Sterling L & A Lines

Foreword
Introduction coordination, or Fleetpack assistance. Our people

are knowledgeable, professional, and committed to
This manual provides information needed to operate following through to help you keep your truck mov-
and understand the vehicle and its components. ing.
More detailed information is contained in the Owners
Warranty Information for North America booklet, and
in the vehicles workshop and maintenance manuals.
Reporting Safety Defects
If you believe that your vehicle has a defect which
Custom-built Sterling vehicles are equipped with vari- could cause a crash or could cause injury or
ous chassis and cab components. Not all of the infor-
death, you should immediately inform the National
mation contained in this manual applies to every ve-
Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) in
hicle. For details about components in your vehicle,
refer to the chassis specification pages included in all addition to notifying Sterling Truck Corporation.
new vehicles and to the vehicle specification decal, If the NHTSA receives similar complaints, it may
located inside the vehicle. open an investigation, and if it finds that a safety
For your reference, keep this manual in the vehicle defect exists in a group of vehicles, it may order a
at all times. recall and remedy campaign. However, NHTSA
cannot become involved in individual problems
IMPORTANT: Descriptions and specifications in this between you, your dealer, or Sterling Truck Corpo-
manual were in effect at the time of printing. Sterling ration.
Truck Corporation reserves the right to discontinue
models and to change specifications or design at any To contact NHTSA, you may call the Vehicle
time without notice and without incurring obligation. Safety Hotline toll-free at 1-888-327-4236 (TTY:
Descriptions and specifications contained in this pub- 1-800-424-9153); go to www.safercar.gov; or write
lication provide no warranty, expressed or implied, to: Administrator, NHTSA, 1200 New Jersey
and are subject to revisions and editions without no- Avenue, SE, Washington, DC 20590. You can also
tice. obtain other information about motor vehicle safety
from www.safercar.gov.
Environmental Concerns and Canadian customers who wish to report a safety-
Recommendations related defect to Transport Canada, Defect Investi-
gations and Recalls, may telephone the toll-free
Whenever you see instructions in this manual to dis-
card materials, you should first attempt to reclaim hotline 1-800-333-0510, or contact Transport
and recycle them. To preserve our environment, fol- Canada by mail at: Transport Canada, ASFAD,
low appropriate environmental rules and regulations Place de Ville Tower C, 330 Sparks Street, Ot-
when disposing of materials. tawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0N5.
For additional road safety information, please visit
Event Data Recorder the Road Safety website at:
www.tc.gc.ca/roadsafety/menu.htm.
This vehicle is equipped with one or more devices
that record specific vehicle data. The type and
amount of data recorded varies depending on how
the vehicle is equipped (such as the brand of engine,
if an air bag is installed, or if the vehicle features a
collision avoidance system, etc.).
Customer Assistance Center

Having trouble finding service? Call the Customer
Assistance Center at 1800STLHELP or 1800
7854357. Call night or day, weekdays or weekends,
for dealer referral, vehicle information, breakdown
STI-382-1 (2/09P)
A24-00862-000
Printed in U.S.A.
Foreword
19982009 Daimler Trucks North America LLC. All rights reserved. Daimler Trucks North America LLC is a Daimler
company.
No part of this publication, in whole or part, may be translated, reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted
in any form by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written per-
mission of Daimler Trucks North America LLC. For additional information, please contact Daimler Trucks North
America LLC, Service Systems and Documentation, P.O. Box 3849, Portland, OR 972083849 U.S.A. or refer to
www.Daimler-TrucksNorthAmerica.com and www.SterlingTrucks.com.
Contents
Chapter Page
Introduction, Environmental Concerns and Recommendations,
Event Data Recorder, Customer Assistance Center, Reporting
Safety Defects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Foreword
1 Vehicle Identification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.1
2 Instruments and Controls Identification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.1
3 Vehicle Access . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.1
4 Heater and Air Conditioner . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.1
5 Seats and Seat Belts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.1
6 Steering and Brake Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.1
7 Engines and Clutches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.1
8 Transmissions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.1
9 Rear Axles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.1
10 Fifth Wheels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.1
11 Pretrip and Post-Trip Inspections and Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.1
12 Cab Appearance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.1
13 In an Emergency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.1
Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I.1
1
Vehicle Identification
Vehicle Specification Decal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.1
Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard (FMVSS) Labels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.1
Canadian Motor Vehicle Safety Standard (CMVSS) Labels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.2
Tire and Rim Labels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.2
EPA Emission Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.2
Vehicle Specification Decal 1 2 3

The vehicle specification decal lists the vehicle
model, identification number, and major component
models. It also recaps the major assemblies and in-
stallations shown on the chassis specification sheet.
11/21/96 f080053
The specification decal is inside the rear cover of the
Owners Warranty Information for North America Fig. 1.2, Certification Label, U.S.
booklet. An illustration of the decal is shown in
Fig. 1.1.
1 2 3
GAWR TIRES RIMS PSI COLD
VEHICLE ID NO. FRONT AXLE

DATE OF MFR FIRST INTERMEDIATE AXLE
USE VEHICLE ID NO.
COMPONENT INFORMATION WHEN ORDERING PARTS
GVWR SECOND INTERMEDIATE AXLE
THIRD INTERMEDIATE AXLE
REAR AXLE
TIRES AND RIMS LISTED ARE NOT NECESSARILY THOSE INSTALLED ON THE VEHICLE.
DATE OF MFR 2400273040
MANUFACTURED BY WHEELBASE
ENGINE NO. 02/12/98 f080079
MODEL TRANS NO.
VEHICLE ID NO. FRT AXLE NO.
ENGINE MODEL 1ST INT AXLE MODEL 1. Date of manufacture by month and year.
1ST INT AXLE MODEL 2ND INT AXLE MODEL
2ND INT AXLE MODEL
3RD INT AXLE MODEL
3RD INT AXLE MODEL 2. Gross vehicle weight rating; developed by taking the
4TH INT AXLE MODEL
4TH INT AXLE MODEL
5TH INT AXLE MODEL 5TH INT AXLE MODEL sum of all the vehicles gross axle ratings.
REAR AXLE NO.
TRANS MODEL MAIN
FRONT AXLE MODEL RATIO
3. Gross axle weight ratings; developed by considering
REAR AXLE MODEL
FOR COMPLETE PAINT INFORMATION each component in an axle system, including
PAINT MFR
PAINT NO.
SEE VEHICLE SPECIFICATION SHEET
suspension, axle, wheels, and tires. The lowest
PART NO. 0459904BB60CA
component capacity is the value for the system
04/23/99 f080090 Fig. 1.3, Tire and Rim Label
Fig. 1.1, Vehicle Specification Decal, Canadian-Built

Vehicle Shown
NOTE: Labels shown in this chapter are ex-

amples only. Actual specifications may vary from
1
vehicle to vehicle.
Federal Motor Vehicle Safety

Standard (FMVSS) Labels
NOTE: Due to the variety of FMVSS certification
requirements, not all of the labels shown will
apply to your vehicle.
2
Tractors with or without fifth wheels purchased in the
U.S. are certified by means of a certification label
(Fig. 1.2) and the tire and rim labels (Fig. 1.3).
These labels are attached to the drivers side rear
door post, as shown in Fig. 1.4.
If purchased for service in the U.S., trucks built with-
out a cargo body have a certification label (Fig. 1.5)
attached to the drivers side rear door post. See 04/23/99 f080092
Fig. 1.4. In addition, after completion of the vehicle, 1. Tire and Rim Labels 2. Certification Label
a certification label similar to that shown in Fig. 1.2
must be attached by the final-stage manufacturer. Fig. 1.4, Labels Location (left-hand drive shown)
This label will be located on the drivers side rear
door post and certifies that the vehicle conforms to
1.1
all applicable FMVSS regulations in effect on the rims determine the load limitations on each of the
date of completion. axles.
See Fig. 1.3 for U.S. and Canadian tire and rim la-
bels.
09/28/98 f080023 EPA Emission Control

Fig. 1.5, Incomplete Vehicle Certification Label, U.S. Vehicle Noise Emission Control Label
A vehicle noise emission control label (Fig. 1.7) is
Canadian Motor Vehicle Safety attached to the left side rear door jamb.
Standard (CMVSS) Labels
VEHICLE NOISE EMISSION CONTROL INFORMATION
In Canada, tractors with fifth wheels are certified by STERLING TRUCK CORPORATION DATE OF MANUFACTURE 01/99
THIS VEHICLE CONFORMS TO U.S. EPA REGULATIONS FOR NOISE EMISSION
APPLICABLE TO MEDIUM AND HEAVY TRUCKS.
means of a "Statement of Compliance" label and the THE FOLLOWING ACTS OR THE CAUSING THEREOF BY ANY PERSON ARE PROHIBITED BY
THE NOISE CONTROL ACT OF 1972:
Canadian National Safety Mark (Fig. 1.6), which are A. THE REMOVAL OR RENDERING INOPERATIVE, OTHER THAN FOR PURPOSES OF
MAINTENANCE, REPAIR, OR REPLACEMENT, OF ANY NOISE CONTROL DEVICE OR
ELEMENT OF DESIGN (LISTED IN THE OWNERS MANUAL) INCORPORATED INTO THIS
attached to the drivers side rear door post. In addi- VEHICLE IN COMPLIANCE WITH THE NOISE CONTROL ACT.
B. THE USE THIS VEHICLE AFTER SUCH DEVICE OR ELEMENT OF DESIGN HAS
BEEN REMOVED OR RENDERED INOPERATIVE.
tion, tire and rim labels (Fig. 1.3) are also attached 2400273020
04/23/99 f080091
to the drivers side rear door post.
Fig. 1.7, Vehicle Noise Emission Control Label
IMPORTANT: Certain Sterling incomplete ve-

hicles may be produced with incomplete noise
control hardware. Such vehicles will not have a
vehicle noise emission control information label.
For such vehicles, it is the final-stage manufac-
turers responsibility to complete the vehicle in
conformity to U.S. EPA regulations (40 CFR Part
10/10/2006 f080024
205) and label it for compliance.
Fig. 1.6, Canadian National Safety Mark
EPA07 Exhaust Emissions
If purchased for service in Canada, trucks built with-
To meet January 2007 emissions regulations, en-
out a cargo body and tractors built without a fifth
gines manufactured after January 1, 2007, are
wheel are certified by a "Statement of Compliance"
equipped with an emission aftertreatment device.
label, similar to Fig. 1.2. This label must be attached
There is a warning label on the drivers sunvisor, ex-
by the final-stage manufacturer after completion of
plaining important new warning indicators in the driv-
the vehicle. The label is located on the drivers side
ers message display, that pertain to the aftertreat-
rear door post, and certifies that the vehicle conforms
ment system. See Fig. 1.8.
to all applicable CMVSS regulations in effect on the
date of completion. It is a violation of federal law to alter exhaust plumb-
ing or aftertreatment in any way that would bring the
Tire and Rim Labels engine out of compliance with certification require-
ments. (Ref: 42 U.S.C. S7522(a) (3).) It is the own-
Tire and rim labels certify suitable tire and rim combi- ers responsibility to maintain the vehicle so that it
nations that can be installed on the vehicle, for the conforms to EPA regulations.
given gross axle weight rating. Tires and rims in-
stalled on the vehicle at the time of manufacture may
have a higher load capacity than that certified by the
tire and rim label. If the tires and rims currently on
the vehicle have a lower load capacity than that
shown on the tire and rim label, then the tires and
1.2
EXHAUST AFTERTREATMENT SYSTEM INFORMATION

INDICATOR WARNING
CHECK CHECK STOP
LAMP(S)
(Solid) (Flashing) (Flashing) (Flashing)
Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 4
Indicator Lamp Filter Regeneration Filter Regeneration Parked Regeneration Parked Regeneration Required HEST (High Exhaust
Message(s) Recommended Necessary Required Engine Required Engine Shut System Temperature)
Derate Down
Diesel Particulate Filter is reaching Filter is now Filter has reached Filter has exceeded Flashing
Filter Condition capacity. reaching maximum maximum capacity. maximum capacity. A regeneration is in
Switch.
capacity. progress.
Required Action Bring vehicle to To avoid engine Vehicle must be Vehicle must be parked and a
highway speeds to derate bring vehicle parked and a Parked Parked Regeneration or Service Solid
allow for an Automatic to highway speeds Regeneration must Regeneration must be performed. Exhaust Components
Regeneration or to allow for an be performed Check engine operators manual and exhaust gas are
perform a Parked Automatic engine will begin for details engine will shut down. operating at high
Regeneration. Regeneration or derate. temperature. When
perform a Parked stationary, keep away
Regeneration as from people and
soon as possible. flammable materials,
vapors, or structures.
For a driver performed Parked Regeneration, vehicle must be equippeda dash mounted Regeneration Switch.
See Engine Operators Manual for complete Regeneration Instructions.

2401583000B
12/04/2008 f080147
Fig. 1.8, Sunvisor Warning Label
1.3
2
Instruments and Controls
Identification
Controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.1
Instruments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.10
Warning and Indicator Lights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.13
Instrumentation Control Unit 4 (ICU4) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.16
Instrumentation Control Unit 3 (ICU3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.19
NGI Instrument Cluster . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.23
Eaton Vorad . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.25
Roll Stability Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.30
Instruments and Controls Identification
Controls In the START position (if equipped), the engine will

crank until you release the key. The key will return to
Figure 2.1 represents a typical dash equipped with the ON position.
all of the standard and many of the optional instru- The engine start button (if equipped), is used to start
ments and accessories. the engine after the key is in the ON position. See
The instrumentation control unit (ICU) houses most Fig. 2.2. Turn the key to the ON position, then push
warning and indicator lights, most gauges, and a the engine start button.
message display screen. Warning messages and
diagnostic fault codes will appear in the message Power Windows
display screen. For more information, see the appro-
The drivers door has the master controls that oper-
priate heading in this chapter, depending on the type
ate both windows. See Fig. 2.3.
of ICU installed in the vehicle.
Press the top of the switch to close the win-
Ignition Switch dow.
The ignition switch may have three or four positions: Press the bottom of the switch to open the
OFF, ACCESSORY, ON, and START (if equipped). window.
See Fig. 2.1.
In the OFF position, the key slot is vertical; the key
Power Locks
can be inserted and removed only in this position. Press the U to unlock all doors. Press the L to lock
In the ACCESSORY position, the key is turned coun- all doors. See Fig. 2.4.
terclockwise. IMPORTANT: Remove the ignition key and lock
In the ON position, the key is turned clockwise. all doors when leaving your vehicle unattended.
6 7 8
5 9
16 14
15 10
13 12 11
11/14/2008 f611027
NOTE: Instruments and controls, and their locations, may vary from those shown.
1. Ignition Switch 7. Trailer Brake Control 12. Trailer Air Control
2. Headlight Control 8. Instrument Panel Gauges 13. Electronic Sound System
3. Multifunction Lever 9. Instrument Panel Switches 14. Climate Control Panel
4. Marker Lights Switch 10. Parking Brake Control 15. Horn
5. Instrument Panel Dimmer Switch 11. Hot Post 16. Cruise Control Switches
6. Instrument Cluster
Fig. 2.1, Instrument and Control Panel Layout
2.1
03/09/98 f610119
03/09/98 f610150
Fig. 2.2, Engine Start Button
Fig. 2.5, Power Mirror Control
Heated Mirrors, Optional

Press the top part of the heated mirror switch to heat
the mirrors. See Fig. 2.6. An indicator light will illumi-
nate above the switch when it is activated.
03/30/99 f610043
Fig. 2.3, Power Window Controls
03/09/98 f610127
Fig. 2.6, Heated Mirror Switch, Optional
09/15/98 f610078
Aero Side-View Mirrors, Optional
The heated, dual-axis mirrors are controlled by two
Fig. 2.4, Power Lock Control switches located on the driver door panel near the
door handle.
Mirror Controls
The L-R control on each switch selects which
Power Mirrors mirror (left or right) is adjusted.
The remote control mirrors are controlled by one The upper control controls the large flat mirror.
switch located on the driver door panel by the door
handle. Use the switch to select which mirror (left or The lower control controls the convex mirror.
right) is adjusted and to control the left/right move-
ment of the large mirrors. See Fig. 2.5. Instrument Panel Dimmer Switch
Lighted Mirrors, Optional The instrument panel dimmer switch is located to the
left of the instrument cluster. The instrument panel
These lights act like marker lights. The mirror lights lights can be brightened or dimmed by moving the
will come on when the marker lights are turned on. switch up or down. The dome light can be turned ON
by moving the switch all the way up.
2.2
Headlight/Parking Light Switch

Turn the control clockwise to the first notch to turn
ON the parking lights. Turn the control completely to
the right to turn ON the headlights.
Daytime-Running Lights
CAUTION 03/09/98 f610124
The daytime-running-light system does not illumi- Fig. 2.7, Clearance Lights and Blink Switch
nate the taillights or parking lights. Turn on the
headlight switch at dusk. Failure to do so may
result in a collision.
Vehicles equipped with daytime-running lights (DRL)
have the headlights illuminated at a reduced intensity
during daytime driving. These lights are not to be
used in place of normal headlights needed for re-
duced visibility and nighttime driving conditions.
The lights are automatically turned on when:
03/09/98 f610125
the vehicle is started;
Fig. 2.8, Fog Light Switch, Optional
the parking brake is released;
the headlight system is in the OFF position. Road Lights Switch
When daytime-running lights are actuated (the head- The road lights may be used for hazardous or low
light switch is OFF) only the headlights are illumi- visibility driving conditions. Turn the low-beam head-
nated, and at lower intensity. Marker lights, taillights, lights on. Press the top part of the switch to turn the
and trailer lights are not illuminated. road lights ON. See Fig. 2.9.
NOTE: A warning light is illuminated to alert you
that you are driving with reduced intensity head-
lights.
Clearance Lights/Blink Switch

To turn on the clearance lights, flip the switch up
from the OFF position to the ON position. To blink
the clearance lights, flip the switch up past the ON
position. The switch will return to the ON position. 03/09/98 f610126
See Fig. 2.7.
Fig. 2.9, Road Light Switch, Optional
Fog Lights Switch Idle-Speed Control, Optional
The fog lights may be used for hazardous or low vis-
ibility driving conditions. Turn the low-beam head- On electronically controlled engines, adjust the low
lights on. Press the top part of the switch to turn the idle speed in 25 rpm increments by pressing the top
fog lights ON. See Fig. 2.8. part of the engine idle switch.
When the key is turned OFF, the new low engine idle
speed is saved. Low idle specifications are provided
in the engine operation manual for your vehicle.
2.3
Hot Post, Optional Exhaust Brake, Optional

A hot post is provided as a source of power within The exhaust brake restricts the flow of exhaust gas-
the cab to operate 12-volt electrical accessories. A ses, which retards the engine. See Chapter 7 under
power and ground jack are included in the hot post. the heading "Engine Braking System, Optional" for
See Fig. 2.10. additional information. See Fig. 2.12.
03/09/98 f542032
Fig. 2.10, Hot Post, Optional

09/15/98 f610128
Heater/Air-Conditioner Controls
See Chapter 4 for detailed operating instructions of Fig. 2.12, Exhaust Brake Switch, Optional
the heater/air conditioner.
Axle Controls
Engine Brake Controls Interaxle Differential Lockout Control
Jacobs or Cummins C-Brake Switch, Valve Switch
Optional Differential lockout, standard on all dual-drive ve-
The engine brake is controlled by a dash-mounted hicles, is driver-actuated by means of a control
paddle switch that controls the degree of engine switch mounted on the control panel. See Fig. 2.13.
braking. See Fig. 2.11. See Chapter 7 under the A red indicator light comes on whenever the interaxle
heading "Engine Braking System, Optional" for addi- differential is locked out (switch is in the lock posi-
tional information. tion; no differential action between the drive axles).
03/09/98 03/09/98 f610137

f610129
Fig. 2.13, Axle Lock Switch

Fig. 2.11, Engine Brake Switch, Optional
Wheel Lock Switch
Min/Max Switch, Optional
A controlled-traction-differential feature is included or
This switch increases or decreases the amount of available as an option on some rear axles. A switch
braking effort the Jacobs or Cummins C-Brake will engages and disengages the controlled-traction fea-
apply. See Chapter 7 under the heading "Engine ture. See Fig. 2.14. See Chapter 9 for complete op-
Braking System, Optional" for additional information. erating instructions.
2.4
illuminated whenever the fifth wheel slide is

unlocked.
03/09/98 f610136
Fig. 2.14, Wheel Lock Switch

03/09/98 f610133
2-Speed Axle, Optional
Fig. 2.16, Fifth Wheel Air Slide Switch
The 2-speed axle switch allows you to put the axle in
HI or LO range. This feature is only available with Parking Brake Valve
automatic transmissions. See Fig. 2.15.
The yellow diamond-shaped knob operates the park-
ing brake valve. See Fig. 2.17. Pull out the knob to
apply both the tractor and the trailer spring brakes.
Push in the knob to release the tractor spring brakes.
Before the spring brakes can be released, the air
pressure in either air brake system must be at least
65 psi (447 kPa).
03/09/98 f350191 1
2
Fig. 2.15, 2-Speed Axle Switch, Optional
Fifth Wheel Air Slide Control Valve

Switch
CAUTION 03/10/99 f610291
1. Trailer Air-Supply Valve Knob
Do not activate the fifth wheel slide control valve 2. Parking Brake Control Valve Knob
while the vehicle is in motion. To do so could
cause damage to the fifth wheel member, the Fig. 2.17, Brake Valves
kingpin, the cab or trailer, and ultimately to the
drivetrain. See Chapter 6 under the heading "Brake System"
for instructions regarding use of the trailer air-supply
The fifth wheel air slide valve permits repositioning of valve and parking brake valve.
the sliding fifth wheel from inside the cab. Moving the
air slide control switch to the center position deacti- Trailer Air-Supply Valve
vates the control valve and locks the fifth wheel to
the baseplate. Moving the switch up from the center The red octagonal-shaped knob operates the trailer
position activates the control valve and unlocks the air-supply valve. See Fig. 2.17. After the vehicle air
fifth wheel slide mechanism, allowing changes to the hoses are connected to a trailer, and the pressure in
total length of the tractor-trailer and changes to axle the air system is at least 65 psi (447 kPa), push in
loads to comply with varying state or provincial laws. the trailer air-supply valve knob (it should stay in) to
See Fig. 2.16. A red indicator light, if equipped, is charge the trailer air supply system, and release the
trailer spring brakes. Before disconnecting a trailer,
2.5
or when operating a vehicle without a trailer, pull out The style and function of switch will vary with the en-
the trailer air-supply valve knob. gine make and model. See the engine operation
manual for details.
See Chapter 6 under the heading "Brake System"
for instructions regarding use of the trailer air-supply
valve and parking brake valve.
Air-Suspension Switch, Optional

CAUTION
Never exhaust air from the suspension while
driving. If the air is exhausted, the suspension
will not absorb road shocks and could be dam-
aged.
The air-suspension dump valve allows the air in the 10/02/2006 f610848
suspension to be quickly exhausted, lowering the
rear of the vehicle. This makes it easier to connect to Fig. 2.19, Request/Inhibit Regen Switch
or disconnect from a trailer. A control-valve switch
exhausts and fills the air suspension. To exhaust air Fan Override Switch
from the suspension, move the switch up to the ex- The fan override allows the cooling fan cycle to be
haust position. overridden so that the fan will run at all times. This
feature can only be activated when the engine is run-
Engine-Air Switch, Optional ning and the parking brake is ON. See Fig. 2.20.
When there is a risk of airborne snow plugging the
air cleaner, the engine-air switch closes the fresh-air-
intake openings in both sides of the hood, and draws
air from the engine compartment. See Fig. 2.18.
03/09/98 f610131
Fig. 2.20, Cooling Fan Override Switch
03/09/98 f610134
Tilt/Telescoping Steering Wheel
To tilt the steering wheel, push the control down
Fig. 2.18, Engine-Air Switch, Optional while tilting the column to the desired position by
gripping the steering wheel at a location closest to
The system is activated by moving the switch from your body. Release the lever to lock the column in
the NORMAL position to the UNDERHOOD position. place. See Fig. 2.21.
To telescope the steering wheel, pull the control up
Aftertreatment System (ATS) while pulling the steering wheel closer or pushing the
Request/Inhibit Regen Switch steering wheel further away. Release the lever to
lock the column in place.
A parked regen of the ATS can be initiated with the
request/inhibit regen switch. It may also be used to
inhibit the vehicle from performing an automatic
regen. See Fig. 2.19.
2.6
Push in the wiper/washer control knob to activate the

windshield washers. Fluid will continue to spray as
long as the control is pushed in. Upon release of the
control, the wipers will cycle an additional two or
three times.
Turn Signals
The turn-signal controls are located in the multifunc-
tion lever. Push the control down to activate the left
turn signal. Push the control up to activate the right
turn signal. If equipped with a self-canceling turn sig-
nal control, the control will cancel after the turn has
been completed.
03/09/98 f461563
Headlight High/Low Beam Control
Fig. 2.21, Tilt/Telescoping Steering Wheel
To change the headlights from low to high beam,
push the turn-signal control away from you. An indi-
Windshield Wiper/Washer Controls cator light will illuminate on the instrument cluster
when the high beams are activated.
WARNING To activate the low beams, pull the turn signal control
toward you until it clicks into position.
Do not use the windshield washer in freezing
weather without first warming the windshield
using the defroster. Otherwise the washer solu- Headlight High/Low Beam Control
tion may freeze on the windshield and obscure (Signal-Stat)
your vision. This could cause an accident, possi-
bly resulting in personal injury or property dam- To change the headlights from low to high beam, pull
age. the turn signal lever toward you. An indicator light will
illuminate on the instrument cluster when the high
beams are activated.
CAUTION
Do not operate the windshield washer when the
Flash-to-Pass
fluid reservoir is empty. Operating the windshield To momentarily flash the high beams with the head-
washer system when the reservoir is empty could lights OFF, slightly pull the turn signal lever toward
damage the system. the steering wheel, then release it.
Place the ignition key in either the ON or Accessory To momentarily flash the high beams with the head-
position. lights on, pull the turn signal lever toward the steer-
Turn the knob on the end of the turn-signal control ing wheel through the high beam detent, then re-
toward the front of the vehicle. See Fig. 2.22. The lease it.
control can be turned to LO, HI, or to an interval
speed. Rotate the control to adjust the interval and Cruise Control, Optional
speed.
WARNING
Do not use the cruise control system when driv-
ing conditions do not permit maintaining a con-
stant speed, such as in heavy traffic or on roads
03/09/98 f610138 that are winding, icy, snow covered, slippery, or
roads with a loose driving surface. Failure to fol-
Fig. 2.22, Windshield Wiper Controls low this precaution could cause a collision or
2.7
loss of vehicle control, possibly resulting in per- these conditions, downshift the transmission to a
sonal injury or property damage. lower gear.
See the engine operation manual for complete de- To Raise the Set Speed press and hold RSM/
tails of the cruise control. To turn cruise control on, ACCL. See Fig. 2.24. Release the control when the
press the ON button located in the steering wheel. desired vehicle speed is reached, or press and re-
See Fig. 2.23. Cruise control may not operate until a lease RSM/ACCL. Each press will increase the set
minimum vehicle speed is reached. speed by 1 mph (1.6 km/h). Or accelerate with your
To turn the cruise control off, press the OFF button accelerator pedal, then press and release SET/CST.
located in the steering wheel. See Fig. 2.23. Also, You can accelerate with the accelerator pedal at any
cruise control will be turned off when the vehicle igni- time during speed control usage. Releasing the ac-
tion is turned off. Once cruise control is switched off, celerator pedal will return your vehicle to the previ-
the previously programmed set speed will be erased. ously programmed set speed.
To Lower the Set Speed press and hold SET/
CST. See Fig. 2.24. Release the control when the
desired speed is reached, or press and release SET/
CST. Each press will decrease the set speed by 1
mph (1.6 km/h). Or depress the brake pedal and
when the desired vehicle speed is reached, press
SET/CST.
To Disengage the Cruise Control depress the
brake pedal or depress the clutch (if equipped). Dis-
03/09/98 f610048
engaging the cruise control will not erase the previ-
Fig. 2.23, Cruise Control ON/OFF Switch, Optional ously programmed set speed. Pressing OFF will
erase the previously programmed set speed.
To Set a Speed press SET/CST. See Fig. 2.24. To Return to a Set Speed press RSM/ACCL for
approximately three seconds. See Fig. 2.24.
Use of radio transmitting equipment that is not FCC
approved may cause the cruise control to malfunc-
tion. Therefore, use only properly installed FCC ap-
proved radio transmitting equipment in your vehicle.
Stationary Throttle Control

NOTE: The following applies to all engines ex-
09/15/98 f610046 cept the Caterpillar 3126.
Fig. 2.24, Cruise Control RSM/ACCL and SET/CST The cruise control may also be used as a throttle
Switch, Optional control for PTO applications under the following
conditions
For the cruise control to operate, the cruise control
must be ON. Cruise control may not operate until a the parking brake must be set; and
minimum vehicle speed is reached. See the manu- the clutch and accelerator pedals released.
facturers engine operation manual for specifics.
To operate the control feature:
If you drive up or down a steep hill, the vehicle
speed may vary momentarily slower or faster than Press ON;
the set speed. This is normal. Press and hold the SET/CST button until the
In mountainous areas, at higher elevations, or when desired rpm has been reached;
pulling a trailer, the cruise control may not be able to
Adjust rpm by alternately pressing the SET/
maintain the preset speed in the transmission gear
position selected. To maintain a preset speed under CST and RSM/ACCL controls.
2.8
The cruise control now functions as a throttle control.

To turn off the throttle control:
Press OFF or press the clutch (if equipped) or
accelerator pedal.
On the Caterpillar 3126 engine, the PTO will only
operate if the vehicle is in neutral. This feature can
be overridden by a special service tool; see your
dealer or service representative for more information.
Horn
Your vehicle is equipped with an electric horn and
may have an optional air horn. To activate the elec-
tric horn, press on the horn pad located in the center
of the steering wheel. To activate the air horn, pull 08/04/99 f260590
the cable located on the ceiling above the drivers
seat. Use either horn sparingly. Sound it only when Fig. 2.25, Allison Push-Button-Shift Selector
necessary.
Vehicles with these transmissions have a red do-not-
Hazard-Warning-Light Switch shift light in the lens and bezel assembly. Also, there
is a service light in the indicator panel on the shift
The hazard-warning-light switch is located below the selector. With the ignition switch on, both lights come
lever on the turn signal switch, and is operated by on for a few seconds; then, if there is no problem
pulling the tab out. When the tab is pulled out, all of with the transmission system, the lights will go out.
the turn-signal lights and both of the indicator lights Whenever there is a problem with the transmission
on the control panel will flash. To cancel the warning system, the lights will come on and stay on as long
lights, move the turn-signal lever up or down. as the problem exists.
If "Service" is displayed in the indicator panel, some
Trailer-Brake Hand Control Valve features may not work, but the vehicle can still be
Use this lever for applying the trailer brakes without driven. If the do-not-shift light comes on while driving
applying the truck or tractor brakes. The lever is (accompanied by eight short beeps from the shift se-
mounted on the dash. lector), operating limits will be placed on the trans-
mission, such as restricting upshifts and downshifts.
Transmission Controls However, the vehicle can still be driven to reach ser-
vice assistance. In either situation, have the problem
If equipped, the transmission range-control valve and repaired as soon as possible. See the Allison Trans-
splitter valve are attached to the gearshift knob. mission Service Manual for troubleshooting proce-
Transmission shift-pattern labels are located inside dures.
the cab. See Chapter 8 for complete transmission
See Chapter 8 for transmission operating instruc-
operating instructions.
tions.
Allison Automatic-Transmission Suspension Seat Adjustment Controls
Controls
All adjustment controls for a suspension seat are lo-
Allison HD-series automatic-transmission models are cated on the seat base. See Chapter 5 for instruc-
controlled by an electronic control unit (ECU). The tions.
ECU processes information from sensors, pressure
switches, and the shift selector to automatically con-
trol the transmission according to programmed speci-
fications. See Fig. 2.25.
2.9
Battery-Isolation Switch
The battery-isolation switch (see Fig. 2.26) is located
on the cab floor at the left of the drivers seat, or in-
side the battery box. The battery-isolation switch re-
duces the power to the cab and engine power wiring.
Use it whenever the vehicle is to be put out of ser-
vice for extended periods.
03/09/98 f610075
Fig. 2.27, Tachometer/Engine Hours Meter
Speedometer/Odometer
The speedometer registers speed in both miles per
hour (mph) and kilometers per hour (km/h). The
odometer indicates the total distance that the vehicle
has been driven. See Fig. 2.28.
11/02/1999 f150991
Fig. 2.26, Cab (Battery) Isolation Switch

03/09/98 f610074
IMPORTANT: The battery isolation switch does
Fig. 2.28, Speedometer/Odometer
not completely isolate the batteries from the
electrical system. For service operations that Engine Oil Pressure Gauge
require that the batteries be disconnected, al-
ways shut down the engine and remove the
negative battery cables. CAUTION
NOTE: Whenever battery power is discon- A sudden decrease or absence of engine oil
nected, clocks and electronically tuned radios pressure may indicate mechanical failure. Bring
must be reset. the vehicle to a safe stop, and investigate the
cause to prevent further damage. Do not operate
the engine until the cause has been determined
Instruments and corrected.
Tachometer/Engine Hours Meter Refer to the engine operation manual for the specific
safe-operating range for your vehicle. See Fig. 2.29.
The tachometer indicates engine speed in hundreds
of revolutions per minute (rpm) and serves as a
guide for shifting the transmission and for keeping
Coolant Temperature Gauge
the engine in the appropriate rpm range. See During normal operation, the coolant temperature
Fig. 2.27. gauge should read 180 to 210F (82 to 99C). See
The engine hours meter indicates the total hours the Fig. 2.30. Refer to the engine operation manual for
engine has been run. the specific safe-operating range for your vehicle. If
the temperature remains below normal or exceeds
2.10
03/09/98 f610065 03/09/98 f610066
Fig. 2.29, Engine Oil Pressure Gauge Fig. 2.31, Engine Oil Temperature Gauge, Optional
the maximum, inspect the cooling system to deter- Voltmeter

mine the cause. See Group 20 of the Sterling L-Line
and A-Line Workshop Manual for troubleshooting and
repair procedures. CAUTION
Gel cell batteries can be damaged if the battery
voltage is allowed to drop below 12.0 volts or if
the charging voltage is more than 14.1 volts.
Start the engine to recharge the gel cell before
the battery becomes fully discharged. If an exter-
nal charger is needed, disconnect the gel cell
battery and use only an external battery charger
that has been approved for gel cell batteries.
03/09/98 f610067
The voltmeter indicates the vehicle charging system
voltage when the engine is running, and the battery
Fig. 2.30, Coolant Temperature Gauge voltage when the engine is stopped. See Fig. 2.32.
By monitoring the voltmeter, the driver can be aware
Engine Oil Temperature Gauge, of potential charging system problems and have
them fixed before the batteries discharge enough to
Optional create starting difficulties.
CAUTION
A sudden increase in engine oil temperature that
is not caused by a load increase may indicate
mechanical failure. Bring the vehicle to a safe
stop, and investigate the cause to prevent further
damage. Do not operate the engine until the
cause has been determined and corrected.
During normal operation, the engine oil temperature 03/09/98 f610063
gauge should read 140 to 230F (60 to 110C). See
Fig. 2.31. Fig. 2.32, Voltmeter
Under heavy loads, such as when climbing steep The voltmeter will normally show approximately 13.7
grades, temperatures that exceed the normal oil tem- to 14.1 volts when the engine is running. The voltage
perature range for a short period are not unusual. of a fully charged battery is 12.7 to 12.8 volts when
the engine is stopped. A completely discharged bat-
tery will produce only about 12.0 volts. The voltmeter
will indicate lower voltage as the vehicle is being
2.11
started or when electrical devices in the vehicle are

being used.
If the voltmeter shows an undercharged or over-
charged condition for an extended period, have the
charging system and batteries checked at a repair
facility.
On a vehicle equipped with a battery isolator system,
the voltmeter measures the average voltage of all of
the batteries when the engine is running. When the
engine is stopped, the voltmeter shows only the gel 03/09/98 f610070
cell battery voltage and does not indicate the voltage
of the engine-starting batteries. Fig. 2.34, Air Pressure Gauges
Pyrometer, Optional Fuel Gauge

A pyrometer registers the exhaust temperature near The fuel gauge indicates the level of fuel in the fuel
the turbocharger. See Fig. 2.33. tank(s). See Fig. 2.35.
03/09/98 f610064
05/20/99 f610069
Fig. 2.33, Pyrometer, Optional Fig. 2.35, Fuel Gauge
Variations in engine load can cause exhaust tem- Transmission Oil Temperature Gauge,
peratures to vary. If the pyrometer reading shows Optional
that exhaust temperature exceeds normal, reduce
fuel to the engine until the exhaust temperature is
reduced. Shift to a lower gear if the engine is over- CAUTION
loaded.
A sudden increase in transmission oil tempera-
Primary and Secondary Air Pressure ture that is not caused by a load increase may
indicate mechanical failure. Bring the vehicle to a
Gauges safe stop, and investigate the cause to prevent
Air pressure gauges register the pressure in the pri- further damage. Do not operate the vehicle until
mary (green) and secondary (red) air systems. See the cause has been determined and corrected.
Fig. 2.34. Normal pressure, with the engine running, During normal operation, the transmission oil tem-
is 100 to 120 psi (689 to 827 kPa) in both systems. A perature gauge reading should not exceed 250F
low-air-pressure warning light and buzzer, connected (121C). See Fig. 2.36.
to both the primary and secondary systems, activate
when air pressure in either system drops below a
minimum pressure of 60 psi (414 kPa). When the
engine is started, the warning light and buzzer re-
main on until air pressure in both systems exceeds
minimum pressure.
2.12
Intake-Air Restriction Gauge, Optional

An intake-air restriction gauge measures the vacuum
on the engine side of the air cleaner at the air
cleaner outlet. See Fig. 2.38. If the gauge stays
locked at or above the service reading in Table 2.1
after the engine is shut down, the air cleaner needs
to be serviced. After the air cleaner has been ser-
viced, press the reset button on the gauge.
03/09/98 f610071
NOTE: Rain or snow can wet the air filter, which
Fig. 2.36, Transmission Oil Temperature Gauge, can temporarily cause a higher than normal
Optional reading.
Forward and Rear Axle Oil
Temperature Gauges, Optional
CAUTION
A sudden increase in axle oil temperature that is
not caused by a load increase may indicate me-
chanical failure. Bring the vehicle to a safe stop,
and investigate the cause to prevent further dam- 03/09/98 f610068
age. Do not operate the vehicle until the cause
has been determined and corrected. Fig. 2.38, Intake-Air Restriction Gauge, Optional
During normal operation, forward and rear axle oil Intake-Air Restriction Vacuum Readings
temperature gauges should read between 150 and
Engine Type* Initial inH2O Service inH2O
230F (65 and 110C). Under heavy loads, such as
Cummins 12 25
when climbing steep grades, temperatures up to a
maximum of 250F (121C) are not unusual. See Detroit Diesel 12 20
Fig. 2.37. Caterpillar 15 25
Mercedes-Benz 10 22
* Turbocharged engines must be checked at full load and governed en-
gine speed.
Table 2.1, Intake-Air Restriction Vacuum Readings
Warning and Indicator Lights

