment, overcrowding, and a decline in (4)
___________ of life. Addressing overpopulation requires a comprehensive approach that includes family
planning, sustainable development, and (5) ___________ distribution of resources to ensure a balanced and
sustainable future for all.
(Adapted from The English Patient)
1. A. where B. which C. who D. when
2. A. in-house B. local C. global D. glocal
3. A. for example B. such as C. consisting D. comprising
4. A. standard B. cost C. quantity D. quality
5. A. equality B. equitably C. equitable D. equity
 Crime is a prevalent issue (1) ____________ affects societies worldwide, and it encompasses a wide range
of illegal activities. From theft and vandalism to more serious offenses like robbery and assault, crime can have
significant consequences for individuals and communities. One of the main causes of crime is socioeconomic
factors. Poverty, unemployment, and lack of access to basic resources can push individual' s towards criminal
behavior as a means of survival or 2) ____________ of desperation. Additionally, societal factors such as
inequality, discrimination, and social exclusion can contribute to feelings of frustration and resentment, leading
to an increased likelihood of criminal activity.
Effort to combat crime involve various straggles, (3) ____________ law enforcement, prevention programs
and community engagement. Law enforcement agencies work to uphold the law, investigate crimes, and
apprehend offenders. Prevention programs aim to address the root causes of crime by providing support and
resources to at-risk individuals and communities. These programs focus on education, job training, and
mentorship to empower individuals and steer them (4) ____________ from criminal behavior. Community
engagement plays a crucial role in reducing crime by fostering strong social connections, promoting (5)
____________ watch programs, and encouraging citizens to report suspicious activities.
(Adapted from BBC News)
1. A. that B. where C. when D. who
2. A. as a matter B. as a result C. in spite D. in conclusion
3. A. for example B. comprising of C. consisting D. including
4. A. about B. aside C. away D. afar
5. A. neighbor B. neighborhood C. neighboring D. neighborliness

Exercise 2: Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C [or D] on your answer sheet to indicate
the correct answer to each of the questions from 1 to 5.
 Millions of people are using cellphones today. In many places, it is actually considered unusual not to use
one. In many countries, cellphones are very popular with young people. They find that the phones are more than
a means of communication - having a mobile phone shows that they are cool and connected. The explosion in
mobile phone use around the world has made some health professional worried. Some doctors are concerned
that in the future many people may suffer health problems from the use of mobile phones. In England, there has
been a serious debate about this issue. Mobile phone companies are worried about the negative publicity of such
ideas. They say that there is no proof that
mobile phones are bad for your health.
On the other hand, medical studies have shown changes in the brain cells of some people who use mobile
phones. Signs of change in the tissues of the brain and head can be detected with modern scanning equipment.
In one case, a traveling salesman had to retire at young age because of serious memory loss. He couldn’t
remember even simple tasks. He would often forget the name of his
own son. This man used to talk on his mobile phone for about six hours a day, every day of his working week,
for a couple of years. His family doctor blamed his mobile phone use, but his employer’s blamed doctor didn’t
agree.
What is it that makes mobile phones potentially harmful? The answer is radiation. High-tech machines can
detect very small amounts of radiation from mobile phones. Mobile phone companies agree that there is some
radiation, but they say the amount is too small to worry about. As the discussion about their safety continues, it
appears that it's best to use mobile phones less often.
1. The most suitable title for the passage could be ______.
A. Technological Innovations and Their Price B. The Importance of Mobile Phones
C. Mobile Phones: A Must of Our Time D. Advantages and Disadvantages of Mobile Phones
2. According to the passage, cellphones are especially popular with the youth because ______.
A. they keep the users in alert all the time
B. they are integral in daily communication
C. they are the only effective means of communication
D. they make them look more stylish
3. According to the passage, the changes possibly caused by the cellphones are mainly concerned with
_______________
A. the smallest units of the brain B. the central unit of the brain
C. the structure of the brain D. the long-term memory
4. The words “negative publicity” in paragraph 2 most likely means ______.
A. information on the lethal effects of cellphones
B. the negative public use of cellphones
C. widespread opinion about bad effects of cellphones
D. constructive ideas about the effects of cellphones
5. The word “their” in the last paragraph refers to _____.
A. mobile phone companies B. mobile phones
C. high-tech machines D. radiations

Living in a big city can offer many advantages, such as access to diverse cultures, job opportunities, and
vibrant social scenes. However, it also comes with its fair share of social problems. One prevalent issue is
homelessness. In big cities, the high cost of housing and limited affordable options make it challenging for some
individuals and families to secure a stable place to live. This leads to a significant homeless population, often
struggling to meet their basic needs and facing difficulties in finding employment or accessing social services.
Another social problem in big cities is the increased crime rates. The density of population and anonymity can
contribute to higher levels of criminal activity. Theft, vandalism, and assaults are more common in urban areas,
causing concerns for residents' safety and well-being. Additionally, social inequality and poverty are prevalent
in big cities. While these areas offer many opportunities, they also widen the gap between the rich and the poor.
The stark contrast in living conditions and access to resources can create social divisions and lead to feelings of
marginalization among certain communities.
Addressing these social problems requires a collective effort from both the government and the community.
Implementing affordable housing initiatives, providing support services for the homeless, and promoting
inclusive policies can help alleviate the issue of homelessness. Similarly, investing in community policing,
enhancing public safety measures, and implementing programs aimed at reducing poverty and inequality can
contribute to a safer and more equitable city. It is essential for residents to come together; support local
organizations, and actively participate in initiatives that tackle these social problems. By working collaboratively,
big cities can strive towards creating a more inclusive and thriving environment for all.
(Adapted from Edutopia)
1. Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?
A. Challenges Faced in Big Cities B. The Advantages of Living in a Big City
C. Social Problems and Solutions in Urban Areas D. The Impact of Social Inequality in Big Cities
2. According to paragraph 1, what are some social problems in big cities?
A. Lack of job opportunities and cultural diversity
B. High cost of housing and limited affordable options
C. Decreased crime rates and improved safety measures
D. Increased social equality and reduced poverty
3. The word "prevalent" in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to ___________.
A. fashionable B. rare C. frequent D. Widespread
4. The word "it" in paragraph 1 refers to ___________.
A. diverse culture B. living in a big city
C. vibrant social scene D. advantages
5. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?
A. Homelessness is a prevalent issue in big cities.
B. The density of the population and anonymity can contribute to higher crime rates.
C. The availability of affordable housing options in big cities is sufficient.
D. Social inequality and poverty are prevalent in urban areas.

important = vital =
essential