AP Physics B

2014 Scoring Guidelines

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 AP® PHYSICS B
2014 SCORING GUIDELINES

Question 1

15 points total Distribution

of points

(a) 3 points

For showing a parabolic path from point C that is tangent to the arc at C 1 point
For a maximum height of the parabolic path that is lower than point D 1 point
For showing the person traveling straight downward from point D 1 point
Note: the two paths may, but need not, cross each other.

(b) 2 points

For using the gravitational potential energy equation 1 point

(
DU g = mgh = (50 kg) 9.8 m s 2
) (4.1 m )
For a correct answer 1 point
DU g = 2010 J (or 2050 J using g = 10 m s ) 2

(c) 3 points

For using an expression of conservation of energy 1 point

U g1 = U g 2 + K 2
1 2
mgh1 = mgh2 + mu
2
For correctly substituting values 1 point
1
gh1 = gh2 + u 2
2
u = 2 g ( h1 - h2 )
( )
u = 2 9.8 m s2 ( 4.1 m - 2.4 m )
For a correct answer 1 point
u = 5.8 m s

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 AP® PHYSICS B
2014 SCORING GUIDELINES

Question 1 (continued)

Distribution
of points
(d) 3 points

For using a correct expression to solve for the time of fall 1 point
1
Dy = u0 t + at 2
2
For correctly solving for the time of fall 1 point
1
Dy = at 2
2
2 Dy
t =
a
2 (2.4 m )
t =
(9.8 m s2 )
t = 0.70 s (or 0.69 s using g = 10 m/s2 )
In the horizontal direction, the acceleration is zero.
R = ux t
For substituting the speed from part (c) into the constant-velocity equation for 1 point
horizontal motion
R = (5.8 m s)( 0.70 s)
R = 4.1 m (or 4.0 m using either unrounded speed of 5.77 m s or g = 10 m s2 )

Units 1 point

For correct units in the calculated answers to parts (b), (c), and (d) 1 point

(e) 3 points

For selecting “ pC < pB ” 1 point

For any indication that the speed at C is less than the speed at B 1 point
For an explanation of why the speed decreases from B to C, which includes the 1 point
following or equivalent statements:
by conservation of energy: U increases as the person moves from B to C,
therefore K decreases, resulting in a decrease in speed
OR
gravitational force opposes motion as the person moves from B to C,
which results in a negative acceleration and a decrease in speed
OR
by the impulse-momentum theorem: momentum decreases because the
force of gravity provides impulse opposing the motion of the person

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 AP® PHYSICS B
2014 SCORING GUIDELINES

Question 2

10 points total Distribution

of points

(a) 2 points
FB

mg FT
For showing the three force vectors for buoyancy, weight (gravity), and tension 1 point
For showing all the forces labeled and in the correct direction 1 point
One point is deducted if either or both of the following occur:
• Any other forces are indicated
• Any vector does not both touch and point away from the dot

(b) 3 points

For using Newton’s second law to sum the forces in the vertical direction 1 point
FB - FT - Fg = 0
FB = Fg + FT
For equating the buoyant force with the weight of displaced water, and expressing 1 point
this weight in terms of density, volume, and g
FB = Fg + 0.25Fg = 1.25Fg
rW Vcube g = 1.25mg
(1000 kg )
m 3 Vcube = 1.25m
For solving the equation to get a correct answer with units 1 point
(1000 kg m 3
) 1.25 = m Vcube
800 kg m 3 = rcube
Alternate solution Alternate Points
Answer based on direct comparison of densities of water and the cube: since the
buoyant force on the cube only depends on the density of water, and the net
downward force only depends on the density of the cube, the ratio of densities
can be determined.
For correctly substituting density and mass and determining the ratio of densities 2 points
rW Vg = mg + 0.25mg
rW V = 1.25m
rW = 1.25 rcube
Note: 2 points will be awarded for correctly writing down the ratio of the densities
even without showing any work
For the correct answer 1 point
(
rcube = rW 1.25 = 1000 kg m 3
) 1.25 = 800 kg m 3