03/09/98 f610072
Dash lightbars have warning and indicator lights that
may be lettering or icons. Up until December 31,
Fig. 2.37, Tandem Axle Oil Temperature Gauges,
Optional 2006, the warning and indicator lights were a mixture
of ISO icons and lettering. Since January 2007, ISO
Application Air Pressure Gauge, icons are used for all standard warning and indicator
lights on the dash lightbar. See Table 2.2 for descrip-
Optional tions of the icons.
An application air pressure gauge registers the air
pressure being used to apply the brakes and should
be used for reference only. The gauge will not regis-
ter air pressure until the foot brake pedal is de-
pressed or the trailer hand brake is applied.
2.13
Warning and Indicator Light Icons

Indicates an undesirable engine condition is detected or
recorded. The vehicle can still be driven. If the condition gets
CHECK Check Engine (amber)
worse, the stop engine or engine protection light will
illuminate.
Indicates a serious fault that requires the engine shut down
immediately. The engine ECU will reduce the maximum
engine torque and speed, and, if the condition does not
improve, will shut down the engine within 30 seconds of the
light illuminating. The driver must safely bring the vehicle to
STOP Stop Engine or Engine Protect (red)
a stop on the side of the road and shut down the engine as
soon as the red light is seen. If the engine shuts down while
the vehicle is in a hazardous location, the engine can be
restarted after turning the key to the OFF position for a few
seconds.
Slow (10-second) flash indicates a regeneration is in
progress, and the driver is not controlling the engine idle
speed.
High Exhaust System Temperature Steadily illuminated indicates a regeneration is in progress,

(HEST) Lamp (amber) with high exhaust temperatures at the outlet of the tail pipe,
if the speed is below 5 mph (8 km/h). It does not signify the
need for service; it only alerts the vehicle operator of high
exhaust temperatures. See the engine operation manual for
details.
Steadily illuminated indicates a regeneration is required.
Change to a more challenging duty cycle, such as highway
driving, to raise exhaust temperatures for at least 20
minutes, or perform a parked regeneration. See the engine
Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF) Lamp operation manual for details.
(amber)
Blinking indicates that a parked regeneration is required
immediately. An engine derate and shutdown will occur. See
the engine operation manual for details on how to perform a
stationary regeneration.
Indicates an engine emissions-related fault, including, but not
Malfunction Indicator Lamp (MIL) (amber) limited to the aftertreatment system. See the engine
operation manual for details.
Indicates a problem with the ABS is detected. Repair the

Tractor ABS Lamp (amber) tractor ABS immediately to ensure full antilock braking
capability.
Trailer ABS Lamp (amber) Indicates a fault is detected with the trailer ABS.
Flashes on and off whenever the outside turn signal lights

Left-Turn Signal (green)
are flashing.
Flashes on and off whenever the outside turn signal lights

Right-Turn Signal (green)
are flashing.
2.14
Warning and Indicator Light Icons
High-Beam Indicator (blue) Indicates the headlights are on high beam.
Activates with a buzzer when air pressure in the primary or

Low Air Pressure Warning Lamp (red) secondary air reservoir falls below 64 to 76 psi (440 to 525
kPa).
Activates with a buzzer when the coolant temperature goes

High Coolant Temperature Warning Lamp
above a maximum level specified by the engine
(red)
manufacturer (see the engine manual).
Activates with a buzzer when engine oil pressure goes below

Low Engine Oil Pressure Warning Lamp
a minimum level specified by the engine manufacturer (see
(red)
the engine manual).
Indicates the parking brake is engaged, or hydraulic brake

Parking/Emergency Brake Lamp
fluid pressure is low. A buzzer activates when the vehicle is
BRAKE (BRAKE!) (Red)
moving over 2 mph (3 km/h) with the parking brake set.
Illuminates for 15 seconds when the ignition key is turned to

Fasten Seat Belt Lamp (red)
the ON position.
Intake Heater Lamp (amber) Indicates the intake air heater is active.
Water in Fuel Lamp (amber) Indicates that the fuel could contain water.
Low Battery Voltage Lamp (red) Indicates battery voltage is 11.9 volts or less.
NO
CHARGE No Charge Lamp (amber) Indicates an alternator charge output failure.
Table 2.2, Warning and Indicator Light Icons
Engine Protection tion. This condition should be reported to an autho-

rized service center as soon as possible. Refer to the
IMPORTANT: Drivers of electronically controlled engine operation manual for details of the engine
engines should know the extent of the warning/ protection system in your vehicle. See Fig. 2.39.
warning-shutdown system before operating the
vehicle. This information can be obtained from Red Stop Engine Lamp
your dealer. When the red Stop Engine lamp comes on, the com-
puter has detected a major malfunction in the engine
Amber Check Engine Warning Lamp that requires immediate attention. It is the opera-
When the amber Check Engine warning lamp comes tors responsibility to shut down the engine to
on for any reason, the vehicle can still be operated, avoid serious damage. Refer to the engine opera-
and the driver can proceed to the required destina- tion manual for details of the engine protection
system in your vehicle.
2.15
fuel gauge
air gauges
CHECK STOP The following gauges have a warning light on the
gauge:
engine coolant temperature (high)
03/20/2008
1 2 3 f611000 engine oil pressure (low)
1. Stop Engine Override Switch fuel level (low)
2. Amber Check Engine Warning Lamp
3. Red Stop Engine Lamp
Fig. 2.39, Engine Protection Warning Lights 5
40
60 100
PSI PSI P
0 100 CHECK STOP ABS ABS

0 160
If the engine shuts down while the vehicle is in a

OIL AIR
4 6 7 8
hazardous location, the engine can be restarted after 150 200
60 100
turning the key to the OFF position for a few sec- 100
F
250
15 35
45 55
PSI
0
S
160
WATER 10 RPM 20 AIR
onds, to allow the driver to move the vehicle to a 3

X 100 25
15
50
30
70
90
110
65
75
9
5 25
safe location. 12
0 30
5
10
130
85 1/2
MPH km/h
8 16 E F
VOLTS
Stop Engine Override Switch

FUEL
2 1 11 10
10/06/2008 f611017
CAUTION 1. Tachometer 7. Mode/Reset Switch
Using the override button so the engine operates 2. Voltmeter 8. Primary Air Pressure
3. Engine Coolant Gauge
for an extended period may result in engine dam- Temperature Gauge 9. Secondary Air
age. The operator has the responsibility to take 4. Engine Oil Pressure Pressure Gauge
action to avoid engine damage. Gauge 10. Fuel Level Gauge
The vehicle may be equipped with a Stop Engine 5. Lightbar 11. Speedometer
6. Dash Message Center
Override (SEO) switch, that can be used to override
the shutdown sequence. This override resets the Fig. 2.40, ICU4 Instrument Cluster
shutdown timer, restoring power to the level when
the red stop engine lamp was illuminated. The switch Buzzer and Chime
must be recycled after five seconds to obtain a sub-
sequent override. A buzzer sounds for three seconds during the self-
test at start-up, and when the following conditions
exist:
Instrumentation Control Unit 4
low air pressure
(ICU4)
low oil pressure
The ICU4 instrument cluster is an individual gauge
cluster, with a lightbar with a driver message display high coolant temperature
screen, and integrated warning and indicator lights. the parking brake is applied and the vehicle is
See Fig. 2.40 for a typical layout of the gauges. moving at a speed of at least 2 mph (3 km/h)
Standard gauges are: A chime sounds when the parking brake is off and
speedometer the door is open, or when the headlights are on and
the door is open.
engine coolant temperature gauge
engine oil pressure gauge
voltmeter
2.16
Ignition Sequence played, then hold the switch to enter the fault code
screen sequence. Once the initial fault code is dis-
When the ignition key is turned on, the ICU4 begins played, push the switch to cycle through additional
a self-test. During this process, all gauges controlled diagnostic codes relating to the first fault. Hold the
by the cluster sweep to full scale and return, the switch to display additional faults or return to the
buzzer sounds for three seconds, the fasten seat belt DIAG screen. If service cycle screens are enabled,
warning light illuminates for 15 seconds, and the bat- service interval information is displayed before fault
tery voltage, low air pressure, and parking brake code information is displayed.
warning lights illuminate then turn off. Then the soft-
ware revision level of the ICU4 is displayed, followed When the word SERVICE appears on the DIAG mes-
by active faults, if any, then the odometer display. sage display screen, service cycle screens are en-
abled. Hold the mode/reset switch at the DIAG
Mode/Reset Switch screen to display miles or hours remaining until the
next scheduled service. When MI appears on the
The mode/reset switch controls the display of the DIAG screen, service miles are enabled; when
odometer, trip miles and hours, engine miles and HOURS appears on the screen, service hours are
hours, service cycle screens, fault code screens, and enabled. Either service miles or hours can be en-
oil level screens (on some Mercedes-Benz engines; abled, but not both. When service miles or hours has
if equipped and enabled). been exceeded, the number flashes to indicate ser-
vice is overdue.
With the parking brake released, only the basic func-
tion screens, which include odometer, trip miles, and Engine Screens
trip hours, can be accessed. Park the vehicle and set
the parking brake to access additional screen func- Push the mode/reset switch once following the DIAG
tions. screen and the word ENGINE is displayed in the
lower right corner of the digital display. Hold the
Basic Function Screens switch to display total engine miles. Push then hold it
again to display total engine hours. If OIL LVL is dis-
When the odometer is displayed, push the mode/
played earlier with ENGINE (only on vehicles with
reset switch once to display trip distance, and push it
Mercedes-Benz engines; if equipped and enabled)
again to display trip hours. Both numbers are calcu-
hold the switch again to access oil level screens.
lated from the last time the value was reset. Hold the
switch when either number is displayed, to reset the Setup Screens
value to zero. See Fig. 2.41.
See Fig. 2.43 for setup screens.
Diagnostic Screens
Press the mode reset switch while in the engine dis-
During vehicle start-up, with the parking brake on, play screen, to sequence to the SETUP screen. Hold
the ICU4 displays any active fault codes for three the mode switch while in the SETUP screen, to se-
seconds each, until the parking brake is released. quence to the SELECT screen. Hold the mode
While the active fault codes are on display, push the switch while in SELECT, to toggle between MI or KM
mode/reset switch once to display the initial diagnos- as a display preference. Release the mode switch at
tic screen (DIAG) and the total number of active the desired selection, then press again to reset.
faults. See Fig. 2.42.
Push the mode switch again to display the tempera-
If service cycle screens are enabled, and service dis- ture warning screen. Hold the mode switch to toggle
tance or time has been exceeded, the text SERVICE between ON and OFF. Release the button, then
will be displayed with the other fault messages. This press it again to reset to the desired setting.
informs the driver that the service interval has been
exceeded, and vehicle service is required. Push the mode switch again to sequence to the LCD
brightness screen. Hold the mode switch to toggle
Specific fault code information can be displayed only between ON and OFF. Release the button at the de-
while the vehicle is parked and the parking brake is sired setting, then push again to reset.
set. When the odometer screen is displayed, push
the mode/reset switch until the DIAG screen is dis-
2.17
Go to the Diagnostic
Default Odometer and Engine Display
Hold
Display Screen Screens figure.
Push Push
Go to the Diagnostic
With park brake off
Hold To Reset Trip Miles Hold and Engine Display

Screens figure.
Push Push
Hold To Reset Trip Hours
Push Push Hold For setup screens.

With park brake on
If "SERVICE" is displayed Service Cycle screens are enabled and either "MI" or "HOURS" is also displayed.
On some vehicles "OIL LVL" appears in the top row of the display, if equipped and enabled.
06/01/2004 f040693
Fig. 2.41, ICU4 Basic Function Screens
Push the mode switch again to sequence to the ser- When HOURS is selected, push the mode switch to
vice SETUP screen. sequence to the service hours time select screen.
Holding the mode switch for approximately 1-1/2 sec-
To reset the service intervals, hold the mode switch
onds will display table values. Holding the mode/
while in the service SETUP screen, to display the
reset switch for 3 seconds will speed up scrolling
RESET screen. Hold the mode switch while in the
through the tables. Release the mode switch when
RESET screen, to display the interval select screen.
the desired interval flashes, then push the mode/
Hold the mode switch while in the interval select
reset switch to select it. When completed, the display
screen, to toggle between MI (KM), or HOURS for
will sequence to the odometer display.
selection of the service interval mode. Release the
button at the desired setting, then push again to If NO is selected, the display will sequence to the
reset. odometer display.
When MI (KM) is selected, push the mode switch to The last screen in the SETUP menu, RESET EE is
sequence to the service miles distance select screen. for resetting certain paramaters to the original set-
Holding the mode switch for approximately 1-1/2 sec- tings. Hold the mode switch to reset the ABS rollcall,
onds will display table values. Holding the mode/ sensor fault codes, and engine oil level screens.
reset switch for 3 seconds will speed up scrolling Push the mode switch to sequence the display to the
through the tables. Release the mode switch when odometer setting.
the desired interval flashes, then push the mode/
reset switch to select it. When completed, the display
will sequence to the odometer display.
2.18
If Service Cycle screens not enabled

Push
Hold
Or Service Cycle Screens (if enabled):
Holding the button displays Service For additional faults,
Miles or Service Hours, remaining or
if any, or return to
Hold exceeded, to service target. If
DIAG screen.
numbers flash, the service target is Push
exceeded and service is overdue.
Also, the "SERVICE" screen will be
displayed as an active Fault Code
when service miles or hours are ex
ceeded.
Push Then Hold

Push
Hold
To display total To display OIL LVL

engine miles. screens (if equipped
and enabled). Push
Hold
Hold
To display tolal
engine hours.
To display specific
Hold OIL LVL amount
over or under full.
Push
If "SERVICE" is displayed Service Cycle screens are enabled and either "MI" or "HOURS" is also displayed.
04/28/2004 On some vehicles "OIL LVL" appears in the top row of the display, if equipped and enabled. f040695
Fig. 2.42, ICU4 Diagnostic and Engine Screens
Instrumentation Control Unit 3 Vehicles with EPA07 engines can be differentiated by

the exhaust icons in the dash message center.
(ICU3) There can be up to 26 warning and indicator lights
The ICU3 is the standard electronic dashboard. It installed in the ICU3. See Fig. 2.45 and Fig. 2.46.
can accept information from the various sensors in-
stalled on the vehicle and feed it to electronic ICU3 Ignition Sequence
gauges. Only air gauges operate mechanically.
If the headlights are turned on, the screen displays
There can be up to eight gauges on the drivers in- the odometer and waits for the ignition to be turned
strument panel; six electronic and two mechanical. on.
See Fig. 2.44.
When the ignition is turned on, all of the electronic
The dash message center is the heart of the ICU. It gauges complete a calibration sweep of their dials,
has two partsa set of 26 warning and indicator the warning and indicator lights light up, and the
lights similar to those found on a conventional warn- buzzer sounds for three seconds. See Fig. 2.47.
ing and indicator light module, and a dash driver dis-
play screen. The dash driver display screen is a one- NOTE: The air gauges do not sweep.
line by seven-character liquid crystal display (LCD) The following lights flash on during the ignition se-
that normally shows odometer readings. Below this quence:
display is a smaller one-line by three-character LCD
that shows voltmeter readings. Fasten Seat Belt Warning
Low Battery Voltage Warning
2.19
SET UP SELECT
Hold *MI Hold To toggle between
MI > KM >
Push Push Metric version screens are similar to

English version screens
To toggle between
T WARN ON > OFF >
Hold To toggle between
*on ON > OFF >
LCD LMP
Push Hold
*on
Push
Hold will reset all Service Interval

counters
SET UP RESET SELECT
**MI **HOURS Hold **MI **HOURS Hold *MI *HOURS Hold
**no SERVICE *no SERVICE *no SERVICE
To toggle
Push Push Push between
MI >
HOURS >
no >
*12345 *12345
Hold MI MI Selection? HRS HOURS Hold
SERVICE SERVICE
Push The no selection Push

To toggle between To toggle
will disable the
lookup table no Service Interval between
miles lookup table
hours
RESET DONE
Hold
EE
Push Push NOTE:
* Flash screen text
**Display active mode
06/21/2007 f040755
Fig. 2.43, ICU4 Setup Screens
High Coolant Temperature Warning All engine warning lights, including Engine Pro-
tection, Check Engine, and Stop Engine (Cum-
Low Engine Oil Pressure Warning
mins only)
Low Air Pressure Warning
All ABS warning lights, including Wheel Spin,
Parking Brake On Indicator Tractor ABS, and (if installed) Trailer ABS
2.20
NOTE: When the engine and ABS warning

4 lights go on during the ignition sequence, they
CHECK STOP 7 ABS ABS
are not controlled by the ICU3, but by their own
3 9
system ECU (electronic control unit).
6 8 Once the ignition switch has been turned on, the
5
2 10 ICU3 initializes, looking for active faults. During the
11 first half of initialization, all segments of the display
illuminate as follows: 888888.8. The voltmeter display
also illuminates, but with the value 18.8. During the
1 12 second half of initialization, the software revision
level is displayed.
10/06/2008 f611022 If there are no active faults, the screen displays the
1. Transmission 7. Dash Message Center odometer.
Temperature Gauge 8. Speedometer
If the ICU has received active fault codes from other
2. Engine Coolant 9. Fuel Level Gauge
Temperature Gauge 10. Primary Air Pressure devices, it displays them one after the other until the
3. Engine Oil Pressure Gauge parking brake is released or the ignition switch is
Gauge 11. Mode/Reset Switch turned off. Once the parking brake is released, the
4. Lightbar 12. Secondary Air ICU3 displays the odometer again.
5. Tachometer Pressure Gauge
6. High Beam Indicator
Light
Fig. 2.44, ICU3 (ICU3 07 shown)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
10 11 12 13 14 15
16 17 18 19 20 21
11/10/2006 22 23 24 25 26 27 f610231a
Typical installation shown. Location of legends installed in the top row may vary, and other legends may be specified.
1. Stop Engine Warning (Cummins 10. Check Engine Indicator 18. Fasten Seat Belt Warning
engine only) 11. Engine Protection Warning, 19. Parking Brake On Warning
2. Eng. Fan On Indicator, Optional Optional 20. Recirculated Air Indicator, Optional
3. Do Not Shift Indicator, Optional 12. No Charge Indicator, Optional 21. Air Restriction Indicator, Optional
4. ECAS Failure Warning, Optional 13. Tractor ABS Warning 22. Left-Turn Signal
5. ECAS Transfer Indicator, Optional 14. Transmission Temperature 23. Low Battery Voltage Warning
6. Low Washer Fluid Indicator, Warning, Optional 24. Dash Driver Display Screen
Optional 15. Trailer ABS Warning 25. High Beam Indicator
7. Wheel Spin Indicator, Optional 16. Low Oil Pressure Warning 26. Low Air Pressure Warning
8. EBS Warning, Optional 17. High Coolant Temperature 27. Right-Turn Signal
9. Water In Fuel Indicator, Optional Warning
Fig. 2.45, Dash Message Center, ICU3
2.21
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
OPT OPT OPT OPT OPT OPT OPT OPT OPT
ABS ABS
BRAKE
8 9 10 11 12 13
08/31/2006 14 15 16 17 18 19 f610836
1. Optional Indicator 9. High Coolant Temperature 14. Left-Turn Signal Indicator

2. Check Engine Indicator Warning 15. Low Battery Voltage Warning
3. Stop Engine Indicator 10. Fasten Seat Belt Warning 16. Driver Display Screen
4. Malfunction Indicator Light (MIL) 11. Parking Brake On Warning 17. High Beam Indicator
5. Tractor ABS Indicator 12. Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF) 18. Low Air Pressure Warning
6. Transmission Temperature Status Indicator 19. Right-Turn Signal Indicator
Indicator 13. High Exhaust System
7. Trailer ABS Indicator Temperature (HEST) Warning
8. Low Oil Pressure Warning
Fig. 2.46, Dash Message Center, ICU3 07
HEADLIGHTS ON POWER ON
IGNITION ON
888888.8
MI
ICU INITIALIZES
ODOMETER ELECTRONIC GAUGE NEEDLES
SCREEN SWEEP, WARNING/INDICATOR
LIGHTS COME ON, BUZZER SOUNDS
IF NO FAULTS IF FAULT DETECTED
WERE DETECTED
ABS 136
123456.7
MI
FAULT CODE
12.3 VOLTS
SCREEN
PARK BRAKE
RELEASED MOVING
123456.7 RELEASE PARK BRAKE

MI
12.3 VOLTS
02/14/2003 f040420a
Fig. 2.47, ICU3 Ignition Sequence
2.22
Mode/Reset Switch located in the speedometer and receives information

from the various sensors installed on the vehicle and
The mode/reset switch (Fig. 2.48) is located on the feeds it to the electronic gauges. Only the air gauges
right side of the instrument cluster. The mode/reset operate mechanically. See Fig. 2.50.
switch is used to scroll through the displays on the
message display screen, and to reset the trip dis- Lightbar
tance and trip hours values to zero.
The lightbar has three rows of seven warning lights.
See Fig. 2.51. The seven telltales on the top row of
the lightbar will vary depending on the vehicle con-
PUSH figuration and customer preference. The two lower
rows contain 14 standard telltales.
MODE
HOLD Message Center
The NGI message center is a one-row seven-
RESET character liquid crystal display (LCD), located on the
speedometer, that displays the following information:
09/25/99 f610340
Odometer
Fig. 2.48, ICU3 Mode/Reset Switch
Trip Odometers (two)
See Fig. 2.49 for the ICU3 mode reset cycle. Engine Hour Meter
NOTE: The systems diagnostics test is used by System Diagnostic Menu
trained personnel to retrieve fault codes and
other diagnostic information pertaining to the ve- NGI-Specific Warning Messages
hicle. The odometer, hour meter, and trip odometers are
When the odometer reading is displayed and the primary screens. When a primary screen is displayed
parking brake is applied: for 3 seconds or more it becomes the default screen.
The default screen is displayed at ignition, and will
Press the mode/reset switch once and the trip remain so until manually adjusted using the Mode
distance will display. and Set buttons.
Press the mode/reset switch a second time
and the trip hours (engine hours) will display. Mode and Set Buttons
Press the mode/reset switch a third time and The Mode and Set buttons are located in the lower
the SELECT screen and the current units, MI right corner of the instrument cluster. See Fig. 2.52.
or KM, will display. Pressing the Mode button cycles through the various
functions. Pressing the Set button selects the desired
Press the mode/reset switch a fourth time to function. See Fig. 2.53. In the Odometer mode, the
return to the odometer reading. Set button toggles to MI or KM. In the Trip 1 and 2
To reset trip miles and/or trip hours to zero, press the Odometer modes, the Set button resets the trip
mode/reset switch for 1 second or longer. To toggle meter to zero. In the Engine Hours mode, total en-
between MI (miles) or KM (kilometers), press the gine hours are displayed. This is not resetable. In the
mode/reset switch while in the SELECT screen. System mode, the Set button initiates the System
Diagnostics test and will display any warning mes-
sages that are present in the system. To run the sys-
NGI Instrument Cluster tem diagnostics, the following conditions must be
Instruments met:
ignition on
The NGI instrument cluster became an option in
January of 2002. Each of its gauges is an individually parking brake set
replaceable unit. The instrument control unit (ICU) is
2.23
123456.7
Default Odometer CLEAr
MI Hold Clear Defaults
12.3 VOLTS Dispay Screen
Push Push
123456.7 123456.7
TRIP MI Hold MI To Dispay Total Engine Miles
To Reset Trip Miles
12.3 VOLTS EC EC = Engine Control
Push Push
123456.7 123456.7
TRIP HOURS Hold To Reset Trip Hours HOURS To Dispay Total Engine Hours
12.3 VOLTS EC EC = Engine Control
Push Push
SELECt To Toggle between Units EnG oIL

Hold Hold Dispay Oil Level
MI MI<>KM *Lo
*Lo = Oil Level Low
HI = Oil Level High
Push Push Blank = Oil Level OK
= No Message
dIAG SEtUP
MI HOURS Hold **MI **HOURS Hold Dispay Service Interval
Dispay Diagnostics
n **no Cycle Screens
n = Number of Active Fault Codes **MI = CYCLE Miles Active Mode
MI = CYCLE Miles Enabled **HOURS = CYCLE Hours Active Mode
Push HOURS = Cycle Hours Enabled Push **no = Service CYCLE Inactive
03/26/2004 f040636a
Fig. 2.49, ICU3 Mode Reset Cycle
4 5 6
50 60 90
25 75
30 120
150 200 60 90
3 100 250
0 100
PSI
0
P
150
PSI
30
0
120
150
7
F S PSI
15 35 45 55
12 14 10 20 1/2
RPM
25 65 8
2 10 16
5
x 100
25 15 75
1/4
E
3/4
F
Volts
5 85
0 30
MPH km/h
1 11 10 9
10/06/2008 f611023 04/28/2003 f610506
1. Tachometer 7. Secondary Air Fig. 2.51, NGI Lightbar

2. Voltmeter Pressure Gauge
3. Engine Coolant 8. Fuel Level Gauge road speed below 2 mph
Temperature Gauge 9. Set Button
4. Engine Oil Pressure 10. Mode Button engine rpm at or below 1000
Gauge 11. Speedometer
5. Lightbar no low air pressure warning in effect
6. Main Air Pressure
Gauge
Fig. 2.50, NGI Dash Gauges
2.24
NOTE: The systems diagnostics test is used by Eaton Vorad

trained personnel to retrieve fault codes and
other diagnostic information pertaining to the The Eaton VORAD EVT300 is a computerized colli-
vehicle. sion warning system (CWS) that uses front-mounted
and (optional) side-mounted radar to continuously
0 150 monitor vehicles ahead of and alongside your ve-
S PSI
hicle.
The system warns of potentially dangerous situations
45 by means of visual and audible alerts. The system
35 55 1/2
performs in fog, rain, snow, dust, smoke, and dark-
25 MPH
km/h 65 1/4 3/4
ness. To be detected, objects must be within the
E F radar beams field of view and provide a surface area
15 75 that can reflect back the radar beam.
5 85 The front-looking antenna assembly transmits radar
signals to and receives them back from vehicles and
objects ahead. This allows the determination of the
1 2 distance to, relative speed of, and angle to the target
12/19/2002 f610635 of vehicles and objects ahead. The system uses this
1. Mode Button 2. Set Button information to warn the driver of potentially danger-
ous situations.
Fig. 2.52, Mode and Set Buttons
Yes
LOW AIR No
inactive?
Yes
Kilometers Clear Trip1 Clear Trip2
or Odometer Odometer
Miles No System Diagnostics
RPM
<1000? Test Loop
Set Set Set Yes

Set Any
warning
Road Speed No messages? No
< 25 MPH?
Mode
System Yes
Ignition Trip Trip2 Engine
Odometer Mode Yes Mode Mode Yes Diagnosis
on? Odometer Odometer Hours
Test
Mode
Park Brake
No
Set?
No
Entry via MODE

button press
NGI Specific Warning
Message Loop
Entry via panel Yes Yes Yes
lamp power Main Loop
is ODO is Trip 1 is Trip 2

Entry via Ignition No No
default? default? default? No
12/11/2002 f040637a
Fig. 2.53, NGI Message Center Display Screens
2.25
Optional side sensors mounted on the side of the tions. A small speaker provides audible alert tones to
vehicle also transmit and receive radar signals for a warn of closing on an object ahead, and when
distance of 2 to 10 feet (0.5 to 3 meters) alongside equipped with an optional side sensor, of objects
your vehicle. The side sensors provide a 15 degree alongside when the turn signal is activated in prepa-
vertical by 15 degree horizontal beam pattern. The ration for a lane change. Additional tones indicate
side sensors can detect unseen vehicles and objects, speaker volume, system failure, drivers card status,
moving and stationary, adjacent to your vehicle. and data extraction pass or fail.
1. The green power-on/drivers card (optional) sta-
WARNING tus indicator light illuminates when the system is
activated and the power-on LED test is complete.
The Eaton VORAD EVT300 Collision Warning If the system is configured to require that the
System (CWS) is intended solely as an aid for an drivers card be read, and it is not, the ON light
alert and conscientious professional driver. It is blinks continuously.
not intended to be used or relied on to operate a
vehicle. Use the system in conjunction with rear- 2. Push in the volume control and power ON/OFF
view mirrors and other instrumentation to safely knob to turn power on or off. Turn the knob left
operate the vehicle. Operate this vehicle, or right to increase or decrease speaker volume.
equipped with the EVT300 Collision Warning Press and hold the knob for 5 seconds and then
System, in the same safe manner as if the EVT release it to activate the failure display mode.
300 Collision Warning System were not present. NOTE: The system may be configured to have
The EVT300 Collision Warning System is not a no on/off capability and the volume may be con-
substitute for safe, normal driving procedures, figured to allow only some volume control.
nor will it compensate for any driver impairment,
3. The speaker is located under the top cover of
such as drugs, alcohol, or fatigue.
the DDU. It sounds audible tones to alert the
The EVT300 Collision Warning System may pro- driver to potential hazards. Volume may be re-
vide little or no warning of hazards such as pe- stricted to a range above a minimum level.
destrians, animals, oncoming vehicles, or cross
traffic. NOTE: This is a configurable electronic param-
eter.
Failure to drive safely and use the system prop-
erly could result in personal injury and/or death 4. Rotate the range knob (if enabled) to change the
and severe property damage. first alert detection range from 3 to 2 seconds.
This will also change the second alert detection
Driver Display Unit (DDU) range from 2 to 1.75 seconds. Push and hold the
knob for 5 seconds to activate the accident re-
NOTE: All system controls are located on the construction function and freeze the most recent
DDU. See Fig. 2.54. Indicators to inform the data in half of the allocated memory.
driver about the systems operation are located NOTE: The system may be configured to pre-
on both the DDU and the optional side sensor vent adjustment of the range levels.
display.
5. The red system-failure indicator light illuminates
The DDU controls system power, range for vehicle if a system problem is detected. Press and hold
warnings, speaker volume, and all other system func- the volume control knob for 5 seconds to display
tions. At the lower front edge of the DDU, a slot is fault codes. The fault codes will be blinked out
provided to insert the optional drivers identification as a pattern of flashes on this indicator light. See
card. Alert and indicator lights advise of multiple Table 2.3 for fault codes.
warning levels, system power, system failure, and if
configured, failure of the driver to insert the identifica-
tion card.
A light sensor automatically adjusts alert and indica-
tor light brightness depending on cab lighting condi-
2.26
3 4 5
2 6
ON SC
FAIL
1 7
VOLUME ALERTS RANGE
EATON VORAD 11 10 9
TECHNOLOGIES
12
10/15/98 8 f610258
1. Red System Failure Indicator Light 4. Speaker 9. Red Alert Light
2. Green Power ON/Drivers Card 5. Range Knob 10. Orange Alert Light
Status Indicator Light 6. Green SC Indicator Light 11. Yellow Alert Light
3. Volume Control and Power ON/ 7. Photo Light Sensor 12. Distance/Danger Alert Lights
OFF Knob 8. Drivers Identification Card Slot
Fig. 2.54, Driver Display Unit, EVT-300
Fault Codes (blink codes) after the system is activated, after the power-on
LED test is finished, and if accident reconstruc-
Fault Code Suspect Failure
tion data was previously stored.
11 Central Processing Unit (CPU)
12 CyberCard 7. The photo light sensor senses lighting conditions
13 Driver Display Unit (DDU) in the cab and automatically adjusts the intensity
14 Antenna Assembly of the indicator and alert lights.
15 Right Side Sensor 8. If the systems configuration requires, insert the
16 Left Side Sensor drivers identification card in the slot at the lower
21 Right-Turn Signal front edge of the DDU. A high-pitched tone will
22 Left-Turn Signal sound when the drivers identification card has
23 Brake been successfully read. One low tone will sound
24 Speed if the drivers card has been unsuccessfully read.
25 SmartCruise If configured, a repeated low tone will sound if
the system is on and the requested drivers card
31 J1587
has not been inserted.
32 J1939
33 VBUS 9. The yellow alert light illuminates when an object
34 DDU Communications is detected within the systems maximum range
35 Antenna Assembly Communications of 350 feet (107 meters) on a straight road.
41 No Fault or End of Fault Codes Range is reduced in curves by the turn radius of
the curve. This light also illuminates when the
Table 2.3, Fault Codes or Blink Codes proximity alarm threshold is crossed.
10. The yellow and orange alert lights illuminate
6. The green SC indicator light will flash 8 times if when your vehicle is within a 3-second following
the range knob is pressed to store accident re- interval behind another vehicle in the same lane.
construction information. It will also flash 8 times If you are within a 2-second following interval
2.27
and closing on the vehicle ahead, a warning tone Side Sensor Display, Optional
will also sound.
1. The yellow indicator light illuminates continuously
11. The yellow, orange, and red alert lights illuminate when no vehicle is detected by the side sen-
when you are 1 second (and less than 1 second) sor(s). See Fig. 2.55.
behind a vehicle. If the vehicle ahead is opening
the interval, no tone will sound. If you are closing
the interval, double tones will sound. Within a
1/2-second or less following interval, opening or
closing, the tones will repeat twice per second. 1
12. If a stationary vehicle or object, or an object
moving less than 3.4 mph (5.5 km/h) in the same
lane is detected within 220 feet (67 meters) and 2
within 3 seconds, all three alert lights will illumi-
nate and the double tones will sound. This warn-
ing overrides all others and is not affected by the
3
range control knob setting.
IMPORTANT: The system is disabled in turns
with a radius of less than 750 feet (230 meters)
and when the brakes are applied.
13. If your vehicle is traveling less than 2 mph (3
km/h) and an object is detected less than 15 feet 01/27/97 f601259
(4.5 meters) in front of your vehicle, and the 1. Red Alert Light (vehicle or object detected)
closing rate is more than 1/2 mph (1 km/h), the 2. Photo Light Sensor
yellow alert light will illuminate and a low- 3. Yellow Indicator Light (no vehicle or object detected)
frequency double tone will sound. This is the
proximity alert. Fig. 2.55, Side Sensor Display, Optional
NOTE: All warnings apply only to objects within 2. The photo light sensor senses lighting conditions
the maximum detection range and in your lane. in the cab and automatically adjusts the intensity
Proximity alert tones and vehicle-closing 1/2- of indicator and alert lights.
second and 2-second following-interval tones 3. The red alert light illuminates when objects are
are configured items. All tones are disabled in detected by the side sensor(s). If the right turn
sharp turns or when the brakes are applied. If signal is activated and the side sensor detects
the configuration permits, the 3-second and an object, the red alert light will illuminate and
2-second alert levels may be adjusted with the the DDU speaker will sound a high-frequency
range control knob. A single low-frequency tone double tone. This tone is sounded only once per
sounds when a system failure is detected. A activation of the turn signal. The red light will
medium-frequency tone sounds when the vol- also illuminate and stay on if a failure of the side
ume control level is changed. Successful down- sensor is detected.
loading of Eaton Vehicle Information Manage-
ment System (EVIMS) data will cause a double Special Road Situations
tone to sound. Unsuccessful downloading will
cause a low-frequency tone to sound. WARNING
14. A failure of the optional side sensor(s) will cause The Eaton VORAD EVT300 Collision Warning
a continuous red light on the side sensor display System (CWS) is intended solely as an aid for an
to appear. alert and conscientious professional driver. It is
not intended to be used or relied on to operate a
2.28
vehicle. Use the system in conjunction with rear- meters) or less, depending on the angle of en-
view mirrors and other instrumentation to safely trance into the lane in front of your vehicle.
operate the vehicle. This system will not warn of
many possible hazards. Do not assume it is "all WARNING
clear" if no alert lights are illuminated.
Failure to drive safely and use the system prop- Heavy rain or water spray at the side sensor may
erly could result in personal injury and/or death temporarily prevent the system from providing
and severe property damage. adequate warnings.
Certain special road situations may affect the sys- Failure to drive safely and use the system prop-
tems ability to detect objects. These situations in- erly could result in personal injury and/or death
clude the effects of curves, dips, and hills, which can and severe property damage.
provide an unexpected result: NOTE: A continuous fixed object on the right
NOTE: A warning may sound when an object is side of the vehicle, such as a guard rail, wall,
detected in front of the vehicle even though the tunnel, or bridge, may cause the side sensor
driver intends to turn away or stop before reach- alert light to stay on.
ing the object.
When an object is detected in a very sharp
In Case of Accident
right- or left-hand turn, the audible alarm will The optional vehicle accident reconstruction capabil-
not sound. ity provides two segments of system data, one of
which can be stored in system memory. Push and
When approaching a curve, before turning into
hold the DDU range knob for at least 5 seconds to
it, alarms may sound and lights illuminate be-
store the first segment. Within 6 seconds, the green
cause of an object off the road, directly in line
SC indicator light will blink rapidly 8 times confirming
with your vehicle. This will not occur when the
that the data has been saved. If the range knob is
brakes are applied.
pushed again, a fail tone will sound. After the first
Elevated obstacles, such as overpasses and segment is saved, the second segment runs continu-
overhead signs, may be detected when ap- ously, but only contains the last 10 minutes (approxi-
proaching a roadway descending to a lower mately) of system data. The system will cease re-
elevation. cording data 30 seconds after the vehicle comes to a
stop.
Vehicles cannot be detected on the other side
of a hill. An alarm will not sound until the object NOTE: Once the first memory segment is fro-
is within the antenna assemblys field of view. zen, the other cant be frozen. Only by discon-
On approaching a steep hill, objects above the necting the main CPU connector can the sec-
beam cannot be detected. Generally, the beam ond memory segment be preserved. If you
hitting the road surface does not cause an desire immediate downloading and interpretation
alarm. of accident reconstruction data, you must return
the CPU to Eaton VORAD. However, after 30
The side sensor only detects objects within its
field of view next to the tractor. A vehicle far-
days the frozen information will automatically
ther back behind the field of view will not be clear if the vehicle is driven.
detected.
Maintenance and Diagnostics
The side sensor range is set to detect
average-sized vehicles 2 to 10 feet (0.5 to 3 1. Keep the antenna assembly and side sensor(s)
meters) away in the adjacent lane. The side free of a buildup of mud, dirt, ice, or other debris
sensor provides a 15 degree vertical by 15 de- that might reduce the systems range.
gree horizontal beam pattern. 2. The system tests itself continuously and evalu-
The radar beam of the CWS will detect near ates the results every 15 seconds. If a problem
range cut-ins of approximately 30 feet (9 is detected with the front radar system, the red
2.29
FAIL light on the DDU illuminates continuously as

long as the failure is active. The corresponding
Roll Stability Control
fault code is stored in the CPUs memory. Roll Stability Control is an onboard system capable
3. of automatically slowing the vehicle to reduce the risk
Both active and inactive fault codes can be indi-
of rollover. The goal of the system is to reduce roll-
cated by the DDU when the system is placed in
over accidents by reducing vehicle speed.
failure display mode. Inactive faults are those
that have occurred and have cleared. Active The system uses a lateral acceleration sensor that
faults are still present. Fault codes provide the monitors rollover risk. If the sensor detects the ve-
driver the ability to record the system faults dur- hicle is at risk of rolling over, Roll Stability Control
ing a trip and to notify his/her maintenance de- intervenes and attempts to reduce vehicle speed by
partment or Eaton VORAD. See "Failure Display reducing engine power, applying the engine brake,
Mode/Fault Codes" below. In this mode, specific and/or applying the tractor and trailer brakes.
fault codes are indicated by the pattern of blinks
of the driver display unit red FAIL light. WARNING
4. Each fault code is a two-digit number, as shown
in Table 2.3. The red FAIL light blinks the same The Roll-Stability Control system is intended only
number of times as the first digit, a pause of ap- as an aid for a conscientious and alert driver.
proximately 3/4 of a second follows, then the Carefully read the information in this manual to
light blinks the same number of times as the sec- understand this system and its limitations. Do
ond digit. not rely solely on the system to safely operate
the vehicle. The system cannot prevent an acci-
5. Additional fault codes are blinked out at intervals dent if the driver is impaired or not driving safely.
of approximately 3 seconds. After all of the fault
codes have been blinked out, a code 41 will be The Roll-Stability Control system is not a substi-
blinked out. tute for safe driving procedures. Failure to drive
safely and use the system properly could result
Failure Display Mode/Fault Codes in personal injury and/or death and property
damage.
NOTE: If the vehicle does not have ON/OFF
A decal (Fig. 2.56) on the auxiliary dash panel and
control on the DDU, press and hold the volume
an amber-colored dash indicator light (Fig. 2.57) indi-
knob after the ignition key is turned on and the cate that the vehicle is equipped with the Roll Stabil-
15-second self-test is complete. ity Control system. The dash indicator light illumi-
1. Press and hold the DDU volume control and nates whenever the Roll Stability Control system
power ON/OFF knob for at least 9 seconds. The intervenes.
system will turn off if you release the knob before
9 seconds. After 9 seconds, the DDU FAIL light
begins to blink out the fault codes. After a
3-second interval, additional fault codes, if SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS
present, will be blinked out. A code 41 will be lamp indicates traction
blinked out either if no faults are found or when OR roll control event.
all fault codes have been blinked out. Follow instructions in
2. Position the DDU range knob to the left to blink drivers manual.
active fault codes and to the right to blink inac- 2401204000
tive codes. 07/11/2003 f080125

