[Project Title]

[Team Members
Software Names]Specification Document
Requirements
Session: 2014 - 2016 | <Department/College Name>

17.12.2015
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Revision History
Date Description Author Comments
<date> <Version 1> <Your Name> <First Revision>

Document Approval
The following Software Requirements Specification has been accepted and approved by the following:

Signature Printed Name Title Date

Dr. Supervisor, CSIT 21306 <date>
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Table of Contents

1. Introduction
1.1 Purpose
1.2 Scope
1.3 Definitions, Acronyms, and Abbreviations.
1.4 References
1.5 Overview

2. The Overall Description

2.1 Product Perspective
2.1.1 Operations
2.1.2 Site Adaptation Requirements
2.2 Product Functions
2.3 User Characteristics
2.4 General Constraints
2.5 Assumptions and Dependencies

3. Specific Requirements
3.1 External Interface Requirements
3.1.1 System Interfaces
3.1.2 Interfaces
3.1.3 Hardware Interfaces
3.1.4 Software Interfaces
3.1.5 Communications Interfaces
3.2 Functional Requirements
3.2.1 <Functional Requirement or Feature #1>
3.2.2 <Functional Requirement or Feature #2>
3.3 Use Cases
3.3.1 Use Case #1
3.3.2 Use Case #2
3.4 Classes / Objects
3.4.1 <Class / Object #1>
3.4.2 <Class / Object #2>
3.5 Non-Functional Requirements
3.5.1 Performance
3.5.2 Reliability
3.5.3 Availability
3.5.4 Security
3.5.5 Maintainability
3.5.6 Portability
3.6 Inverse Requirements
3.7 Logical Database Requirements
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3.8 Design Constraints

3.8.1 Standards Compliance

4. Analysis Models
4.1 Sequence Diagrams
4.2 Data Flow Diagrams (DFD)
4.3 State-Transition Diagrams (STD)

5. Supporting Information
Appendix A – Background Research on:
Appendix B – Data Dictionary
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1. Introduction
The following subsections of the Software Requirements Specifications (SRS) document
should provide an overview of the entire SRS. The thing to keep in mind as you write
this document is that you are telling what the system must do – so that designers can
ultimately build it. Do not use this document for design!!!

1.1 Purpose
Identify the purpose of this SRS and its intended audience. In this subsection, describe
the purpose of the particular SRS and specify the intended audience for the SRS.

1.2 Scope
In this subsection:
(1) Identify the software product(s) to be produced by name
(2) Explain what the software product(s) will, and, if necessary, will not do
(3) Describe the application of the software being specified, including relevant
benefits, objectives, and goals
(4) Be consistent with similar statements in higher-level specifications if they
exist
This should be an executive-level summary. Do not enumerate the whole requirements
list here.

1.3 Definitions, Acronyms, and Abbreviations.

Provide the definitions of all terms, acronyms, and abbreviations required to properly
interpret the SRS. This information may be provided by reference to one or more
appendices in the SRS or by reference to documents. This information may be provided
by reference to an Appendix.

1.4 References
In this subsection:
(1) Provide a complete list of all documents referenced elsewhere in the SRS
(2) Identify each document by title, report number (if applicable), date, and
publishing organization
(3) Specify the sources from which the references can be obtained.
This information can be provided by reference to an appendix or to another document. If
your application uses specific protocols or RFC’s, then reference them here so designers
know where to find them.

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1.5 Overview
In this subsection:
(1) Describe what the rest of the SRS contains
(2) Explain how the SRS is organized
Don’t rehash the table of contents here. Point people to the parts of the document they
are most concerned with. Customers/potential users care about section 2, developers care
about section 3.

2. The Overall Description

Describe the general factors that affect the product and its requirements. This section
does not state specific requirements. Instead, it provides a background for those
requirements, which are defined in section 3, and makes them easier to understand. In a
sense, this section tells the requirements in plain English for the consumption of the
customer. Section3 will contain a specification written for the developers.

2.1 Product Perspective

Put the product into perspective with other related products. If the product is
independent and totally self-contained, it should be so stated here. If the SRS defines a
product that is a component of a larger system, as frequently occurs, then this subsection
relates the requirements of the larger system to functionality of the software and
identifies interfaces between that system and the software. If you are building a real
system compare its similarity and differences to other systems in the marketplace. If you
are doing a research-oriented project, what related research compares to the system you
are planning to build.
A block diagram showing the major components of the larger system, interconnections,
and external interfaces can be helpful. This is not a design or architecture picture. It is
more to provide context, especially if your system will interact with external actors. The
system you are building should be shown as a black box. Let the design document
present the internals.
The following subsections describe how the software operates inside various constraints.