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 AP® PHYSICS B
2014 SCORING GUIDELINES

Question 2 (continued)

Distribution
of points

(c) 3 points

For any use of Newton’s second law to sum the forces in the vertical direction 1 point
Fnet = ma = FB - Fg
For correct substitution 1 point
ma = 1.25Fg - Fg = 0.25mg
a = 0.25g

OR
Ê m ˆ
FB = rW gV = rW g Á
Ë rcube ˜¯
Ê ˆ
( )
FB = 1000 kg m 3 ( g ) Á
m
3˜
Ë 800 kg m ¯
, or rcube consistent with answer from (b)

Ê ˆ
(1000 kg )
m 3 ( g) Á
m
- mg
a=
FB - Fg
m
=
Ë 800 kg m 3 ˜¯
m
= ( )
1000
800
g-g
For calculating a correct answer, with units 1 point
a = 2.5 m/s 2

(d) 2 points

For selecting “Remains the same” 1 point

For providing a correct explanation 1 point
Example:
FB relates to density, volume, and g, none of which change.
Note: If the wrong choice is selected, the explanation is not considered and no
points are awarded.

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 AP® PHYSICS B
2014 SCORING GUIDELINES

Question 3

10 points total Distribution

of points
(a)
i. 2 points

For correctly ranking all 4 labeled points 2 points

1A 2B 4C 3D
Note: one point is earned for a ranking that identifies A and C as having the lowest
and highest temperatures, respectively, but incorrectly ranks B and D. For
example:
1A 3B 4C 2D or 1A 2B 3C 2D
A and C cannot have the same ranking as other points (e.g., 1 A 1 B 2 C 2 D)

ii. 1 point

For using the ideal gas law with correct substitutions for P, V, and n to get the 1 point
correct answer
PV = nRT
PV
T =
nR
P ( 4V0 ) 4 P0V0 4 P0V0
TD = 0 = or
3R 3R (3 mol)i R
Note: mole units need not be explicitly stated

(b) 2 points

For selecting “BC” only 1 point

For providing a correct explanation 1 point
Examples:
• For the gas to do positive work on its surroundings (or for work done on the
gas to be negative), P DV must be positive so DV must be positive.
• An expanding gas exerts a force in the direction of motion, doing positive
work.

(c) 2 points

“Positive” is the only box checked for which the Justify section will be read
For a correct explanation that mentions internal energy increases with the 1 point
temperature increase.
For a correct explanation that mentions the work is zero 1 point
Example:
The volume does not change in process AB, hence the work done is zero. The
temperature increase in AB means the internal energy increases. Since the
work done is zero, the positive change in internal energy must be provided by
heating.

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 AP® PHYSICS B
2014 SCORING GUIDELINES

Question 3 (continued)

Distribution
of points
(d) 3 points

For a correct expression of net work done on the gas from segments BC and DA of 1 point
the graph
Wnet = - ( P DV ) BC - ( P DV ) DA
For correctly substituting the values of P and DV into the above equation 1 point
Wnet = - (3P0 )(3V0 ) - ( P0 )( -3V0 ) = -9 P0V0 + 3P0V0 = -6 P0V0
For having a final answer that is negative 1 point
Alternate Solution Alternate points
For a correct expression or statement that the net work done on the gas is given by 1 point
the area enclosed by the entire path
Wnet = - ( DP i DV )
For correctly substituting the values of P and DV into the above equation 1 point
Wnet = -(3P0 - P0 )i(4V0 - V0 ) = -2 P0 i3V0 = -6 P0V0
For having a negative answer 1 point

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 AP® PHYSICS B
2014 SCORING GUIDELINES

Question 4

10 points total Distribution

of points

(a) 2 points

For using and substituting values into the equation for the electric field magnitude 1 point
due to a point charge, for both the x and y components
kq 1 q
E = 2 or i 2
r 4 pe0 r
For correctly calculating the x and y component values with units 1 point