3. To review, test, and clear all fault codes from
Fig. 2.56, Roll Stability Control Dash Decal
system memory, use a hand-held diagnostic tool
or ServiceRanger.
2.30
06/26/2003 f602128
Fig. 2.57, Roll Stability Control Dash Indicator Light
2.31
3
Vehicle Access
Ignition and Lock Key . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.1
Cab Door Locks and Handles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.1
Grab Handles and Access Steps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.1
Door Windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3
Sleeper Compartment Vents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3
Power Distribution Module and Power Distribution Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.4
Cab-to-Sleeper Access . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.5
Sleeper Bunk Latches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.6
Sleeper Compartment Exit Door . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.6
Baggage Compartment Doors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.7
Back-of-Cab Grab Handles, Steps, and Deck Plate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.7
Battery Box Cover . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.8
Hood Tilting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.8
Vehicle Access
Ignition and Lock Key

One key operates the ignition switch and all of the
door locks.
IMPORTANT: Each key is numbered. Record
the number so, if needed, a duplicate key can
be made.
Cab Door Locks and Handles

To unlock the left-side door from outside the cab, in-
sert the key in the lockset and turn it one-quarter turn
clockwise (Fig. 3.1). Turn the key counterclockwise
to the original position to remove it. Pull out on the
paddle handle to open the door (Fig. 3.1).
09/15/98 f720259
Fig. 3.2, Door Handle
Grab Handles and Access

Steps
2
09/15/98 f880440 WARNING
1. Paddle Handle 2. Lockset
Wet or dirty shoe soles greatly increase the
Fig. 3.1, Exterior Door Handle chance of slipping or falling. If your soles are wet
or dirty, be especially careful when climbing
To unlock the right-side door from outside the cab, onto, or down from, the back-of-cab area.
insert the key in the lockset and turn it one-quarter
turn counterclockwise. Turn the key to the original Always maintain three-point contact with the
position to remove it. back-of-cab access supports while entering and
exiting the back-of-cab area. Three-point contact
NOTE: The cab door locks can be operated means both feet and one hand, or both hands
when the doors are open. and one foot, on the grab handles, steps, and
deck plates. Other areas are not meant to sup-
To lock a door from outside the cab, insert the key in port back-of-cab access, and grabbing or step-
the lockset and turn it opposite the unlocking direc- ping in the wrong place could lead to a fall, and
tion, then close the door if it is open. Or, push down personal injury.
the inside lock button, then close the door.
Be careful not to get hands or feet tangled in
To lock either door from inside the cab, push down hoses or other back-of-cab equipment. Careless-
the lock button, then close the door if it is open. Pull ness could cause a person to trip and fall, with
the integral grab bar when closing the door. possible injury.
To open the door from the inside, pull the door
handle toward you (Fig. 3.2). This will unlatch the
door whether or not it is locked. To unlock the door
without unlatching it, pull the lock button up.
3.1
Vehicle Access
Entering the Drivers Side (Left-Hand 3. Move your right foot to the bottom step.
Drive) (Fig. 3.3) 4. Move your left hand to the grab handle.
When entering the cab from the drivers side, use the 5. Step to the ground with your left foot first.
grab handle and access steps as follows:
Entering the Passengers Side (Left-
1 Hand Drive) (Fig. 3.4)
When entering the cab from the passengers side,
use the grab handles and access steps as follows:
3
09/15/98
2 f880439
1. Grab Handle 3. Top Step

2
2. Bottom Step
Fig. 3.3, Left-Side Steps and Grab Handle
1
1. 09/15/98 f880438
Open the drivers door, and place anything that
you are carrying in the cab. 1. Bottom Step 3. Grab Handle
2. Top Step
2. Grasp the grab handle with both hands. Reach
up as far as is comfortable. Fig. 3.4, Right-Side Steps and Grab Handle
3. Place your right foot on the bottom step, and pull 1. Open the passengers door, and place anything
yourself up. that you are carrying in the cab.
4. Place your left foot on the top step. 2. Grasp the grab handle at the rear edge of the
5. Grasp the steering wheel with your left hand, and door opening with your left hand.
step up. 3. Grasp the handle on the door with your right
6. Step into the cab with your right foot first, and hand.
grasp the steering wheel with your right hand. 4. Place your right foot on the bottom step and step
up to the upper step with your left foot.
Exiting the Drivers Side (Left-Hand 5. Place your right foot on the top step and step up.
Drive) (Fig. 3.3)
6. Step into the cab with your left foot first.
Exit the cab from the drivers side as follows:
IMPORTANT: Do not attempt to exit the cab Exiting the Passengers Side (Left-
while carrying any items in your hands. Hand Drive) (Fig. 3.4)
1. Grasp the steering wheel with both hands, place Exit the cab from the passengers side as follows:
your left foot on the top step, and stand on the
threshold, facing into the cab. IMPORTANT: Do not attempt to exit the cab
while carrying any items in your hands.
2. Grasp the grab handle at the rear edge of the
door opening with your right hand.
3.2
Vehicle Access
1. Place your right foot on the top step while stand- Entering the Passengers Side (Right-
ing up from the seat facing inward.
Hand Drive) (Fig. 3.3)
2. Place your left foot on the bottom step.
When entering the cab from the passengers side,
3. Move your left hand to the grab handle at the use the grab handles and access steps as follows:
rear edge of the door opening.
1. Open the passengers door, and place anything
4. Move your right hand to the grab handle on the that you are carrying in the cab.
door.
5. Step to the ground with your right foot first. door opening with your right hand.
Entering the Drivers Side (Right- 3. Grasp the handle on the door with your left hand.
Hand Drive) (Fig. 3.4) 4. Place your left foot on the bottom step and step
up to the upper step with your right foot.
When entering the cab from the drivers side, use the
grab handle and access steps as follows: 5. Place your left foot on the top step and step up.
1. Open the drivers door, and place anything that 6. Step into the cab with your right foot first.
you are carrying in the cab.
Exiting the Passengers Side (Right-
2. Grasp the grab handle with both hands. Reach
up as far as is comfortable. Hand Drive) (Fig. 3.3)
3. Place your left foot on the bottom step, and pull Exit the cab from the passengers side as follows:
yourself up. IMPORTANT: Do not attempt to exit the cab
4. Place your right foot on the top step. while carrying any items in your hands.
5. Grasp the steering wheel with your right hand, 1. Place your left foot on the top step while stand-
and step up. ing up from the seat facing inward.
6. Step into the cab with your left foot first, and 2. Place your right foot on the bottom step.
grasp the steering wheel with your left hand. 3. Move your right hand to the grab handle at the
rear edge of the door opening.
Exiting the Drivers Side (Right-Hand
4. Move your left hand to the grab handle on the
Drive) (Fig. 3.4) door.
Exit the cab from the drivers side as follows: 5. Step to the ground with your left foot first.
IMPORTANT: Do not attempt to exit the cab
while carrying any items in your hands. Door Windows
1. Grasp the steering wheel with both hands, place The windows in both doors operate electrically (if so
your right foot on the top step, and stand on the equipped). Use the appropriate switch to raise or
threshold, facing into the cab. lower a door window.
door opening with your left hand. Sleeper Compartment Vents
3. Move your left foot to the bottom step. To open any sleeper compartment vent, push the
4. Move your right hand to the grab handle. vent handle outward and forward with your fingertips.
To close the vent, turn your hand so that your fingers
5. Step to the ground with your right foot first. are pulling on the handle from the front edge, then
pull in and back on the handle. Use care to avoid
pinching your fingers.
3.3
Vehicle Access
Power Distribution Module and Power Distribution Module Identification

Power Distribution Box Position
28
Description
Fan Clutch Solenoid, A/C Pressure
Rating
5A
The power distribution module (Fig. 3.5) is located Switch
behind the power distribution module cover on the 29 Aircon Compressor 10A
passenger side of the instrument panel. To gain ac- 30 Air Switches 5A
cess to the module, loosen the four quarter-turn fas- 31 Clock Connection-Constant 12V 5A
teners on the cover. Depending on vehicle options, 32 Dash Display, Diagnostic 5A
fuse/relay/circuit breaker locations may vary from Connection 12V
those shown. Refer to Fig. 3.5 or Table 3.1 for fuse/ 33 Gauges 5A
relay/circuit breaker identification information. 34 Clock, Road Speed Module-Ignition 5A
A power distribution box (Fig. 3.6) is located in the 35 Cruise Switch, Diagnostic 5A
engine compartment. To gain access to the box, Connection-Ignition
open the cover. Depending on vehicle options, fuse/ 36 Open
relay/circuit breaker locations may vary from those 37 Headlamp Switch 10A
shown. Refer to Fig. 3.6 or Table 3.2 for fuse/relay/ 38 Flash-to-Pass Switch 5A
circuit breaker identification information. 39 Courtesy Lamps 10A
40 Low Beam Relay Control 5A
Power Distribution Module Identification 41 Park Relay Control 5A
Position Description Rating 42 Fog Lamps Switch 5A
Circuit Breakers 43 Radio-Cassette-Constant 12V 5A
1 Left Power Window 18A* 44 Audio Connector-Constant 12V 5A
2 Power Door Locks 10A 45 Radio-Cassette-Accessory 5A
3 Right Power Window 18A* 46 Audio Connector-Accessory 5A
4 Power Mirrors 10A 47 Stud Module A-Constant 12V 10A
5 Windshield Wiper/Washer 11A* 48 Stud Module C-Constant 12V 10A
6 Open 49 High Beam Relay Control 5A
7 Ignition Switch 10A 50 Road Lamp Switch, High Beam 5A
8 Fuel Shutoff Relay 10A Indicator Lamp
9 Open 51 Park Lamps-Front and Rear 10A
10 Reverse Lamps 10A 52 Park Lamps-Roof and Mirror 10A
11 Stop Lamps 10A 53 Park-Radio/Cassette, Dash Display 5A
12 Open 54 Dimmer-Instrument Panel 10A
13 Flasher Unit 10A Relays
14 Horn 10A R1 Left Power Window
15 Ignition Connection Antilock Brakes 5A R2 Right Power Window
16 Open R3 Horn
17 Customer-Constant 12V 10A R4 Ignition CB25 to CB30
18 Customer-Accessory 10A R5 Accessory CB19 to CB24
19 A/C-Blend Motor, Blower Relay 5A R6 Ignition-Stop, Reverse, CB12
20 Cigar Lighter 10A R7 Interior Illumination
21 Mirror Heater 10A R8 Blower Motor
22 Switch-Trailer Auxiliary, Customer 5A R9 Flasher
23 Open R10 Accessory-Customer
24 Open R11 Windshield Wiper/Washer-
25 Air Intake Heater Module 10A Accessory
26 Engine/Exhaust Brake 10A R12 Fuel Shutoff
27 Warning Lamps 5A R13 Audio-Accessory
3.4
Vehicle Access
Power Distribution Module Identification Power Distribution Box Identification

Position Description Rating Position Description Rating
R14 Gauges/Electronics-Ignition 7 Trailer Stop Lamps 30A*
R15 Engine Control Module-Ignition 8 Trailer Left Turn 30A*
R16 Exterior Park Lamps 9 Trailer Right Turn 30A*
R17 Open 10 Trailer Park and Marker Lamps 30A*
R18 Open 11 Cab-Stud Module 20A
Stud Module 12 Cab-Windshield Wiper, F6 20A
A Constant (CB 47) 12V 13 Cab-Stop, Reverse, F12 20A
B Ground 14 Cab-Accessory Relay 20A
C Constant (CB 48) 12V 15 Cab-Park Lamps-Exterior 20A
D Open 16 Open
E Open 17 Open
F Open 18 Open
G Open 19 Open
* Cycling Type (Automatic Reset) 20 Cab-Power-Window Left, Door 20A
Table 3.1, Power Distribution Module Identification Locks
21 Fog Lamps (Drive Option) 20A*
22 High-Beam Headlamps 20A*
Power Distribution Box Identification 23 Low-Beam Headlamps 20A*
Position Description Rating 24 Road (Drive) Lamps 20A*
Relays 25 Trailer Auxiliary 20A*
R1 Trailer Reverse Lamps 26 Cab-Customer Access 20A
R2 Trailer Stop Lamps 27 Cab-Lighting Control, Courtesy 20A
R3 Trailer Left Turn 28 30A
Cab-Heater Aircon Blower Motor
R4 Trailer Right Turn Maxifuse
R5 Trailer Park and Marker Lamps 29 Cab-Flasher Unit, Horn 20A
R6 Trailer Auxiliary 30 Cab-Ignition Switch, Relay, Fuel 20A
R7 Open Shutoff
* Cycling Type (Automatic Reset)
R8 Open
R9 Open Table 3.2, Power Distribution Box Identification
R10 Open
R11 Open
R12 Open Cab-to-Sleeper Access
R13 Aircon Pressure Switch
R14 Fog Lamps (Drive Option) WARNING
R15 High-Beam Headlamps
R16 Low-Beam Headlamps Place rigid or heavy objects in storage areas on
R17 Road (Drive) Lamps the floor or under the bunk. Sudden stops or
R18 Open swerves could cause personal injury if items fall
Circuit Breakers
from overhead storage shelves.
1 Open To open the sleeper access on vehicles with vinyl
2 Open sleeper curtains, unzip the sleeper curtains. If de-
3 Open sired, unsnap the curtains all the way around the
4 Open sides and top and remove the curtains.
5 Cab-Power-Window Right, 20A To open the sleeper access on vehicles with velour
Mirrors sleeper curtains, unfasten the snaps at one side,
6 Trailer Reverse Lamps 30A* then push the curtain to the opposite side.
3.5
Vehicle Access
A F1 F7 F F F F F F F F F F F F
19 20 21 22 23 24 43 44 45 46 47 48 R1 R2 R3
B
F2 F8
C
F3 F9 F F F F F F
D 25 26 27 28 29 30 R4 R5 R6 R7 R8 R9
E F4 F10
F F5 F11 F F F F F F
31 32 33 34 35 36 R 10 R 11 R12 R13 R14 R 15
G F6 F12
F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F
13 14 15 16 17 18 37 38 39 40 41 42 49 50 51 52 53 54 R16 R17 R18
09/24/99 f542041
Fig. 3.5, Power Distribution Module
Sleeper Compartment Exit

Door
R1 R2 R3 R4 R5 R6
The sleeper compartment exit door (Fig. 3.7) is in-
F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F
tended for use as an emergency exit only. The door
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 can not be opened from outside the sleeper.
F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F
To open the door from the inside, push down on the
16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 lever handle located inside the sleeper compartment
to the right of the door. To close the door, push it
closed until it latches.
R7 R8 R9 R10 R11 R12
R13 R14 R15 R16 R17 R18
09/23/99 f542042
Fig. 3.6, Power Distribution Box
Sleeper Bunk Latches

To move the lower or upper sleeper bunk (if
equipped), disengage the latch at the front of the
lower bunk, or the latches on both sides of the upper
bunk. Lock the bunks into operating position, down
for the lower bunk and up or down for the upper 09/15/98 f880441
bunk, by engaging both the primary and secondary
latches. Fig. 3.7, Sleeper Exit Door
3.6
Vehicle Access
Baggage Compartment Doors Never jump onto, or off of, a vehicle; doing so
creates a very high likelihood of a fall and per-
To unlock the baggage compartment door on the sonal injury.
right side, insert the ignition key in the lockset, and A grab handle and steps facilitate safe climbing up or
turn it one-quarter turn clockwise. Turn the key to the down.
original position to remove it. Pull up and outward on
the baggage door handle to open the door. To close
the door, push it closed until it latches. To lock the
door, insert the ignition key in the lockset and turn it
one-quarter turn counterclockwise.
Use the same procedure to open the baggage com-
partment door on the left side, but turn the key coun- 2
terclockwise to unlock the door and clockwise to lock
it.
Back-of-Cab Grab Handles,

Steps, and Deck Plate
When trailer air and electrical connections cannot be
coupled from the ground, steps and grab handles are
configured to facilitate safe back-of-cab access; see 3
Fig. 3.8.
WARNING
Follow these rules for back-of-cab access. Failing
to follow these rules could lead to a fall, and pos-
sible personal injury. 1
Never step on any exterior part unless it has a
slip-resistant surface meant for safe stepping. If
the surface is movable, such as a battery box
1
cover with a slip-resistant surface, be certain it is
firmly secured.
Be careful not to trip on items such as chains or 09/24/2007 f602335
air lines in the back-of-cab area. 1. Steps
Always follow safety procedures for back-of-cab 2. Grab Handle
access, maintaining three-point contactboth 3. Deck Plate
hands and one foot, or both feet and one hand Fig. 3.8, Back-of-Cab Access
whenever moving around, and always face in to-
ward the deck plate when climbing up or down. Accessing Back-of-Cab Area
Wet or dirty shoes, steps, or grab rails greatly
When climbing onto the deck plate, use the grab
increase the chance of slipping or falling. If your
handle and access steps as follows:
shoes or the contact areas are wet or dirty, clean
and dry them as much as possible before ac- 1. Facing the center of the deck plate, grasp the
cessing the back of cab area, and be especially grab handle with both hands. Reach up as far as
careful when climbing or standing on the vehicle. is comfortable.
2. Place one foot on the bottom step, and pull your-
self up.
3.7
Vehicle Access
3. Place your other foot on the top step. To Tilt the Hood
4. Move your lower hand to a higher position on the 1. Apply the parking brakes.
grab handle.
2. Release both hood hold-down latches by pulling
5. Step onto the deck plate. the ends outward.
Exiting the Back-of-Cab Area
CAUTION
When climbing down from the deck plate, use the
grab handle and access steps as follows: Do not let the hood free-fall to the full-open posi-
tion. To do so could cause damage to the hood
1. Facing the center of the deck plate, grasp the or hood straps.
grab handle with both hands.
3. Using the bumper step and grab handle, slowly
2. Step one foot at a time to the top step. tilt the hood until the straps support it. See
3. Move your upper hand to a lower position on the Fig. 3.9.
grab handle.
4. Move one foot to the bottom step.
5. Move your upper hand to a lower position on the
grab handle.
6. Step to the ground with your upper foot first.
Battery Box Cover

If equipped, remove the valance in front of the frame
rail-mounted battery box. For instructions, refer to
Group 60 in the Sterling L-Line and A-Line Work-
shop Manual. If necessary, remove the step. To re-
move the cover from the frame rail-mounted battery
box, release the latches. Pull on the end of each
hold-down latch until the end clears the cover-
mounted catch. Pivot the latches out of the way, then 09/14/98 f880436
lift off the cover. When installing the cover, be sure it
is positioned properly before fastening the latches. Fig. 3.9, Hood Tilting
To remove the cover from the battery box mounted To Return the Hood
between the frame rails, remove the deck plate and
lift the handle on the top of the battery box cover. If 1. Grasp the grab handle, and lift the hood to the
equipped, remove the spring pin. 45 degree position.
2. As the hood goes over center, use the bumper
Hood Tilting step and grab handle to control the rate of de-
scent to the operating position.
The hood can be tilted to a full-open position. A grab
handle at the front of the hood provides a handhold 3. Make sure the hood is flush with the cowl, then
for hood tilting. A torsion bar helps you to tilt the secure the hood by engaging both hood hold-
hood open, and to return it to the operating position. down latches.
Hood straps prevent the hood from over-travel. In the
operating position, the hood is secured to the lower IMPORTANT: Make sure that both hold-down
cab side panels by a hold-down latch on each side of latches are fully engaged before operating the
the hood. vehicle.
3.8
4
Heater and Air Conditioner
HVAC General Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.1
Defogging and Defrosting Using Fresh Air . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.1
Heating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.2
Air Conditioning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.2
Fresh Air . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.2
Heating, Auxiliary (Sleeper Bunk) Heater and Air Conditioner . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.2
Air Conditioning, Auxiliary (Sleeper Bunk) Heater and Air Conditioner . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.3
HVAC General Information control panel (Fig. 4.3) is mounted on the right rear
wall, or the rear overhead storage compartment.
A dash-mounted climate control panel (Fig. 4.1 or
Fig. 4.2) allows you to control all of the heating, air
conditioning, defrosting, and ventilating functions.
09/15/98 f830920
Fig. 4.3, Auxiliary (sleeper bunk) Control Panel
01/30/98 f830918 NOTE: Shutting off the heater supply gate valve
(if equipped) on the engine limits the ability to
Fig. 4.1, Climate Control Panel, Heater and Air control air conditioning temperature in the cab
Conditioning and in the sleeper. With the valve shut off, warm
coolant is no longer available from the engine,
and the outlet air temperature controls cant be
used to change air temperature.
IMPORTANT: To prevent the buildup of fumes or
03/09/98 f830915
odors inside the cab (for example, from smok-
Fig. 4.2, Climate Control Panel, Heater Only ing), do not operate the air conditioning system
in the MAX A/C mode for more than 20 minutes.
A four-speed fan forces fresh or recirculated air to
any selected air outlets at the windshield, door win-
dows, instrument panel, and cab floor. An air selec-
Defogging and Defrosting
tion switch controls the direction of warm or cool air Using Fresh Air
either through the instrument panel registers, the
panel registers and floor outlets, the floor outlets, the 1. Turn the temperature control switch all the way
floor and defrost (windshield) outlets, or the defrost clockwise for warm air, the fan switch to LO and,
outlets. if so equipped, the bunk fan switch to OFF be-
fore starting the engine.
Fresh air is forced through the air outlets when the
air selection switch is in the A/C, PANEL, PANEL & 2. Remove any ice or snow from the outside of the
FLOOR, FLR, FLR & DEF, and DEF positions. Recir- windshield, door windows, and fresh air inlet
culated air is forced through the air outlets when the grille.
air selection switch is in the MAX A/C position. Dusty 3. With the engine at operating temperature, turn
or smoky outside air is prevented from being drawn the fan switch to the highest speed. Leave it in
inside the cab when the air selection switch is in the this position for 30 seconds. This will clear the
OFF position. system of moist air.
A temperature control switch is used to select the 4. Move the air selection switch to the defrost
desired temperature. Turn the switch counterclock- (windshield) position. In this position warm, dry
wise for cool air, or clockwise for warm air. air is directed to the windshield.
An auxiliary heater and air conditioner unit is stan- NOTE: The air conditioner (if equipped) is auto-
dard when there is a sleeper compartment. The unit matically engaged in the defrost mode. This
is installed in the right-side sleeper baggage com- dries the air.
partment and uses the cabs refrigerant system for
air conditioner operation. The unit is equipped with a
separate evaporator coil, expansion valve, and fan. It
is also equipped with a heater core that is indepen-
dent of the cab heater. The auxiliary units climate
4.1
Heating IMPORTANT: If the outside air is dusty or

smoky, set the air selection switch at maximum
1. With the engine at operating temperature, move air conditioning and keep the windows and vent
the temperature control switch all the way clock- closed to prevent drawing in dust or smoke. The
wise (for heat). air selection switch can also be set to OFF to
2. Turn on the fan switch to the desired speed. prevent drawing in dust or smoke.
3. Move the air selection switch to the desired set- 5. Move the temperature control switch counter-
ting. clockwise for cool air. In this position, no heat is
given off by the heater.
IMPORTANT: If the windows start to fog, move
the air selection switch to defrost (windshield) 6. Turn the fan switch to the highest speed.
and make sure the fan is on. 7. As soon as cool air is flowing from the instru-
NOTE: In mild weather the fan switch can be ment panel registers, close the windows. Adjust
the fan switch setting as desired.
kept in the LO position since forward motion of
the vehicle will provide airflow through the 8. If the air from the vents is too cold, move the
heater. temperature control switch clockwise for warmer
air flow.
4. If the vehicle has a sleeper with a rear climate
control panel, set the controls as desired; refer to IMPORTANT: To prevent the buildup of fumes or
"Heating, Auxiliary Heater and Air Conditioner." odors inside the cab (for example, from smok-
5. When a comfortable temperature has been
ing), do not operate the air conditioning system
reached, adjust the fan switch setting and tem- in the MAX A/C mode for more than 20 minutes.
perature control as needed to maintain the tem-
perature. Fresh Air
1. Move the air selection switch to the desired posi-
Air Conditioning tion.
IMPORTANT: Operate the air conditioner at 2. Move the temperature control switch counter-
least five minutes each month, even during cool clockwise for no heating, or move it clockwise for
weather. This helps prevent drying and cracking heat.
of tubing seals, reducing refrigerant leaks in the
3. Set the fan switch at the desired speed.
system. Operate the air conditioner only after
the engine compartment is warm, and the inte-
rior of the cab is 70F (21C) or higher. During Heating, Auxiliary (Sleeper
cold weather, the heater can be operated at the Bunk) Heater and Air
same time, to prevent discomfort.
Conditioner
1. If the cab is hot inside, temporarily open the win-
dows to let the hot air out. 1. With the engine at operating temperature, set the
air selection switch on the main climate control
2. Move the air selection switch to the (non-air con- panel to the floor or panel position.
ditioning) panel position and turn the fan switch
to LO before starting the engine. 2. Turn the on/off control knob to On. See Fig. 4.4.
3. Start the engine.
4. Move the air selection switch to either one of the
air conditioning settings. With the switch at the
A/C setting, fresh air is drawn into the cab. With
the switch at MAX A/C, the air inside the cab is 09/15/98 f830920
recirculated. Fig. 4.4, Auxiliary (sleeper bunk) Control Panel
4.2
3. Turn the temperature control knob all the way

clockwise to HEAT. Turn the fan control knob to
the highest position.
4. When the sleeper compartment heats to the de-
sired temperature, turn the temperature control
knob counterclockwise to adjust outlet air tem-
perature. Then, turn the fan control knob to ad-
just the air flow level.
The system will maintain the selected outlet air
temperature.
5. Whenever heat is not desired, turn the tempera-
ture control knob counterclockwise (as needed)
and turn off the fan.
odors inside the sleeper (for example, from
smoking) do not operate the air conditioning
system in the MAX A/C mode for more than 20
minutes.
Air Conditioning, Auxiliary

(Sleeper Bunk) Heater and Air
Conditioner
1. Turn on the cab air conditioner (refer to "Air Con-
ditioning").
2. Turn the on/off control knob to On. See Fig. 4.4.
3. Turn the temperature control knob all the way
counterclockwise to COOL. Turn the fan control
knob to the highest position.
4. When the sleeper compartment cools to the de-
sired temperature, turn the temperature control
knob clockwise to adjust outlet air temperature.
Then, turn the fan control knob to adjust the air
flow level.
The system will maintain the selected outlet air
temperature.
5. Whenever air conditioning is not desired, turn the
temperature control knob clockwise (as needed)
and turn off the fan.
odors inside the sleeper (for example, from
smoking) do not operate the air conditioning
system in the MAX A/C mode for more than 20
minutes.
4.3
5
Seats and Seat Belts
Seats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.1
Seat Belts and Tether Belts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.5
Sleeper Compartment Bunk Restraints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.7
Seats 2. Lumbar Support: Lumbar support changes the

shape of the seat-back to give more or less sup-
General Information port to the occupants lumbar (lower back) area.
This adjustment is either mechanical or air con-
Unless otherwise noted, all seat adjustments should trolled, depending on make and model of seat.
be made while seated and before the engine is
started. 3. Isolator: This feature (also referred to as back-
slap isolator or Chugger-Snubber) reduces the
amount of road shock by isolating the occupant
WARNING from the motion of the vehicle, and allowing the
upper seat to move in a simple pendulum mo-
Keep hands, tools, and other objects away from tion. A lockout feature is used whenever the iso-
the scissor points under the seats. Failure to do lator is not desired.
so could cause personal injury.
4. Height Adjustment: The entire seat moves up or
Seat Adjustment down when adjusting the height. The adjustment
is either manually or air controlled, depending on
The following is a description of adjustments that can the make of the seat.
be made to various Sterling-installed seats. Not all
seats have all of the adjustments listed below. See 5. Bottom Cushion Angle or Fore and Aft Bottom
Fig. 5.1. Cushion Height: This feature enables the occu-
pant to raise or lower the front or back of the
1. Back Cushion Tilt: This adjustment enables the bottom cushion. This adjustment is easier to per-
back cushion to pivot forward or backward. form when all weight is removed from the seat.
1
3 4
2
8
6 7
5
10/26/2000 f910149a
1. Back Cushion Tilt 5. Bottom Cushion Angle (fore and aft cushion height)
2. Lumbar Support 6. Fore and Aft Seat Adjustment (seat track adjustment)
3. Isolator Feature 7. Seat Tilt
4. Height Adjustment 8. Upper Back Cushion
Fig. 5.1, Seat Adjustments
5.1
6. Fore and Aft Seat or Seat Track Adjustment: The

entire seat moves forward or backward when this
adjustment is made.
7. Seat Tilt: When this adjustment is made, the seat
assembly (back and bottom cushions) tilts for-
ward or backward.
8. Upper Back Cushion Adjustment: When this ad-
justment is made, the angle of the upper back 2
cushion changes to provide upper back support.
9. Weight Adjustment: On those seats with weight
adjustment, the feature is fully automatic. When 3
you sit on the seat, a leveling valve places you in 4
the center of the ride zone. Additional adjust-
ments are possible by using the height adjust-
ment feature. 5
6
EzyRider Seat
1 7
For seat adjustment controls on vehicles built before 03/12/2001 f910456
November 28, 2005, see Fig. 5.2. For seat adjust-
1. Isolator and Fore/Aft Seat Adjustment Lever
ment controls on vehicles built on or after November 2. Bottom Cushion Angle Guide
28, 2005, see Fig. 5.3. 3. Armrest Adjustment Knob
4. Back Cushion Tilt Position Indicator
Back Cushion Tilt 5. Back Cushion Tilt Lever
6. Height Adjustment and Lumbar Support Lever
To tilt the back cushion, raise the back cushion tilt 7. Fore/Aft Seat Position Indicator
lever and lean forward or backward. Release the
lever to lock the cushion in place. Fig. 5.2, EzyRider Seat Adjustment Controls (Vehicles
Built Before November 28, 2005)
Lumbar Support
Bottom Cushion Angle
To adjust the amount of support for your lower back,
use the lumbar support switch or lever on the side of To adjust the bottom cushion angle, pull the bottom
the seat. cushion up and forward or down and back. The bot-
tom cushion angle is controlled by the guides on
Isolator each side of the seat.
To engage the isolator, push in on the isolator lever. Seat Position Indicators
To lock out the isolator, pull the isolator lever out to
the first stop. Seats installed in vehicles built before November 28,
2005 are equipped with seat position indicators. A
Fore and Aft Seat Adjustment back cushion tilt position indicator and a fore/aft seat
position indicator allow the driver to see where the
Pull the fore and aft seat adjustment lever out to the seat is adjusted within the adjustment ranges.
second stop and slide the seat forward or backward
to the desired position. Armrest Angle (optional armrests)
Height Adjustment To adjust the vertical angle of the armrest, turn the
adjustment knob on the underside of the armrest.
To raise or lower the seat, use the height adjustment
switch or lever on the side of the seat. Bostrom Talladega 915 Seat
See Fig. 5.4 for seat adjustment controls.
5.2
2 1
2
4 5
5 2
3
6
4
01/06/2006 1 f910565 09/24/1999 f910428
1. Isolator and Fore/Aft Seat Adjustment Lever 1. Back Cushion Tilt Lever
2. Armrest Adjustment Knob 2. Upper and Lower Lumbar Support Switches
3. Bottom Cushion Angle Guide 3. Height Adjustment Switch
4. Back Cushion Tilt Lever 4. Bottom Cushion Tilt Adjustment Knob
5. Lumbar Support Switch 5. Fore and Aft Seat Adjustment Lever
6. Height Adjustment Switch
Fig. 5.4, Bostrom Talladega 915 Seat Adjustment
Fig. 5.3, EzyRider Seat Adjustment Controls (Vehicles Controls
Built on or After November 28, 2005)
Bottom Cushion Tilt Adjustment
Back Cushion Tilt
Turn the bottom cushion tilt adjustment knob to in-
To tilt the back cushion, lean forward slightly to re- crease or decrease the bottom cushion tilt.
move pressure from the cushion and hold the back
cushion tilt lever down. Lean backward slowly to the Lumbar Support
desired position and release the lever to lock the
cushion in place. For seats with air lumbar support, use the upper and
lower lumbar support switches to adjust the top lum-
Height Adjustment bar and bottom lumbar supports.
To raise the seat, push up on the height adjustment National 2000 Series Seat
switch. To lower the seat, push down on the height
adjustment switch. See Fig. 5.5 for seat adjustment controls.
Fore and Aft Seat Adjustment Back Cushion Tilt

Move the fore and aft seat adjustment lever to the To tilt the back cushion, turn the back cushion tilt
side to adjust the seat to the desired fore-aft position. knob until the desired position is reached.
Move the lever back to its original position to lock the
fore-aft position. Height Adjustment
To raise or lower the height of the seat, use the
height adjustment switch on the side of the seat.
5.3
Lumbar Support
To adjust the lumbar support, use the lumbar support
switch on the side of the seat to give more or less
support to your lower back.
Bottom Cushion Front Height

7
To adjust the height of the front of the bottom cush-
ion, lift the bottom cushion front height adjustment
handle, and pull forward or push back to the desired
6 setting.
1
National Nonsuspended Seat
5 See Fig. 5.6 for seat adjustment controls.
2
Back Cushion Tilt
4 3
To tilt the back cushion, turn the back cushion tilt
knob and lean forward or backward.
11/14/2000 f910445
1. Back Cushion Tilt Knob

2. Lumbar Support Switch
3. Height Adjustment Switch
4. Fore and Aft Seat Adjustment Lever
5. Bottom Cushion Front Height Adjustment Handle
6. Isolator Handle
7. Rear Cushion Adjustment Knob
Fig. 5.5, National 2000 Series Seat Adjustment Controls
Fore and Aft Seat Adjustment

1
To adjust the fore and aft position of the entire seat,
move the fore and aft seat adjustment lever to the
left and slide the seat forward or backward to the 3
desired position. Move the lever back to its original
position to lock the seat in place.
Rear Cushion Adjustment 2
To adjust the height of the rear of the seat cushion,

remove your weight from the seat and turn the rear 10/07/99 f910430
cushion adjustment knob to one of three positions. 1. Back Cushion Tilt Knob
2. Fore and Aft Seat Adjustment Lever
Isolator 3. Fore and Aft Bottom Cushion Adjustment Handle
Also called a Chugger Snubber, the isolator reduces Fig. 5.6, National Nonsuspended Seat Adjustment
the amount of road shock by isolating the occupant Controls
from the motion of the vehicle and allowing the seat
to move in a simple pendulum motion. To use the Fore and Aft Seat Adjustment
isolator feature, turn the isolator handle to the hori- To adjust the fore and aft position of the entire seat,
zontal position. Turn the isolator handle down when move the fore and aft seat adjustment lever to the
the isolator feature is not desired.
5.4
left and slide the seat forward or backward to the When providing such a restraint system, carefully
desired position. read and follow all instructions pertaining to installa-
tion and usage for the child. Make certain the child
Fore and Aft Bottom Cushion Adjustment remains in the restraint system at all times when the
vehicle is in motion.
To adjust the fore and aft position of the bottom
cushion only, pull the fore and aft bottom cushion In addition to seat belt assemblies, tether belts are
adjustment handle out and slide the bottom cushion installed on suspension-type seats. Tether belts help
forward or backward to the desired position. secure the seat to the floor and are intended to re-
strain the seat and seat belt in case of an accident or
Two-Passenger Bench Seat sudden stop.
The two-passenger bench seat (Fig. 5.7) is station- IMPORTANT: Seat belts have a finite life which
ary. The bottom seat cushion lifts up for an additional may be much shorter than the life of the vehicle.
storage area. Regular inspections and replacement as needed
are the only assurance of adequate seat belt
security over the life of the vehicle.
See Chapter 11 for the seat belt inspection proce-
dure.
Seat Belt Operation

