DAVAO CITY NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT

HEALTH OPTIMIZING PHYSICAL EDUCATION 3
STUDY GUIDE

TOPIC 1. SOCIAL DANCE

Social dancing like any other dance forms, continues to evolve and influence human beings
who love using movement to interact with each other. Social/ballroom dance is usually performed
with a partner and in groups or as a community activity for fun and enjoyment. They may also
have ceremonial, competitive and erotic functions. Standard and Latin dances are both types of
social/ballroom dancing that offers numerous physical, mental and social health benefits.
The term ―ballroom‖ is derived from the word ball which originates from the Latin word ballare
which means to dance (a ball-room being a large room specially designed for such dances).
Brief History, Nature and Characteristics Standard ballroom dances are smooth, flowing
ballroom dances that move around the entire dance floor in a counterclockwise movement. The
international Standard and International Latin techniques were codified by the Imperial Society of
Teacher of Dance (ISTD) to come up with a unified syllabus for all those interested in learning
ballroom dancing. These includes Foxtrot, Waltz, Tango, and Quick Step.
Latin ballroom dances are energetic dances which reflect the shift in rhythm of the music being
danced to. Latin dance has a rich cultural history rooted in the traditional dances of native peoples
of Latin America. Formal Latin dances includes Cha-cha-cha, Jive, Samba and Rumba.

TOPIC 2. CONTEMPORARY DANCE

What is Contemporary Dance?
Born in the 20th Century, contemporary dance is versatile and heavily features improvisation. Unlike the
structured nature of ballet, this form of dance conveys the freedom of movement.

It allows dancers to move their bodies in their own way and focus on emotional and physical expression.
At the end of the 19th Century, several dancers started to develop their techniques, focusing less on the
formal and traditional structure of ballet.
How Did it Develop?
In the year 1950, 'modern dance' emerged. Innovated by dancer Martha Graham, modern dance focuses
on breathing, movement, contraction and muscle release. Unlike modern dance, contemporary
combines genres including modern, jazz and ballet.

A student of Martha Graham, dancer Alvin Ailey incorporated African American ideas into contemporary
dance. By the 1940s, another of Graham's students Merce Cunningham removed dance from its
traditional setting and introduced the idea that movement could be random. Cunningham is often
known as the 'father of contemporary dance'.

Contemporary Dance Today

Today, this form of dance is a mix of different styles. Choreographers take inspiration from ballet,
modern and post-modern dance. Some create stories, others improvise their own style.
 TOPIC 3. HIP-HOP

The hip hop dance style originated in the Bronx, New York City during the late 1970s. The
influence of the music genre, fashion style, and dance took longer to develop compared to the rock
music scene in Canada. Although there was a temporary rise in popularity of the genre between 1989 to
1991, it remained an underground phenomenon in Canada until the early 2000s.
It became widely known after the first professional street dance crews formed, including Rock
Steady Crew, The Lockers, New York City Breakers, and The Electric Boogaloos. Much of hip hop dancing
came from the 1990s’ adaptation of funk styles such as the Running Man, the Worm, and the Cabbage
Patch. The 2000s brought forth dances like the Cha Cha Slide, and the Dougie.
Although the term “hip hop” generally refers to a style of music, there are several important
elements that define it. The main elements of hip hop culture include rapping, DJing, breakdancing, and
graffiti art. It can also include beatboxing, street entrepreneurship, hip hop language, fashion and style,
and more. Thanks to the rise of new media platforms in the 2000s, hip hop spread around the world
through social networking sites like MySpace, YouTube, SoundCloud, Worldstarhiphop, and Spotify.
These platforms spread the influence of the catchy culture and has since been adapted by artists around
the world to develop new sounds and styles.
The most common street-dance styles are: locking, hip-hop (aka hip-hop freestyle or new style),
popping, house (aka house dance) and breaking (aka B-Boying or its media-created name breakdancing).

