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5006
Edexcel GCSE
Science
Biology B1b
Topic 3: Electrical and Chemical Signals
Topic 4: Use, Misuse and Abuse
Foundation and Higher Tiers
Thursday 9 November 2006 – Morning
Time: 20 minutes
Materials required for examination Items included with question papers
Multiple Choice Answer Sheet Nil
HB pencil, eraser and calculator

Instructions to Candidates
Use an HB pencil. Do not open this booklet until you are told to do so.
Mark your answers on the separate answer sheet.

Foundation tier candidates: answer questions 1 – 24.

Higher tier candidates: answer questions 17 – 40.
All candidates are to answer questions 17 – 24.

Before the test begins:

Check that the answer sheet is for the correct test and that it contains your candidate details.

How to answer the test:

For each question, choose the right answer, A, B, C or D
and mark it in HB pencil on the answer sheet. A B D
For example, the answer C would be marked as shown.
Mark only one answer for each question. If you change your mind about an answer, rub out the first
mark thoroughly, then mark your new answer.
Do any necessary calculations and rough work in this booklet. You may use a calculator if you wish.
You must not take this booklet or the answer sheet out of the examination room.

Printer’s Log. No.

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*N29034A*
W850/R1535/57570 6/5/5/

This publication may be reproduced only in accordance with Edexcel Limited copyright policy. ©2006 Edexcel Limited.
 Questions 1 to 16 must be answered by Foundation-tier candidates only.
Higher-tier candidates start at question 17.

Reaction time

Elisha investigated reaction times of four athletes at the start of a 100 m race. The race was started with
a starting pistol.

1. The best piece of equipment to use when measuring reaction times at the start of the 100 m race
would be a

A thermometer
B stop watch
C tape measure
D measuring cylinder

2. The sound of the starting pistol at the start of the race is detected by the

A ears
B eyes
C skin
D brain

3. For a reaction to happen a message must be sent around the body very quickly. This message
is sent by

A electrical impulses
B hormones
C red blood cells
D muscle cells

4. The reaction times of four athletes are shown in the graph.

reaction
time in s

A B C D

Which athlete had the fastest reaction time?

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 Falling over

Peter fell over and hurt his knee while running in his race on sports day. His knee started to bleed.

5. The main function of blood is to

A sense changes in the body

B provide energy for the body
C transport molecules around the body
D carry electrical impulses around the body

6. Which part of the blood helps to heal cuts in the skin and form scabs?

A red blood cells

B white blood cells
C platelets
D plasma

Use the following information to answer questions 7 and 8.

7. The picture shows a sample of Peter’s blood.

liquid X
cell Y

Liquid X is

A water
B plasma
C hormone
D platelets

8. The main function of cell Y is to carry

A carbon dioxide
B glucose
C oxygen
D insulin

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 White blood cells

Peter gets an infection in his knee. The number of white blood cells in his body increases.

9. This increase in white blood cells is because they destroy

A antigens
B antibodies
C receptors
D pathogens

10. Which row of the table describes what white blood cells can do to bacteria?

ingest (engulf) digest (destroy)

A yes yes
B yes no
C no yes
D no no

11. The drawing shows a blood sample from a person with an infection.

The number of white blood cells in the sample is

A none
B four
C twenty
D twenty four

12. Some sedative drugs reduce the number of white blood cells in the body. This is a good reason
to avoid

A barbiturates
B tobacco
C caffeine
D paracetamol

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 Tears

Tears protect the eyes from infections caused by microorganisms.

13. The substance in tears that kills microorganisms is

A water
B lysozyme
C antigens
D antibodies

14. The substance in tears kills microorganisms by

A digestion
B inflammation
C ingestion
D infection

Use the following information to answer questions 15 and 16.

The diagram shows the apparatus used to find out the effect of tears on bacteria. Tears were put into
a well in the middle of nutrient agar containing bacteria. After 24 hours a clear zone appeared around
the well as shown.

Petri dish well

containing
tears

nutrient agar
containing clear zone
bacteria

15. In which part of the apparatus have the bacteria been killed?

A the whole Petri dish

B the well containing tears
C the clear zone
D none of these

16. In the control for this experiment the well would contain

A tears
B water
C nutrient agar
D bacteria

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 Higher-tier candidates start at question 17 and answer questions 17 to 40.
Questions 17 to 24 must be answered by all candidates: Foundation-tier and Higher-tier.

Treating diabetes

Bryan has diabetes.

17. He must inject himself with insulin every day to

A raise glucose levels

B lower glucose levels
C increase the number of white blood cells
D decrease the number of white blood cells

18. The insulin that Bryan injects is made using genetically modified bacteria.
Which are needed to produce insulin in this way?

enzymes plasmids white blood cells

A yes yes yes
B no yes yes
C yes no yes
D yes yes no

19. Which statement is not true about the production of insulin using genetically modified
bacteria?

A There are few side effects

B Human DNA is used to produce the insulin
C A large quantity of insulin is produced
D Mammals are harmed in the production

20. In the past, insulin was obtained from pigs. It is better to use insulin from genetically modified
bacteria rather than insulin from pigs. This is because genetically modified insulin

A may be rejected
B will cure the diabetes
C has fewer side effects
D is made using pig DNA

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 Solvent abuse

Solvent abuse involves breathing in fumes from certain chemicals. People who inhale solvents put their
health at risk.