Three-Point Seat Belt With Komfort
Latch
While your vehicle is in motion, the combination lap
and shoulder belt adjusts to your movement. How-
ever, if you brake hard, corner hard or if your vehicle
receives an impact of 5 mph (8 km/h) or more, the
lap and shoulder belt locks and prevents you from
03/09/98 f910342 moving.
Fig. 5.7, Two-Passenger Bench Seat
WARNING
Seat Belts and Tether Belts Wear three-point seat belts only as described
General Information below. In case of an accident or sudden stop, in-
juries could result from misuse. Three-point seat
Seat belt assemblies are designed to secure persons belts are designed to be worn by one person at a
in the vehicle to help lessen the chance of injury or time.
the amount of injury resulting from accidents or sud-
den stops. For this reason, Sterling Truck Corpora-
tion urges that the driver and all passengers, regard-
WARNING
less of age or physical condition, use seat belts Fasten the seat belts before driving. Fastening a
when riding in the vehicle. three-point seat belt while driving creates a haz-
Seat belt assemblies in the vehicle meet Federal ard.
Motor Vehicle Safety Standard 209, "Type 1" and
1. Pull the lap-shoulder portion of the belt from the
"Type 2" requirements. They are recommended for
retractor so that the shoulder portion of the belt
all persons weighing over 50 pounds (23 kg).
crosses your shoulder and chest. Insert the belt
A child restraint system should also be provided for tongue into the proper buckle until you hear a
each child weighing 50 pounds (23 kg) or less. It snap and feel it latch.
should meet the requirements of Federal Motor Ve-
hicle Safety Standard 213, "Child Restraint Systems."
5.5
2. Tighten the lap portion of the belt, pull up on the Komfort latch was used, release it by giving the
shoulder piece until it fits you snugly. The belt shoulder belt a quick tug. If you lean forward
should rest as low on your hips as possible. against the shoulder belt, the Komfort latch will
automatically release, and will need to be reset.
3. If desired, engage the Komfort latch as follows:
Pull on the shoulder strap to lessen the pressure
of the strap on your shoulder and chest. Allow no
more than one inch (2.5 cm) of slack between
your chest and the shoulder harness. More slack
can significantly reduce the seat belts effective-
ness in an accident or a sudden stop. While
holding the belt slack, press the Komfort latch
lever up, clamping the seat belt webbing
(Fig. 5.8 and Fig. 5.9).
A
01/18/95 f910049a
Fig. 5.10, Releasing the Three-Point Seat Belt
NOTE: The Komfort Latch does not have to be

released in an emergency situation. The Kom-
fort Latch will release by itself under rough road
or other abnormal conditions. Make sure the
01/06/95 f910048a three-point seat belt is completely retracted
A. 1 Inch (2.5 cm) Maximum when it is not in use.
Fig. 5.8, Adjusting Shoulder Harness Clearance
Lap Belts With Retractors
The lap belts on some right-hand-drive vehicles have
retractors.
To fasten the belt:
1. Pull the belt from the retractor across your hips
and insert the tongue into the correct buckle on
your seat until you hear a snap and feel it latch.
The belt should rest as low on your hips as pos-
sible.
2. Make sure the buckle is securely fastened.
3. If you need to lengthen or shorten the belt, un-
fasten it by pushing the button on the buckle and
11/02/95 f910144
repeat the above procedure.
Fig. 5.9, Locking Komfort Latch Make sure the belt is completely retracted when
it is not in use.
4. To unbuckle the three-point seat belt, push the
button on the buckle as shown in Fig. 5.10. If the
5.6
Lap Belts Without Retractors 2. To lengthen the belt, tip the link end downward
and pull the link until it connects with the buckle.
The center lap belts do not have retractors and
therefore should be shortened and fastened when 3. After the belt is connected, shorten it by pulling
you are not using them. To lengthen your belt, tip the on the loose end until the belt is snug, but com-
belt tongue at a right angle to the belt and pull the fortable. Be sure the belts are not twisted. See
belt over your lap until the tongue reaches the Fig. 5.11.
buckle.
To fasten the belt: 2
1. Pull the belt across your hips and insert the
tongue into the correct buckle on your seat until
you hear a snap and feel it lock. A
1
2. Make sure the buckle is securely fastened.
3
3. Adjust the belt so that if fits snugly around your
hips:
If you need to lengthen the belt, unfasten it 01/06/95 f910068a
and repeat the procedure above. A. Pull on the loose end to shorten the belt.
If you need to shorten the belt, pull on the 1. Buckle 3. Link
2. Belt Release Button
loose end of the webbing.
Fig. 5.11, Bunk Restraint Adjustment
Sleeper Compartment Bunk
Bunk Restraint Operation
Restraints
1. Starting at the foot of the bunk, pull up the link
General Information end of the belt far enough to engage the buckle.
See Fig. 5.12.
On vehicles equipped with a sleeper compartment,
bunk restraints should be used whenever the sleeper
compartment is occupied and the vehicle is moving.
Restraints are designed to lessen the chance of in- 3
2
jury or the amount of injury resulting from accidents
or sudden stops. For this reason, Sterling Truck Cor-
poration urges the use of bunk restraints when the
sleeper compartment is occupied in a moving ve-
hicle.
WARNING
Do not use the sleeper compartment while the
vehicle is in motion unless a bunk restraint is 4
5
installed and used. Not using the bunk restraint
increases the chance of injury, or the degree of
injury, from accidents or sudden stops to all oc- 1
cupants of the vehicle. 02/14/96 f910150
1. Mattress 4. Belt Anchor

Bunk Restraint Adjustment 2. Sleeper Wall 5. Buckle
1. Make sure the belt is attached to the bunk sup- 3. Restraint
port and sleeper wall. Fig. 5.12, Bunk Restraint
5.7
2. Fasten the belt by pushing the link end into the

buckle until they latch. Make sure that the belt is
not twisted. Check the engagement by trying to
pull the link out of the buckle. If they come apart,
repeat this step. If the problem continues, re-
place the belt. Repeat steps 1 and 2 for the
other two belts located in the middle and upper
portion of the bunk to lock the restraint in place.
3. To release the bunk restraint, push the release
button on the buckle at the head of the bunk and
pull the link from the buckle.
Repeat this step for the other two buckles to
completely release the bunk restraint.
5.8
6
Steering and Brake Systems
Steering System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.1
Brake System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.1
Steering System tires from the hole. Also, avoid turning the tires when
they are against a curb, as this places a heavy load
General Information on steering components and could damage them.
Power steering uses energy from your engine to as-

sist you in steering the vehicle. When the engine is
Brake System
off, or if the power steering system becomes inopera- General Information
tive, the vehicle may still be steered manually, but
requires increased driver effort. After starting the engine, give the air compressor
time to build up the air pressure to 60 psi (414 kPa)
CAUTION before moving the vehicle.
Never hold the steering wheel against the stops WARNING

(extreme right or left turn) for more than two sec-
onds, the power steering pump could be dam- Do not drive the vehicle if the low air pressure
aged. buzzer is sounding or the brake warning light is
on. These warnings indicate that air pressure is
Do not operate the vehicle with a low power
below the normal operating level. Continued use
steering pump fluid level, this could cause dam-
of the vehicle could result in loss of braking abil-
age to the power steering pump.
ity, possibly causing loss of vehicle control re-
Never steam clean or high-pressure wash the sulting in personal injury or property damage.
steering gear. Internal damage to gear seals and
ultimately the steering gear can result. WARNING
Power Steering System Avoid repeated light application of the brake
pedal. This will deplete air pressure faster and
The power steering system consists of a steering
could result in loss of braking capability.
gear (which includes a manual steering mechanism,
a hydraulic control valve, and a hydraulic power cyl- A dual pointer air pressure gauge is standard (see
inder), hydraulic hoses, power steering pump, reser- Fig. 6.1. These pointers register air pressure in each
voir, and other components. Some models are also of the two systems.
equipped with a separate hydraulic power cylinder on
the right side of the front axle. The power steering
pump, driven by the engine, provides the power as-
sist for the steering system. If the engine is not run-
ning, there is no power assist. If the power-assist
feature does not work due to hydraulic fluid loss,
steering pump damage, or some other cause, bring
the vehicle to a safe stop. Do not drive the vehicle
until the cause of the problem has been corrected.
WARNING 03/09/98 f610070
Driving the vehicle without the power-assist fea- Fig. 6.1, Air Pressure Gauge
ture of the steering system requires much greater
effort, especially in sharp turns or at low speeds, Periodically check the air pressure gauge while driv-
which could result in an accident and possible ing. Pressure should range between approximately
injury. 100 to 135 psi (690 to 930 kPa). The air compressor
governor cut-in and cut-out pressure settings are pre-
Drivers should carefully use the power available with set at the factory and are not adjustable.
a power steering system. If the front tires become
lodged in a deep chuckhole or rut, drive the vehicle
out, instead of using the steering system to lift the
6.1
When air pressure is low (below 60 psi [534 kPa]), a pedal so that the vehicle comes to a smooth, safe
warning light illuminates and a buzzer sounds when stop. Apply the spring parking brakes if the vehicle is
the ignition is in the ON position. to be parked.
This condition may be caused by excessive brake IMPORTANT: In the event of a total loss of ser-
applications depleting the system air pressure. If this vice brakes with full system air pressure, use
condition occurs, stop driving the vehicle until the the parking brake control valve (yellow knob) to
compressor has fully recharged the air system. Do bring the vehicle to a complete stop in the saf-
not move the vehicle in this condition because the
brake system may be inoperative.
est location possible.
Select a gear ratio to help slow your vehicle before WARNING
descending grades. Supplement with brakes as re-
quired to safely slow the vehicle and avoid over- Do not use the trailer service brakes for parking;
speeding the engine. they are not designed for this purpose. If air
On tractor-trailer vehicles, if both the systems be- bleeds out of the trailer air tank during parking,
come inoperative, the trailer service brakes or spring the vehicle could roll causing serious personal
parking brakes will automatically apply when air pres- injury or property damage.
sure drops below 35 to 45 psi (242 to 310 kPa). The The red octagonal-shaped knob (Fig. 6.2) in the con-
tractor spring parking brakes will automatically apply trol panel actuates the trailer air supply valve. After
when air pressure drops below 20 to 30 psi (138 to the vehicles air hoses are connected to a trailer, and
207 kPa). Do not wait for the brakes to apply auto- the pressure in both air systems is at least 65 psi
matically; when the warning light and buzzer first (448 kPa), the red knob must be pushed in. It should
come on, immediately bring the vehicle to a safe stay in, to charge the trailer air supply system and to
stop. Before continuing operation of the vehicle, cor- release the trailer spring parking brakes; it must be
rect the cause of the air loss. pulled out before disconnecting a trailer. It must also
Before the vehicle can be moved, the spring parking be pulled out when operating a vehicle without a
brakes must be released by applying an external air trailer. If pressure in both air systems drops to 35 to
source at the gladhands, or by manually caging the 45 psi (242 to 310 kPa), the red knob automatically
parking brake springs. pops out, exhausting the trailer air supply, and apply-
ing the trailer service or spring parking brakes.
WARNING
Do not release the spring parking brakes and 1
2
then drive the vehicle. There would be no means
of stopping the vehicle, which could result in se-
rious personal injury or vehicle damage. Before
releasing the spring parking brakes, make the
connection to a towing vehicle or chock the tires.
After correcting the brake system problem, uncage
the spring parking brakes before resuming normal 03/10/99 f610291
vehicle operation.
1. Trailer Air Supply Valve Knob
2. Parking Brake Valve Knob
Brake System Operation
Fig. 6.2, Brake Valve Knobs
Before driving the vehicle, secure all loose items in
the cab so that they will not fly forward during a full The yellow diamond-shaped knob (Fig. 6.2) in the
brake application. Make sure all passengers are control panel actuates the parking brake valve. Pull-
wearing seat belts. ing out the knob applies both the tractor and trailer
During normal brake stops, depress the foot brake spring parking brakes and automatically causes the
control pedal until braking action slows down the ve- trailer air supply valve knob to pop out.
hicle. Increase or decrease the pressure on the
6.2
CAUTION Antilock Braking System (ABS)

The Antilock Braking System (ABS) is an electronic
Do not use the spring parking brakes if the ser- wheel speed monitoring and control system that
vice brakes are hot, such as after descending a works with the standard air brake system. ABS pas-
steep grade. Also, do not use the spring parking sively monitors vehicle wheel speed at all times, and
brakes during freezing temperatures if the ser- controls wheel speed during emergency stops. In
vice brakes are wet. To do so could damage the normal braking applications, the standard air brake
brakes if hot, or cause them to freeze during cold system is in effect.
weather.
IMPORTANT: For proper ABS system operation,
If the brakes are wet, drive the vehicle in low do not change tire sizes. The sizes of the tires
gear and lightly apply the brakes to heat and dry installed during production are programmed into
them. Allow hot brakes to cool before using the
the electronic control unit. Installing different
spring parking brakes. Always chock the tires.
sized tires could result in a reduced braking
If the trailer is not equipped with spring parking force, leading to longer stopping distances.
brakes, pulling out the yellow knob applies the tractor
spring parking brakes and the trailer service brakes. ABS includes signal-generating tone wheels and sen-
When the tractor and trailer parking brakes (or trailer sors located in the wheel hubs of each sensed
service brakes) are both applied, the trailer brakes wheel. The sensors transmit vehicle wheel speed
are released by pushing in the red knob, leaving the information to an electronic control unit (located in a
tractor parking brakes applied. Air pressure in the panel behind the drivers seat). The control units
primary or secondary reservoir must be at least 65 main circuit interprets the speed sensor signals and
psi (447 kPa) before the tractor spring parking calculates wheel speed, wheel retardation, and a ve-
brakes, or the trailer service or spring parking hicle reference speed. If the calculations indicate
brakes, can be released. wheel lockup, the main circuit signals the appropriate
solenoid control valve to reduce braking pressure.
On trailers not equipped with spring parking brakes, During emergency braking, the solenoid control valve
chock the trailer tires before disconnecting the truck alternately reduces, increases, or maintains air pres-
or tractor when parking just the trailer. sure supply in the brake chamber to prevent front
When parking a truck or tractor with a trailer (combi- and rear wheel lockup.
nation vehicle), and the trailer is not equipped with The electronic control unit also has a safety circuit
spring parking brakes, apply the truck or tractor that constantly monitors the wheel sensors, solenoid
spring parking brakes. control valves, and the electrical circuitry.
After the ignition switch is turned on, the ANTILOCK
WARNING warning light will come on for about three seconds.
After three seconds, the warning light will go out only
If a trailer is not equipped with spring parking if all of the tractors ABS components are working.
brakes, do not park it or a combination vehicle
by pulling out only the trailer air supply valve If, during vehicle operation, the safety circuit senses
knob. This would apply only the trailer service a failure in any part of the ABS system (a sensor,
brakes. If air were to bleed from the trailer brake solenoid control valve, wiring connection, short cir-
system, the trailer brakes would release, possibly cuit, etc.), the tractor warning light (ANTILOCK)
causing an unattended runaway vehicle. comes on and the control circuit where the failure
occurred is switched to normal braking action. The
remaining control circuits will retain the ABS effect.
CAUTION Even if the ABS system is completely inoperative,
Never apply the service and spring parking normal braking ability is maintained. An exception
brakes simultaneously. To do so transmits exces- would be if a solenoid control valve (or combination
sive input force to the brake components, which solenoid control valve) is damaged and inoperative.
could damage or cause eventual failure of brake As these components are an integral part of the air
actuating components.
6.3
brake system, normal braking may be impaired or in- Automatic Slack Adjusters
operative.
Automatic slack adjusters are required on all vehicles
IMPORTANT: If any of the ABS warning lights equipped with air brakes manufactured after October
do not work as described above, or come on 20, 1994. Automatic slack adjusters should never be
while driving, repair the ABS system immedi- manually adjusted except during routine maintenance
ately to ensure full antilock braking capability. of the foundation brakes (e.g., replacing shoes), dur-
ing slack adjuster installation or in an emergency
During emergency or reduced-traction stops, fully
situation.
depress the brake pedal until the vehicle comes to a
safe stop; do not pumpthe brake pedal. With the When the brake pushrod stroke exceeds the legal
brake pedal fully depressed, the ABS system will brake adjustment limit on a vehicle, there is likely a
control all wheels to provide steering control and a mechanical problem with the foundation brake com-
reduced braking distance. ponents or the adjuster is improperly installed.
Although the ABS system improves vehicle control Visit a repair facility as soon as possible when
during emergency braking situations, the driver still brakes equipped with automatic slack adjusters are
has the responsibility to change driving styles de- determined to be out of adjustment.
pending on the existing traffic and road conditions.
For example, the ABS system cannot prevent an ac- WARNING
cident if the driver is speeding or following too
closely. Manually adjusting an automatic slack adjuster to
bring the pushrod stroke within legal limits is
Trailer ABS Lamp Operation likely masking a mechanical problem. Adjustment
Antilock braking systems on tractors are designed to is not repairing. In fact, continual adjustment of
communicate with trailer ABS systems, if they are automatic slack adjusters may result in prema-
compatible. Compatibility will result in the illumination ture wear of the adjuster itself. Further, the im-
of the trailer ABS lamp during vehicle start-up and proper adjustment of some automatic slack ad-
fault detection. justers may cause internal damage to the
adjuster, thereby preventing it from properly
The dash-mounted lamp will operate as follows when functioning.
a compatible trailer is properly connected to a tractor:
When the ignition key is turned to the ON posi-
tion, the trailer ABS lamp will illuminate mo-
mentarily, then turn off.
If the lamp comes on momentarily during ve-
hicle operation, then shuts off, a fault was de-
tected and corrected.
If the lamp comes on and stays on during ve-
hicle operation, there is a fault with the trailer
ABS. Repair the trailer ABS system immedi-
ately to ensure full antilock braking capability.
The Trailer ABS lamp will not illuminate unless a
compatible trailer is connected to the tractor.
IMPORTANT: If a compatible trailer is con-
nected, and the lamp is not illuminating momen-
tarily when the ignition key is turned to the ON
position, it is possible that the lamp is burnt out.
6.4
7
Engines and Clutches
EPA07 Aftertreatment System (ATS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.1
DD15 Heavy-Duty Engine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.3
Engine Starting, CAT, Cummins, DDE S60, M-B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.6
Cold-Weather Operation, CAT, Cummins, DDE S60, M-B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.8
Engine Break-In, CAT, Cummins, DDE S60, M-B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.11
Engine Operation, CAT, Cummins, DDE S60, M-B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.11
Engine Shutdown, CAT, Cummins, DDE S60, M-B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.19
High-Altitude Operation, CAT, Cummins, DDE S60, M-B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.21
Engine Braking System, CAT, Cummins, DDE S60, M-B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.21
Clutches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.25
EPA07 Aftertreatment System eration occurs as the vehicle is driven normally

under load; the driver is not even aware that it is
(ATS) happening. The harder an EPA07 engine works, the
better it disposes of soot, as the exhaust heat alone
On-road diesel engines built after December 31, is enough to burn the soot to ash. Over the course of
2006 are required to meet EPA07 guidelines for re- a workday, however, passive regeneration cannot
duced exhaust emissions of particulate matter and always keep the ATD filter clean, so the filter must
nitrogen oxides (NOx). NOx is limited to just over 1 undergo active regeneration. In active regeneration,
gram per brake horsepower hour (g/bhp-hr), and par- extra fuel is injected into the exhaust stream to su-
ticulate matter cannot exceed 0.01 g/bhp-hr. perheat the soot trapped in the DPF and turn it to
EPA07-compliant engines require ultralow-sulfur die- ash. Active regeneration happens only when the ve-
sel (ULSD) fuel, and they should never be run on hicle is moving above a certain speed, determined by
fuel with sulfur content higher than 15 ppm. In addi- the engine manufacturer. Consult manufacturers
tion, they require low-ash engine oil. The following documentation for details.
guidelines must be followed, or the warranty may be Both active and passive regeneration happen auto-
compromised. matically, without driver input.
Use ultralow-sulfur diesel (ULSD) with 15 ppm
NOTE: Caterpillar engines do not use a DOC;
sulfur content or less, based on ASTM D2622
test procedure.
CAT engines burn diesel fuel at the regeneration
head to superheat the exhaust and burn the
Do not use fuel blended with used engine lube trapped soot to ash. Engine software monitors
oil or kerosene. and controls this process.
Engine lube oil must have a sulfated ash level Only when operating conditions do not allow for ATD
less than 1.0 wt %, meeting the API CJ-4 index filter cleaning by active or passive regeneration, the
specifications. vehicle may require a driver-activated parked regen-
IMPORTANT: Using non-specification fuels or eration. The vehicle must be standing still, and the
oils can lead to shortened diesel particulate filter driver must initiate a parked regen. Completing a
parked regen takes 20 minutes to an hour, depend-
(DPF) cleaning or exchange intervals. For ex- ing on ambient conditions.
ample, using CI-4+ oil with 1.3% sulfated ash
(30% more ash content) may result in the need
for DPF cleaning or exchange 20 to 30% sooner DANGER
than would normally be required. During parked regeneration, exhaust tempera-
The "exhaust system" in EPA07-compliant vehicles is tures are very high, and could cause a fire, heat
called the aftertreatment system (ATS). The ATS var- damage to objects or materials, or personal in-
ies according to engine manufacturer and vehicle jury to persons near the exhaust outlet.
configuration, but instead of a muffler, an aftertreat- Before a parked regeneration, make certain the
ment system has a device that outwardly resembles exhaust outlets are directed away from struc-
a muffler, called the aftertreatment device (ATD). tures, trees, vegetation, flammable materials, and
IMPORTANT: See your engine operation manual anything else that may be damaged or injured by
for complete details and operation of the after- prolonged exposure to high heat.
treatment system. The warning lamps in the driver message center alert
Inside the ATD on Mercedes-Benz, Detroit Diesel, the driver of a regen in progress, high exhaust tem-
and Cummins engines, the exhaust first passes over peratures, the need to perform a parked regen either
the diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC), then it passes soon or immediately, and of an engine fault that af-
through the diesel particulate filter (DPF), which traps fects the emissions.
soot particles. If exhaust temperature is high enough, A slow (10-second) flashing of the high exhaust sys-
the trapped soot is reduced to ash, in a process tem temperature (HEST) lamp indicates that a
called passive regeneration (regen). Passive regen- parked regeneration is in progress, and the engines
7.1
high idle speed is being controlled by the engine

software, not the driver. See Fig. 7.1.
09/25/2006 f610815a
Fig. 7.2, Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF) Status Lamp

09/25/2006 f610816a
Fig. 7.1, High Exhaust System Temperature (HEST)

Lamp
CHECK STOP
A steadily illuminated high temperature (HEST) lamp
alerts the operator of high exhaust temperature dur-
ing the regeneration process, if vehicle speed is
below 5 mph (8 km/h). The HEST lamp does not sig- 1 2 3
03/20/2008 f611000
nify the need for any kind of vehicle or engine ser-
vice; it only alerts the vehicle operator of high ex- 1. Stop Engine Override Switch
haust temperatures. Make sure the engine exhaust 2. Amber Check Engine Warning Lamp
3. Red Stop Engine Lamp
pipe outlet is not directed at any person, or at any
surface or material that will melt, burn, or explode. Fig. 7.3, Engine Lamps
WARNING A steadily illuminated yellow malfunction indicator

lamp (MIL) indicates an engine fault that affects the
Automatic regeneration can occur any time the emissions. See Fig. 7.4.
vehicle is moving, and the exhaust can remain
hot after the vehicle has stopped moving. The
exhaust gas temperature could reach 1500F
(800C), which is hot enough to ignite or melt
common materials, and to burn people.
A steadily illuminated yellow diesel particulate filter
(DPF) lamp indicates that a regen may be required
soon. Bring the vehicle to highway speeds to allow
for an active regen, or a parked regen should be
scheduled for the earliest convenient time. See
Fig. 7.2.
09/25/2006 f610814a
A DPF lamp blinking at the same time as a steadily
illuminated yellow Check Engine lamp, indicates that Fig. 7.4, Malfunction Indicator Lamp (MIL)
a parked regen must be performed immediately, or
an engine derate will occur. If the red Stop Engine When diesel particulate filter servicing is needed, it
lamp illuminates with the blinking DPF lamp and the must be performed by an authorized technician, and
Check Engine lamp, a parked regen must occur or a record must be maintained for warranty purposes.
an engine shutdown will occur. Park the vehicle and The record must include:
perform a parked regen. See Fig. 7.3.
date of cleaning or replacement;
7.2
vehicle mileage; The standard parameters that are monitored for en-
gine protection are: low coolant level, high coolant
particulate filter part number and serial number.
temperature, low oil pressure, and high oil tempera-
The request/inhibit regen switch (Fig. 7.5), located ture.
on the dash, can have three selectable positions:
Amber Check Engine Warning Lamp
request regeneration;
When the amber Check Engine warning lamp comes
default (either automatic regeneration or inhibit on for any reason, the vehicle can still be operated,
state); and the driver can proceed to the required destina-
inhibit regeneration. tion. See Fig. 7.3. This condition should be reported
to an authorized service center as soon as possible.
NOTE: The regen switch can start a parked
regen only when at least one of two conditions Red Stop Engine Lamp
exists: either the DPF light is lit, or the engine
When the red Stop Engine lamp comes on, the com-
software calls for it. If neither of those conditions puter has detected a major malfunction in the engine
exist, the regen switch cannot cause a regen- that requires immediate attention. See Fig. 7.3. It is
eration to happen. the operators responsibility to shut down the
The function of the switch will vary by the engine engine to avoid serious damage.This system fea-
make and model in the vehicle. See the engine op- tures a 30-second, stepped-down power-shutdown
eration manual for switch operation details. sequence, or an immediate emergency-running
mode, in the event that a major engine malfunction
occurs. The conditions that will cause the red Stop
Engine lamp to come on are:
high coolant temperature
loss of coolant
high oil temperature
low oil pressure
auxiliary shutdown
Stop Engine Override Switch

10/02/2006 f610848
In the event that the vehicle is operating in a critical
Fig. 7.5, Request/Inhibit Regen Switch location when a shutdown is initiated, a Stop Engine
Override (SEO) switch can be used to override the
DD15 Heavy-Duty Engine shutdown sequence. See Fig. 7.3. This override re-
sets the shutdown timer, restoring power to the level
See Chapter 2 of this manual for information on the when the red stop engine lamp was illuminated. The
DDEC VI operator controls. See the Detroit Diesel switch must be recycled after five seconds to obtain
DD15 Engine Operators Guide for complete details a subsequent override.
of engine operation.
CAUTION
Engine Protection
An engine protection system monitors all engine sen- Using the override button so the engine operates
sors and electronic components, and recognizes sys- for an extended period may result in engine dam-
tem malfunctions. If a critical fault is detected, an age. The operator has the responsibility to take
amber Check Engine warning lamp and a red Stop action to avoid engine damage.
Engine lamp illuminate. See Fig. 7.3.
7.3
DDEC VI Driving Tips perienced a charge air cooler system leak. Even
while connecting trailer lights and air hoses, the
Accelerating the Vehicle driver may hear a different tone (exhaust and under
hood with the engine idling). If equipped with a turbo
The accelerator pedal was designed to communicate
boost gauge, the driver may occasionally note the
"percentage" of accelerator pedal travel to the engine
intake manifold pressure exceeds 35 psi (241 kPa).
MCM. A throttle characteristic you may need time to
get used to, is the DDEC limiting speed governor.
This allows the driver to command total engine re-
Idling
sponse between idle and rated speed, such as accel- The common belief that idling a diesel engine causes
erating at half throttlean advantage when driving no engine damage is wrong. Idling produces sulfuric
under slippery conditions. To obtain 100 percent fuel- acid, that is absorbed by the lubricating oil, and eats
ing at any speed, the accelerator pedal must be de- into bearings, rings, valve stems, and engine sur-
pressed to the fully pressed position. faces. If you must idle the engine for cab heat or
cooling, the high idle function of the cruise control
Shifting switches should be used. An idle speed of 900 rpm
Depending on your transmission model, the gear split should be enough to provide cab heat in above
may vary from 400 to 500 rpm. The electronic gover- freezing ambient temperatures.
nor provides almost no overrun capability; if the
transmission is downshifted too early, you will experi-
Cold-Weather Operation
ence a temporary loss of pulling power until the en- Precautions must be taken during cold weather to
gine speed falls below rated speed. In general, when protect your engine. Special cold-weather handling is
using a 9-speed transmission, you should always required for fuel, engine oil, coolant, and batteries.
downshift between 1000 and 1100 rpm. This is true The engine does not require starting aids down to
even on steep grades with heavy loads. When using 50F (10C). A grid heater is included for tempera-
an 18-, 15-, or 13-speed transmission, you will need tures between 50F (10C) and 4F (20C). Tem-
to downshift at an rpm that allows "less than rated" peratures below 4F (20C), will require a grid
rpm, before throttle application in the next gear heater, block heater, and oil pan heater.
down. You may want to limit engine speed to 1900
rpm in all gears.
CAUTION
The DD15 engine provides horsepower through 2100
rpm, but fuel economy is not as efficient above 1800 NEVER use ether as a starting aid to run a DD15
rpm. If you decide to drive at lower rpm for improved engine. Doing so will result in injector damage.
fuel economy, dont let different engine noises throw A winterfront may be used to improve cab heating. At
you off guard. The DD15 engine sounds quiet at least 25 percent of the grill opening should remain
1400 rpm, almost as if it had quit pulling. If you had open in sectioned stripes that run perpendicular to
a boost gauge to look at while driving, you would no- the charge air cooler tube flow direction. This as-
tice the turbocharger maintaining steady intake mani- sures even cooling across each tube, and reduces
fold pressure, even as rpm falls. Depending on the header-to-tube stress and possible failure. Winter-
air intake arrangement, you may also hear a "chuff- fronts should only be used when the ambient tem-
ing" sound as the engine starts to pull hard at lower perature remains below 10F (12C).
rpm. This is normal, and caused by the velocity
changes of the air flow within the air intake plumbing. Driving on Flat, Dry Pavement
Electronic engines can actually deliver more fuel at
lower engine speeds than at rated speed. Use the following guidelines when driving on flat, dry
pavement.
The DD15 engine has been designed for a very quiet
operation, but the air flow may be noticeable to the If driving on flat, dry, open stretches, with a
tuned attentive ear. The turbocharger operates at light load, place the progressive braking switch
higher boost pressure, forcing exhaust to flow in the LOW position.
through the exhaust gas recirculation plumbing. In If you find you are still using the service
some situations the driver may believe they have ex-
brakes, move the switch to a higher position
7.4
until you do not need to use the service brakes cent grade, under control at 10 mph (16 km/h)
to slow the vehicle. without an engine brake, but at 25 mph (40
km/h) it requires an engine brake. You could
If you are carrying a heavier load and road
not descend that same hill at 50 mph (80
traction is good, move the progressive braking km/h) and still expect to remain under control.
switch to the HIGH position. Know how much slowing power your engine
Check your progressive braking switch often brake can provide before descending hills, and
for proper position, since road conditions can do not exceed a safe control speed.
change quickly. Never skip a step when oper-
ating the progressive braking switch. Always go Driving on Wet or Slippery Pavement
from OFF to LOW, and then to a higher posi-
tion. WARNING
Descending a Long, Steep Grade To avoid injury from loss of vehicle control, do
An explanation of "control speed" may be helpful in not activate the engine brake system under the
understanding how to use the engine brake system following conditions:
while descending a grade. Control speed is the con- on wet or slippery pavement, unless the ve-
stant speed at which the forces pushing the vehicle hicle is equipped with ABS (antilock braking
forward on a grade, are equal to the forces holding it system) and you have had prior experience
back, without using the vehicle service brakes. In driving under these conditions;
other words, this is the speed the vehicle will main-
tain without using the service brakes or throttle. when driving without a trailer (bobtailing) or
pulling an empty trailer;
CAUTION if the tractor drive wheels begin to lock, or
there is fishtail motion after the engine brake is
Do not over apply the vehicle service brakes activated.
when descending a long, steep grade. Excessive
use of the vehicle brakes will cause them to heat NOTE: On single trailers or combinations, a light
up, reducing their stopping ability. This condi- air application of the trailer brakes may be desir-
tion, referred to as brake fade, may result in able to help keep the trailer stretched out. Fol-
loss of braking, which could lead to loss of con- low the manufacturers recommended operating
trol of the vehicle, resulting in personal injury or procedure when using the trailer brakes.
property damage.
On wet or slippery pavement, start with the master
Use the following guidelines when descending a switch in the OFF position and use the gear you
long, steep grade. would normally use under these conditions. If the
vehicle is maintaining traction, place the selective
Before beginning the descent, determine if
braking switch in the LOW position and turn ON the
your engine brake system is operating prop-
engine brake system. If the drive wheels are main-
erly, by lifting your foot briefly off the accelera-
taining traction and you desire greater slowing power,
tor pedal. You should feel the system activate.
move the braking switch to the next higher position.
Ensure the progressive braking switch is in the However, if the tractor drive-wheels begin to lock, or
appropriate power position. Check your pro- there is a fishtail motion, turn the engine brake sys-
gressive braking switch often for proper posi- tem OFF immediately and do not activate it until road
tion, since road conditions can change quickly. conditions improve.
Never skip a step when operating the progres-
Check your progressive engine braking switch often
sive braking switch. Always go from OFF to
for proper position, since road conditions can change
LOW and then to a higher position when on
quickly. Never skip a step when operating the pro-
slippery roads.
gressive braking system. Always go from OFF to
Do not exceed the safe control speed of your LOW and then to a higher position. See Chapter 2
vehicle. Example: You could descend a 6 per- for the proper operation of the engine brake.
7.5
Engine Starting, CAT, 2. Set the spring parking brakes.
Cummins, DDE S60, M-B 3. Place the transmission in neutral and disengage
the clutch.
CAUTION NOTE: On vehicles equipped with a neutral start

switch, the transmission must be in neutral be-
When starting a vehicle equipped with a manual fore the engine can be started. For air start sys-
transmission and clutch lockout switch, the tems, check the air supply before starting the
clutch pedal must be fully depressed during the engine. There must be 100 psi (689 kPa) of air
entire start sequence. Failure to do so can cause pressure available.
the pinion to release and re-engage, which could
cause ring gear and starter pinion damage. 4. Push the accelerator pedal to the floor once,
then release it.
If a vehicle does not start on the first attempt,
make sure that the engine has completely
stopped rotating before reapplying the starter CAUTION
switch. Failure to do so can cause the pinion to
release and re-engage, which could cause ring Do not crank the engine for more than 30 sec-
gear and starter pinion damage. onds at a time. Wait two minutes after each try to
allow the starter to cool. Failure to do so could
Moving a vehicle with the starter and/or using the cause starter damage.
starter to bump the engine for maintenance pro-
cedures is strictly prohibited. Use of these meth- NOTE: Some starters are equipped with an op-
ods to bump the engine over or move the vehicle tional thermostat. If overcranking occurs, the
can cause the pinion to release and re-engage, thermostat breaks the electrical circuit to the
which could cause ring gear and starter pinion starter motor until the motor has cooled.
damage. 5. Turn on the ignition switch. Release the switch
IMPORTANT: The starter can not be used for the moment the engine starts.
priming the fuel system. See the engine opera- 6. If the engine doesnt start after the previous step,
tion manual for priming instructions. Ring gear turn the ignition switch. After the engine begins
and starter pinion damage caused by improper to crank, push the accelerator pedal down half-
starting procedures is not warrantable. way and hold it while cranking. As soon as the
engine starts, release the accelerator pedal so
Caterpillar the engine runs at low idle, and release the igni-
tion switch.
NOTE: Before starting the engine, read Chap-
ter 2 for detailed information on how to read the 7. Do not apply a load to the engine or increase the
instruments and operate the controls. engine speed until the oil pressure gauge read-
ing is normal. Within 15 seconds after the engine
The information below contains guidelines for cold- starts, oil pressure should rise 10 to 20 psi (69 to
weather starting. For additional information, refer to 138 kPa) for C10 engines, and 18 psi (124 kPa)
"Ether Start System." for 3406E engines. If low oil pressure or no oil
pressure is indicated, shut down the engine im-
WARNING mediately to prevent serious damage. Do not
operate the engine until the cause of the problem
Do not use any starting aid, such as ether, in en- has been corrected. If the vehicle is equipped
gines with an intake air preheater. This could with an automatic shutdown system, the engine
cause an explosion, resulting in serious personal will shut down after 30 seconds if the oil pres-
injury or death. sure does not build up to the preset minimum. If
the engine shuts down, do not operate it (except
1. Before engine start-up, perform the engine pre- in an emergency) until the cause of the problem
trip inspection and daily maintenance checks in has been corrected.
Chapter 11.
7.6
8. Operate the engine at low load. After normal oil thermostat breaks the electrical current to the
pressure is reached and the temperature gauge starter motor until the motor has cooled.
begins to move, the engine may be operated at
full load. Check all gauges during the warm-up 6. When the engine is started, it takes a while to
period. get the lubricating oil film reestablished between
the shafts and bearings, and between the pistons
Cummins and Detroit Diesel S60 and liners. Bring the engine up to operating
speed gradually as it warms up and develops
NOTE: Before starting the engine, read Chap- stable oil pressure.
ter 2 for detailed information on how to read the The oil pressure gauge indicates any drop in lu-
instruments and operate the controls. On ve- bricating oil pressure or mechanical malfunction
hicles equipped with a neutral start switch, the in the lubricating oil system. The operator should
transmission must be in neutral before the en- note the loss of oil pressure and shut down the
gine can be started. engine before damage can occur.
1. Before engine start-up, perform the engine pre- 7. During the warm-up period, apply the load gradu-
trip inspection and daily maintenance checks in ally until the oil temperature reaches 140F
Chapter 11. (60C). For an engine starting a loaded vehicle,
the minimum coolant temperature must be ap-
2. Set the spring parking brakes. proximately 120F (49C).
CAUTION Starting After Extended Shutdown or Oil

Change
Protect the turbocharger during the start-up by
not opening the throttle or accelerating the en- Do the following steps after an oil change or after the
gine above 1000 rpm until normal engine idle oil engine has been shut down for more than 3 days:
pressure registers on the gauge. 1. Disconnect the electrical connector from the fuel
3. Set the throttle idle (hold down the clutch pedal). pump solenoid valve.
4. Make sure the transmission is in neutral. 2. Crank the engine until oil pressure shows on the
gauge.
CAUTION 3. Connect the electrical connector to the fuel pump
solenoid valve.
Do not crank the engine for more than 30 sec-
4. Start the engine. After one minute, shut down the
onds at a time. Wait two minutes after each try to
allow the starter to cool. Failure to do so could engine and check for leaks.
cause starter damage. 5. Allow five minutes for the oil to settle, then check
IMPORTANT: For Detroit Diesel engines, pump- the engine oil level and add oil if needed. Do not
overfill.
ing the accelerator before or during cranking will
not aid in starting. If the engine wont start, Mercedes-Benz
check the main engine power fuses; they may
have blown. The fuses are located along the 1. Perform the engine pretrip inspection and daily
main engine electrical harness on the left frame maintenance checks in Chapter 11.
rail, near the batteries. If needed, replace the 2. Set the parking brake.
fuses. Be sure to find the cause of the blown
fuses as soon as possible. 3. For manual transmissions, place the transmis-
sion in neutral and disengage the clutch.
5. Turn on the ignition switch. Release the switch
For automatic transmissions, make sure the
the moment the engine starts.
transmission shift control is in neutral or park.
NOTE: Some starters are equipped with an op-
tional thermostat. If overcranking occurs, the
7.7
CAUTION Cold-Weather Start Systems