2.1.1 Operations
Specify the normal and special operations required by the user such as:
(1) The various modes of operations in the user organization
(2) Periods of interactive operations and periods of unattended operations
(3) Data processing support functions
(4) Backup and recovery operations

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(Note: This is sometimes specified as part of the User Interfaces section.) If you
separate this from the UI stuff earlier, then cover business process type stuff that would
impact the design. For instance, if the company brings all their systems down at
midnight for data backup that might impact the design. These are all the work tasks that
impact the design of an application, but which might not be located in software.

2.1.2 Site Adaptation Requirements

In this section:
(1) Define the requirements for any data or initialization sequences that are specific to a
given site, mission, or operational mode
(2) Specify the site or mission-related features that should be modified to adapt the
software to a particular installation
If any modifications to the customer’s work area would be required by your system, then
document that here. For instance, “A 100Kw backup generator and 10000 BTU air
conditioning system must be installed at the user site prior to software installation”.
This could also be software-specific like, “New data tables created for this system must
be installed on the company’s existing DB server and populated prior to system
activation.” Any equipment the customer would need to buy or any software setup that
needs to be done so that your system will install and operate correctly should be
documented here.

2.2 Product Functions

Provide a summary of the major functions that the software will perform. Sometimes the
function summary that is necessary for this part can be taken directly from the section of
the higher-level specification (if one exists) that allocates particular functions to the
software product.
For clarity:
(1) The functions should be organized in a way that makes the list of functions
understandable to the customer or to anyone else reading the document for the first
time.
(2) Textual or graphic methods can be used to show the different functions and their
relationships. Such a diagram is not intended to show a design of a product but
simply shows the logical relationships among variables.
AH, finally the real meat of section 2. This describes the functionality of the system in
the language of the customer. What specifically does the system that will be designed
have to do? Drawings are good, but remember this is a description of what the system
needs to do, not how you are going to build it. (That comes in the design document).

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2.3 User Characteristics

Describe those general characteristics of the intended users of the product including
educational level, experience, and technical expertise. Do not state specific requirements
but rather provide the reasons why certain specific requirements are later specified in
section 3.
What is it about your potential user base that will impact the design? Their experience
and comfort with technology will drive UI design. Other characteristics might actually
influence internal design of the system.

2.4 General Constraints

Provide a general description of any other items that will limit the developer's options.
These can include:
(1) Regulatory policies
(2) Hardware limitations (for example, signal timing requirements)
(3) Interface to other applications
(4) Parallel operation
(5) Audit functions
(6) Control functions
(7) Higher-order language requirements
(8) Signal handshake protocols (for example, XON-XOFF, ACK-NACK)
(9) Reliability requirements
(10) Criticality of the application
(11) Safety and security considerations
This section captures non-functional requirements in the customer’s language. A more
formal presentation of these will occur in section 3.

2.5 Assumptions and Dependencies

List each of the factors that affect the requirements stated in the SRS. These factors are
not design constraints on the software but are, rather, any changes to them that can affect
the requirements in the SRS. For example, an assumption might be that a specific
operating system would be available on the hardware designated for the software product.
If, in fact, the operating system were not available, the SRS would then have to change
accordingly.
This section is catch-all for everything else that might influence the design of the system
and that did not fit in any of the categories above.

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3. Specific Requirements
This will be the largest and most important section of the SRS. The customer
requirements will be embodied within Section 2, but this section will give the D-
requirements that are used to guide the project’s software design, implementation, and
testing.
Each requirement in this section should be:
 Correct
 Traceable (both forward and backward to prior/future artifacts)
 Unambiguous
 Verifiable (i.e., testable)
 Prioritized (with respect to importance and/or stability)
 Complete
 Consistent
 Uniquely identifiable (usually via numbering like 3.4.5.6)
Attention should be paid to the carefully organize the requirements presented in this
section so that they may easily accessed and understood. Furthermore, this SRS is not
the software design document, therefore one should avoid the tendency to over-constrain
(and therefore design) the software project within this SRS.

3.1 External Interface Requirements

3.1.1 System Interfaces

List each system interface and identify the functionality of the software to accomplish the
system requirement and the interface description to match the system. These are external
systems that you have to interact with. For instance, if you are building a business
application that interfaces with the existing employee payroll system, what is the API to
that system that designer’s will need to use?

3.1.2 Interfaces
Specify:
(1) The logical characteristics of each interface between the software product and its
users.
(2) All the aspects of optimizing the interface with the person who must use the system
This is a description of how the system will interact with its users. Is there a GUI, a
command line or some other type of interface? Are there special interface requirements?
If you are designing for the general student population for instance, what is the impact of
ADA (American with Disabilities Act) on your interface?