TOPIC 4. CHEER DANCE

Cheerleading is a mainstay at both professional and student sporting events across the
world. It grew along with major organized sports as people moved to cities and started looking for
ways to spend their leisure time in the second industrial revolution. Originally a male activity,
cheerleading is now most popular with women.
Who Invented Cheerleading?
The first official cheerleader, Johnny Campbell, stepped into his role in 1898. Campbell, a
medical student, assembled a group that took the field and led the crowd in a chant at a football
game. The first cheer squad had six members, and they electrified the crowd. Later some even said
that the crowd's cheers helped spur their team, the Minnesota Gophers, to victory. Competing teams
started copying Campbell, and cheer was born.

What is cheer dance?

Cheer dance is a recreational activity and competitive sport composed of anorganize routine. It includes
required performance elements and skills like danceang gymnastics. Cheer dancers, when not
competing, help on encouraging thecrowds to cheer in team sport event.Some of the advantages of
cheer dancing includes: strengthening of the heartand lungs and reducing the risks of heart attack,
stroke, high blood pressure,and type 2 diabetes.

What are the terminologies used in cheer dance?

1. Flyers- these are the cheerleaders who are held and thrown into the airand are doing the stunts.
2.Bases or mounts - the se are the persons in charge of holding andcontrolling the throw of the flyers.
3.Spots – front spot and back spot members are those who stand behind orin front of the flyers and
support the flyers to prevent them from falling.They help the bases when lifting the flyers.

What are the performance elements in cheer dancing?

1. Motions– this element includes arm motions like hing V, low V, half-highand half-
low Vs, diagonals, K’s, L’s, T’s, broken T’s, and touchdowns.
2. Jumps – these are the feet movements through jumping moves like toe-touch, hurdler and pike
jumps
3. StuntS – are mostly those that can be seen from the flyers or selectedcheer dancers like bow and
arrow, liberties, scorpions and basket tosses.
4.Tumbling – cartwheel and round off are basic tumbling movements incheer dance while backhand
springs, round off backhand springs, backtucks, layout, and layout twists
5. Cheers, Chants, and Dance Routine – cheers and chants incorporatestunts, jumps, and tumbling and
are used to lead the crowd. Danceroutines, on the other hand, are used to entertain the crowd
duringbreaks.

What are techniques in executing the motions?

1. High V
2. Low V
3. Low Touchdown
4. Torch/punch
5. T Motion
6. K Motion
7. Clap
8. Clasp

TOPIC 5. FESTIVAL DANCE

Festival Dance Festival dance are cultural dances performed to the strong beats of percussion
instruments by a community of people sharing the same culture usually done in honor of a patron saint
or in thanksgiving of bountiful harvest. Festival dances may be religious or secular in nature.Some of the
famous festivals in the country include Sinulog of Cebu, Dinagyang of Iloilo, Ati-atihan of Kalibo, Aklan,
Buyogan and Lingayan of Leyte, Bangus of Dagupan,T’nalak of South Cotabato, Maskara of Bacolod City,
Bambanti of Isabela, and Kadaywan of Davao.
Example:The Ati-Atihan Festival is a feast held annually in January in honor of the Santo Niño (Infant
Jesus), Held on the third Sunday, in the town of Kalibo Philippines in the island of Panay originally came
from Batan, Aklan, then adopted later by some neighboring towns. The name Ati-Atihan means "to be
like Atis" or "to make believeAtis", the local name for the Aeta aborigines who first settled in Panay
Island and other parts of the archipelago.

TOPIC 6. HEART RATES

Heart rate is important because the heart's function is so important. The heart circulates oxygen and
nutrient-rich blood throughout the body. When it's not working properly, just about everything is
affected. Heart rate is central to this process because the function of the heart (called "cardiac output")
is directly related to heart rate and stroke volume (the amount of blood pumped out with each beat).
Normal heart rate
A normal heart rate is usually stated as 60 to 100 beats per minute. Slower than 60 is bradycardia
("slow heart"); faster than 100 is tachycardia ("fast heart"). But some experts believe that an ideal
resting heart rate is closer to 50 to 70. Regardless of what is considered normal, it's important to
recognize that a healthy heart rate will vary depending on the situation.
Hyperthermia is an abnormally high body temperature — or overheating. It's the opposite of
hypothermia, when your body is too cold.