Never attempt to start any Mercedes-Benz elec- CAUTION
tronic engine using ether or any other starting
fluid. Serious engine damage could result. Never attempt to start any Mercedes-Benz elec-
tronic engine using ether or any other starting
NOTE: On vehicles equipped with a neutral start fluid. Serious engine damage could result.
switch, the transmission must be in neutral be-
fore the engine can be started. For air start sys- WARNING
tems, check the air supply before starting the
engine. There must be 100 psi (689 kPa) of air If using a cold-weather-start system, be sure to
pressure available. follow the manufacturers instructions regarding
4. Turn the ignition switch to the ON position. All its use, handling, and storage. Many starting flu-
the electronic gauges on the ICU (instrumenta- ids are in capsules or pressure cans, and im-
tion control unit) complete a full sweep of their proper usage can be dangerous.
dials, the warning and indicator lights light up, Do not attempt to use any type of vapor-
and the buzzer sounds for 3 seconds. compound start system near heat or open flame.
Engine damage due to an explosion or fire in the
IMPORTANT: On vehicles equipped with an in-
intake manifold could result.
take air preheater, the INTAKE HEATER indica-
tor stays on for a minimum of 2 seconds, re- Do not breathe the ether fumes; doing so could
gardless of coolant temperature. Wait until the result in personal injury.
INTAKE HEATER indicator goes out before at- Caterpillar truck engines with direct injection are de-
tempting to start the engine. signed to start at temperatures above 10F (12C)
without using start systems. If the temperature is
5. Turn the ignition switch to the start position.
below 10F (12C), a start system may be neces-
Without touching the throttle pedal, start the en-
sary and/or crankcase oil may need to be heated.
gine.
Jacket water heaters are often used to assist starting
NOTE: Some starters are equipped with op- in low temperatures.
tional overcrank protection. If overcranking oc- The cold start system, approved for use on Cummins
curs, a thermostat breaks the electrical circuit to engines, has been based upon starting aid capabili-
the starter motor until the motor has cooled. ties to 25F (32C).
6. It is not necessary to idle the engine before en- See the manufacturers Engine Operation Manual for
gaging or starting the operation, but load should your engine, before using any cold start system.
be applied gradually during the warm-up period
until the oil temperature reaches 140F (60C). Cold-Weather Operation, CAT,
7. Check the oil pressure gauge for any drop in lu-
bricating oil pressure or mechanical malfunction
Cummins, DDE S60, M-B
in the lubricating oil system. Minimum oil pres- Caterpillar
sure at idle is 7 psi (50 kPa).
If the engine is in good mechanical condition and the
precautions necessary for cold-weather operation are
CAUTION taken, ordinary cold weather will not cause difficulty
in starting or loss of efficiency.
Do not rev the engine if the oil pressure gauge
indicates no oil pressure. Shut down the engine If the engine does not start, prime the fuel system.
if no oil pressure appears within approximately
IMPORTANT: If a winterfront is used on a ve-
ten seconds. Check to determine the cause of the
problem. Operating the engine with no oil pres- hicle with an electronic engine equipped with a
sure will damage the engine. charge air cooler, make sure that there are slit
7.8
openings distributed across the face of the win- the cold mode and allow the engine to operate
terfront to allow airflow through the entire normally.
charge-air-cooler core. Do not use a winterfront 6. Fuel cloud point is the temperature at which wax
with closed areas that block uniform air flow crystals become visible, which is generally above
across any sections of the charge-air-cooler the pour point of the fuel. To keep the fuel filter
crossflow tubes. This will adversely affect the elements from plugging with wax crystals, the
operation and durability of the charge air cooler. cloud point should be no higher than the lowest
ambient temperature at which the engine must
For cold-weather operation, use the following guide- start.
lines:
1. When starting the engine in temperatures below Cummins
32F (0C), use engine lubricants of lower vis-
cosity. Refer to your CAT Engine Operation and Satisfactory performance of a diesel engine operating
Maintenance Manual for specifications. in low ambient temperatures requires modification of
the engine, surrounding equipment, operating prac-
2. When the temperature is below freezing, use suf- tices, and maintenance procedures. The lower the
ficient antifreeze solution in the cooling system to temperatures the greater the amount of modification
prevent freezing. required, and yet with the modifications applied, the
3. During cold weather, give more attention to the engines must still be capable of operation in warmer
condition of the batteries. Test them frequently to climates without extensive changes.
ensure sufficient power for starting. Inspect all The following information is provided to engine own-
switches and connections in the electrical system ers, operators, and maintenance personnel on how
and keep them in good condition to prevent the modifications can be applied to get satisfactory
losses through poor contacts. See Group 15 of performance from their diesel engines.
the L-Line and A-Line Workshop Manual for de-
There are three basic objectives:
tailed information.
Reasonable starting characteristics followed by
4. If so equipped, turn off the battery disconnect practical and dependable warm up of the en-
switch after the engine is stopped, to prevent gine and equipment.
battery discharge while the starter motor is cool-
ing. A unit or installation which is as independent
as possible from external influences.
For starting below 0F (18C), an optional cold-
weather starting assist is recommended. For Modifications which maintain satisfactory oper-
temperatures below 10F (23C), consult your ating temperatures with a minimum increase in
Caterpillar dealer for recommendations. maintenance of the equipment and accesso-
ries.
WARNING If satisfactory engine temperature is not maintained,
higher maintenance cost will result due to increased
Do not use any starting aid, such as ether, in en- engine wear. Special provisions to overcome low
gines with an intake air preheater. This could temperatures are definitely necessary, whereas a
cause an explosion, resulting in serious personal change to a warmer climate normally requires only a
injury or death. minimum of revision. Most of the accessories should
5. When customer parameters include cold mode be designed in such a way that they can be discon-
operation and the coolant temperature is below nected so there is little effect on the engine when
64F (18C), the system puts the engine in cold they are not in use.
mode, limiting engine power, advancing timing, The two most commonly used terms associated with
and adjusting the low idle to 600 rpm to improve preparation of equipment for low-temperature opera-
warm-up time. The system will keep the engine tion are "winterization" and "arctic specifications."
in cold mode until coolant temperature rises
above 64F (18C) or until the engine has been
running for 12 minutes. The system will then stop
7.9
Winterization of the engine and/or components so Engine oil thickens as it gets colder, slowing
that starting and operating are possible in the lowest cranking speed. When cold, multigrade oil of-
temperature to be encountered, requires: fers less resistance to the cranking effort of the
engine and permits sufficient rpm to be devel-
Proper lubrication with low-temperature lubri-
oped to start the engine. Refer to "Lubricating
cating oils.
Oil Recommendations" in the Detroit Diesel
Protection from the low-temperature air. The Owners and Operators Guide for specific rec-
metal temperature does not change, but the ommendations.
rate of heat dissipation is affected. A winterfront may be used to improve cab
Fuel of the proper grade for the lowest tem- heating while idling. At least 25% of the grille
perature. opening should remain open in sectioned
stripes that run perpendicular to the charge air
Heat to raise the engine block and component cooler tube flow direction. This assures even
temperatures to at least 25F(32C) for start- cooling across each tube and reduces header-
ing in lower temperatures. to-tube stress, and possible failure. Winter-
Electrical equipment capable of operating in fronts should only be used when the ambient
the lowest expected temperature. All switches, temperature remains below 10F (12C).
connections, and batteries in the electrical sys- When an engine equipped with a DDEC sys-
tem should be inspected and kept in good con- tem is started at temperatures below 25F
dition to prevent losses through poor contacts. (4C), the idle speed automatically increases
Arctic specifications refer to the design of material to 900 rpm. The injection timing is also ad-
and specifications of components necessary for sat- vanced to decrease white smoke. As the en-
isfactory engine operation in extremely low tempera- gine oil warms up, the idle speed gradually de-
tures to as low as 65F(54C). Contact the nearest creases. When the oil temperature reaches
Sterling dealer or Cummins engine dealer to obtain 122F (50C), both the idle speed and the in-
the special items required. jection timing return to normal.
During cold weather, the batteries should be
CAUTION tested more frequently to ensure ample power
for starting. All electrical connections should be
"Antileak" antifreezes are not recommended for tight and in good condition to prevent losses
use in Cummins engines. Although these anti- through loose or corroded connections.
freezes are chemically compatible with DCA
water treatment, the "antileak" agents may clog Ethylene-glycol-base antifreeze is recom-
the coolant filters. mended. An inhibitor system is included in this
type of antifreeze and the corrosion protection
IMPORTANT: Fuel heaters used on vehicles is sufficient as long as the recommended con-
with Cummins CELECT Plus engine systems centration range of 30 to 67 percent (antifreeze
could cause high fuel temperatures that affect to water by volume) is employed.
engine performance and operation of the elec- If the engine is to be operated in arctic tem-
tronic engine controls. If a fuel heater is used, peratures, consult the nearest Sterling dealer
make sure it has thermostatic controls. If the or an authorized Detroit Diesel engine dealer
fuel heater has a timer, set the timer to activate for information regarding availability of special
only for a limited period of time before the en- cold-weather equipment.
gine starts. Make sure the fuel heater is used
only for starting the engine. Mercedes-Benz
For service products to use in cold weather, see
Detroit Diesel S60 Chapter 5 of the MBE4000 Engine Operators
Preparations made in advance of winter and mainte- Manual.
nance performed during the cold months will help to
ensure efficient engine starting and operation.
7.10
If the engine is well maintained, no difficulties should

be encountered when starting the engine under nor-
Engine Break-In, CAT,
mal winter conditions. The engine will start unaided Cummins, DDE S60, M-B
at temperatures above 4F (20C).
Every engine is tested on a dynamometer before
It is not necessary to press the accelerator pedal shipment, eliminating the need for a break-in period.
during starting. The Mercedes-Benz engine electronic Before running the engine for the first time, follow the
system automatically delivers the correct amount of instructions in the engine operators manual.
fuel for ignition, depending on the ambient tempera-
ture.
Engine Operation, CAT,
The intake air preheater is activated by turning the
ignition switch to the on position. If the engine is at Cummins, DDE S60, M-B
normal temperature, the INTAKE HEATER indicator
goes out after 2 seconds. DANGER
If the temperature is low enough to require the
heater, the INTAKE HEATER indicator stays on while Do not operate the engine in an area where flam-
the intake air preheater warms up. After the indicator mable vapors such as gasoline or diesel fumes
goes out, start the engine. If the engine doesnt start are present. Shut down the engine when in an
after about 30 seconds of cranking, turn the key to area where flammable liquids or gases are being
the off position and wait 2 minutes; then repeat the handled. Failure to observe these precautions
starting procedure. could result in serious injury or death.
NOTE: If the engine doesnt start on the second All diesel engines have been built to comply with the
requirements of the Federal (U.S.) Clean Air Act.
try, wait at least 5 minutes before using the in-
Once an engine is placed in service, the responsibil-
take air preheater again. ity for meeting both state and local regulations is with
IMPORTANT: In areas where the outside tem- the owner/operator. Good operating practices, regular
peratures frequently fall below 4F (20C), a maintenance, and correct adjustments are factors
coolant preheater is recommended. that will help to stay within the regulations. Proper
maintenance of the engine, which is the responsibility
1. Periodically check the coolant mixing ratio (con- of the owner/operator, is essential to keep the emis-
centration of antifreeze in the coolant). Add more sion levels low.
if necessary. The coolant mixing ratio should
never rise above 60 percent antifreeze. Engine Protection
2. Use low-viscosity lubricating oils for adequate On electronic engines, an engine-protection system
lubrication. monitors all engine sensors and electronic compo-
3. At temperatures below 32F (0C), do not use nents, and recognizes system malfunctions. If a criti-
summer-grade (2-D) diesel fuel. To avoid fuel cal fault is detected, an amber check-engine warning
problems due to paraffin separation, use winter- lamp and a red stop-engine lamp illuminate.
grade (1-D or winterized 2-D) diesel fuel only. The standard parameters that are monitored for en-
4. If the use of unblended summer-grade diesel fuel gine protection are: low coolant level, high coolant
in winter cannot be avoided, install a thermostati- temperature, low oil pressure, high soot level in the
cally controlled fuel heater to prevent wax from DPF, and uncontrolled DPF regeneration.
clogging the fuel filters, and formation of ice crys-
tals from water in the fuel. If a fuel heater is
Amber Check-Engine Warning Lamp
used, make sure it has thermostatic controls to When the amber check-engine warning lamp comes
prevent excessive heating of the fuel in warm on for any reason, the vehicle can still be operated,
weather. Excessive heating of fuel can cause a allowing the driver to proceed to the required desti-
loss of engine power. nation. This condition should be reported to an au-
thorized service center as soon as possible.
7.11
Red Stop-Engine Lamp must be recycled after five seconds to obtain a sub-
sequent override.
WARNING
CAUTION
When the red stop-engine light illuminates, most
engines are programmed to shut down automati- Using the override button so the engine operates
cally within 30 seconds. The driver must immedi- for an extended period may result in engine dam-
ately move the vehicle to a safe location at the age. The operator has the responsibility to take
side of the road to prevent causing a hazardous action to avoid engine damage.
situation that could cause bodily injury, property
damage, or severe damage to the engine. Caterpillar Engine Operation
The red stop-engine lamp illuminates to indicate that Proper operation and maintenance are key factors in
the engine-protection system has been activated. obtaining the maximum life and economy of an en-
The conditions that will cause the red stop-engine gine. Follow the directions in the Caterpillar Opera-
lamp to come on are: tion and Maintenance Management Manual and this
manual, for trouble-free, economical engine opera-
high coolant temperature
tion.
loss of coolant
1. Operate the engine at low load. After normal oil
low oil pressure pressure is reached and the temperature gauge
begins to move, the engine may be operated at
high soot level (DPF) full load.
uncontrolled DPF regeneration Caterpillar electronic engines automatically idle
On some engines, the engine ECU will derate the at 900 to 1000 rpm for the correct warm-up time
engine, allowing it to run at low rpm and slow vehicle after a cold engine start at lower than 40F
speed, until the vehicle can be driven to a safe loca- (5C). These electronic engine systems will re-
tion or to a service facility. On other engines, the en- duce the idle speed to 600 rpm when the engine
gine ECU will first derate the engine, then if the con- is warm enough to drive the vehicle.
dition does not improve, shut it down completely 30 IMPORTANT: Fuel heaters used on vehicles
seconds after the light comes on. The driver must with Caterpillar electronic engines could cause
safely bring the vehicle to a stop on the side of the
road before the engine shuts down.
excessive fuel temperatures that affect engine
performance and operation of the electronic en-
To restart the engine (override the shutdown com- gine controls. If a fuel heater is used, make sure
mand) turn the ignition switch to OFF, leave it there a it has thermostatic controls. If the fuel heater
few seconds, and turn the switch to START. The en- has a timer, set the timer to activate only for a
gine will run for a short period and shut down again if limited period of time before the engine starts.
the condition does not improve.
Make sure the fuel heater is used only for start-
IMPORTANT: Do not attempt to restart the en- ing the engine.
gine while the vehicle is moving. Bring the ve- 2. Select a gear that allows a smooth, easy start
hicle to a safe stop and restart the engine with without increasing engine speed above low idle
the vehicle stopped. or slipping the clutch. Engage the clutch
smoothly. Jerky starts waste fuel and put stress
Stop-Engine Override Switch on the drivetrain.
If the vehicle is equipped with a stop-engine override It is not necessary to accelerate Caterpillar elec-
(SEO) switch, it can be used to override the shut- tronic engines to governed speed in the lower
down sequence. This override resets the shutdown gears to get the vehicle moving except in a high
timer, restoring power to the previous level before the power demand situation such as starting on a
red stop-engine lamp was illuminated. The switch grade.
7.12
3. Continue to upshift until cruising speed is Power Takeoff (PTO) Governor

reached. Use only the rpm needed to make an
upshift into the next gear. The engine speed Caterpillar electronic engines may be equipped with
needed to make an upshift increases as the ve- a PTO governor. This mode is used only when the
hicle speed increases or if upshifts are made on vehicle is parked. The PTO mode is activated by the
uphill grades. If the vehicle can be operated in a On/Off and SET/RESUME switches.
higher gear after reaching the desired speed, 1. To engage the PTO:
select the highest gear available that will pull the
load. Experience with your vehicle will show you 1.1 Flip the On/Off switch on the instrument
what rpm is needed to make upshifts under vari- control panel to On.
ous conditions. This "progressive shifting" tech- 1.2 Hold the throttle down until the tachometer
nique will lower fuel costs because the engine reaches the desired engine speed.
will be operating at the lowest rpm needed to pull
the load. 1.3 Momentarily move the SET/RESUME
switch on the instrument control panel to
Caterpillar electronic engines can be pro- Set or push the Set button on the trans-
grammed to limit engine rpm while the vehicle is mission shift knob.
operated in the lower and higher gears. This fea-
ture assists the driver in following "progressive 2. To disengage the PTO:
shifting" techniques.
2.1 Depress the brake pedal or clutch pedal,
4. On uphill grades, begin downshifting when the or
engine rpm falls to 1200 rpm for C10, C12,
2.2 Flip the On/Off switch on the instrument
and 3406E electronic engines. Fuel economy will
be best if you let the engine lug back to around control panel to Off or press the PAUSE
this speed before you downshift. Downshift until button on the shift knob.
a gear is reached in which the engine will pull 3. To resume a previously selected engine speed:
the load. Let the engine lug down if you can
make it to the top of a hill without downshifting. 3.1 If the On/Off switch on the instrument con-
trol panel is in the Off position, flip it to
IMPORTANT: Dont let C10, C12, and 3406E On.
electronic engines exceed 2300 rpm (2100 rpm 3.2 Momentarily move the SET/RESUME
if equipped with an exhaust brake). switch on the instrument control panel to
5. On a downhill grade, do not coast or put the RESUME or press the RESUME button on
transmission in neutral. Select the correct gear the transmission shift knob.
that does not allow the engine to exceed its To adjust engine speed up or down, hold
maximum speed. Use the brakes to limit the ve- the SET/RESUME switch on the instru-
hicle speed. ment control panel at SET to accelerate or
A simple rule to follow is to select the same gear at RESUME to decelerate until the desired
(or one gear lower) that would be needed to go speed is reached; or, press the SET but-
up the grade. ton on the transmission shift knob to ac-
celerate or the RESUME button to decel-
6. As with any engine, prolonged idling of Caterpil- erate until the desired speed is reached.
lar engines is not recommended. An idling en-
gine wastes fuel and if left unattended, is also NOTE: The resume engine speed memory is
unsafe. not maintained if the ignition is shut off.
Caterpillar engines can be programmed to shut
off automatically after a specified idling time. The Cummins Engine Operation
vehicle transmission must be in neutral and the Cummins diesel engines have been built by Cum-
parking brake must be set for the automatic shut- mins to comply with the requirements of the Federal
off option to work. (U.S.) Clean Air Act. Once the engine is placed in
service, the responsibility for meeting both state and
7.13
local regulations is with the owner/operator. Good sure will build up against the shutdown valve and
operating practices, regular maintenance, and proper may prevent it from opening when the ignition
adjustments are factors which will help to stay within key is turned on.
the regulations.
Proper maintenance of the engine, which is the re- CAUTION
sponsibility of the owner/operator, is essential to
keep the emission levels low. Engine overspeed (engine speed exceeds high
idle, no-load rpm) can damage the engine.
Follow the directions in the Cummins Operation and
Maintenance Manual and this manual for trouble- 7. Use a combination of brakes and gears to keep
free, economical vehicle engine operation. the vehicle under control at all times and to keep
the engine speed below the rated governed rpm.
1. Cummins diesel engines produce high horse-
power and peak torque characteristics at lower Power Takeoff (PTO) Governor
rpm. Because of this, it is not necessary to keep
the engine "wound up" to deliver the required Cummins electronic engines may be equipped with a
horsepower at the wheels. These characteristics PTO governor. This mode is used only when the ve-
may also result in less shifting and make shifting hicle is parked. The PTO mode is activated by the
at lower rpm (toward peak torque) more practi- On/Off and SET/RESUME switches.
cal. 1. To engage the PTO:
2. Depending on the vehicle gearing, the posted 1.1 Flip the On/Off switch on the instrument
speed limit can sometimes allow operation in ei-
control panel to On.
ther of the top two gears; however, for improved
operating efficiency (fuel economy and engine 1.2 Hold the throttle down until the tachometer
life), operate in the top gear at reduced rpm reaches the desired engine speed.
rather than in the next lower gear at the maxi-
1.3 Momentarily move the SET/RESUME
mum rpm.
3. Cruise at partial throttle whenever road condi- SET or push the SET button on the trans-
tions and speed requirements permit. This driv- mission shift knob.
ing technique permits operating within the most
economical power range of the engine. IMPORTANT: Two PTO engine speeds can
be preset on CELECT Plus engines. With
4. When approaching a hill, open the throttle the On/Off switch on, move the SET/
smoothly to start the upgrade at full power, then RESUME switch to SET to reach the first
shift down as desired to maintain the maximum preset value or move the switch to RESUME
vehicle speed. The higher torque of Cummins
engines may permit topping some grades without
for the second preset value. After one preset
shifting. value has been selected, you must turn the
On/Off switch off then turn it back on before
5. Cummins engines are designed to operate over using the second preset value.
a wide speed range. More frequent shifting than
necessary does not allow proper utilization of this 2. To disengage the PTO:
flexibility. The driver who stays in top gear and 2.1 Depress the brake pedal, clutch pedal,
uses the wider speed range will achieve the best throttle pedal (CELECT Plus engines
fuel economy. only), or
6. The Cummins diesel engine is effective as a 2.2 Flip the On/Off switch on the instrument
brake on downhill grades, but care must be used control panel to Off or press the PAUSE
not to overspeed the engine going downhill. The button on the shift knob.
governor has no control over engine speed when
it is being pushed by the loaded vehicle. 3. To resume a previously selected engine speed:
Never turn off the ignition switch while going
downhill. With the engine still in gear, fuel pres-
7.14
3.1 If the On/Off switch on the instrument con-

On. 1
3.2 Momentarily move the SET/RESUME 2

3
RESUME or press the RESUME button on
the transmission shift knob. 0 10 20 30 40 50 60
(16) (32) (48) (64) (80) (97)
To adjust engine speed up or down, hold the SET/
RESUME switch on the instrument control panel at 4
11/02/95 f250319
SET to accelerate or at RESUME to decelerate until
the desired speed is reached, or press the SET but- 1. Governed RPM
ton on the transmission shift knob to accelerate or 2. Engine RPM
3. Idle RPM
the RESUME button to decelerate until the desired
4. Miles (Kilometers) Per Hour
speed is reached.
Fig. 7.6, Progressive Shift Pattern
NOTE: The resume engine speed memory is
not maintained if the cruise control On/Off NOTE: A momentary hesitation in throttle re-
switch is turned Off or if the ignition is shut off. sponse will occur when a vehicle with a turbo-
charged engine is started on a grade. Do not
Detroit Diesel S60 Engine Operation disengage the clutch. The rpm will recover and
Individual driving habits can make a difference in the the vehicle will accelerate up the grade.
performance and economy of any engine. The rec- 2. For city driving, run in the highest gear possible
ommendations that follow call attention to the tech- and reduce engine speed. This enables you to
niques that can be employed to save fuel and extend operate at a safe speed for traffic conditions
the operating efficiency and life of a new Detroit Die- while using less fuel and reducing noise. Also,
sel engine for the longest possible time. when slowing down for reduced speed zones,
All engines have an operating range in which the en- remain in your running gear and reduce engine
gine performs most efficiently. The operating range rpm to stay within the speed limit. Avoid down-
extends from maximum torque rpm at the low end to shifting until you are ready to return to highway
engine rated speed at the high end. Detroit Diesel cruising speed.
engines deliver best fuel economy when operated in 3. For highway cruising and for best fuel economy,
the low- and mid-speed segments of the efficiency run the engine at 80 to 90 percent of rated rpm
range and produce maximum horsepower at rated
to maintain highway speed. Engines with 1800
speed, which is also the recommended maximum
rpm ratings are exceptions and will provide fuel
speed of the engine.
economy when run at their rated speed. Proper
1. It is seldom necessary to accelerate the engine gear selection should permit cruising in the
to governed speed in the lower gears to get the economy range with no appreciable sacrifice in
vehicle moving, except in a high power demand desired highway speed.
situation such as starting on a grade. It is okay to operate below rated rpm at full
To conserve fuel, start off in low gear and de- throttle if you are satisfied with the way the ve-
velop only the engine speed needed to get roll- hicle performs. However, there are times when
ing. Then increase engine speed gradually as hilly terrain, high winds, or other conditions make
upward gear shifting progresses. it impractical to operate without reserve power.
Such conditions are better met if the vehicle is
As described by Detroit Diesel, this "progressive
operated in a lower gear with reserve power
shifting" technique will get the vehicle up to the
available for changes in terrain, wind, etc.
desired cruising speed while minimizing noise
emission and maximizing fuel economy. A pro- 4. The proper use of gears will shorten time on hills
gressive shift pattern is illustrated in Fig. 7.6. and minimize the amount of shifting. When start-
ing up a hill, gradually depress the accelerator
7.15
pedal all the way and keep it there as the vehicle engine provides maximum braking effect when
moves up the grade. If the engine continues to running at the top end of the operating range,
maintain a satisfactory road speed, remain in but it must not be allowed to exceed its full-load
that gear for the entire grade. rated rpm. Continue to downshift as further re-
duction in vehicle speed is required. If the ve-
If the hill causes a steady decline in engine rpm,
hicle is above the allowable maximum speed of a
downshift as required until the engine can main-
lower gear, use the service brakes to slow the
tain a stable uphill speed. Make full use of each
vehicle to an acceptable speed where the trans-
gear before going to a lower gear. By remaining
mission may be downshifted safely. Again, the
in a gear until arriving at the speed of the next
importance of knowing the shift points is demon-
lower gear, the vehicle will top the grade in the
strated.
best possible time on less fuel and fewer shifts.
5. Because of their constant torque over a wide IMPORTANT: The engine governor has no con-
speed range, Detroit Diesel engines can be oper- trol over engine rpm when the engine is being
ated at full throttle at lower rpm than other en- pushed by a loaded vehicle down a grade. Use
gines. This offers benefits in fuel economy and service brakes and gears in combination on
engine life. And more than likely it will be pos- long grades to keep the vehicle speed under
sible to top most grades without downshifting. control and the engine rpm below full-load rated
When the vehicle starts into a grade, allow the governed speed.
engine to lug down to maximum torque rpm be- 8. Essential information regarding the operation and
fore downshifting. Downshift, if required, at maxi- care of Allison automatic transmissions is con-
mum torque rpm also, or at the predetermined tained in the Allison Drivers Handbook. Applying
road speed for the next lower gear. the knowledge presented will not only make driv-
Do not be afraid to lug the engine down. It has ing easier, but will give the maximum benefits
more than enough torque at low rpm to keep a from an Allison-equipped vehicle.
loaded vehicle moving against a grade and it Maintenance literature is also available for driv-
wont harm the engine. ers of Allison-equipped vehicles who desire
6. The driver who is not familiar with the vehicles trouble-free performance and maximum life from
shift points can greatly improve driving skill by their equipment. These maintenance books are
learning them for all gears. By knowing rather available from any authorized Detroit Diesel en-
than guessing where the shift points are, it is gine distributor.
possible to avoid overspeeding the engine by 9. As with all engines, prolonged idling of Detroit
downshifting too soon or missing the full use of a Diesel engines is not recommended. An idling
gear by downshifting too late. The shift points of engine wastes fuel and left unattended, is also
any vehicle can be determined by a simple road- unsafe.
test method. Run the vehicle and determine the
maximum road speed possible in every gear at A Detroit Diesel Electronic Control (DDEC) en-
the engine governed full-load speed setting. gine can be equipped to shut off automatically
after 5 minutes of idling. The vehicle transmis-
The top road speed possible in a gear would be sion must be in neutral and the parking brake
the shift point for that gear. The results should be must be set for the automatic shutoff option to
recorded in the proper order of shifting and dis- work. To start the engine, follow the normal
played inside the cab. start-up procedure.
Engines equipped with DDEC will idle fast when
CAUTION cold. As the engine warms up to operating tem-
perature, the idle speed will decrease. Warm the
Do not allow the engine to exceed its governed engine until idle speed is normal before operat-
speed, or serious engine damage could result. ing the vehicle.
7. To slow the vehicle on downgrades and curves
(using the engine), shift to a lower gear and
allow the vehicle to decelerate in that gear. The
7.16
Power Takeoff (PTO) 3.2 Momentarily move the SET/RESUME

A power takeoff option is available for vehicles RESUME or press the RESUME button on
equipped with a DDEC system. The PTO operates the transmission shift knob.
only when the vehicle is at a standstill.
To adjust engine speed up or down, hold the SET/
Some vehicles have separate controls for the PTO. RESUME switch on the instrument control panel at
In the case of a preset nonadjustable PTO engine SET to accelerate or at RESUME to decelerate until
speed, there is only an on/off switch labeled FAST the desired speed is reached, or press the SET but-
IDLE. If the vehicle is equipped with a variable PTO ton on the transmission shift knob to accelerate or
engine speed, there are two controls: an on/off the RESUME button to decelerate until the desired
switch, and a potentiometer knob. Both of these are speed is reached.
labeled GOVERNOR.
On other vehicles, the PTO mode is activated by the Mercedes-Benz Engine Operation
On/Off and SET/RESUME cruise control switches. Individual driving habits can make a difference in the
performance and economy of any engine. The rec-
Operating the PTO With Separate PTO ommendations below call attention to the techniques
Controls that can be employed to save fuel and extend the
1. Set the parking brake. operating efficiency and life of a new Mercedes-Benz
engine for the longest possible time.
2. Turn on the switch labeled GOVERNOR (or
FAST IDLE for vehicles with a preset PTO sys- Engines with electronic controls can be equipped
tem). with a variety of options designed to warn the opera-
tor of engine problems. The operator of an electroni-
3. For vehicles with a variable PTO, use the poten- cally controlled engine should know the extent of the
tiometer knob to adjust the engine rpm. warning system in order to bring the vehicle to a safe
stop if the engine malfunctions. If the operator
Operating the PTO Using Cruise Control doesnt understand how the system works, an engine
Switches shutdown could cause a safety hazard. See Chap-
ter 2 for information on the control panels.
1. To engage the PTO:
All engines have an operating range in which the en-
1.1 Flip the On/Off switch on the instrument gine performs most efficiently. The operating range
control panel to On. extends from maximum torque rpm at the low end to
1.2 Hold the throttle down until the tachometer engine rated speed at the high end. Mercedes-Benz
indicates the desired engine speed. engines deliver best fuel economy when operated in
the low- and mid-speed segments of the efficiency
1.3 Momentarily move the SET/RESUME range and produce maximum horsepower at rated
switch on the instrument control panel to speed, which is also the recommended maximum
SET or push the SET button on the trans- speed of the engine.
mission shift knob.
The maximum speed in regular operation is 2000
2. To disengage the PTO: rpm. However, during engine braking only, a higher
2.1 Depress the brake pedal, clutch pedal, or rpm can be used to increase retarding power if nec-
essary. In engine braking conditions, the engine can
2.2 Flip the On/Off switch on the instrument be operated up to, but not exceeding 2500 rpm.
control panel to Off or press the PAUSE
1. It is seldom necessary to accelerate the engine
button on the shift knob.
to governed speed in the lower gears to get the
3. To resume a previously selected engine speed: vehicle moving, except in a high power demand
situation such as starting on a grade.
3.1 If the On/Off switch on the instrument con-
On.
7.17
To conserve fuel, start off in low gear and de- lower gear, the vehicle will top the grade in the
velop only the engine speed needed to get roll- best possible time on less fuel and fewer shifts.
ing. Then increase engine speed gradually as
5. Because of their high torque on the low end,
upward gear shifting progresses.
Mercedes-Benz engines can be operated at full
This "progressive shifting" technique will get the throttle at lower rpm than other engines. This
vehicle up to the desired cruising speed while offers benefits in fuel economy and engine life.
minimizing noise emission and maximizing fuel And more than likely it will be possible to top
economy. most grades without downshifting.
NOTE: A momentary hesitation in throttle re- When the vehicle starts into a grade, allow the
sponse will occur when a vehicle with a turbo- engine to lug down to maximum torque rpm be-
charged engine is started on a grade. Do not fore downshifting. Downshift, if required, at maxi-
disengage the clutch. The rpm will recover and mum torque rpm also or at the predetermined
the vehicle will accelerate up the grade. road speed for the next lower gear.
Do not be afraid to lug the engine down. It has
2. For city driving, run in the highest gear possible
more than enough torque at low rpm to keep a
and reduce engine speed. This enables you to
loaded vehicle moving against a grade and it
operate at a safe speed for traffic conditions
wont harm the engine.
while using less fuel and reducing noise. Also,
when slowing down for reduced speed zones, 6. The driver who is not familiar with the vehicles
remain in your running gear and reduce engine shift points can greatly improve driving skill by
rpm to stay within the speed limit. Avoid down- learning them for all gears. By knowing rather
shifting until you are ready to return to highway than guessing where the shift points are, it is
cruising speed. possible to avoid overspeeding the engine by
downshifting too soon or missing the full use of a
3. For highway cruising and for best fuel economy, gear by downshifting too late. The shift points of
run the engine at 1300 to 1500 rpm to maintain any vehicle can be determined by a simple road-
highway speed. Proper gear selection should test method. Run the vehicle and determine the
permit cruising in the economy range with no maximum road speed possible in every gear at
appreciable sacrifice in desired highway speed. the engine governed full-load speed setting.
It is recommended that you operate at a lower The top road speed possible in a gear would be
rpm if you are satisfied with the way the vehicle the shift point for that gear. The results should be
performs. However, there are times when hilly recorded in the proper order of shifting and dis-
terrain, high winds, or other conditions make it played inside the cab.
impractical to operate without reserve power.
Such conditions are better met if the vehicle is NOTE: In regular operation, the engine speed
operated in a lower gear with reserve power does not exceed the rated speed of 2000 rpm.
available for changes in terrain, wind, etc.
7. To slow the vehicle on downgrades, shift to a
4. The proper use of gears will shorten time on hills lower gear and apply the engine brake. Continue
and minimize the amount of shifting. When start- to downshift as further reduction in vehicle speed
ing up a hill, gradually depress the accelerator is required. If the vehicle is above the allowable
pedal all the way and keep it there as the vehicle maximum speed of a lower gear, use the service
moves up the grade. If the engine continues to brakes to slow the vehicle to an acceptable
maintain a satisfactory road speed, remain in speed where the transmission may be down-
that gear for the entire grade. shifted safely. Again, the importance of knowing
If the hill causes a steady decline in engine rpm, the shift points is demonstrated.
downshift as required until the engine can main- IMPORTANT: The engine governor has no con-
tain a stable uphill speed. Make full use of each trol over engine rpm when the engine is being
gear before going to a lower gear. By remaining
in a gear until arriving at the speed of the next
pushed by a loaded vehicle down a grade.
When using the engine brake it is recom-
mended to use engine speeds up to 2300 rpm.
7.18
The engine provides maximum braking effect 3. For vehicles with a variable PTO, use the poten-
when running at 2500 rpm, but it must not be tiometer knob to adjust the engine rpm.
allowed to exceed this speed.
Operating the PTO Using Cruise Control
CAUTION Switches
1. To engage the PTO:
Do not allow the engine to exceed 2500 rpm. Se-
rious engine damage could result. 1.1 Flip the On/Off switch on the instrument
control panel to On.
8. Essential information regarding the operation and
care of Allison automatic transmissions is con- 1.2 Hold the throttle down until the tachometer
tained in the Allison Drivers Handbook. Applying indicates the desired engine speed.
the knowledge presented will not only make driv- 1.3 Momentarily move the SET/RESUME
ing easier, but will give the maximum benefits switch on the instrument control panel to
from an Allison-equipped vehicle. SET or push the SET button on the trans-
Maintenance literature is also available for driv- mission shift knob.
ers of Allison-equipped vehicles who desire 2. To disengage the PTO:
trouble-free performance and maximum life from
their equipment. These maintenance books are 2.1 Depress the brake pedal, clutch pedal, or
available from any authorized Detroit Diesel en- 2.2 Flip the On/Off switch on the instrument
gine distributor. control panel to Off or press the PAUSE
9. As with all engines, prolonged idling of button on the shift knob.
Mercedes-Benz engines is not recommended. An 3. To resume a previously selected engine speed:
idling engine wastes fuel, and, left unattended, is
also unsafe. 3.1 If the On/Off switch on the instrument con-
Power Takeoff (PTO) On.
A power takeoff option is available for vehicles 3.2 Momentarily move the SET/RESUME
equipped with an electronically controlled operating switch on the instrument control panel to
system. Normally, the PTO operates only when the RESUME or press the RESUME button on
vehicle is at a standstill. the transmission shift knob.
Some vehicles have separate controls for the PTO. To adjust engine speed up or down, hold the SET/
In the case of a preset nonadjustable PTO engine RESUME switch on the instrument control panel at
speed, there is only an on/off switch labeled FAST SET to accelerate or at RESUME to decelerate until
IDLE. If the vehicle is equipped with a variable PTO the desired speed is reached, or press the SET but-
engine speed, there are two controls: an on/off ton on the transmission shift knob to accelerate or
switch, and a potentiometer knob. Both of these are the RESUME button to decelerate until the desired
labeled GOVERNOR. speed is reached.
On other vehicles, the PTO mode is activated by the
On/Off and SET/RESUME cruise control switches. Engine Shutdown, CAT,
Operating the PTO With Separate PTO
Cummins, DDE S60, M-B
Controls Caterpillar
1. Set the parking brake.
2. Turn on the switch labeled GOVERNOR (or
CAUTION
FAST IDLE for vehicles with a preset PTO sys- Stopping the engine immediately after it has been
tem). working under load can result in overheating and
7.19
accelerated wear of the engine components. Ex- 2. It is important to idle an engine 3 to 5 minutes
cessive temperatures in the turbocharger center- before shutting it down. This allows the lubricat-
housing will cause oil coking problems. Follow ing oil and the water to carry heat away from the
the procedure, outlined below, to allow the en- combustion chamber, bearings, shafts, etc. This
gine to cool. is especially important with turbocharged en-
gines.
1. With the vehicle stopped, apply the parking
brakes. Reduce the engine speed to low idle. Bearings and seals in the turbocharger are sub-
jected to the high heat of combustion exhaust
2. Place the transmission shift lever in neutral. gases. While the engine is running, this heat is
NOTE: If the engine has been operating at low carried away by oil circulation, but if the engine
loads, run it at low idle for 30 seconds before is stopped suddenly, the turbocharger tempera-
stopping. If the engine has been operating at ture may rise as much as 100F (56C). The ex-
treme heat may cause bearings to seize or oil
highway speed or at high loads, run it at low
seals to leak.
idle for 3 minutes to reduce and stabilize inter-
nal engine temperatures before stopping. 3. Do not idle the engine for excessively long peri-
ods. Long periods of idling are not good for an
3. Check the crankcase oil level while the engine is engine because the combustion chamber tem-
stopped. Maintain the oil level between the add peratures drop so low the fuel may not burn
and full marks on the dipstick. completely. This will cause carbon to clog the
4. Turn off the ignition key to shut down the engine. injector spray holes and piston rings, and may
result in stuck valves.
5. If equipped with an idle shutdown timer, it can be
set to shut the engine down after a preset If the engine coolant temperature becomes too
amount of time. Ninety seconds before the pre- low, raw fuel will wash the lubricating oil off the
set shutdown time, the "check engine" light will cylinder walls and dilute the crankcase oil; there-
begin to flash at a rapid rate. If the clutch pedal fore, all moving parts of the engine will suffer
or service brake indicate a position change dur- from poor lubrication.
ing this final ninety seconds, (diagnostic lamp 4. If the engine is not being used, shut it down by
flashing), the idle shutdown timer will be disabled turning the ignition key off.
until reset.
6. After stopping the engine, fill the fuel tank. CAUTION
7. If freezing temperatures are expected, allow the Stop the engine at the first sign of malfunction.
engine jacket water expansion tank to cool, then Almost all malfunctions give some warning to the
check the coolant for proper antifreeze protec- operator before significant damage occurs. Many
tion. The cooling system must be protected engines are saved because alert operators heed
against freezing to the lowest expected outside the warning signs (sudden drop in oil pressure,
temperature. Add permanent-type antifreeze if unusual noises, etc.) and immediately shut down
required. the engine.
8. Repair any leaks, perform minor adjustments,
tighten loose bolts, etc. Observe the vehicle mile- Detroit Diesel S60
age or the service meter reading, if so equipped.
Perform periodic maintenance as instructed in
the Lubrication and Maintenance Chart in the brakes and place the transmission in neutral.
Caterpillar Operation and Maintenance Manage- 2. Allow the engine to run at half speed or slower
mentmanual. with no load for 4 to 5 minutes to cool the engine
gradually and uniformly.
Cummins 3. Shut down the engine by turning the ignition key
1. With the vehicle stopped, apply the parking off.
brakes and place the transmission in neutral.
7.20
Mercedes-Benz are rated for higher altitudes than naturally aspirated

engines.
An engine will have smoky exhaust at high altitudes
brakes and put the transmission in neutral.
unless a lower gear is used. The engine will not de-
2. Allow the engine to idle for 1 to 2 minutes before mand full fuel from the fuel system unless the engine
shutting it down. is altitude-compensated by the use of a turbocharger.
Shift gears as needed to avoid excessive exhaust
3. Shut down the engine by turning off the ignition. smoke.
High-Altitude Operation, CAT, DDE S60, Mercedes-Benz