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3.1.3 Hardware Interfaces

Specify the logical characteristics of each interface between the software product and the
hardware components of the system. This includes configuration characteristics. It also
covers such matters as what devices are to be supported, how they are to be supported
and protocols. This is not a description of hardware requirements in the sense that “This
program must run on a Mac with 64M of RAM”. This section is for detailing the actual
hardware devices your application will interact with and control. For instance, if you are
controlling X10 type home devices, what is the interface to those devices? Designers
should be able to look at this and know what hardware they need to worry about in the
design. Many business type applications will have no hardware interfaces. If none, just
state “The system has no hardware interface requirements” If you just delete sections
that are not applicable, then readers do not know if: a. this does not apply or b. you
forgot to include the section in the first place.

3.1.4 Software Interfaces

Specify the use of other required software products and interfaces with other application
systems. For each required software product, include:
(1) Name
(2) Mnemonic
(3) Specification number
(4) Version number
(5) Source
For each interface, provide:
(1) Discussion of the purpose of the interfacing software as related to this software
product
(2) Definition of the interface in terms of message content and format
Here we document the APIs, versions of software that we do not have to write, but that
our system has to use. For instance if your customer uses SQL Server 7 and you are
required to use that, then you need to specify i.e.
3.1.4.1 Microsoft SQL Server 7
The system must use SQL Server as its database component. Communication with the
DB is through ODBC connections. The system must provide SQL data table definitions
to be provided to the company DBA for setup.
A key point to remember is that you do NOT want to specify software here that you think
would be good to use. This is only for customer-specified systems that you have to
interact with. Choosing SQL Server 7 as a DB without a customer requirement is a
Design choice, not a requirement. This is a subtle but important point to writing good
requirements and not over-constraining the design.

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3.1.5 Communications Interfaces

Specify the various interfaces to communications such as local network protocols, etc.
These are protocols you will need to directly interact with. If you happen to use web
services transparently to your application then do not list it here. If you are using a
custom protocol to communicate between systems, then document that protocol here so
designers know what to design. If it is a standard protocol, you can reference an existing
document or RFC.

3.2 Functional Requirements

This section describes specific features of the software project. If desired, some
requirements may be specified in the use-case format and listed in the Use Cases Section.

3.2.1 <Functional Requirement or Feature #1>

3.2.1.1 Introduction

3.2.1.2 Inputs

3.2.1.3 Processing

3.2.1.4 Outputs

3.2.1.5 Error Handling

3.2.2 <Functional Requirement or Feature #2>

…

3.3 Use Cases

This section contains use cases of the ------------------------ system.

3.3.1 Use Case #1

3.3.2 Use Case #2

…

3.4 Classes / Objects

This section contains major classes of the ------------------------ system.

3.4.1 <Class / Object #1>

3.4.1.1 Attributes

3.4.1.2 Functions
<Reference to functional requirements and/or use cases>

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3.4.2 <Class / Object #2>

…

3.5 Non-Functional Requirements

Non-functional requirements may exist for the following attributes. Often these
requirements must be achieved at a system-wide level rather than at a unit level. State
the requirements in the following sections in measurable terms (e.g., 95% of transaction
shall be processed in less than a second, system downtime may not exceed 1 minute per
day, > 30 day MTBF value, etc.).

3.5.1 Performance

3.5.2 Reliability

3.5.3 Availability

3.5.4 Security

3.5.5 Maintainability

3.5.6 Portability

3.6 Inverse Requirements

State any *useful* inverse requirements.

3.7 Logical Database Requirements

This section specifies the logical requirements for any information that is to be placed
into a database. This may include:
 Types of information used by various functions
 Frequency of use
 Accessing capabilities
 Data entities and their relationships
 Integrity constraints
 Data retention requirements
If the customer provided you with data models, those can be presented here. ER
diagrams (or static class diagrams) can be useful here to show complex data relationships.
Remember a diagram is worth a thousand words of confusing text.

3.8 Design Constraints

Specify design constraints that can be imposed by other standards, hardware limitations,
etc.

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3.8.1 Standards Compliance

Specify the requirements derived from existing standards or regulations. They might
include:
(1) Report format
(2) Data naming
(3) Accounting procedures
(4) Audit Tracing
For example, this could specify the requirement for software to trace processing activity.
Such traces are needed for some applications to meet minimum regulatory or financial
standards. An audit trace requirement may, for example, state that all changes to a
payroll database must be recorded in a trace file with before and after values.

4. Analysis Models
List all analysis models used in developing specific requirements previously given in this
SRS. Each model should include an introduction and a narrative description.
Furthermore, each model should be traceable the SRS’s requirements.

4.1 Sequence Diagrams

4.2 Data Flow Diagrams (DFD)

4.3 State-Transition Diagrams (STD)

5. Supporting Information

Appendix A – Background Research on:

 Topic 1
 Topic 2
 Topic 3
 ………
 Topic n

Appendix B – Data Dictionary

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