Ex =
( )(
9 ¥ 109 N i m 2 C2 6 ¥ 10 -9 C )
= 6.0 N/C (or V/m)
( 3 m )2

Ey =
( 9 ¥ 10 9 N i m 2 )(
C2 2 ¥ 10 -9 C ) = 2.0 N/C (or V/m)
(3 m ) 2

Note: No points were deducted for omitting absolute-value symbols or showing

incorrect signs, since direction is assessed in part (b)

(b) 2 points

For showing the direction of the net electric field in quadrant II 1 point
For showing a direction of the net electric field consistent with the answers to 1 point
part (a)
(closer to the x-axis than to the y-axis if part (a) correctly has E x > E y ,
or closer to the y-axis than to the x-axis if part (a) has E y > E x ,
or at 45 degrees if part (a) has E x = E y
Note: The second point could be earned even if the vector was drawn in the wrong
quadrant.

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 AP® PHYSICS B
2014 SCORING GUIDELINES

Question 4 (continued)

Distribution
of points
(c) 2 points

For using a correct expression for the potential at the origin as a scalar sum 1 point
kq kq
V = 1 + 2
r1 r2
(
È -2 ¥ 10 -9 C ) (
6 ¥ 10 -9 C ˘ )
(
V = 9 ¥ 10 N i m
9 2
C Í
2
ÍÎ
) (3 m )
+
(3 m ) ˙
˙
˚
( )
= 9 N i m 2 C2 ( 4 C) (3 m)
For correctly calculating the potential, with units 1 point
V = 12 N i m C (or J C or V)

(d) 2 points

For selecting “Positive” 1 point

For providing a correct explanation 1 point
Example: Since W = qDV and both the charge and potential difference are
positive, it takes positive work to move charge q3 to the origin.

(e) 2 points

For using Coulomb’s law for the forces exerted on q3 due to charges q1 and q2
OR 1 point
For stating the relation between force and electric field components
k q2 q3 k q1q3
Fx = 2
and Fy = OR Fx = q3 E x and Fy = q3 E y
r r2
Calculate the components of F

Fx =
( )(
9 ¥ 10 9 N i m 2 C2 6 ¥ 10 -9 C 3 ¥ 10 -9 C)( )
= 18 ¥ 10 -9 N = 1.8 ¥ 10 -8 N
32 m 2

Fy =
( )(
9 ¥ 109 N i m 2 C2 2 ¥ 10 -9 C 3 ¥ 10 -9 C )( )
= 6.0 ¥ 10 -9 N
2 2
3 m
OR
( )
Fx = q3 E x = (6.0 N/C) 3 ¥ 10 -9 C = 1.8 ¥ 10 -8 N

Fy = q3 E y = (2.0 N/C) (3 ¥ 10 -9 C) = 6.0 ¥ 10 -9 N

For substituting the calculated components into an expression for the magnitude
1 point
of F

(1.8 ¥ 10-8 N) + (6.0 ¥ 10-9 N)

2 2
F = Fx 2 + Fy 2 =
= 1.9 ¥ 10 -8 N

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 AP® PHYSICS B
2014 SCORING GUIDELINES

Question 4 (continued)

Distribution
of points
(e) (continued)

Alternate Solution Alternate Points

For calculating the net electric field as a vector sum of the components calculated 1 point
in part (a)
Enet = Ex 2 + Ey2 = (6 N C)2 + (2 N C)2 = 6.2 N C
For substituting into the relationship between force and electric field and using the 1 point
value of charge q3
( )
Fnet = qEnet = q3 E = 3 ¥ 10 -9 C (6.32 N C) = 1.9 ¥ 10 -8 N

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 AP® PHYSICS B
2014 SCORING GUIDELINES

Question 5
15 points total Distribution
of points
(a) 2 points

The correct choice is “Q”.

Note: Selecting “Q” earned no points, but was required in order to earn credit for a
correct justification.
For recognizing that the current must be to the left in the rod (or clockwise in the 1 point
circuit)
For a complete explanation with no incorrect statements 1 point
Example: In order to stretch the springs, the magnetic force must be downward.
According to the right hand rule, this requires a current to the left in the rod.
Therefore, the positive terminal of the battery must be connected to point Q.