Cummins, DDE S60, M-B There is no restriction with respect to altitude opera-
tion. MBE4000 engines perform properly between
Caterpillar sea level and 13,000 feet (4000 m) above sea level.
Maximum turbocharger speed is determined by the
rack setting, the high idle speed setting, and the alti- Engine Braking System, CAT,
tude at which the engine is operated. The high idle
speed and the rack setting are not the same for all Cummins, DDE S60, M-B
altitudes; they have been established to permit the
engine to be operated at the altitude marked on the
CAT BrakeSaver
engine information plate. The BrakeSaver (optional on 3406E engines) permits
the operator to control the speed reduction of the
CAUTION vehicle on grades, curves, or anytime speed reduc-
tion is necessary but long applications of the service
If the high idle speed or the rack setting is brakes are not desired.
greater than specified for the altitude at which During downhill operation, the crankshaft is turned by
the engine is operated, damage to engine or tur- the rear wheels (through the drivetrain). To reduce
bocharger parts can result. the speed of the vehicle, an application of braking
The fuel pump rack has been set by qualified per- force can be made to the crankshaft. The Brake-
sonnel for a particular engine application. The gover- Saver does this by converting rotation energy into
nor housing and turbocharger are sealed to prevent heat which is removed by the engine cooling system.
unqualified personnel from tampering with the adjust- The BrakeSaver is controlled by the driver as neces-
ments. sary, by operating a lever on the instrument panel.
Braking force increases as the lever is moved toward
The engine can be operated at a lower altitude than the ON position. An air pressure gauge provides a
specified without danger of engine damage. In this relative indication of the braking force. An oil tem-
situation the engine will perform at slightly less than perature gauge indicates the heat in the BrakeSaver
maximum efficiency. When operated at a higher alti- during its operation. If the temperature gauge indi-
tude, the rack setting and high idle speed setting cates HOT, the BrakeSaver control lever must be
must be changed. These settings should be made moved to the OFF position. The oil temperature will
only by an authorized Caterpillar engine dealer. The decrease rapidly with the BrakeSaver off. When the
adjustments can be made by reprogramming the per- temperature reaches normal, the BrakeSaver can be
sonality module in the ECM. used.
Cummins
CAUTION
Engines lose horsepower when operated at high alti-
tude because the air is too thin to burn as much fuel Do not engage the BrakeSaver and control the
as at sea level. This loss is about 3 percent for each wheel speed with the accelerator. The design of
1000 feet (300 m) altitude above sea level for a natu- the cooling system is for the control of the tem-
rally aspirated engine. Most turbocharged engines perature of the oil at full engine power or full
7.21
BrakeSaver capacity, but not both at the same Driving Downhill

time.
While approaching a steep grade, make sure that the
Exhaust Brake exhaust brake switch is in the ON position. The ex-
haust brake actuates as soon as you remove your
An exhaust brake is an optional auxiliary braking sys- foot from the accelerator pedal. While going down
tem that assists but does not replace the primary the grade, use a low enough gear to safely descend
service brake system. An on/off instrument panel with a minimum application of the service brakes. As
switch in combination with the accelerator and clutch a general guideline, use the same gear as you would
pedal switches allows the operator to make maxi- to ascend the hill.
mum use of the exhaust brake in off-highway and
mountain driving as well as in traffic or high speed CAUTION
highway driving. It is not available with automatic
transmissions. Before descending a hill or steep grade always
The exhaust brake is a butterfly-type valve mounted select the proper gear. If the transmission is
in the exhaust pipe. When the operators foot is not taken out of gear while descending it is possible
on the accelerator pedal and the exhaust brake that you will not be able to select another gear
switch is in the ON position, an air cylinder shuts the because of maximum rpm being governed.
butterfly valve restricting the flow of exhaust gases Make sure the engine speed does not exceed the
and retarding the engine. This retarding action is car- maximum allowable engine rpm. Exceeding the maxi-
ried through the engine and drivetrain, slowing the mum engine rpm will result in damage to the engine.
vehicle and reducing the need for frequent service Apply the service brakes to reduce the engine rpm or
brake applications. make a slower descent by using a lower gear.
Exhaust brakes are not intended for use as the pri-
mary braking system during vehicle operation. CAUTION
Operation This device is not recommended for use on slip-
Before starting the engine, make sure that the ex- pery or low-traction road surfaces. Under these
haust brake switch is in the OFF position. Do not conditions a loss of vehicle control could possi-
turn the exhaust brake on until the engine has bly occur.
reached normal operating temperatures.
Exhaust Brake Operating Characteristics
Push the exhaust brake switch up to turn the exhaust
brake on. Push the switch again to turn the brake off. When you remove your feet from both the accelera-
See Fig. 7.7. tor and clutch pedals and the actuator switch is in
the ON position, the exhaust brake is activated. The
Make sure the exhaust brake is turned off before following conditions should exist if the brake is oper-
shutting off the engine. ating properly:
A slight change in the sound of the engine may
be noticed when the exhaust brake is acti-
vated.
Exhaust smoke should appear normal.
Engine temperature should remain in the nor-
mal operating range.
Road speed usually decreases when the ex-
09/15/98 f610128 haust brake is applied during a descent, except
when the vehicle is carrying a heavy load or
Fig. 7.7, Exhaust Brake Switch the grade is extremely steep. In these in-
stances, you may need to apply the service
brakes occasionally.
7.22
Do not expect a retarding effect similar to sud-

den hard application of the service brakes. The WARNING
exhaust brake retards the vehicle with a
smooth braking effect. The engine brake must be disengaged when
shifting gears. The clutch must be used if the
During a descent, the tachometer usually dash switch is in the LO or HI position. If the en-
shows a drop in rpm depending on the grade gine brake is engaged when the transmission is
and the vehicle load. in neutral, the braking power of the engine brake
Depending on the grade and vehicle load, you can stall the engine, which could result in loss of
may or may not feel the retarding force acting vehicle control, possibly causing personal injury
against your body when the brake is applied. and property damage.
The brakes retarding force may not always be Since the engine brake is most effective at rated en-
noticed, but it is actually preventing the vehicle gine speed, gear selection is very important. Gearing
from going much faster. down the vehicle within the limits of the rated engine
speed makes the engine brake more effective. Maxi-
CAUTION mum braking occurs with the use of the lowest gear
that does not exceed the rated engine speed. A rule
Installing an exhaust or auxiliary brake should of thumb for gear choice is to select the gear that
never allow the engine to exceed maximum gov- normally would be used to climb an approaching
erned speeds under any conditions. downhill grade. Generally, this same gear can be
used with the engine brake for a controlled descent
Jacobs Engine Brake of the hill.
A Jacobs engine brake is a hydraulic-electric engine "Control speed" is the speed at which the engine
attachment that converts a diesel engine into an air brake performs 100 percent of the required downhill
compressor. This is done by changing engine ex- braking, resulting in a constant speed of descent.
haust valve operation. An engine brake is not a sub- The control speed varies, depending on vehicle
stitute for a service braking system, except in emer- weight and the downhill grade.
gencies, because it does not provide the precise For faster descent, select a higher gear than that
control available from the service brakes. used for control speed. Service brakes must then be
The Jake Brake is controlled by a single, dash- used intermittently to prevent engine overspeed and
mounted paddle switch with three positions: OFF, to maintain desired vehicle speed.
LO, and HI. IMPORTANT: When descending a grade, re-
Jacobs Engine Brake Operation member that frequent use of service brakes
causes them to become hot, which results in a
reduction of their stopping ability. Grade descent
WARNING speed should be such that the service brakes
Do not use the engine brake if road surfaces are are used infrequently and that they remain cool,
slippery. Using the engine brake on wet, icy, or thus retaining their effectiveness.
snow-covered roads could result in loss of ve- A driver may descend slower than control speed by
hicle control, possibly causing personal injury selecting a lower gear, one that will not overspeed
and property damage. the engine. The engine brake retarding force will
To engage the engine brake, the dash switch must then be sufficient to cause vehicle deceleration. Oc-
be in the LO or HI position and both the clutch and casional deactivation of the engine brake may be
throttle pedals must be fully released. To disengage necessary to maintain the designated road speed
the engine brake, depress the throttle or clutch under these conditions.
pedal, or move the dash switch to OFF. The engine brake can be used to stop a vehicle if
the service brakes quit working. By energizing the
engine brake as soon as a service brake problem is
apparent, a retarding effect is applied to the vehicle.
7.23
As grade conditions permit, the driver can progres- Turbo Brake (MBE4000 only)
sively downshift using the engine brake in each gear.
Eventually the engine brake will stop the vehicle. For high braking output, the Mercedes-Benz
MBE4000 engine can be equipped with an optional
WARNING turbo brake.
The turbo brake can be operated either manually or
Using the engine brake as a primary braking sys- automatically, through the cruise control function. If
tem when the service brakes are operable is dan- the turbo brake is operated manually, there is a four-
gerous. This can cause long, unpredictable stop- position switch on the dashboard: OFF/ LOW/ MED/
ping distances, possibly resulting in personal HIGH.
injury or property damage.
The turbo brake provides 600 brake horsepower at
Whenever vehicle braking is required, the engine 2500 engine rpm. In the braking condition the
brake may be used with the service brakes. There is MBE4000 turbo brake engine operates as a turbo-
no time limit for operation of the engine brake. charged compressor, resulting in high braking output.
It is recommended to operate the turbo brake up to
1. After the engine is warmed up and the vehicle is the 2300 rpm level. This provides approximately 550
in motion, move the paddle switch to the desired brake horsepower which should cover most situa-
position, LO or HI. Depending on the engine tions. If additional braking power is required, engine
model, LO will provide 1/3 or 1/2 of the full brak- speed can be increased to 2500 rpm maximum, re-
ing capacity of the engine. HI will provide maxi- sulting in 600 brake horsepower.
mum engine braking.
2. The engine brake activates when the dash CAUTION
switch is in LO or HI position and the drivers
feet are removed from both the clutch and Do not allow the engine to exceed 2500 rpm. Se-
throttle pedals. If it fails to activate, stop the ve- rious engine damage could result.
hicle in a safe spot, and check the adjustment of
the throttle and clutch switches. If no cause can Because the charge air pressure is maintained at a
be detected in the electrical system, check the high level during braking, full throttle response is
engine brake system. Refer to the vehicle work- available immediately, if the operator desires it, with-
shop manual for instructions. out any turbo lag.
3. To obtain maximum retarding, maintain the top

governed speed of the engine through appropri-
CAUTION
ate selection of gears when the engine brake is The turbo brake should only be operated when
in use. the engine coolant temperature exceeds 140F
4. When either the clutch or throttle pedal is de- (60C). It cannot be engaged below this level. Be
pressed, the engine brake is deactivated. aware that no engine retarding system is avail-
able during engine warm-up.
CAUTION The MBE4000 turbo brake is combined with
Mercedes-Benz constant throttle technology, but an
If the engine brake fails to shut off when either exhaust flap is not used. The turbo brake emits very
the throttle or clutch pedal is depressed, place low levels of noise making it an environmentally
the dash switch in the OFF position and do not friendly system. It is maintenance-free, highly reli-
use the engine brake until the throttle or clutch able, and adds virtually no weight to the engine.
switch system is repaired. If the engine brake
fails to shut off when the dash switch is turned Constant-Throttle Engine Brake
off, the engine should be shut down and the en- (MBE4000 only)
gine brake repaired before continuing operation.
Failure to do so could result in damage to the The standard engine braking system is the constant-
engine. throttle system combined with an exhaust flap. To
increase braking performance, each cylinder is
7.24
equipped with a small valve built into the cylinder Clutch Operation
head. This valve is always open during engine brake
activation, and it allows compressed air to exhaust Starting the Vehicle in the Proper Gear
when the piston is at top dead center. This removes An empty vehicle can be started in a higher trans-
pressure from the piston as it moves to the bottom mission gear ratio than a partially or fully loaded ve-
dead center position. hicle. A good rule of thumb for the driver to follow is:
The standard constant-throttle engine brake is select the gear combination that allows you to start
equipped with an exhaust flap. During engine brake moving with an idling engine, or if necessary, just
operation, the six constant throttle valves are open in enough throttle to prevent stalling the engine. After
parallel and the exhaust flap is closed. For normal the clutch is fully engaged, the engine should be ac-
engine brake use, operate the engine up to 2300 celerated to the correct rpm for the upshift into the
rpm. If increased retarding power is required, the next higher gear.
maximum 2500 engine rpm can be used.
Gear Shifting Techniques
CAUTION Many drivers upshift into the next gear, or even skip-
shift into a higher gear, before the vehicle has
Do not allow the engine to exceed 2500 rpm. Se- reached the proper speed. This type of shifting is
rious engine damage could result. almost as bad as starting off in a gear that is too
A two-position switch on the dash controls the engine high, since the engine rpm and vehicle speeds are
braking system. Like the exhaust flap, the constant too far apart, requiring the clutch to absorb the speed
throttles are deactivated when the accelerator or difference with friction, creating heat. For transmis-
clutch pedal is depressed. The ABS system, when sion operating instructions, see Chapter 8.
active, also deactivates constant-throttle braking. A clutch brake is installed on vehicles equipped with
unsynchronized transmissions. The clutch brake is
Clutches applied by fully depressing the clutch pedal. Its pur-
pose is to stop the transmission gears from rotating
General Information in order to engage the transmission gears quickly in
making an initial start.
The major reason why clutches wear out too soon is
excessive heat. Clutches are designed to absorb and
dissipate more heat than encountered in typical op- CAUTION
eration. The temperatures developed in typical op-
eration will not break down the clutch friction sur- Never apply the clutch brake when making down-
faces. However, if a clutch is slipped excessively or shifts or upshifts. The clutch pedal should never
asked to do the job of a fluid coupling, high tempera- be fully depressed before the transmission is put
tures develop quickly and destroy the clutch. Tem- in neutral. If the clutch brake is applied with the
peratures generated between the flywheel, driven transmission still in gear, a reverse load will be
discs, and pressure plates can be high enough to put on the gear. At the same time, it will have the
cause the metal to flow and the friction facing mate- effect of trying to stop or decelerate the vehicle
rial to char and burn. with the clutch brake. Rapid wear of the friction
discs will take place necessitating frequent re-
Heat and wear are practically nonexistent when a placement. Considerable heat will be generated,
clutch is fully engaged. But during the moment of which will be detrimental to the release bearings
engagement when the clutch is picking up the load, it and transmission front bearings.
generates considerable heat. An improperly adjusted
or slipping clutch will rapidly generate sufficient heat Excessive Vehicle Load, or Overloading
to destroy itself.
the Clutch
The most important items that a driver should be
aware of to ensure long service life of the clutch in- Clutches are designed for specific vehicle applica-
clude: starting in the right gear, clutch malfunctions, tions and loads. These limitations should not be ex-
and when to adjust a clutch. ceeded.
7.25
Free pedal should be included and commented on

CAUTION daily in the drivers report, since clutch free pedal is
the maintenance departments guide to the condition
Overloading will not only result in damage to the of the clutch and the release mechanism.
clutch, but also to the entire powertrain.
See Group 25 of the L-Line and A-Line Workshop
Riding the Clutch Pedal Manual for clutch adjustment procedures and specifi-
cations.
Riding the clutch pedal is very destructive to the
clutch, since partial clutch engagement permits slip-
page, generating excessive heat. Riding the clutch CAUTION
pedal will also put a constant thrust load on the re-
Operating the vehicle with incorrect free pedal
lease bearing, which can thin out the lubricant. Re-
could result in clutch damage.
lease bearing failures can be attributed to this type of
misuse. Clutch brake squeeze is an increased resistance
(greater than the force of the clutch spring) felt as
Holding the Vehicle on an Incline With a the clutch pedal approaches the end of its stroke. If
Slipping Clutch the gears grind when shifting into first or reverse
gear with the clutch pedal fully depressed, the clutch
A slipping clutch accumulates heat faster than it can is out of adjustment or the clutch brake is worn and
be dissipated, resulting in early clutch failures. Never needs to be replaced.
use the clutch as a hill holder.
Clutch Adjustments
Coasting With the Clutch Released
(Pedal Depressed) and the Transmission Clutches have an internal adjustment and external
in Gear linkage adjustment. See Group 25 of the L-Line and
A-Line Workshop Manual for clutch adjustment pro-
Coasting with the clutch released and the transmis- cedures and specifications.
sion in gear can cause high driven disc rpm through
multiplication of ratios from the final drive and trans- CAUTION
mission.
Operating the vehicle with the clutch improperly
WARNING adjusted could result in clutch or clutch brake
failure.
Do not coast with the clutch released (pedal de-
pressed) and the transmission in gear. High Lubrication
driven-disc rpm could cause the clutch facing to
be thrown off the disc. Flying debris could cause On vehicles equipped with a greaseable release
injury to persons in the cab. bearing, the release bearing and linkage should be
lubricated at frequent intervals. See Group 25 of the
Engaging the Clutch While Coasting L-Line and A-Line Maintenance Manual for intervals
and procedures.
Engaging the clutch while coasting can result in tre-
mendous shock loads and possible damage to the
clutch, as well as to the entire drivetrain. CAUTION
Reporting Erratic Clutch Operation Failure to lubricate the release bearing and link-
age as recommended could result in release
Promptly bearing and clutch damage.
Reporting erratic clutch operation as soon as pos-
sible will give maintenance personnel a chance to
inspect and lubricate the clutch components, make
necessary internal clutch and linkage adjustments,
etc.
7.26
8
Transmissions
Freightliner SmartShift Transmission Shift Control, Optional . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.1
Eaton Fuller AutoShift Automated Models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.1
Eaton UltraShift DM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.4
Fuller Straight-Shift Models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.10
Fuller Range-Shift Models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.11
Fuller Splitter and Range-Shift Models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.13
Fuller Deep-Reduction and Range-Shift Models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.15
Allison Automatic Models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.18
Transmissions
Freightliner SmartShift 5 6 7
Transmission Shift Control, 4 8
3
Optional
General Information
The SmartShift transmission control is an electronic 1
9
transmission control device. It is installed with the 2
following transmissions: 10
11
Eaton Fuller AutoShift 12
01/24/2003 f270120
Eaton Fuller UltraShift DM
To upshift manually, pull the lever up (towards you). To
Meritor SureShift downshift manually, push the lever down (away from
you).
It replaces the typical floor-mounted shift lever or 1. SmartShift Control Lever
dash-mounted push button control. 2. Slide Switch (forward driving mode switch)
SmartShift accepts driver requests for transmission 3. MAN Position (of slide switch)
functions and transmits them through hard wiring to 4. AUTO Position (of slide switch)
5. Upshift Direction
the transmission control unit (TCU). SmartShift is a
6. Reverse Position (of selector switch)
true shift-by-wire system. 7. Selector Switch
SmartShift offers two main advantages over conven- 8. Neutral Lock Button
tional transmission control devices. Without a floor- 9. Neutral Position (of selector switch)
mounted shift control, usable cab space is increased. 10. Drive Position (of selector switch)
11. Low Position (of selector switch)
Access to the sleeper is improved by removing the
12. Downshift Direction
shift lever from the floor.
The SmartShift control mounts to the right-hand side Fig. 8.1, Four-Position SmartShift Control (with Eaton
Fuller transmissions)
of the steering column and is operated by the fingers
of the drivers right hand, allowing both hands to re- Embedded in the selector switch is a small neutral
main on the steering wheel. lock button to prevent accidental shifts into gear from
A two-position slide switch is mounted on the body of neutral. Any time you shift through N, press down on
the control lever just before the paddle widens out. the neutral lock button to move the switch from neu-
The slide switch allows the driver to choose auto- tral (N) to another gear, such as drive (D), low (L), or
matic (AUTO) mode or manual (MAN) mode. The reverse (R). When shifting to N, it is not necessary to
SureShift lever has no slide switch. press the neutral lock button.
In AUTO mode, gears shift automatically, without
driver interaction. Manual gear shifts (all SureShift Eaton Fuller AutoShift
shifts; AutoShift or UltraShift when in MAN mode) are
accomplished by a momentary pull or push on the
Automated Models
control in the plane perpendicular to the steering General Information, AutoShift
wheel. Pull upward (toward you) on the control to
upshift and push downward (away from you) to The AutoShift AS2 is a partially automated Eaton
downshift. The control is spring-loaded and returns to Fuller transmission. The driver must use the clutch
mid-position when released after an upshift or down- and put the transmission in neutral to start and stop
shift. the vehicle.
For the Eaton Fuller automated transmissions, a Eaton Fuller 10-speed AutoShift transmissions have
four-position (R, N, D, L) selector switch (Fig. 8.1) is 10 forward speeds and two reverse speeds. The
located at the end of the lever. For the Meritor Sure- transmission consists of a 5-speed front section and
Shift transmission, a three-position (R, N, F) selector a 2-speed rear section.
switch (Fig. 8.2) is located at the end of the lever.
8.1
Transmissions
the shift to neutral and completes the gear

2 3 change after driver input.
4 The Electronic Control Unit (ECU) includes two
SHIFT
UP
controllers: a transmission ECU and a system
PULL ECU. The transmission ECU controls all trans-
Smart
Shift
mission shift functions and the system ECU
PUSH 5 manages all vehicle interfaces for transmission
1 SHIFT
DOWN
shift functions.
6
An electronic range valve, controlled by the
7 transmission ECU, is used to perform range
11/23/99 f270081
shifts.
To upshift, pull the lever up (towards you). To downshift,
pull the lever down (away from you).
1. SmartShift Control Lever
2. Upshift Direction
3. Reverse Position (on selector switch)
4. Selector Switch
5. Neutral Position (of selector switch)
6. Forward Position (of selector switch) 1 A
7. Downshift Direction
Fig. 8.2, SmartShift Control (with Meritor SureShift 2

transmission) SOLID
Eaton Fuller 18-speed AutoShift transmissions have 3
18 forward speeds and four reverse speeds. These SOLID
transmissions consist of a 5-speed front section and
a 4-speed auxiliary section. 4
FLASHING
The driver does not need to break torque or increase
or decrease engine speed to synchronize the shift.
The transmission signals the engine controller when 5
to break torque and the engine controller automati- SOLID
02/17/98 B f270062
cally increases or decreases engine speed. When
engine speed is correct, the transmission engages A. Gear Display Module B. Module Detail
the next gear and signals the engine controller to 1. Current Gear
resume operation. 2. 9th Gear Engaged
3. In 9th Gear, Preselected Toward 10th
The AutoShift system consists of the following com- 4. Out Of Gear, Waiting For Engine/Transmission RPM
ponents: To Synchronize
5. 10th Gear Engaged
The SmartShift control paddle on the steering
column. Fig. 8.3, Gear Display Module
The gear display module (Fig. 8.3) mounted on
the dashboard indicates the current gear posi- Operation, AutoShift with SmartShift
tion or transmission status. The display also Start-Up
flashes the next gear to be engaged while the
transmission is in neutral during a gear 1. With the parking brake applied, press the clutch
change. all the way down to the floor.
The shifter mechanism performs shifts at the 2. Start the engine.
front portion of the transmission. It preselects 3. Check to make sure the transmission is in neu-
tral.
8.2
Transmissions
4. With the transmission in neutral, release the Neutral Position

clutch.
Select neutral by sliding the selector switch to the
NOTE: This allows the speed sensor on the "N" position.
input shaft to get a reading.
NOTE: Neutral is always available during opera-
5. Press down on the clutch again and release the tion. When in neutral, upshift and downshift re-
parking brake. quests are ignored. If the mode selector switch
6. Select the desired starting gear. is moved from neutral (N) to drive (D) while the
vehicle is moving, the transmission will shift into
7. Release the clutch. a gear causing the engine to go to a high torque
IMPORTANT: If you have to leave the cab with level, under the engines rated torque.
the engine running:
Selecting a Starting Gear
Place the transmission in neutral.
1. In automatic mode, select drive (D) by sliding the
Set the parking brakes. selector switch downward to the next position
Chock the tires. below the neutral position.
2. Disengage the clutch to engage the gear se-
Automatic and Manual Modes lected. Engage the clutch and drive the vehicle.
A two-position slide switch (forward driving mode
switch) is located near the end of the control. The Changing the Default Starting Gear
switch positions are labelled MAN (manual shift To select a starting gear other than the default start-
mode) and AUTO (automatic drive mode). ing gear, follow the instructions below.
NOTE: In automatic drive mode, upshifts and 1. Make sure the vehicle is stopped and in drive.
downshifts require no driver interaction. Move
2. In either automatic or manual mode, pull upward
the selector switch to the drive (D) position, dis-
on the control (to increase), or push downward
engage the clutch to engage the gear selected, (to decrease). Each pull upward on the control
engage the clutch and drive the vehicle. In increases the starting gear by one gear, but no
manual shift mode, upshifts and downshifts re- higher than fourth gear.
quire either a pull upward or push downward on
the control. 3. The number of the gear selected will flash on the
message display screen until the driver engages
Driver Message Center the clutch. This gear will be stored in memory as
the default starting gear until either a different
Gear information is presented to the driver via a starting gear is selected by the driver or the en-
light-emitting diode (LED) display on the dash. In au- gine is shut down.
tomatic drive mode, the number of the forward gear
currently engaged appears continually on the mes- NOTE: The transmission may also be pro-
sage display screen when in drive (D). In manual grammed so that it is not possible to select a
shift mode, the current gear is displayed until a new starting gear other than the preprogrammed de-
gear is requested. When neutral (N) is engaged, "N" fault starting gear.
will appear on the message display screen. When
reverse (R) is engaged, either "RL" or "RH" will ap- Reverse
pear on the message display screen.
1. To engage reverse (R), slide the selector switch
IMPORTANT: The information shown on the upward to the next position above the neutral
message display screen indicates the state of position and disengage the clutch.
the transmission only, not the state of the NOTE: AutoShift 10- and 18-speed transmis-
SmartShift control. sions have a dual-range reverse. Reverse low
(RL) is the default reverse gear.
8.3
Transmissions
2. Select reverse high (RH) by pulling upward on If a requested gear is not available, an audible
the control. warning will sound and the gear display module
NOTE: Reverse may be engaged below a pro- will indicate that the gear is not available. An
grammable forward speed in order to rock the unavailable requested upshift is not stored in
vehicle. If reverse is selected above the pro- memory. The upshift must be requested again.
grammed forward speed, an audible warning will
Downshifting
sound and a message indicating that the gear is
not available will appear on the message dis- NOTE: With the transmission in drive (D) in the
play screen. automatic mode, downshifts require no driver
interaction.
Low Gear Operation
1. With the transmission in drive in the manual
Use low (L) when descending steep hills and using mode, request a downshift by pushing downward
compression braking. Engine speed will be increased on the control. If the requested gear is available,
by 200 rpm and shift points will be offset by 200 rpm. the transmission will downshift.
The efficiency of the exhaust brake will be maxi-
mized. NOTE: A single, momentary push downward on
the control selects the next lower gear when it is
Using the Clutch available. Two consecutive, momentary down-
ward pushes will cause a skip shift, when the
Use the clutch to start and stop the vehicle.
next two lower gears are available and condi-
Upshifting tions are right.
2. To skip shift, move the control two times in less
NOTE: With the transmission in drive (D) in the
than 1/2 second. The number of the gear en-
automatic mode, upshifts require no driver inter- gaged will appear on the message display
action. screen.
1. With the transmission in drive in the manual NOTE: The Eaton Fuller AutoShift 18-speed
mode, request an upshift by pulling upward on
the control. If the requested gear is available, the
transmission is able to perform triple downshifts
transmission will upshift. when the next three lower gears are available
and conditions are right. To triple shift this trans-
NOTE: A single, momentary pull upward on the mission, move the control three times in less
control selects the next higher gear when it is than 1/2 second.
available. Two consecutive, momentary upward
pulls will cause a skip shift when the next two If a requested gear is not available, an audible
higher gears are available and conditions are warning will sound and the gear display module
right. will indicate that the requested gear is not avail-
able. Unlike upshifting, an unavailable requested
2. To skip shift, move the control two times in less downshift is stored in memory and the shift will
than 1/2 second. The number of the gear en- be made when the gear is available. The time
gaged will appear on the message display limit for this memory is a programmable param-
screen.
eter.
NOTE: The Eaton Fuller AutoShift 18-speed
transmission is able to perform triple upshifts Eaton UltraShift DM
when the next three higher gears are available
and conditions are right. To triple-shift this trans- General Information, UltraShift DM
mission, move the control three times in less Eaton UltraShift DM is a ten-speed heavy-duty fully
than 1/2 second. automated transmission. No clutch pedal is required
to operate the vehicle.
8.4
Transmissions
UltraShift DM uses a dry clutch system which is of- 1

fered only on this automated transmission system. 2
The UltraShift transmission uses the four-position CHECK

SmartShift lever on the steering column to select TRANS
gears. To know what gear the transmission is in, look TRANS

at the round current gear indicator on the right-hand TEMP
control panel as shown in Fig. 8.4. All forward shifts

can be made either manually or automatically, at the BRAKE
drivers choice.
1
10/27/2003 f610677
1. "CHECK TRANS" Light
2 2. "TRANS TEMP" Light
Fig. 8.5, Telltale Lights
12/22/2003 f270079a
To know what gear the transmission is in, look at the
current gear indicator.
1. Current Gear Indicator
2. SmartShift Control
10/13/2003 f610678
Fig. 8.4, Shift Controls and Indicators, UltraShift
Transmissions Fig. 8.6, Power Up Dot Display
Operation, UltraShift DM the UltraShift DM TCU is powered up. Apply the

service brake and start the engine.
Power Up
5. Select drive (D) by pressing in the neutral lock
1. With the parking brake set, select neutral (N) by button and moving the selector switch downward
moving the selector switch to the N position. to the position below neutral. Release the park-
2. With the transmission in neutral, turn on the igni- ing brake. The gear is displayed on the current
tion switch. The "CHECK TRANS" and "TRANS gear indicator.
TEMP" telltale lights come on and go out again NOTE: When D is selected, the transmission
(bulb check). See Fig. 8.5. controller starts up in second gear. If desired,
3. After the ignition is turned on, the current gear the driver can select to start up in first. No other
indicator shows the dot display, arranged in a start gear is available.
square pattern. All dots in the pattern should light 6. On a level grade, release the service brake and
up, without gaps or spaces. See Fig. 8.6.
press down on the throttle pedal to allow the ve-
4. Wait for the current gear indicator to show a solid hicle to move forward.
"N." When the "N" is solid, rather than flashing,
8.5
Transmissions
WARNING
When starting or stopping on hills and grades,
use extra care to prevent the vehicle from rolling
back. A rollback accident could cause death, seri-
ous personal injury, or property damage.
7. Prevent the vehicle from rolling backwards when
stopped on a hill or grade, or when the vehicle is 1 2
starting from a stop on a hill or grade.
3
7.1 To start from a full stop on a hill or grade,
quickly move your foot from the brake
pedal and press firmly on the throttle
pedal.
On steep hills, set the parking brake and
release it only when there is enough en- 01/21/2004 f270079c
gine power to prevent rollback. 1. Slide Switch (controls forward driving mode)
2. Selector Switch (controls gear selection)
7.2 To stop on a hill or grade, press and hold 3. Neutral Lock Button (prevents accidental shift into
the brake pedal to keep the vehicle from gear)
moving.
Fig. 8.7, Switches, UltraShift Transmissions
On steep hills, set the parking brake.
When parking, chock the tires, front and/or IMPORTANT: Whatever the mode, it is always
rear. Never hold a hill with the throttle possible to shift manually by moving the lever
pedal. This will cause the clutch to over-
up or down as needed. When the engine speed
heat.
is within 75 revolutions per minute (rpm) of the
Power Down load-based shift point for an automatic shift, the
UltraShift DM TCU will advance the shift.
1. Apply the service brakes.
In either mode, the gear indicator displays the cur-
2. Select neutral (N) by pressing in the neutral lock rent gear. See Fig. 8.8.
button and moving the selector switch to N.
When the "N" on the current gear indicator is
solid, rather than flashing, the UltraShift DM TCU
is ready to power down.
3. With the transmission in neutral, set the parking
brake.
4. Turn off the ignition key and shut down the en-
gine.
Automatic and Manual Modes

The SmartShift control has a slide switch located on
the body of the control lever just before the paddle
widens out. See Fig. 8.7. The slide switch controls
the forward driving mode, automatic or manual. 10/13/2003 f610680
To change mode at any time, move the slide switch NOTE: The gear indicator displays the current gear. In
in the desired direction. This allows the driver to re- this example, it displays first gear.
spond to a wide range of driving conditions, such as Fig. 8.8, Current Gear Display
blind corners, tight curves, and steep hills.
8.6
Transmissions
At the start of a shift, the current gear continues to use the shift lever as described for MAN mode.
display until the transmission has been pulled into There is no AUTO mode for reverse.
neutral. At this point, as the transmission is synchro-
When reverse low is selected, the letter "R" displays
nizing for the new (target) gear, the gear indicator
on the current gear indicator. When reverse high is
flashes the number of the new gear.
selected, the letter "H" displays on the current gear
When the shift is complete, the new gear displays indicator. See Fig. 8.9.
solid, without flashing.
Automatic Mode (AUTO)