21. Several organs are affected when solvents are inhaled. Which organ is first affected?

A brain
B heart
C liver
D lung

22. One reason why health is put at risk is because solvents act in a similar way to alcohol.
Alcohol and solvents are both depressants.

Which row of the table correctly shows the effect of solvents?

damage to lungs reaction time

A no decreases
B no increases
C yes decreases
D yes increases

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23. A sample of patients were asked at what age they first inhaled solvents. The graph shows the
results of the survey.

number of
patients 200

100

0
5 10 15 20 25 30
age in years

The data in the graph suggests that most patients first tried inhaling solvents between the ages
of

A 9 to 12
B 13 to 15
C 24 to 30
D 100 to 120

24. The list shows ways to recognise someone who might be a solvent abuser.

1 chemical smell on the breath

2 slurred speech
3 dizziness
4 paint on the fingers
5 sores around the mouth

Which of the ways listed would not involve the nervous system of the solvent abuser?

A 1, 2 and 3
B 2, 3 and 4
C 3, 4 and 5
D 4, 5 and 1

TOTAL FOR FOUNDATION-TIER PAPER: 24 MARKS

Foundation-tier candidates do not answer any more questions after question 24.

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 Questions 25 to 40 must be answered by Higher-tier candidates only.
Foundation-tier candidates do not answer questions 25 to 40.

Paracetamol

25. Paracetamol tablets have a similar effect on the body as

A opiates
B solvents
C sedatives
D barbiturates

26. It is dangerous to take an overdose of paracetamol because it causes

A liver damage
B headaches
C viral infections
D diabetes

27. In Britain, in 1998, a decision was made to limit the amount of paracetamol that people could
buy from chemists and supermarkets.
Up to 16 g (32 tablets) could be purchased from chemists and 8 g (16 tablets) from
supermarkets.

The graph shows changes in the sales of three different tablets from 1998 to 2000.
annual sales 900 Paracetamol
(in millions of tablets) 800
700 Aspirin
600 Ibuprofen
500
400
300
200
100
0
1998 1999 2000
year

The effect of the decision was to reduce sales of

A paracetamol, aspirin and ibuprofen

B paracetamol and ibuprofen
C paracetamol and aspirin
D paracetamol only

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28. It was hoped that the decision to limit the amount of paracetamol that people could buy would
reduce

A the number of overdose cases

B the severity of an overdose
C profit from drug sales
D addiction

The World Health Organisation and tuberculosis

Tom read that the World Health Organisation (WHO) predicts that between the years 2000 and 2020,
there will be an increase in the number of people newly-infected with tuberculosis (TB). Of the
predicted 1000 million people infected with TB, 200 million people will show symptoms and 35 million
people will die.

29. Tom correctly calculated that the percentage of newly-infected people who will die from the
disease will be

A 3.5%
B 17.5%
C 20%
D 35%

30. Tom found out about the type of organism that causes TB and how it is spread.
Which row of the table is correct?

organism that causes TB how the disease is spread

A virus touch
B virus air
C bacteria touch
D bacteria air

31. Tom found out that some people become immune to TB as they produce

A antibiotics
B antibodies
C antigens
D antitoxins

32. Tom found out that there are many reasons why TB is an increasing problem.
Which reason is not correct?

A Global air travel has helped to spread the disease

B People have changed their diet
C There has been an emergence of drug-resistant TB
D Fewer people are vaccinated

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 The human brain

Susan Greenfield is a scientist who specializes in the brain and how

it functions.
Much work has been done by scientists such as Susan Greenfield on
voluntary and reflex actions.

33. Which of the following is not an example of a reflex action?

A the size of the iris changing in response to light intensity

B moving your hand away from a very hot object
C changing the shape of the retina in response to light
D ducking when an object flies close to your head

34. The diagram shows a reflex arc.

B D

Which label on the diagram is pointing to a motor neurone?

35. A reflex action is a response that can stop damage to parts of the body.
Which pathway shows how a reflex action happens?

A receptor motor relay sensory effector

B receptor motor sensory relay effector
C receptor sensory relay motor effector
D receptor sensory motor relay effector

36. Susan Greenfield’s work includes research into disorders of the brain.
Which of the following is not a disorder of the brain?

A grand mal epilepsy

B Parkinson’s disease
C stroke
D nephritis

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 Sex hormones

37. Female hormones vary throughout the menstrual cycle. The diagram shows changes in female
hormones and the development of a follicle during the menstrual cycle.

level of ovarian follicle

hormone

key
oestrogen
progesterone

1 7 14 21 28
day

From the graph, what is the effect of high levels of oestrogen?

A fertilisation
B ovulation
C menstruation
D implantation

38. What might be a reason for progesterone levels remaining high after day 21?

A to maintain the lining of the uterus for implantation

B to break down the lining of the uterus for implantation
C to increase ovulation in the ovaries
D to allow menstruation to occur

39. In some women the hormones do not work effectively. The only way in which they can
become pregnant is to have IVF treatment.

IVF treatment

A always involves fertilisation outside the body

B never causes multiple births
C never uses sperm
D does not use FSH

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40. The statements are about IVF treatment.

1 IVF treatment can produce many embryos.

2 IVF treatment can help women over 40 years old to have children.

Which of the statements have ethical implications?

A 1 only
B 2 only
C both 1 and 2
D neither

TOTAL FOR HIGHER-TIER PAPER: 24 MARKS

END

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