(b) 2 points

FS FS1 FS 2

or

mg
mg FB FB
Note: The spring force may be represented either as a single combined force or as
two separate forces due to the two springs.
For the spring force (or forces) drawn upward and properly labeled (with no 1 point
additional upward forces)
For the magnetic and gravitational forces drawn downward and properly labeled 1 point
(with no additional downward forces)
One earned point is deducted for any of the following:
• Any horizontal forces
• Any vector that is not distinct and/or does not both touch and point away from
the dot
• The vectors are not reasonably straight and reasonably vertical

(c) 4 points

For using a correct expression for Newton’s second law 1 point

Using a single spring force: FS - mg - FB = 0 or FS = mg + FB
Using two spring forces : FS1 + FS 2 - mg - FB = 0 or FS1 + FS 2 = mg + FB
For any recognition, implicit or explicit, that mg is balanced by the original stretch 1 point
in the springs and ultimately not part of this calculation
The spring force is 2k Dy . It is not necessary to explicitly show how the original
spring force is canceled by mg.
2 k Dy = FB
For correctly substituting BIL for the magnetic force 1 point
2k Dy = BIL
For solving for Dy to get a correct answer 1 point
Dy = BIL 2 k

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 AP® PHYSICS B
2014 SCORING GUIDELINES

Question 5 (continued)

Distribution
of points
(d) 4 points

For correctly labeling both axes with variables and units 1 point
Note: This point is not earned if axes are labeled with I as a function of Dy .
For using an appropriate linear scale on both axes 1 point
For correctly plotting the points 1 point
For drawing a reasonable and straight best fit line for the data 1 point
Note: The point (0, 0) may be included in the plot without penalty since it is also a
data point, though unmeasured and unrecorded.

(e) 3 points

For obtaining a relationship between the slope and the magnetic field B consistent 1 point
with part (c).
BIL BL
From part (c): Dy = = I
2k 2k
BL 2 k islope
slope = so B =
2k L
For calculating a slope using two points on the line drawn in part (d), including 1 point
data points only if they are on that line
Example: Using the two points (5.0 A, 14.2 mm) and (1.2 A, 3.0 mm) that are on the
line in the graph above.

(14.2
5.0 - 1.2 )
-3
- 3.0 10 m 11.2 -3m m
slope = i = × 10 = 2.95 × 10 -3
A 3.8 A A
For a substitution of values into the expression for the magnetic field B consistent 1 point
with part (c) and the calculated slope
2i(25 N m)i(2.95 × 10 -3 m A )
B= = 0.42 N Ai m or 0.42 T
0.35 m

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 AP® PHYSICS B
2014 SCORING GUIDELINES

Question 6

10 points total Distribution

of points

(a) 1 point

For correctly calculating the wavelength, with units 1 point

c = lf

l=
c
=
(
3.00 ¥ 108 m s )
f (
7.5 ¥ 1014 Hz )
l = 4.0 ¥ 10 -7 m or 400 nm

(b) 3 points

For using a correct expression relating frequency f, work function f , and 1 point
maximum electron kinetic energy K max
K max = hf - f or f = hf - K max
For recognizing that the maximum electron kinetic energy is equal to ee . 1 point
f = hf - ee
For correctly calculating the answer (with or without the correct units) 1 point
(
f = 4.14 ¥ 10 -15
)(
eVi s 7.5 ¥ 10 14
)
Hz - e i (0.65 V) = 3.10 eV - 0.65 eV
f = 2.45 eV
(or 3.92 ¥ 10-19 J)
Note: f can also be calculated using f = cl and hc = 1240 eVinm
f = hf - K max = hc l - K max

= (1240 eVi nm ) ( 400 nm ) - 0.65 eV (or use wavelength obtained in part (a))
= 3.10 eV - 0.65 eV
f = 2.45 eV (or 3.92 ¥ 10-19 J)
(c) 2 points