In automatic drive mode (AUTO), upshifts and down-
shifts are made by the transmission without driver
intervention. Press in the neutral lock button, move
the selector switch to drive (D), and press down on
the throttle pedal. The transmission will shift auto-
matically.
If driving conditions require, it is still possible to re-
quest a manual shift. The transmission will make the
shift if the engine speed is within 75 rpm of the load-
based shift point for that gear.
If the driver presses down on the throttle pedal after 10/14/2003 f610681
a manual downshift in automatic mode, the transmis-
sion will upshift again if the UltraShift DM TCU re- Fig. 8.9, Reverse Gear Display
quires it.
IMPORTANT: Under normal conditions, do not
Manual Mode (MAN) select reverse with the vehicle moving forward.
In manual drive mode (MAN), upshifts and down- The vehicle must be moving at less than two miles
shifts are made by the driver: per hour (3 km/h) before selecting reverse. If reverse
is selected when the vehicle is moving faster, an au-
To shift up, pull the lever up (towards you).
dible warning will sound and continue sounding at
To shift down, push the lever down (away from three-second intervals until the control lever is re-
you). turned to the "D" position or the vehicle slows to the
proper speed.
The system will hold the current gear until the driver
requests a shift. In downhill situations in particular, If necessary to rock the vehicle, use the selector
the driver must be alert to vehicle speed by down- switch to shift back and forth at low speed between
shifting and/or using the service brakes as needed. reverse and drive.
A shift request will still be refused if the selected gear Neutral
would cause engine overspeed or excessive lugging.
IMPORTANT: Always start the engine with the
Selecting Gears transmission in neutral, the parking brake set,
Reverse and the service brakes applied.
Reverse (R) is at the upper end of the four-position Neutral (N) is directly below R on the four-position
selector switch located at the end of the SmartShift selector switch located at the end of the SmartShift
control lever. To select R, press in the neutral lock control lever. To select N, press in the neutral lock
button and move the selector switch upward to the button and move the selector switch to the position
position above neutral. below R. When neutral is selected, the letter "N" dis-
plays on the current gear indicator. See Fig. 8.10.
UltraShift DM has two reverse gears, reverse low
and reverse high. To manually shift between them,
8.7
Transmissions
currently selected forward gear (1 through 10) dis-

plays on the gear indicator. See Fig. 8.8.
When in drive, requests to upshift or downshift are
enabled. Either manual or automatic mode can be
selected on the slide switch.
Two starting gears are available, first and second.
The default starting gear is second, but first can be
selected by the driver, if desired. To change the start-
ing gear, press the brake pedal and select D with the
vehicle stopped. The current gear indicator will dis-
play the starting gear. Move the shift lever up or
down until the desired starting gear is displayed.
10/13/2003 f610679 The UltraShift DM TCU adapts to the working condi-
tions of each vehicle and its driver. After power up or
Fig. 8.10, Neutral Display a load change, it needs to learn the new conditions.
While learning, it may hold a gear too long before
upshifting. Start the upshift manually. It may take
WARNING three or four shifts before UltraShift succeeds in
learning the new load-based shift points, but after
Do not coast in neutral. Coasting in neutral can
that it will handle the shifting automatically.
cause an accident, possibly resulting in severe
personal injury or death.
Low
Neutral is always available during operation, what- Low (L) is at the lower end of the four-position selec-
ever the vehicle speed. When in neutral, requests to tor switch located at the end of the SmartShift control
upshift or downshift are ignored. If the selector switch lever. To select L, press in the neutral lock button
is moved from neutral to drive while the vehicle is and move the selector switch to the position below
moving, the transmission will shift into a gear within D.
the engines operating speed range.
When in low, the current gear is maintained. Re-
When shifting from neutral, always press on the quests to upshift are not enabled.
brake pedal. If the brake pedal is not pressed, the
transmission will not shift, the current gear display IMPORTANT: If the engine is approaching over-
will flash "N," and an audible alert will sound. speed, the UltraShift DM TCU will override the
NOTE: To reset the transmission, return the se- current gear setting and upshift to prevent en-
lector switch on the SmartShift lever to N and gine damage.
attempt the shift again, this time with the brake To enhance engine braking, downshifts are per-
pedal pressed. formed at higher rpm than normal.
Before shutting down the engine, return the selector If L is selected from neutral while stopped, the ve-
switch to N. When the ignition is turned off, the trans- hicle starts up in first gear and stays there until the
mission will reset to neutral in a few minutes regard- engine approaches overspeed.
less of the position of the shift lever.
Upshifting
Drive To request an upshift with the transmission in drive,
Drive (D) is directly below N on the four-position se- pull the control lever up (towards you). If the gear is
lector switch located at the end of the SmartShift available, the transmission upshifts and the new gear
control lever. To select D, press in the neutral lock displays on the gear indicator. No skip shifts are
button and move the selector switch to the position available while upshifting.
below N. When drive is selected, the number of the
No upshifts are available in low, except to prevent
engine overspeed.
8.8
Transmissions
If the transmission does not upshift quickly enough Ultrashift Diagnostics

after power-up or a load change, begin the shift
manually. The UltraShift DM TCU will learn the new Clutch Protection Fault
load-based shift conditions after three or four shifts. Excessive clutch slippage creates heat and reduces
If the gear requested is unavailable, a tone will the life of the clutch. These are some conditions
sound. An unavailable request to upshift is not stored which lead to clutch abuse:
in memory. The upshift must be requested again. Using the throttle to hold the vehicle on a
grade
Downshifting
Starting the vehicle in too high a gear
NOTE: The driver can manually downshift at
any time, even when the slide switch is set to Overloading the vehicle
AUTO mode. Using high idle with the vehicle in gear
To request a downshift with the transmission in drive The UltraShift DM TCU is programmed to prevent
or low, push the control lever down (away from you). clutch abuse. When the clutch overheats, the follow-
If the gear is available, the transmission downshifts ing alerts take place:
and the new gear displays on the gear indicator. Skip
shifts are available while downshifting. The "TRANS TEMP" light comes on
For best engine braking, select low while moving. In The current gear indicator displays "CA"
low, downshifts are performed at higher rpm than in A warning tone sounds at one second intervals
drive.
The alerts continue until the clutch cools, the throttle
IMPORTANT: If the engine is approaching over- is released, or the clutch is fully engaged.
speed, the UltraShift DM TCU will override the
current gear setting and upshift to prevent en- System Problem
gine damage.
In the event of a problem, do the following steps:
If the gear requested is unavailable, a tone will
1. Note the driving conditions at the time the prob-
sound. An unavailable request to downshift is not
stored in memory. The downshift must be requested lem occurred.
again. 2. Record the status of the transmission at the time
of the problem (AUTO or MAN mode, gear set-
When coasting to a stop, the UltraShift DM TCU may
ting R, N, D, or L, current gear, engine speed,
not finish the downshift until the driver presses down
etc.)
on the throttle pedal again.
3. Reset the system, using the procedure below.
IMPORTANT: A downshift request can never
result in a shift into neutral, even if the vehicle is Reset Procedure
in the drive position in the lowest possible gear.
Transmission operation can sometimes be restored
Before starting down a hill, slow down. Downshift to by doing the following reset procedure:
a speed that you can control without hard pressure
on the service brakes. 1. Stop the vehicle when it is safe to do so. Set the
parking brake.
Before entering a curve, slow down to a safe speed.
Downshift if necessary. This lets you use some 2. Place the selector switch in neutral and turn off
power through the curve to help the vehicle be more the ignition.
stable on the turn. It also allows you to regain speed 3. Check all harness connectors as described in
faster as you come out of the curve. Chapter 11.
4. Wait at least two minutes with the engine shut
down.
5. Restart the engine.
8.9
Transmissions
If the problem continues, contact an authorized Ster-

ling or Eaton service facility.
Locked In Gear
If the transmission becomes locked in gear, a dash
() will appear on the current gear indicator when the
vehicle is restarted during the reset procedure.
NOTE: If the transmission becomes locked in
gear while the vehicle is moving, increased
braking effort may be required to stop the ve- 03/09/98 f260558
hicle.
Fig. 8.11, Shift Pattern, FS-4205A/B, FS-205B, and FS-
If the current gear indicator displays a dash during 6305A/B
power-up with the selector switch in neutral, do the
following steps:
1. Make sure the parking brake is set.
2. Turn off the ignition and wait at least two min-
utes.
3. Apply the service brakes.
4. With the service brakes applied, release the
parking brake.
5. Make sure the selector switch is in neutral and 03/09/98 f260560
turn on the ignition key. Do not attempt to start
the engine at this time. Fig. 8.12, Shift Pattern, FS-5306A and FS-6306A
6. If necessary to get the transmission to shift into These transmissions are designed for use with on-
neutral, release the pressure on the brake pedal highway, fuel economy engines, where a minimum of
slightly. shifting is desired and less gear reduction is accept-
7. Once the UltraShift DM TCU reaches neutral, a able.
solid "N" will appear on the current gear indicator
and the vehicle will start. Make sure the service Operation
brakes are applied and the parking brake is set. 1. Always use 1st gear when starting to move the
If the current gear indicator continues to display a vehicle forward.
dash, contact an authorized Sterling or Eaton service 2. Accelerate to engine governed speed. Disengage
facility. the clutch and move the shift lever to 2nd gear.
Engage the clutch and accelerate to engine gov-
Fuller Straight-Shift Models erned speed.
General Information 3. Continue upshifting using the same sequence
described in step 2 above. Follow the pattern on
Fuller FS4205A/B, FS5205B, and FS6305A/B the shift lever.
transmissions have five forward speeds and one re-
verse speed. See Fig. 8.11 for the shift pattern. 4. When downshifting, shift progressively down
through each successive lower gear as follows:
Fuller FS5306A and FS6306A transmissions have
six forward speeds and one reverse speed. See When the engine speed drops to the same rpm
Fig. 8.12 for the shift pattern. to which it fell immediately after upshifting to that
same gear, disengage the clutch and move the
8.10
Transmissions
shift lever to the next lower gear; engage the

clutch smoothly.
Continue downshifting, as conditions require,
using the same sequence described above.
IMPORTANT: Do not rest your foot on the clutch
pedal while driving. This causes partial clutch
disengagement, which could cause premature
clutch wear.
NOTE: With synchronized models (FS4205A/B, 03/09/98 f260562
FS5205B and FS6305A/B) disengage the
clutch completely when shifting gears. Double- Fig. 8.13, Fuller 9-Speed RT and RTX-B Model
Transmissions Shift Pattern
clutching is unnecessary. If the vehicle is mov-
ing when shifting, depress the clutch pedal just
far enough to disengage the clutch. Depressing
it to the floor will engage the clutch brake, if so
equipped, causing premature clutch brake wear.
Fuller Range-Shift Models

General Information
9-Speed RT and RTX Models
03/09/98 f260567
Fuller RT6609A, RT8608L, RT8709B RT
11609A, RT11609B, RT11709H, RT12609A, RT Fig. 8.14, Fuller 9-Speed RTX-R Model Transmissions
12709H, RT13609A, RT13709H, RT14609A, RT Shift Patterns
14709A, RT14709H, RTX11609B, RTX11609R,
RTX11709H, RTX12609B, RTX12609R, RTX 13210B/C, FRO14210B/C, FRO15210B/C, FRO
12709H, RTX13609B, RTX13609R, RTX13709H, 16210B/C, RT11710B, RT12710B, RT13710B,
RTX14609B, RTX14609R, RTX14709H, RTX RT14710B, RTL11710B, RTL12710B, RTL
16709B and RTX16709H transmissions have a 13710B, RTL14710B, RTLO11610B, RTLO
5-speed front section, and a 2-speed rear range sec- 12610B, RTLO13610B, RTLO14610B, RTLO
tion. The low gear in the front sections of the A and 15610B, RTLO16610B, RTX11710B/C, RTX
B ratio transmissions is used only as a starting ratio. 12710B/C, RTX13710B/C, RTX14710B/C, RTX
The high gear in the front section of the "R" ratio 15710B/C and RTX16710B transmissions have ten
transmissions is used only as the top gear. The re- selective, evenly-spaced forward ratios. Each trans-
maining gear positions of the above transmissions mission consists of a 5-speed front section, and a
are used once in the low range and once in the high 2-speed rear range section. The ten forward speeds
range. are obtained by twice using a 5-speed shift pattern:
the first time in low range; the second time in high
See Figs. 8.13 and 8.14 for the shift patterns. The range. See Fig. 8.15 for the shift patterns.
RTX-R ratio transmissions have the 1st/5th shift posi-
tions where LO is in the A and B ratio transmissions. Operation
The top gear in the RTX-R ratio transmissions is
called 9th gear. 1. When operating off-highway, or under adverse
conditions, always use low gear (if so equipped)
10-Speed FR, FRO, RT, RTL, RTLO and when starting to move the vehicle.
RTX Models When operating on-highway, with no load, or
Fuller FR11210B, FR12210B, FR13210B, FR under ideal conditions, use 1st gear when start-
14210B, FRO11210B/C, FRO12210B/C, FRO ing to move the vehicle (except when equipped
8.11
Transmissions
Upshifting
1. Position the gear shift lever in neutral. Start the
engine, and bring the air system pressure up to
100 to 120 psi (689 to 827 kPa).
2. Position the range preselection lever down, into
low range.
3. Depress the clutch pedal to the floor; shift into
low or 1st gear (Table 8.1), then engage the
03/09/98 f260569 clutch, with the engine at or near idle speed, to
start the vehicle moving. Accelerate to 80 per-
Fig. 8.15, Fuller 10-Speed FR, FRO, RT, RTL, RTLO and cent of engine governed speed.
RTX Model Transmissions Shift Patterns
Fuller Shift Progressions
with a 9-speed RTO transmission, then always
TRANS. LOW RANGE HIGH
start in low gear).
MODEL Off-Highway On-Highway RANGE
For all conditions, use the highest gear that is 5 7
still low enough to start the vehicle moving with R 1 3 R 1 3 R
8-Speed
engine idling, and without slipping the clutch ex- Direct 6 8
cessively. (RT) 2 4 2 4
f260321 f260321 f260320
2. Use the clutch brake to stop gear rotation when 9-Speed
R R 5 7
shifting into low (or 1st) or reverse when the ve- Direct or 1 3 1 3 R
hicle is stationary. The clutch brake is actuated Overdrive 6 8
by depressing the clutch pedal all the way to the (RT or LOW
2 4 2 4
floor. RTX) f260322 f260323 f260324
For normal upshifts and downshifts, only a partial R R 6 8

2 4 2 4 R
9-Speed
disengagement of the clutch is necessary to Direct
break engine torque. 5 7
(RTX-P) 1 3 1 3 9
f260325 f260325 f260326
3. Do not make range shifts with the vehicle moving
in reverse gear. 10-Speed 7 9
R 2 4 R 2 4 R
Direct or
4. Never attempt to move the range preselection Overdrive 6 8 10
lever with the gear shift lever in neutral while the (RT or 1 3 5 1 3 5
vehicle is moving. Preselection with the range RTX) f260329 f260329 f260330
preselection lever must be made prior to moving Table 8.1, Fuller Shift Progressions
the shift lever out of gear into neutral.
5. Do not shift from high range to low range at high 4. Shift progressively upward from low or 1st gear,
vehicle speeds. to the top gear in low range (Table 8.1), double-
clutching between shifts, and accelerating to 80
6. Use double-clutching between all upshifts and percent of engine governed speed.
downshifts.
5. While in the top gear of the low-range shift pat-
7. After your shifting ability improves, you may want tern, and ready for the next upshift, flip the range
to skip some of the ratios. This may be done preselection lever up into high range. Double-
only when operating conditions permit, depend- clutch through neutral, and shift into the bottom
ing on the load, grade, and road speed. gear in high range (Table 8.1). As the shift lever
passes through neutral, the transmission will au-
tomatically shift from low range to high range.
6. With the transmission in high range, shift pro-
gressively upward through each of the high
8.12
Transmissions
range gears (Table 8.1), double-clutching be- All of the thirteen speeds are controlled with one shift
tween shifts. lever. Built into the shift knob of the lever, are a
range preselection lever and a splitter control button
Downshifting (on the side of the shift knob), that control range se-
lection and gear splits, respectively.
1. With the transmission in high range, shift pro-
gressively downward to the bottom gear in high Low gear in the front section is used only as a start-
range, double-clutching between shifts. ing ratio. The remaining four forward positions are
used once in the low range and once in the high
2. When in the bottom gear of the high-range shift range.
pattern, and ready for the next downshift, push
the range preselection lever down into low range. 18-Speed RTLO Models
Double-clutch through neutral, and shift into the
top gear of the low-range shift pattern. As the Fuller RTLO18718B transmissions have eighteen
shift lever passes through neutral, the transmis- forward speeds and four reverse, consisting of a
sion will automatically shift from high range to 5-speed front section and a 3-speed auxiliary sec-
low range. tion. The auxiliary section contains low and high
range ratios, plus an overdrive splitter gear. See
3. With the transmission in low range, downshift Fig. 8.17 for the shift pattern.
through the low range gears as conditions re-
quire.
Never use the clutch brake when downshifting,
or as a brake to slow the vehicle.
Fuller Splitter and Range-Shift

Models
General Information
13-Speed RTLO Models 03/09/98 f260599
Fuller RTLO14713A, and RTLO16713A transmis-
Fig. 8.17, Fuller 18-Speed RTLO Model Transmissions
sions have thirteen forward speeds and two reverse Shift Pattern
speeds. Each transmission consists of a 5-speed
front section, and a 3-speed auxiliary section. The One ratio in the front section (low) is used as a start-
auxiliary section contains low- and high-range ratios, ing ratio; it is never used when the transmission is in
plus, an overdrive splitter gear. See Fig. 8.16 for the high range.
shift pattern.
The other four ratios in the front section are used
once in low range and once again in high range;
however, each of the five ratios (low1234) in low
range and each of the four ratios (5678) in high
range can be split with the overdrive splitter gear.
All of the eighteen speeds are controlled with one
shift lever. Built into the shift knob of the lever, are a
range preselection lever and a splitter control button
(on the side of the shift knob), that control range se-
lection and gear splits, respectively.
03/09/98 f260582
Operation
Fig. 8.16, Fuller 13-Speed RTLO Transmissions Shift
Pattern
IMPORTANT: The shifter knob has an interlock
feature that prevents the splitter control button
8.13
Transmissions
from being moved forward when the range pre- preselection lever must be made prior to moving
selection lever is down (in low range); when in the shift lever out of gear into neutral.
high range and the splitter control button is in 11. After your shifting ability improves, you may want
the forward position, the range preselection to skip some of the ratios. This may be done
lever cannot be moved down. only when operating conditions permit, depend-
1. ing on the load, grade, and road speed.
When operating off-road, or under adverse condi-
tions, always use low gear when starting to move
the vehicle forward.
Upshifting
When operating on-highway, with no load, or 1. Position the gear shift lever in neutral. Start the
under ideal conditions, use 1st gear when start- engine, and bring the air system pressure up to
ing to move the vehicle forward. 100 to 120 psi (689 to 827 kPa).
For all conditions, use the highest gear that is 2. Position the range preselection lever down, into
still low enough to start the vehicle moving with low range.
the engine at or near idle speed, and without 3. Make sure the splitter control button is in the di-
slipping the clutch excessively. rect (rearward) position.
2. Use the clutch brake to stop gear rotation when 4. Depress the clutch to the floor, shift into low;
shifting into low (or 1st) or reverse when the ve- then engage the clutch, with the engine at or
hicle is stationary. The clutch brake is actuated near idle speed, to start the vehicle moving.
by depressing the clutch pedal all the way to the
floor. To shift from low direct to low overdrive, move
the splitter control button into the overdrive (for-
For normal upshifts and downshifts, only a partial ward) position, then immediately release the ac-
disengagement of the clutch is necessary to celerator. Press and release the clutch pedal.
break engine torque. After releasing the clutch, accelerate again.
3. Use double-clutching between all upshifts and 5. Shift upward from low overdrive to 1st direct by
downshifts that require movement of the shift first moving the splitter control button into the
lever. Splitting of the high range gears does not direct (rearward) position. Move the shift lever,
require movement of the shift lever. double-clutching, to the 1st gear position.
4. Never move the shift lever into low gear while in Continue upshifting through the shift pattern.
high range. Double-clutch during lever shifts (1st to 2nd to
5. Never move the splitter control button while in 3rd to 4th); single-clutch during split shifts (1st
neutral. direct to 1st overdrive, etc.).
6. Do not preselect with the splitter control button; 6. When in 4th overdrive (18-speed transmissions)
after moving the control button, complete the and ready to shift up to 5th gear, use the range
shift immediately. shift lever as follows:
7. Except when downshifting from 5th direct to 4th While in 4th overdrive, pull the range shift prese-
gear, never push the range preselection lever lection lever up, into high range. The transmis-
down into low range while operating in high sion will automatically shift from low to high
rangethe splitter will become inoperative. range as the shift lever passes through neutral.
Move the shift lever, double-clutching, to the 5th
8. Do not shift from high range to low range at high
gear position. Just before making final clutch en-
vehicle speeds.
gagement, move the splitter control button to the
9. Do not make range shifts with the vehicle moving direct (rearward) position; then engage the clutch
in reverse gear. and accelerate. Do not move the control button
while the shift lever is in neutral.
10. Never attempt to move the range preselection
lever with the gear shift lever in neutral while the 7. Shift up through the high range gears as follows:
vehicle is moving. Preselection with the range
8.14
Transmissions
To shift from 5th direct to 5th overdrive, move the

splitter control button into the overdrive (forward)
Fuller Deep-Reduction and
position, then immediately release the accelera- Range-Shift Models
tor. Press and release the clutch pedal. After re-
leasing the clutch, accelerate again. General Information
Continue upshifting through the shift pattern. 10-Speed RTO Models
Double-clutch during lever shifts (6th to 7th to
Fuller RTO8908LL, RTO11908LL, RTO14908LL,
8th); single-clutch during split shifts (6th direct to
and RTO16908LL transmissions have a 5-speed
6th overdrive, etc.).
front section, and a 2-speed rear-range section, with
a deep reduction gear. The low-low, deep reduction
Downshifting gear is used only when operating under adverse con-
1. Downshift from 8th overdrive to 8th direct without ditions. Low gear in the front section is used only for
moving the shift lever. Flip the splitter control but- rough, off-highway conditions, as a starting ratio. The
ton to the direct (rearward) position; then, imme- remaining four forward positions are used once in the
diately release the accelerator, and disengage low range and once in the high range. See Fig. 8.18
the clutch. Engage the clutch, and accelerate the for the shift pattern.
engine only after the transmission has shifted.
2. Start the downshift from 8th direct to 7th over-
drive by flipping the splitter control button to the
overdrive (forward) position; then, immediately
double-clutch through neutral, moving the shift
lever from 8th to 7th gear.
3. Shift downward through each of the high range
gears, alternating the procedures in steps 1 and 03/09/98 f260570
2, above, until reaching 5th direct.
Fig. 8.18, Fuller 10-Speed RTO Model Transmissions
4. While in 5th direct and ready for the downshift to Shift Patterns
4th overdrive, push the range preselection lever
down. Then, double-clutch through neutral and 11-Speed RTO Models
move the shift lever to the 4th gear position.
Move the splitter control button to the overdrive Fuller RTO11909LL and RTO14909LL transmis-
(forward) position before engaging the clutch. Do sions have a 5-speed front section, and a 2-speed
not move the control button while the shift lever rear-range section, with a deep reduction gear. The
is in neutral. LL1-LL2, deep reduction gear is used only when op-
erating under adverse conditions. Low gear in the
5. Continue downshifting from 4th to 1st as follows: front section is used only for rough, off-highway con-
Continue downshifting from 4th overdrive to 4th ditions, as a starting ratio. The remaining four for-
direct, then 4th direct to 3rd overdrive, 3rd over- ward positions are used once in the low range and
drive to 3rd direct, etc. Single clutch when split once in the high range. See Fig. 8.19 for the shift
shifting (direct to overdrive, overdrive to direct). pattern.
Double-clutch when making lever shifts (4th to
3rd, 3rd to 2nd, etc.).
15-Speed RT and RTO Models
Fuller RT14915, RTO14915 and RTO19615
transmissions have a 5-speed front section, and a
2-speed rear, range section. They also have five ad-
ditional deep reduction ratios. The 5-speed front sec-
tion, and the low- and high-range sections provide
ten evenly and progressively spaced forward speeds.
The five deep reduction ratios are also evenly and
progressively spaced; however, they do overlap the
8.15
Transmissions
2. Use the clutch brake to stop gear rotation when

shifting into low-low, low-1st (whichever is used
as a starting ratio) or reverse, when the vehicle
is stationary. The clutch brake is actuated by de-
pressing the clutch pedal all the way to the floor.
For normal upshifts and downshifts, only a partial
disengagement of the clutch is necessary to
break engine torque.
3. Use double-clutching between all upshifts and
03/09/98 f260579 downshifts.
Fig. 8.19, Fuller 11-Speed RTO Model Transmissions 4. Never move the shift lever into low gear while in
Shift Patterns high range.
low-range ratios, and should be used only when op- 5. Do not preselect with the deep reduction button.
erating under adverse conditions. See Fig. 8.20 for When making the shift from a deep reduction
the shift patterns, noting that the 4th/9th, and the 5th/ ratio to a low-range ratio, move the deep reduc-
10th shift positions in the RT (direct ratio) and RTX tion button from a forward position to a rearward
(overdrive ratio) transmissions are directly opposite in position, then complete the shift immediately.
the RTO (overdrive ratio) transmissions. 6. Never move the deep reduction button from a
rearward position to a forward position when the
transmission is in high range.
7. Do not shift from high range to low range at high
vehicle speeds.
8. Do not make range shifts with the vehicle moving
in reverse gear.
9. Never attempt to move the range preselection
lever with the gear shift lever in neutral while the
vehicle is moving. Preselection with the range
03/09/98 f260587 preselection lever must be made prior to moving
the shift lever out of gear into neutral.
Fig. 8.20, Fuller 15-Speed RT and RTO Model
Transmissions Shift Patterns 10. After your shifting ability improves, you may want
to skip some of the ratios. This may be done
Operation only when operating conditions permit, depend-
ing on the load, grade, and road speed.
IMPORTANT: The shifter knob has an interlock
feature that prevents the deep reduction button Upshifting
from being moved forward when the range pre-
selection lever is up (in high range); when in low There are several patterns of upshifting, depending
range and the deep reduction button is in the on the vehicle load and the road conditions. See
Table 8.2 for suggested shifting sequences. Deep
forward position, the range preselection lever
reduction gears are best suited for heavy loads and
cannot be moved up. steep inclines. Low gear (in 10-speed transmissions)
1. For all driving conditions, use the highest gear is best suited for off-highway use.
that is still low enough to start the vehicle moving
with the engine idling, and without slipping the
clutch excessively.
8.16
Transmissions
Fuller Shift Progressions

DEEP REDUCTION LOW RANGE HIGH RANGE
TRANSMISSION
Adverse Conditions Off-Highway and On-Highway and Ideal
MODEL All Conditions
Only Adverse Conditions Conditions
R R R R 5 8
1 4 1 4
10-Speed RTO
LOW 6 7
LOW
LOW 2 3 2 3
f260335 f260333 f260336 f260337
6
R 2 4 R 2 4 R 2 4 R 7
DR DR Lo Lo Lo Lo
15-Speed RT 6
1 3 5 1 3 5 1 3 5 8 10
DR DR DR Lo Lo Lo Lo Lo Lo
f260345 f260346 f260347 f260348
R 2 5 R 2 5 R 2 5 7 10
DR DR Lo Lo Lo Lo R
15-Speed RTO
1 3 4 1 3 4 1 3 4 6 8 9
DR DR DR Lo Lo Lo Lo Lo Lo
f260341 f260342 f260343 f260344
Table 8.2, Fuller Shift Progressions
The following instructions are recommended for start- When ready for the next upshift, move the deep
ing a loaded vehicle moving, under adverse condi- reduction button from the forward position to the
tions. rearward position, then double-clutch through
neutral, and move the shift lever to the 4th gear
1. Position the gear shift lever in neutral. Start the position in the low range.
engine, and bring the vehicle air system pressure
up to 100 to 120 psi (689 to 827 kPa). 6. Shift upward from low gear (10-speed transmis-
sions) or 4th gear (15-speed transmissions), to
2. Position the range preselection lever down, into
the top gear in low range (Table 8.2), double-
low range.
clutching between shifts, and accelerating to 80
3. Move the deep reduction button to the forward percent of engine governed speed.
position, to engage the deep reduction gears. 7. While in the top gear of the low-range shift pat-
4. Depress the clutch pedal to the floor; shift into tern, and ready for the next upshift, flip the range
low-low gear (10-speed transmissions) or 1st preselection lever up into high range. Double-
gear of deep reduction (15-speed transmissions); clutch through neutral, and shift into the bottom
then engage the clutch, with the engine at or gear in high range (Table 8.2). As the shift lever
near idle speed, to start the vehicle moving. Ac- passes through neutral, the transmission will au-
celerate to 80 percent of engine governed speed. tomatically shift from low range to high range.
5. For 10-speed transmissions: 8. With the transmission in high range, shift pro-
gressively upward through each of the high
When ready for the next upshift, move the deep range gears (Table 8.2), double-clutching be-
reduction button rearward, then break torque by tween shifts.
momentarily releasing the accelerator or de-
pressing the clutch pedal. Do not move the shift Alternate Upshifting Procedures (15-
lever.
Speed Transmissions Only)
For 15-speed transmissions:
The shift from deep reduction to low range can also
Shift upward from 1st gear of deep reduction to be made from 2nd, 3rd, or 4th gear of deep reduc-
5th gear of deep reduction, double-clutching be- tion, but must be made to the next gear lower in the
tween shifts and accelerating to 80 percent of low range. The shift from 2nd gear of deep reduction
engine governed speed. See Table 8.2.
8.17
Transmissions
to 1st gear in low range (or 3rd gear of deep reduc- R (Reverse)
tion to 2nd gear in low range, and 4th gear of deep
reduction to 3rd gear in low range), is an upshift, and Use this position to back the vehicle. Completely
the same procedure should be followed as that stop the vehicle before shifting from R (reverse) to
shown for shifting from 5th gear of deep reduction to any forward gear. The reverse warning signal will
4th gear in low range. See step 5, under "Upshifting." sound when the selector is in R (reverse). Reverse
has only one gear and provides the greatest gear
Downshifting reduction.
1. With the transmission in high range, shift pro- N (Neutral)

gressively downward to the bottom gear in high Place the selector in N (neutral) before starting the
range, double-clutching between shifts. engine. Shift to N (neutral) and set the parking brake
2. When in the bottom gear of the high-range shift any time the vehicle is parked with the engine run-
pattern, and ready for the next downshift, push ning. The engine should be at idle speed when any
the range preselection lever down into low range. shift from N (neutral) to a drive range is made.
Double-clutch through neutral, and shift into the
top gear of the low-range shift pattern. As the D (Drive-Normal Driving Position)
shift lever passes through neutral, the transmis- The transmission starts in first gear and automatically
sion will automatically shift from high range to shifts through second, third and fourth depending on
low range. load and speed demands. This range is used for
3. With the transmission in low range, downshift highway driving under normal conditions.
through the low range gears, as conditions re-
quire. 3 and 2 (Third and Second)
Road, load or traffic conditions require a lower gear.
Never use the clutch brake when downshifting,
These ranges provide greater engine braking than D
or as a brake to slow the vehicle.
(drive). When conditions are improved that no longer
require these lower gears, shift back to D (drive).
Allison Automatic Models
1 (First)
General Information
The transmission has to be manually shifted into 1
Allison AT-500 Series (first) and will not shift into a higher gear. This range
These transmissions provide four forward speeds is used for extra heavy loads or where maximum re-
and one reverse range. See Fig. 8.21. duction is required.
Allison MT-600 and HT-700 Series

These transmissions have either four or five forward
speeds and one reverse range.
R (Reverse)
Use this position to back the vehicle. Completely
stop the vehicle before shifting from R (reverse) to
any forward gear. The reverse warning signal will
sound when the selector is in R (reverse). Reverse
has only one gear and provides the greatest traction.
N (Neutral)
Place the selector in N (neutral) before starting the
engine. Shift to N (neutral) and set the parking brake
12/03/98 f260592
Fig. 8.21, Allison Shift Selector
8.18
Transmissions
any time the vehicle is parked with the engine run- the CHECK TRANS light (located on the instrument
ning. The engine should be at idle speed when any panel) is illuminated, the shifter control pad will be
shift from N (neutral) to a drive range is made. disabled and no tones will be heard.
D (Drive-Normal Driving Position) If your vehicle is equipped with a gearshift lever, this
selector is an electromechanical control and has up
If your vehicle is equipped with the MT643 or HT to six forward speeds and one reverse range.
740, your vehicle will start in 1st gear. If your vehicle
is equipped with the MT653 or HT750, your ve- The MODE button may be used to activate a second
hicle will start in 2nd gear. The MT643 and HT740 shift schedule (this is typically programmed for
transmissions startup in first gear and automatically Economy which will enable the transmission to shift
shift through second, third and fourth depending on at a lower rpm to conserve fuel).
load and speed demands. The MT653 and HT750 These transmissions incorporate a hold feature to
transmissions start in second gear and automatically prohibit upshifting above the gear selected during
shift through third, fourth and fifth depending on load normal driving. During downhill operation, the trans-
and speed demands. This range is used for highway mission may upshift from the selected gear if the
driving under normal conditions. Electronic Control Unit (ECU) detects the possibility
of engine damage from exceeding the governed en-
4 (Fourth) gine speed.
The transmission will start in second gear and auto-
matically shifts into third and fourth depending on WARNING
load and speed demands. This range is used for
suburban driving where moderate reduction is re- These transmissions have no P (park) position.
quired. Before leaving the drivers seat, always shift into
N (neutral) and set the parking brake. Shut the
2 (Second) engine off and remove your ignition key. Always
The transmission operates only in second gear. This use wheel chocks for hilly or off-road parking.
range is used for stop and go traffic or city delivery. Unexpected and possibly sudden vehicle move-
ment may occur if these precautions are not
1 (First) taken and personal injury or property damage
could occur.
The transmission has to be manually shifted into 1
(first) and will not shift into a higher gear. This range Use R (reverse) to back the vehicle. Completely stop
is used for extra heavy loads or where maximum re- the vehicle before shifting from R (reverse) to any
duction is required. forward gear. The reverse warning signal will sound
when the selector is in R (reverse). Reverse has only
Allison MD and HD Series one gear and provides the greatest traction. The Se-
lect and Monitor indicators will display R when re-
These transmissions are electronically controlled and verse is attained.
are available with a push button shifter or a lever
shifter. MD and HD transmissions are available in Use N (neutral) for starting the engine. If the engine
five or six speed driving ranges. starts in any gear other than N (neutral), the start
circuit should be serviced immediately. Shift to N
If your vehicle is equipped with a push button shifter, (neutral) and set the parking brake any time the ve-
your control has a R (reverse), N (neutral) and D hicle is parked with the engine running. The engine
(drive) selections as well as a MODE button, up should be at idle speed when any shift from N (neu-
arrow (for upshifts) and a down arrow (downshift) tral) to a drive range is made. The Select and Moni-
and a digital display. When a range button is tor indicators will display N.
pressed, a tone will sound, the SELECT indicator
displays a chosen operation (if the Electronic Control
Unit determines the shift is acceptable) and the
transmission will shift to the starting range. In D
(drive), selection of a specific gear can be accom-
plished by pressing the up or down arrow button. If
8.19
Transmissions
CAUTION
Do not allow the vehicle to coast in neutral. This
can result in severe transmission damage. Also,
no engine braking is available.
In D (drive) the vehicle will attain first gear, and as
the speed increases, the transmission will automati-
cally upshift through each gear. As the vehicle slows
down, the transmission will automatically downshift.
The Select indicator will display the highest gear
available.
5th through 2nd gearsRoad conditions, load or
traffic can make it desirable to restrict the automatic
shifting to a lower gear. These positions also provide
progressively greater engine braking for descending
grades (the lower the gear, the greater the braking
effect).
The push button selector uses up and down arrow
buttons to select the desired gear. The Select indica-
tor will display your choice and the Monitor will dis-
play the gear when it is attained.
1st gearUse for pulling through mud or deep
snow, when maneuvering in tight spaces or when
driving up or down steep grades. 1st gear provides
maximum driving power and engine braking.
In case of engine shutdown (running out of fuel),
while the transmission is in gear, the transmission
will remain in gear until the ignition key is turned to
the OFF position. If equipped with a shift pad control,
after the ignition is turned off, the transmission will
automatically shift to N (neutral) and the monitor on
the shift pad will display N (neutral) when the ignition
key is turned to the ON position. If equipped with a
gearshift lever, the transmission will return to N (neu-
tral) (when the ignition key is turned to OFF) but the
engine cannot be restarted until the gearshift lever
has been moved to the N (neutral) position.
8.20
9
Rear Axles
Meritor Drive Axles with Main Differential Lock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.1
Meritor Main Differential Lock Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.1
Meritor Tandem Drive Axles with Interaxle Differential . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.1
Meritor Interaxle Differential Lockout Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2
Rear Axles
Meritor Drive Axles with Main If the vehicle is moving, maintain a constant vehicle
speed while engaging the differential lock. Briefly let
Differential Lock up on the accelerator to relieve torque on the gear-
ing, allowing the differential to fully lock. The indica-
The Meritor main differential lock is a driver- tor light should come on and the buzzer should
controlled traction device operated from the vehicle sound on vehicles so equipped. When the differential
cab. A switch allows the driver to lock or unlock the is fully locked, the turning radius will increase be-
differential. An indicator light comes on when the dif- cause the vehicle understeers. See Fig. 9.1. Drive
ferential lock is engaged. An optional buzzer can also cautiously and do not exceed 25 mph (40 km/h).
be used to indicate differential lock engagement.
The main differential lock provides maximum traction A
under slippery conditions. When the differential lock
is engaged, the clutch collar completely locks the
differential case, gearing, and axle shafts together,
maximizing traction of both wheels and protecting
against spinout. Under normal traction conditions, do B
not engage the differential lock. Operate the axle
with differential action between both wheels.
WARNING
02/09/96 f350079a
Be especially careful when driving under slippery A. Turning Radius When Differential is Locked
conditions with the differential locked. Though (engaged)Understeer Condition
forward traction is improved, the vehicle can still B. Turning Radius When Differential is Unlocked
slip sideways, causing possible loss of vehicle (disengaged)
control, personal injury, and property damage.
Fig. 9.1, Turning Radius
Meritor Main Differential Lock To unlock the main differential, move the control
Operation switch to the unlock position. Briefly let up on the
accelerator to relieve torque on the gearing, allowing
To lock the main differential and obtain maximum the differential to fully unlock.
traction under slippery conditions, move the control NOTE: If the differential lock system is con-
switch to the lock position.
nected through the low speed range of the
transmission, shifting out of low speed range will
WARNING also unlock the differential.
Lock the main differential only when the vehicle When the differential lock disengages, the indicator
is standing still or moving less than 25 mph (40 light will go off and the buzzer will stop.
km/h). Never lock the main differential when the
vehicle is traveling down steep grades or when
the wheels are slipping. This could damage the
Meritor Tandem Drive Axles
differential or lead to loss of vehicle control, with Interaxle Differential
causing personal injury and property damage.
Meritor tandem drive axles with an interaxle differen-
NOTE: On some vehicles, the differential lock tial have a lockout feature. Differential lockout is con-
system is connected through the low speed trolled by a switch (Fig. 9.2) on the control panel.
range of the transmission. If this system is used, In the UNLOCK position, there is differential action
the transmission must be in the low speed between the two axles. The differential compensates
range for the differential to fully lock. for different wheel speeds and variations in tire size.
Keep the interaxle differential unlocked for normal
driving on roads where traction is good.
9.1
Rear Axles
03/09/98 f610162
Fig. 9.2, Interaxle Differential Control
In the LOCK position, the interaxle differential is

locked out and the driveshaft becomes a solid con-
nection between the two axles. Power entering the
forward axle is also transmitted straight through to
the rear axle, so both axles turn together at the same
speed. The LOCK position should be used when the
vehicle encounters poor traction conditions; however,
it also increases drivetrain and tire wear and should
be used only when improved traction is required.
Meritor Interaxle Differential

Lockout Operation
To lock the interaxle differential and achieve maxi-
mum pulling power when approaching slippery or
poor road conditions, move the lockout control valve
to LOCK while maintaining vehicle speed, before en-
countering the poor road conditions. Let up momen-
tarily on the accelerator to engage the differential
lock. Proceed over poor road conditions with caution.
Do not wait until traction is lost and the tires are
spinning before locking the interaxle differential.
CAUTION
Do not actuate the interaxle differential control
valve while the tires are slipping. Do not operate
the vehicle continuously with the interaxle differ-
ential locked during extended good road condi-
tions. To do so could result in damage to the axle
gearing and excessive tire wear.
To unlock the interaxle differential, move the lockout
control valve to UNLOCK while maintaining vehicle
speed, after leaving the poor road conditions. Let up
momentarily on the accelerator to allow the shift,
then resume driving at normal speed.
9.2
10
Fifth Wheels
Holland Fifth Wheels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.1
Fontaine Fifth Wheels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.6
Fifth Wheels
Holland Fifth Wheels

General Information
The 2535 sliding fifth wheel models incorporate a
Model 3500 fifth wheel (Fig. 10.1) equipped with ei-
ther an air-operated release slide, or a manual re- 1
lease slide. Sliding fifth wheel assemblies are
mounted on a baseplate which permits forward and
rear movement along notched rails. Plungers are
meshed into teeth on the baseplate to lock the slid-
ing mechanism. Disengagement of the sliding mem-
ber is accomplished when the plungers are with-
drawn (manually or air-operated), releasing the fifth 3
wheel assembly so that it can be positioned for opti- 2
mum weight distribution over the tractor axles. 05/19/93 f310369
NOTE: Baseplate rails not shown.
1. Kingpin Lock Control Handle
2. Double-Ended Air Cylinder
3. Slide Plunger Release
Fig. 10.2, Air-Operated Release Slide Assembly

1
2
1
3
01/19/95 f310046a 2
1. Kingpin Lock Mechanism
2. Kingpin Control Handle
3. Mounting Bracket
Fig. 10.1, Holland Fifth Wheel 3
4
The air-operated release slide assembly (Fig. 10.2)
contains a double-ended air cylinder which locks and 02/01/96 f310438
unlocks both sides of the sliding member at the
NOTE: Baseplate rails not shown.
same time. The air cylinder is activated by a two-
position air-control valve in the tractor cab. 1. Kingpin Lock Control Handle
2. Plunger Release Handle
The manual release slide assembly (Fig. 10.3) is 3. Plunger Release Spring
equipped with a single release lever. Pulling on the 4. Plunger
release lever unlocks both plungers.
Fig. 10.3, Manual Release Slide
Type "B" Kingpin Lock Mechanism locks to close in a 360 degree grip around the shoul-
(Fig. 10.4) der and neck of the kingpin, positioning sliding yokes
The Type "B" kingpin lock mechanism utilizes two between the lock halves and tapered rib members of
spring-loaded lock halves. The final forward motion the fifth wheel understructure. The kingpin can be
of the kingpin into the open lock halves forces the released only by manually operating the kingpin lock
10.1
Fifth Wheels
2 2
A B
1
1
3
3
5
4
07/11/2000 f310841
A. Closed Position, Locked B. Open Position, Unlocked

