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    Chapter 3

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    Bao Khang
    The document discusses the structure of clauses and the functions of phrases within clauses. It identifies the typical elements of a clause including the subject, verb, object, complement, and adjunct. It also describes the basic types of clauses such as intransitive, transitive, complex-transitive, and lists examples of each.

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    Chapter 3

    Uploaded by

    Bao Khang
    37 views4 pages
    The document discusses the structure of clauses and the functions of phrases within clauses. It identifies the typical elements of a clause including the subject, verb, object, complement, and adjunct. It also describes the basic types of clauses such as intransitive, transitive, complex-transitive, and lists examples of each.

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    The document discusses the structure of clauses and the functions of phrases within clauses. It identifies the typical elements of a clause including the subject, verb, object, complement, and adjunct. It also describes the basic types of clauses such as intransitive, transitive, complex-transitive, and lists examples of each.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    37 views4 pages

    Chapter 3

    Uploaded by

    Bao Khang
    The document discusses the structure of clauses and the functions of phrases within clauses. It identifies the typical elements of a clause including the subject, verb, object, complement, and adjunct. It also describes the basic types of clauses such as intransitive, transitive, complex-transitive, and lists examples of each.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    of 4

    3.1.

    STRUCTURE OF CLAUSES
    3.2. FUNCTIONS OF PHRASES
    1. Subject: normally filled by a noun phrase

    Eg: The mice run up the clock

    2. Verb: always filled by a verb phrases

    Eg: When dinner was over, we went to bed

    3. Object: a NP or a Pre.P

    Eg: Bill is expecting a big surprise (DO)

    They are singing a song for the chicken (IO)  away from the V

    Anne knitted her husband a yellow pullover (IO, DO)

    (FOLLOW THE V)

    4. Complement: a NP or an Adj.P

    Eg: Nic has become a qualified engineer (SC)

    5. Adjunct: an Adv.P, a Pre.P, or a NP

    Adjunct, which are normally optional elements in clause structure and may be freely added to any
    clause

    Eg: Tony walked there (place) very quickly (manner)

    Liz walked ten miles that afternoon

    6. Obligatory and optional elements:


    - Obligatory: a subject, verb, object, or complement

    Eg: Harry seems ill.

    - Optional: adjunct, objects

    Eg: Joe is writing a letter

     O: a letter. Adjunct: in his notebook


     Adjuncts -> obligatory: eg: The waiter put the soup on the table.

    3.3. BASIC TYPES OF CLAUSES:


    * co Object => se la “transitive”

    1. SV (intransitive clause type)

    Eg: The dog barked

    2. SVA (intransitive clause type)

    Eg: A policeman lived in that house(Adjunct KHÔNG THỂ BỎ ĐI ĐƯỢC).

    3. SVC (intensive clause type -> Subj & Comp)

    Eg: That sounds a good idea.

    4. SVO (transitive/ mono-transitive clause type (only on object)

    Eg: everyone kicked the bullket.

    5. SVOA (transitive/ mono-transitive clause type)

    Eg: The government sent the envoy to Africa (= adjunct: place)

    This car costs me $900 (= adjunct: manner).

    6. SVOO (di-transitive clause type)

    Eg: They passed Auntie Ann the salt.

    7. SVOC (complex-transitive clause type -> O & OC)

    Eg: We imagined Uncle Bill much fatter.


    EXERCISES 1:
    1. The farmer (S:NP) was eating (V:VP) his lunch (O:NP) in the corn field (A:Prep.P)
    2. The committee (S:NP) considers (V:VP) your proposals (O:NP) rather unworkable (A:Adj.P).
    3. The transport manager (S:NP) could not decide (V:VP) on a new bus (A:Prep.P).

    The transport manager (S:NP) could not decide on (V:VP) a new bus (O:NP).

    4. Jim (S:NP) passed (V:VP) the salt (O:NP) down the table (A:Prep.P)
    5. The delinquent (S:NP) received (V:VP) a reprimand (O:NP) from the magistrate (O:Prep.P).
    6. The milk (S:NP) has gone (V:VP) sour (C:Adj.P). subjective complement
    7. Gordon (S:NP) sent (V:VP) his apologies (O:NP) to the meeting (A:PP hoặc O:PP).

    EXERCISES 2:
    1. The old fellow (S:NP) forgot about (V:VP) Jim (O:NP) yesterday (A:NP). => SVOA – type 5
    2. I (S:NP) wouldn’t make (S:NP) rice (O:NP) in that saucepan (A:PP) => SVOA – type 5
    3. Your Madras curry (S:NP) smells (S:NP) appetizing (C:AdjP). => SVC – type 3
    4. You (S:NP) may not deposit (V:VP) your boots (O:NP) on top of mine (A:Prep.P). => SVOA – type 5
    5. They (S:NP) rolled (V:VP) the barrel (O:NP) into the courtyard (A:Prep.P). => SVOA – type 5
    6. You (S:NP) must not walk (V:VP) on the grass (A:Prep.P). => SVA – type 2
    7. They (S:NP) consider (V:VP) poor old Andrei (O:NP) insane (C:Adj.P). => SVOC – type 7
    8. Barry (S:NP) sent (V:VP) Mary (O:NP) a bunch of carnations (O:NP). => SVOO – type 6
    9. Your luggage (S:NP) weighs (V:VP) seventy kilos (A:NP). => SVA – type 2
    10. The children (S:NP) played (V:VP) in the garden (A:Prep.P) all yesterday afternoon (A:NP). => SVA
    – type 1 (Vì 2 adjunct này đều là optional, có thể bỏ đi được nên thuộc type SV)

    1. He (S:NP), has been(V:VP), very generous(C:AdjP). Type 3


    2. Students(S:Np) have put (V:VP) their names(O:NP) on theirs books (A:Prep.P) Type 5
    3. All newborn babies (S:NP) bring (V:VP) their parents (IO:NP) a bundle of joy (DO:NP) type6
    4. Children (S:NP) called (V:VP) the man (O:NP) with white beard (A:Prep.P) Santa Claus (C:NP) Type
    7
    5. Anna (S:NP) looks (V:VP) happy (C: adjP) today (A:NP) type 3
    6. Stan Cláu (S:NP) gives (V:VP) children (O:NP) presents (O:NP) at Christmas time (A:Prep.P) Type 6
    7. The doctor (S:NP) found (V:VP) him (O:NP) in good health (C: Prep.P) after a through
    examination (A: prepP) type 7
    1. That people throw away money on gambling (S:That-cl) never (A: Avb P) ceases (V:VP) to amaze
    me (O:Inf.CL).
    2. I (S:NP) cannot imagine (V:VP) how the mistake could have happened (O:Wh-CL).
    3. He (S:NP) doesn’t seem (V:VP) to suffer much (O:Inf.Cl).
    4. You (S:NP) cannot order (V:VP) me (O:NP) to jump into the river (DO:Inf.Cl).
    5. I (S:NP) think (V:vp that you will catch him stealing the apples.

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