For an expression or statement that K max is zero at the threshold frequency 1 point
K max = 0 = hf0 - f
For correctly substituting the answer from part (b) into a correct expression to 1 point
calculate the threshold frequency
(
f0 = f h = (2.45 eV ) 4.14 ¥ 10 -15 eVi s ) or (3.92 ¥ 10-19 J) (6.63 ¥ 10-34 Jis)
f0 = 5.92 ¥ 1014 Hz

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 AP® PHYSICS B
2014 SCORING GUIDELINES

Question 6 (continued)

Distribution
of points
(c) continued

Alternate solution Alternate points

For using a correct expression containing the threshold frequency 1 point
K max = h ( f - f0 )
f0 = f - ( K max h )
Converting from eV to joules and substituting values
( )
K max = ( 0.65 eV ) 1.60 ¥ 10 -19 J eV = 1.04 ¥ 10 -19 J

(
f0 = 7.5 ¥ 1014 Hz - 1.04 ¥ 10 -19 J 6.63 ¥ 10 -34 J is )
For a correct answer with units 1 point
f0 = 5.93 ¥ 10 Hz
14

Note: The conversion to joules is shown for illustrative purposes and not required.

(d) 2 points

The correct choice is “Remains the same”. Selecting it earned no points, but was
required in order to earn credit for the justification.
For indicating that the energy of the photons (and hence the zero-current emf) 1 point
depends on frequency or wavelength
For indicating that the intensity does NOT change the energy of the photons or 1 point
photoelectrons (it only affects the number of photoelectrons produced) so it
does not affect the zero-current emf (stopping potential)
Example: The maximum kinetic energy of emitted electrons, and therefore the emf
to stop the current, depends on the frequency (or wavelength) of the light
source and the metal’s work function. It does not depend on the intensity of
the light.

(e) 2 points

The correct choice is “Decreases”. Selecting it earned no points, but was required
in order to earn credit for the justification.
For indicating that shorter wavelength (or higher frequency) photons have more 1 point
energy
For indicating that (since the photons have more energy and the intensity stays 1 point
the same) there must be fewer photons; therefore fewer electrons are emitted
Example: As the wavelength of the light source decreases, the frequency and
energy of each photon increases and therefore fewer photons are incident on
the metal to maintain a constant intensity. Fewer photons result in fewer
photoelectrons.

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 AP® PHYSICS B
2014 SCORING GUIDELINES

Question 7

10 points total Distribution

of points

(a) 1 point

The wavelength and frequency are related by c = l f

f =
c
=
(
3 ¥ 108 m s )
l (
520 ¥ 10 -9 m )
For a correct answer 1 point
f = 5.77 ¥ 10 14
Hz

(b) 1 point

The frequency does not change when light travels in a different medium
For an answer that is consistent with part (a) 1 point
f = 5.77 ¥ 10 14
Hz

(c) 2 points

For using a correct expression for the wavelength in oil 1 point

l u
loil = air or l = oil
n f
The second equation can be manipulated to obtain the first equation:
u c n c1 l
loil = = = = air
f f f n n
(520 nm )
loil =
1.52
For a correct numerical answer 1 point
loil = 342 nm

Units 1 point

For correct units in two of the calculated responses in parts (a), (b), and (c) 1 point

(d) 3 points

For selecting “Greater than” 1 point

For mentioning that there must be a phase shift upon reflection at both interfaces 1 point
For mentioning interference 1 point
Example: There is constructive interference for the observed light. In the oil, the
light traverses the oil thickness two times: 2 ¥ 171 nm = 342 nm , or one
wavelength in the oil. For constructive interference, reflections at the two
interfaces must then have the same phase shift. Since the refractive index
increases at the air-to-oil surface, it must also increase at the oil-to-plate
surface, so n plate > noil .

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 AP® PHYSICS B
2014 SCORING GUIDELINES

Question 7 (continued)

Distribution
of points

(e) 2 points

For mentioning that the color shifts toward the red end of the visible spectrum 1 point
For mentioning that the light’s path length in the oil increases 1 point
Example:
As the observer views the film from a larger angle, the light must travel a greater
distance in the film. This creates constructive interference for a longer
wavelength of light and causes the apparent film color to shift toward the red
end of the visible spectrum.

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