1. Release Handle and Spring 3. Lock Halves 5. Sliding Yoke
2. Adjustment Nut 4. Lock Pivot
Fig. 10.4, Type "B" Kingpin Lock Mechanism (bottom view)
control handle. The adjustment nut will compensate

for wear on the lock or kingpin. WARNING
Lockguard (Fig. 10.4) Keep the fifth wheel plate lubricated to prevent
binding between the tractor and trailer. A binding
The Holland lockguard is a device that prevents a fifth wheel could cause erratic steering and loss
false lockup, and is used on all models. The Lock- of vehicle control, possibly resulting in serious
guard is a spring-tensioned, smooth-surfaced tongue personal injury or death.
that the kingpin passes over and depresses when
entering the lock mechanism. The Lockguard will 2. The kingpin lock mechanism must be fully open,
prevent the locks from engaging before the kingpin and the fifth wheel plate must be completely lu-
fully enters the locks. If the kingpin enters the fifth bricated with chassis grease. For lubrication in-
wheel incorrectly and does not depress the tongue, structions, refer to the frame and fifth wheel sec-
the locks are unable to close. tion in the vehicle maintenance manual.
3. Position the tractor so that the fifth wheel lock
Fifth Wheel Locking Operation opening is in line (both vertically and horizontally)
Locking the Fifth Wheel Mechanism with the trailer kingpin. The kingpin should be in
a position to enter the throat of the locking
mechanism, to prevent a false lockup. See
CAUTION Fig. 10.5. Adjust the trailer landing gear to give
enough alignment height so that the fifth wheel
Before attempting to lock or unlock the fifth picks up the trailer on the fifth wheel ramps.
wheel lock mechanism of a sliding type fifth
wheel, the slide release plungers must be in the 4. With the fifth wheel lock opening aligned with the
locked position. This prevents the sliding mem- trailer kingpin, back the tractor slowly toward the
ber from moving rapidly to the far forward or trailer, making sure that the kingpin correctly en-
rearward position, which could damage the fifth ters the throat of the locking mechanism. When
wheel or kingpin. the trailer is picked up by the fifth wheel, stop the
tractor, then continue slow backward motion until
1. Chock the front and rear of the trailer tires to positive lockup occurs.
prevent the trailer from moving.
5. Apply the tractor parking brakes.
10.2
Fifth Wheels
3
2
2
3
1 B
4
4
A
11/07/94 D C f310106a
A. Locks open.
B. Locks closed.
C. Kingpin correctly entering the lock. Note how the depressed tongue allows lock halves to close completely around the
neck and shoulder of the kingpin.
D. Kingpin incorrectly entering the lock. Note how the steel tongue prevents lock halves from closing, preventing false
lockup.
1. Fifth Wheel Plate 3. Kingpin
2. Trailer 4. Lockguard
Fig. 10.5, Lockguard Mechanism (rear view)
sulting in air leaks, or exposed or broken wires,

WARNING potentially affecting trailer brake or electrical sys-
tems.
Adjust the locks correctly to a maximum clear-
ance of 1/8 inch (3 mm). Incorrect adjustment of 7. After lockup is completed, connect the tractor-to-
the lock could cause the trailer to disconnect, trailer air system lines and electrical cable to the
possibly resulting in serious personal injury or trailer. Take care to prevent dirt or foreign mate-
death. rial from entering the air lines.
6. Make a visual check for proper kingpin lockup. 8. Charge the air brake system with air. Make sure
Release the tractor parking brakes. Test for king- that the air connections do not leak.
pin lockup by pulling on the trailer against the 9. Retract the trailer landing gear and secure the
chocks. Check for correct maximum clearance ratchet handle.
between the lock halves. If more than 1/8-inch
(3.2-mm) clearance exists between the lock 10. Remove the chocks from the trailer tires.
halves, the lock must be adjusted. See Group 11. The load distribution on the front steering axle
31 of the L-Line and A-Line Workshop Manual and rear drive axle(s) will have a direct effect on
for adjustment procedures. the steering control of the vehicle.
Determine the front and rear axle weights by
NOTICE weighing the vehicle on scales designed for this
Always make sure the connect-hanger/support purpose.
keeps the trailer air hoses and electrical cables The maximum axle weight ratings are shown on
positioned so that they do not rub on anything. the Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard
Rubbing may wear through hoses or cables, re- (FMVSS) label or Canadian Motor Vehicle Safety
10.3
Fifth Wheels
Standard (CMVSS) label attached to the left rear 6. Release the kingpin locking mechanism by pull-
door post of the tractor. The desired load on the ing the kingpin lock control handle (Fig. 10.1) to
axle is no less than 80 percent of the maximum the outward position.
axle weight rating, but in no instances should the
7. Slowly drive the tractor away from the trailer.
axle load exceed the maximum axle weight rat-
ing given on the FMVSS or CMVSS label.
Fifth Wheel Slide Operation
WARNING 1. Connect the trailer kingpin to the tractor fifth
wheel. For instructions, refer to Holland "Fifth
Do not overload any tractor axle by improperly Wheel Locking Operation," in this chapter.
loading the trailer. This could cause erratic steer-
2. After positive lockup of the fifth wheel lock
ing and loss of vehicle control, possibly resulting
mechanism has been accomplished, release the
in serious personal injury or death.
sliding member using one of the following meth-
Unlocking the Fifth Wheel Lock ods:
Mechanism 2.1 For air-operated models, set the cab-
operated control switch (Fig. 10.6) to
1. Apply the tractor parking brakes. UNLOCK.
2. Pull the trailer air supply valve to cut off the air
supply to the trailer.
3. Chock the front and rear of the trailer tires to
prevent the trailer from moving.
WARNING
Do not use the trailer air supply for parking trail-
ers not equipped with spring parking brakes. 03/09/98 f610133
This applies the trailer service brakes only. As air
bleeds from the trailer brake system, brake appli- Fig. 10.6, Cab Control, Fifth Wheel Slide
cation is lost. This could allow the unattended
vehicle to roll away, possibly resulting in serious 2.2 For manual release models, pull the re-
personal injury or death. lease lever (Fig. 10.3) using a release
hook, or other suitable tool. Make sure
4. Lower the trailer landing gear until the weight is both slide plungers have released. See
removed from the fifth wheel. Fig. 10.7. If the plungers havent released
5. Disconnect the tractor-to-trailer air system lines (havent come out), lower the trailer land-
and electrical cable. Plug the air lines to prevent ing gear to relieve pressure on the
dirt or foreign material from entering the lines. plungers.
3. Lower the trailer landing gear just enough to re-
CAUTION move the weight from the tractor.
Before attempting to lock or unlock the fifth 4. Pull the trailer air supply valve to cut off the air
wheel lock mechanism of a sliding type fifth supply to the trailer.
wheel, the slide release plungers must be in the 5. Chock the front and rear of the trailer tires to
locked position. This prevents the sliding mem- prevent the trailer from moving.
ber from moving rapidly to the far forward or
rearward position, which could damage the fifth
wheel or kingpin.
WARNING
ers not equipped with spring parking brakes.
10.4
Fifth Wheels
8. Lock the sliding member into position using one

of the following methods:
WARNING
Check to be sure that the slide plungers are in
the locked position. Failure to achieve complete
A lockup may allow disengagement of the tractor
from the trailer, possibly resulting in serious per-
1 sonal injury or death.
8.1 For air-operated models, set the cab-
operated control switch to LOCK. Visually
check the slide plungers to make sure
they are engaged in the fully locked posi-
tion. See Fig. 10.7.
8.2 For manual release models, trip the re-
lease lever (Fig. 10.3) using a release
hook or other suitable tool. Make sure that
both plungers have locked (retracted into
B
1 their pockets), and are fully engaged in
the rack teeth. See Fig. 10.7. It may be
necessary to move the tractor slightly
01/24/96 f310439
while keeping the trailer brakes locked.
A. Locked (engaged) B. Unlocked (released)
9. The amount of load distribution on the front
1. Plunger
steering axle and rear drive axle(s) will have a
Fig. 10.7, Plunger Positions direct effect on the steering control of the vehicle.
This applies the trailer service brakes only. As air Determine the front and rear axle weights by
bleeds from the trailer brake system, brake appli- weighing the vehicle on scales designed for this
cation is lost. This could allow the unattended purpose.
vehicle to roll away, possibly resulting in serious The maximum axle weight ratings are shown on
personal injury or death. the Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard
(FMVSS) label or Canadian Motor Vehicle Safety
CAUTION Standard (CMVSS) label attached to the left rear
door post of the tractor. The desired load on the
After moving the fifth wheel to the desired posi- axle is no less than 80 percent of the maximum
tion, be sure the trailer landing gear will not, at axle weight rating, but in no instances should the
any time, come in contact with the tractor frame axle load exceed the maximum axle weight rat-
or other components. Make sure that the front of ing given on the FMVSS or CMVSS label.
the trailer will not come in contact with the rear
of the cab or with other components if they ex- WARNING
tend beyond the rear of the cab.
Do not overload any tractor axle by improperly
6. Slowly move the tractor forward or backward
loading the trailer. This could cause erratic steer-
until the fifth wheel is in the desired location.
ing and loss of vehicle control, possibly resulting
7. Apply the tractor parking brakes. in serious personal injury or death.
NOTE: The fifth wheel may have to be moved
slightly to enable the locking plungers to enter
the fully locked position.
10.5
Fifth Wheels
Fifth Wheel Lubrication 1
WARNING
Keep the fifth wheel plate lubricated to prevent
fifth wheel could cause erratic steering and loss
of vehicle control, possibly resulting in serious
personal injury or death.
For lubrication instructions, see Group 31 of the
L-Line and A-Line Maintenance Manual.
Fontaine Fifth Wheels

General Information
The Fontaine sliding fifth wheel mount is designed to 2
07/25/95 f310189
provide optimum axle loading for maximum tractor
use with different lengths and types of trailers. The 1. Locking Wedge 2. Air Cylinder
sliding fifth wheel mount is used with the Fontaine Fig. 10.8, Air-Operated Sliding Fifth Wheel Mount, AWB
5092 series fifth wheel, and the 6000/7000 No-Slack Model
II series, and is equipped with either an air-operated
release slide (AWB or HAWB models), or a manual 1
release slide (MWS and HMWS models).
On Fontaine fifth wheels kingpin release is accom-
plished by activating a manual lock control handle
located on either the right side or left side of the fifth
wheel. Kingpin lockup occurs when the kingpin is
forced into the jaws and the lock control handle
moves to the locked position.
The fifth wheel top plate is mounted on a slide as-
sembly, which is attached to slide rails that are
mounted on the vehicle frame. The slide rails permit
forward and rearward movement of the slide assem-
bly, allowing for optimum weight distribution over the
tractor axles.
Slots are evenly spaced along the slide rails, and
retractable tapered wedges are positioned through
2
the slots to hold the fifth wheel in the desired posi- 07/25/95 f310190
tion. See Fig. 10.8 or Fig. 10.9. 1. Locking Wedge
The slide portion of the sliding model may be at- 2. Slide Release Pull Handle
tached to either an air-operated release slide, or a Fig. 10.9, Manual Release Sliding Fifth Wheel Mount,
manual release slide. MWS Model
The air-operated release slide contains an air cylin-
der that locks and unlocks the fifth wheel slide. See which locks or unlocks the fifth wheel slide. See
Fig. 10.8. The air cylinder is activated by a two- Fig. 10.9.
position air-control valve in the tractor cab.
The manual release slide contains a slide release
pull handle, located on the left side of the fifth wheel,
10.6
Fifth Wheels
Fifth Wheel Lock Mechanism for Trailer During coupling (Fig. 10.10), the motion of the king-
Kingpin (Fig. 10.10) pin entering the jaw will actuate the jaw and wedge.
The jaw will move behind the kingpin, followed by the
The Fontaine fifth wheel lock mechanism for the wedge. The purpose of the wedge is to reinforce the
trailer kingpin consists of a spring-loaded jaw and a jaw and take up slack around the pin. Any wear on
sliding wedge. the jaw is immediately taken up by the wedge so
The jaw and wedge each have a pin permanently there is no slack in the connection.
attached. The pin on the jaw and the pin on the
wedge fit into elongated notches in the lock control Fifth Wheel Locking Operation
handle. The notches in the handle control the limit of Locking the Fifth Wheel Lock Mechanism
movement for both the jaw and wedge. The notches
are arranged so that the wedge is actuated first dur-
ing release of the kingpin. CAUTION
Before attempting to lock or unlock the fifth
2 A
wheel, the slide release pull handle, if so
1 equipped, and the slide locking wedges must be
in the locked position. This prevents the sliding
member from moving rapidly to the far forward or
wheel member or kingpin.
1. Chock the front and rear of the trailer tires to
3 prevent the trailer from moving.
B C
WARNING
Keep the fifth wheel plate lubricated to prevent
fifth wheel could cause erratic steering and loss
of vehicle control, possibly resulting in serious
01/04/95 f310184c personal injury or death.
A. Unlocked Position C. Locked
B. Locking 2. The kingpin lock mechanism must be fully open,
1. Wedge 3. Trailer Kingpin the fifth wheel plate must be completely lubri-
2. Jaw cated with chassis grease. For lubrication in-
structions, see Group 31 of the L-Line and
Fig. 10.10, Fontaine Kingpin Lock Mechanism A-Line Maintenance Manual.
During lockup, the jaw is moved first with the spring- 3. Position the tractor so that the fifth wheel lock
loaded wedge being allowed to slip in place against opening is in line (both vertically and horizontally)
the jaw. A timing bracket ensures that the wedge and with the trailer kingpin. The kingpin should be in
jaw are moved at the proper time. a position to enter the throat of the locking
mechanism (Fig. 10.10). Adjust the trailer landing
Placing the lock control handle in the unlocked posi- gear to give enough alignment height for positive
tion moves the wedge away from the jaw. This action kingpin lockup.
unlocks the jaw so that it can be moved by the trailer
kingpin. When the tractor is moved out from under 4. With the fifth wheel lock opening aligned with the
the trailer, the kingpin moves the jaw until the kingpin trailer kingpin, back the tractor slowly toward the
is out of the mechanism. With the jaw in the un- trailer, making sure that the kingpin enters the
locked position, the lock control handle will remain in throat of the locking mechanism. Continue back-
the unlocked position until manually moved by the ward motion until positive lockup occurs.
operator.
10.7
Fifth Wheels
5. Apply the tractor parking brakes. 8. After lockup is completed, connect the tractor-to-
trailer air system lines and the electrical cable to
6. Make a visual and physical check for positive the trailer. Take care to prevent dirt or foreign
kingpin lockup. When lockup has occurred, the material from entering the air system lines.
fifth wheel control handle will have moved to the
locked position. Make sure that the safety latch 9. Charge the air brake system with air. Make sure
is down over the lock control handle. See that the air connections do not leak.
Fig. 10.11. This will hold the control handle in
the locked position. WARNING
Eliminate slack between the trailer and the trac-
tor. Incorrect fifth wheel adjustment could cause
1 the trailer to disconnect, possibly resulting in se-
rious personal injury or death.
10. With the trailer wheels chocked and the brakes
set, check for clearance between the kingpin and
A the fifth wheel jaws by moving the tractor forward
and backward against the locked kingpin. There
2 should be no slack between the tractor and the
trailer. If slack is present, uncouple the trailer.
For adjustment instructions, refer to the appli-
cable manufacturers service information.
1
11. Retract the trailer landing gear, and secure the
ratchet handle. Remove the chocks from the
trailer tires.
B 12. The load distribution on the front steering axle

2 and rear drive axle(s) will have a direct effect on
02/09/95 f310110a the steering control of the vehicle.
NOTE: Make sure the safety latch is down when the Determine the front and rear axle weights by
control handle is locked. weighing the vehicle on scales designed for this
A. Unlocked B. Locked purpose.
1. Safety Latch 2. Lock Control Handle The maximum axle weight ratings are given on
Fig. 10.11, Fontaine Fifth Wheel, Locking and the Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard
Unlocking (FMVSS) label or Canadian Motor Vehicle Safety
Standard (CMVSS) label attached to the left rear
7. Release the tractor parking brakes. Test for king- door post of the tractor. The desired load on the
pin lockup by pulling on the trailer against the axle is no less than 80 percent of the maximum
chocks. axle weight rating, but in no instances should the
axle load exceed the maximum axle weight rat-
NOTICE ing given on the FMVSS or CMVSS label.
Always make sure the connect-hanger/support WARNING

keeps the trailer air hoses and electrical cables
positioned so that they do not rub on anything. Do not overload any tractor axle by improperly
Rubbing may wear through hoses or cables, re- loading the trailer. This could cause erratic steer-
sulting in air leaks, or exposed or broken wires, ing and loss of vehicle control, possibly resulting
potentially affecting trailer brake or electrical sys- in serious personal injury or death.
tems.
10.8
Fifth Wheels
Unlocking the Fifth Wheel Lock 2.1 For air-operated release models, set the
Mechanism cab-operated control switch (Fig. 10.12) to
SLIDE.
1. Apply the tractor parking brakes.
supply to the trailer.
WARNING
ers not equipped with spring parking brakes.
This applies the trailer service brakes only. As air
03/09/98 f610133
bleeds from the trailer brake system, brake appli-
cation is lost. This could allow the unattended Fig. 10.12, Cab Control, Fifth Wheel Slide
vehicle to roll away, possibly resulting in serious
personal injury or death. 2.2 For manual release models, lift the slide
3. Chock the front and rear of the trailer tires to release pull handle to disengage it from
prevent the trailer from moving. the guide plate. Then, pull out the handle
(Fig. 10.13) until it is in the unlocked posi-
4. Lower the trailer landing gear until the weight is tion and can be positioned against the
removed from the fifth wheel. guide plate to hold it out. The slide re-
5. Disconnect the tractor-to-trailer air system lines lease pull handle will stay in the unlocked
and electrical cable. Plug the air lines to prevent position until it is manually disengaged
dirt or foreign material from entering the lines. from the guide plate.
CAUTION
Before attempting to lock or unlock the fifth
wheel, the slide release pull handle, if so
equipped, and the slide locking wedges must be
in the locked position. This prevents the sliding
member from moving rapidly to the far forward or
wheel member or kingpin.
6. Release the kingpin locking mechanism by lifting
the safety latch and pulling the lock control
handle to the unlocked position. See Fig. 10.11.
7. Slowly drive the tractor away from the trailer. 05/19/94 f310050
Fifth Wheel Slide Operation Fig. 10.13, Fontaine Sliding Fifth Wheel Manual Release
1. Connect the trailer kingpin to the tractor fifth 3. Lower the trailer landing gear just enough to re-
wheel. For instructions, refer to Fontaine "Fifth move the weight from the tractor.
Wheel Locking Operation," in this chapter.
2. After positive lockup of the fifth wheel lock supply to the trailer.
mechanism has been accomplished, release the
slide using one of the following methods:
10.9
Fifth Wheels
gaged from the guide plate. The fifth

WARNING wheel may have to be moved slightly to
enable the locking wedges to fully enter
Do not use the trailer air supply for parking trail- the locked position. When the slide re-
ers not equipped with spring parking brakes. lease pull handle returns to the fully
This applies the trailer service brakes only. As air locked position, visually and physically
bleeds from the trailer brake system, brake appli- check the locking wedges to make sure
cation is lost. This could allow the unattended they are fully inserted into the slots in the
vehicle to roll away, possibly resulting in serious slide rails. Make sure the slide release pull
personal injury or death. handle is locked in position against the
5. Chock the front and rear of the trailer tires to guide plate.
prevent the trailer from moving. 9. The amount of load distribution on the front
steering axle and rear drive axle(s) will have a
CAUTION direct effect on the steering control of the vehicle.
Determine the front and rear axle weights by
After moving the fifth wheel to the desired posi- weighing the vehicle on scales designed for this
tion, be sure the trailer landing gear will not, at purpose.
any time, come in contact with the tractor frame
or other components. Make sure that the front of The maximum axle weight ratings are given on
the trailer will not come in contact with the rear the Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard
of the cab or with other components if they ex- (FMVSS) label or Canadian Motor Vehicle Safety
tend beyond the rear of the cab. Standard (CMVSS) label attached to the left rear
door post of the tractor. The desired load on the
6. Slowly move the tractor forward or backward axle is no less than 80 percent of the maximum
until the fifth wheel is in the desired location. axle weight rating, but in no instances should the
7. Apply the tractor parking brakes. axle load exceed the maximum axle weight rat-
ing given on the FMVSS or CMVSS label.
NOTE: The fifth wheel may have to be moved
slightly to enable the locking wedges to enter WARNING
the fully locked position.
8. Lock the sliding member in position using one of Adjust the fifth wheel slide correctly, and do not
the following methods: overload any tractor axle by incorrectly loading
the trailer. Incorrect slide adjustment or improper
axle loading could cause erratic steering and
WARNING loss of vehicle control, possibly resulting in seri-
ous personal injury or death.
Check to be sure that the locking wedges have
seated in the slots. Failure to achieve complete
lockup may allow disengagement of the tractor
Fifth Wheel Lubrication
from the trailer, possibly resulting in serious per-
sonal injury or death. WARNING
8.1 For air-operated release models, set the Keep the fifth wheel plate lubricated to prevent
cab-operated slide control switch to the binding between the tractor and trailer. A binding
lock position. Visually inspect the slide fifth wheel could cause erratic steering and loss
plungers to make sure that they are en- of vehicle control, possibly resulting in serious
gaged in the fully locked position. personal injury or death.
8.2 For manual release models, disengage For lubrication instructions, see Group 31 of the
the slide release pull handle from the L-Line and A-Line Maintenance Manual.
guide plate. The slide release pull handle
is spring-loaded in the locked position and
will seek the locked position when disen-
10.10
11
Pretrip and Post-Trip
Inspections and
Maintenance
Pretrip and Post-Trip Inspection Checklists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.1
Pretrip and Post-Trip Maintenance Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.3
Pretrip and Post-Trip Inspections and Maintenance
Pretrip and Post-Trip See Table 11.2 for a list of procedures that should
be performed weekly, post-trip.
Inspection Checklists See Table 11.3 for a list of procedures that should
Regulations in both Canada and the United States be performed monthly, post-trip.
clearly indicate that it is the drivers responsibility to
perform an inspection and ensure the complete road-
IMPORTANT: Before performing any checks,
worthiness of a vehicle before placing it into service apply the parking brake and chock the tires.
for the day. Commercial vehicles may be subject to
inspection by authorized inspectors, and an unsafe
vehicle can be put "out of service" until the driver or
owner repairs it.
IMPORTANT: The pre- and post-trip checklists,
and inspections and maintenance procedures
detailed in this chapter, are not all-inclusive.
Also refer to other component and body manu-
facturers instructions for specific inspection and
maintenance instructions.
Use the inspection checklists to ensure that vehicle
components are in good working condition before
each trip. A driver that is familiar with the vehicle,
and drives it regularly, can perform the daily inspec-
tions, then add the weekly and monthly post-trip in-
spections as scheduled. If the driver does not oper-
ate the vehicle on a consistent basis, all three of the
inspection procedures should be performed before
the trip.
NOTE: Procedure reference numbers in the
checklists reference the corresponding detailed
instructions found under the pretrip and post-trip
maintenance procedures.
Pre- and post-trip inspections cannot be done
quickly. However, careful inspections save time by
eliminating stops later to adjust items overlooked or
forgotten.
If any system or component does not pass this in-
spection, it must be corrected before operating the
vehicle. Whenever equipment requires adjustment,
replacement, repair, addition of lubricants, or a
change of lubricants, see the L-Line and A-Line
Workshop Manual for procedures and specifications,
and see the L-Line and A-Line Maintenance Manual
for lubricant recommendations, specifications, and
maintenance intervals.
See Table 11.1 for a list of procedures that should
be preformed daily, before the first trip.
11.1
Procedure Performed Procedure

Daily Pretrip Inspections/Checks
(check off) Reference
Drain manually drained air reservoirs (that are not equipped with automatic drain
_______ D1
valves)
Check _______ windshield washer reservoir fluid D2
Inspect _______ wheel seal and hub cap (for leakage)
Check _______ surge tank coolant level D3
Inspect _______ radiator and charge air cooler D4
Check _______ engine for fuel, oil, or coolant leaks
Inspect _______ engine and chassis wiring D5
Inspect _______ air intake system D6
Check _______ intake-air restriction indicator mounted on air intake D6
Check _______ engine oil level D7
Check _______ power steering fluid level
Inspect _______ fuel tank(s), fuel lines, and connections D8
Check _______ fuel level D9
Check _______ fuel/water separator D10
Inspect _______ front and rear suspension components D11
Inspect _______ headlights, mirrors, and window glass, and windshield wipers D12
Check _______ doors (open without difficulty and close securely)
_______ Adjust drivers seat, then align rearview and downview mirrors
Check _______ dash-mounted intake-air restriction indicator D6
Check _______ oil- and air-pressure warning systems D13
Check _______ ICU fault codes D14
Check _______ horn, windshield wipers, and windshield washer D15
Check _______ heater, defroster, and optional mirror heat controls D16
Check _______ backup alarm
Check _______ panel lights and interior lights D17
Check _______ exterior lights and reflectors D18
Check _______ tire pressure D19
Inspect _______ tire condition D20
Inspect _______ rims and wheels D21
Check _______ automatic transmission fluid level
Inspect _______ air brake chambers and pushrods D22
Inspect _______ air brake lines D23
Inspect _______ slack adjusters D24
Check _______ air brake system operation D25
Inspect _______ frame rails (missing bolts), crossmembers (bent or loose)
mud flaps (arent damaged, at least 10 inches above the ground, and brackets
Check _______
are secure)
exhaust system (mounted securely, connected tightly, no signs of leaks such as
Check _______
soot trails)
_______ Remove chocks and test service brakes D26
Inspector___________________________________________________ Date ________________

Table 11.1, Daily Pretrip Inspection and Maintenance Checklist
11.2

Weekly Post-Trip Inspections/Checks
_______ Manually drain air reservoirs that are equipped with automatic drain valves
Inspect _______ batteries and battery cables W1
Check _______ wheel bearing lubricant level W2
Inspect _______ steering components W3
Check _______ serpentine drive belt condition W4
Check _______ V-belt tension W5
Inspect _______ seat belts and tether belts W6
Inspector___________________________________________________ Date ________________

Table 11.2, Weekly Post-Trip Inspection and Maintenance Checklist

Monthly Post-Trip Inspections/Checks
_______ Clean the battery terminals M1
Inspect _______ radiator hoses and heater hoses M2
fluid level in the hydraulic clutch reservoir (if applicable, and if necessary, fill with
Check _______
DOT 4 brake fluid)
Check _______ steering wheel play M3
Check _______ outer surfaces of the hood and body (for visible surface breaks and damage)
Check _______ hood tilt damper (attached at both ends)
Inspect _______ brake lining wear M4
Inspect _______ driveshaft
Inspector___________________________________________________ Date ________________

Table 11.3, Monthly Post-Trip Inspection and Maintenance Checklist
Pretrip and Post-Trip 1.1 Open the wet tank valve. The drain cock
or pull chain drain is located on the for-
Maintenance Procedures ward end of the supply air reservoir, which
is connected directly to the air compres-
Daily Pretrip Inspection and sor. Block the valve open.
Maintenance
Whenever equipment requires adjustment, replace- WARNING
ment, and/or repair, see the L-Line and A-Line Work-
shop Manual for procedures and specifications. Spe- When draining the air reservoir, do not look into
cific references to the manual will be found where the air jets or direct them toward anyone. Dirt or
appropriate. sludge particles may be in the airstream and
could cause injury.
1. Drain manually drained air reservoirs.
1.2 Exhaust the remaining air and moisture
Water and oil normally enter the air reservoir in from the system by opening the drain
the form of vapor because of the heat generated cocks on the bottoms of the remaining air
during compression. After the water and oil con- reservoirs. Block the valves open.
dense, drain the resulting emulsion as follows:
11.3
1.3 Water and oil emulsion often form pockets

that will not drain while compressed air is CAUTION
in the reservoirs. Because of these pock-
ets, leave the valves blocked open during Coolant must be filled to the full line of the surge
the first part of the pretrip inspection. tank. Low coolant could result in engine over-
heating, which could cause engine damage.
1.4 If the drained water is cloudy or oily, it
may indicate a problem with the compres- 4. Inspect the radiator and charge air cooler.
sor. If oil is allowed to contaminate the air 4.1 Inspect the radiator and charge air cooler
dryer, it will not remove the water from the for clogged fins. Use compressed air or
air brake system, which could adversely water directed from the fan side of the
affect braking. core to backflush any material restricting
2. Check the fluid level in the windshield washer airflow.
reservoir. 4.2 Inspect the radiator and charge air cooler
Add washer fluid as needed. Unscrew the cap to for damage and accumulated debris.
add fluid. Straighten bent or damaged fins to permit
airflow across all areas of the cores.
WARNING NOTE: When traveling through areas of high
insect concentration, it may be necessary to
Washer fluids may be flammable and poisonous. clean the exterior of the radiator or the
Do not expose washer fluid to an open flame or charge air cooler core as often as every 200
any burning material, such as a cigarette. Always miles (320 km).
comply with the washer fluid manufacturers rec-
ommended safety precautions. 4.3 On vehicles equipped with air condition-
ing, also inspect and clean the condenser.
3. Check the coolant level in the surge tank. If clogged, the condenser can restrict air-
See Fig. 11.1. If the coolant is low, add a 50/50 flow through the radiator.
mixture of water and the type of antifreeze cur- 4.4 Check the radiator for leaks. If leaks are
rently installed in your vehicle. Fill the surge tank
found, have the radiator repaired or re-
with coolant to the MAX line when the tank is
placed. See Group 20 of the L-Line and
cool. If the surge tank was empty, start the en- A-Line Workshop Manual for instructions,
gine after refilling and check the level again or take the vehicle to an authorized Ster-
when the engine is at operating temperature. ling dealer.
5. Inspect the engine and chassis wiring.
Check for loose wiring, chafed insulation, and
1
damaged or loose hold-down clamps. Tighten
loose wires or hold-down clamps; replace dam-
aged wiring or clamps.
2 6. Inspect the air intake system for leaks or dam-
age.
CAUTION
11/14/95 f500270
Failure to maintain a sealed air intake system
could allow the entry of dirt and contaminants
1. Low Coolant Level Sensor into the engine. This could adversely affect en-
2. Fill Cap
gine performance and result in engine damage.
Fig. 11.1, Coolant Level Checking 6.1 Check the intake-air restriction indicator.
11.4
6.2 Replace the primary filter element in the

air cleaner if the yellow signal stays 1
locked at 25 inH2O (635 mmH20) for Cat-
erpillar, Detroit Diesel, or Cummins en-
gines, or 20 inH2O (508 mmH20) for
Mercedes-Benz engines. See Group 09 of
the L-Line and A-Line Workshop Manual
for filter element replacement instructions,
or take the vehicle to an authorized Ster-
ling dealer.
NOTE: After replacing the filter element,
reset the restriction indicator by pressing the
rubber reset button. 02/09/96 f180038
6.3 Inspect the secondary or safety filter ele- 1. Dipstick
ment in the air cleaner when replacing the
primary element, and replace it when Fig. 11.2, Oil Level Checking
clogged or dirty. This element should be
replaced with every third primary element CAUTION
replacement.
6.4 Check the engine air intake piping from Operating the engine with the oil level below the
the air cleaner to the engine intake. In- minimum fill (or "add") mark or above the maxi-
spect the piping for loose connections, mum fill (or "full") mark could result in engine
cracks, torn or collapsed hoses, punc- damage.
tures, and other damage. Tighten loose 8. Inspect the fuel tanks, fuel lines, and connections
connections, and have damaged compo- for leaks.
nents replaced. Make sure the piping sys-
tem is airtight so that all intake air passes 8.1 Check that the fuel tanks are secured to
through the air cleaner. their mounting brackets and that the
mounting brackets are secured to the
7. Check the oil level with the vehicle parked on a frame.
level surface, and turned off for at least 20 min-
utes, for most engines. 8.2 Replace leaking fuel tanks.
For the DD15 engine, the engine must be shut 8.3 If lines or connections are leaking, have
down for 60 minutes and on a level surface for them repaired or replaced.
an accurate oil level reading. Otherwise the en- For repair and/or replacement procedures,
gine must be brought up to an operating tem- see Group 47 of the L-Line and A-Line
perature of 176F (80C), shut down, and al- Workshop Manual, or take the vehicle in
lowed to sit for 5 minutes on a level surface. to an authorized Sterling dealer.
Failure to allow the oil to drain back properly as
just described, can result in a low oil level read- 8.4 If equipped with fuel tank shutoff valves,
ing. be sure the valves are fully open.
If the oil level is at or below the minimum fill (or
"add") mark on the dipstick, add enough oil to WARNING
maintain the level between the minimum fill (or
"add") and the maximum fill (or "full") marks on Never operate the engine with the fuel tank shut-
the dipstick. See Fig. 11.2. Engine lube oil must off valves partly closed. This could damage the
have a sulfated ash level less than 1.0 wt %; fuel pump, causing sudden loss of engine power,
currently referred to as CJ-4 oil. Use the proper possibly resulting in serious personal injury due
SAE viscosity rating for the temperature and time to reduced vehicle control.
of year. 9. Check the fuel level in the fuel tank(s).
11.5
To keep condensation to a minimum, fuel tanks For a ConMet Model (Fig. 11.4): Check the
should be filled at the end of each day. Federal water level in the sight bowl (if equipped). To
regulations prohibit filling a fuel tank to more drain the water, loosen the valve at the bottom
than 95 percent of its liquid capacity. and allow the water to run out. Close and tighten
the valve finger-tight.
WARNING
Never fill fuel tanks to more than 95 percent of
their liquid capacity. This could make them more
likely to rupture from impact, possibly causing
fire and resulting in serious personal injury or
death by burning.
Do not mix gasoline or alcohol with diesel fuel.
This mixture could cause an explosion, possibly
resulting in serious personal injury or death. Do
not fill the fuel tanks in the presence of sparks,
open flames, or intense heat. These could ignite
the fuel, possibly causing severe burns.
11/30/95 f470166
IMPORTANT: Use ultralow-sulfur diesel
(ULSD) with 15 ppm sulfur content or less, Fig. 11.3, Racor Fuel/Water Separator
based on ASTM D2622 test procedure. Fail-
ure to use ultralow-sulfur diesel fuels may
void the warranty on emission components.
9.1 Fuel should always be strained or filtered
before being put into the tanks. This will
lengthen the life of the engine fuel filter
and reduce the chances of dirt getting into
the engine.
9.2 Before installing the fuel cap, clean the
area with a rag, or if necessary, clean the
cap with solvent.
9.3 If needed, prime the fuel system. For
priming procedures, see the applicable
engine manufacturers manual.
10. Drain the water from the fuel/water separator.
If the engine is equipped with a built-in water 11/30/95 f470167
separator, place a suitable container under the
drain hose, loosen the drain valve, and allow the Fig. 11.4, ConMet Fuel/Water Separator
water to run out. Close the drain valve, taking
care not to overtighten it. IMPORTANT: When draining fluid from a fuel/
For a Racor Model (Fig. 11.3): Check the water water separator, drain the fluid into an appropri-
level in the sight bowl. To drain the water, loosen ate container and dispose of it properly. Many
the valve at the bottom of the bowl two full turns states now issue fines for draining fuel/water
and allow the water to run out. Close and tighten separators onto the ground. On all types of
the valve finger-tight. Check the filter element separators, stop draining fluid when you see
and replace if clogged. fuel come out of the separator drain valve.
11.6
11. Inspect the front and rear suspension compo- The air pressure in both the primary and
nents, including springs, spring hangers, shocks, secondary air reservoir systems must be
and suspension brackets. above 65 psi (448 kPa) on most vehicles.
For vehicles with an optional Bendix dryer
11.1 Check for broken spring leaves, loose reservoir module (DRM), the cut-out pres-
U-bolts, cracks in the suspension sure is 130 psi (896 kPa).
brackets, and loose fasteners in the spring
hangers and shackles. 14. Check the instrumentation control unit (ICU) for
fault codes.
11.2 Inspect the shock absorbers for loose fas-
teners and leaks. During the ignition sequence, if an active fault is
detected in any device that is connected to the
11.3 Tighten all loose fasteners and have any ECU, the message display screen will show the
component(s) replaced that are worn, active fault codes, one after the other, until the
cracked, or otherwise damaged. parking brake is released or the ignition switch is
11.4 On vehicles with air suspensions, check turned off. See Chapter 2 for detailed operating
for leaks. Check air suspension compo- instructions for the ICU.
nents for cuts and bulges. 15. Make sure that the horn, windshield wipers, and
12. Clean the windshield, side, and rear windows, windshield washers are operating properly.
then check the condition of the windshield wiper These devices must be in good working order for
arms and blades. safe vehicle operation.
12.1 Replace the wiper arms if the wiper 15.1 Make sure that the horn works. If a horn is
blades are not tensioned against the wind- not working, have it repaired before trip
shield. departure.
12.2 Replace damaged or deteriorated wiper 15.2 Check the wiper and washer control on
blades. the multifunction turn signal switch. If the
wipers and/or washers are not working,
have them repaired before trip departure.
WARNING
16. During cold weather, make sure the heater, de-
When cleaning windshields and windows, always froster, and optional mirror heat controls are op-
stand on the ground or on a secure ladder or erating properly. If so equipped, turn on the mir-
platform. Use a long-handled window cleaner. Do ror heat switch and make sure the system is
not use the cab steps, tires, fenders, fuel tanks, working.
engine, or under-hood components to access the
17. Check the operation of all the panel lights and
windshield or windows. Doing so could cause a
fall and result in an injury. interior lights.
13. Check the oil- and air-pressure warning systems.

Turn on the headlights, dash lights, and four-way
flashers and leave them on. If any of the gauge
13.1 Check if the warning systems come on bulbs, the dome light bulbs, or the right- and left-
when the ignition is turned on, and if not, turn indicator bulbs are not working, replace
have the systems repaired. them.
13.2 Start the engine, then check that the oil- 18. Make sure all the exterior lights are working
and air-pressure warning systems are op- properly.
erating. The buzzer should stop sounding Check that all the lights and reflectors are clean.
when the preset minimum is reached. If See Fig. 11.5.
the air pressure in both systems is above
the preset minimum when the engine is 18.1 Check that the brake lights, taillights,
started, test the low air pressure warning headlights, parking lights, turn signals,
system by lowering the pressure to below marker lights, identification lights, road
this range, or until the warning system lights (if so equipped), and front clearance
comes on. lights are working properly and are clean.
11.7
and lines must be kept dry. Use well-

maintained inline moisture traps and ser-
4 vice them regularly.
WARNING
Do not operate the vehicle with underinflated or
overinflated tires. Incorrect inflation can stress
the tires and make the tires and rims more sus-
ceptible to damage, possibly leading to rim or
tire failure and loss of vehicle control, resulting
in serious personal injury or death.
3
2 1 IMPORTANT: The load and cold inflation pres-
09/15/98 f880437 sure must not exceed the rim or wheel manu-
1. Headlight facturers recommendations, even though the
2. Turn Signal Light tire may be approved for a higher load inflation.
3. Side-Marker Light
4. Identification/Clearance Lights
Some rims and wheels are stamped with a
maximum load and maximum cold inflation rat-
Fig. 11.5, Exterior Lights ing. If they are not stamped, consult the rim or
wheel manufacturer for the correct tire inflation
18.2 Test the high and low beams of the head- pressure for the vehicle load. If the load ex-
lights.
ceeds the maximum rim or wheel capacity, the
18.3 Replace light bulbs or sealed beam units load must be adjusted or reduced.
that are not working.
20. Inspect each tire for wear, bulges, cracks, cuts,
18.4 Be sure all reflectors and lenses are in penetrations, and oil contamination.
good condition and are clean. Replace
any broken reflectors or lenses. 20.1 Check the tire tread depth. If tread is less
than 4/32 inch (3 mm) on any front tire, or
19. Check tire inflation pressures using an accurate less than 2/32 inch (1.5 mm) on any rear
tire pressure gauge. tire, replace the tire.
Tires should be checked when cool. For inflation 20.2 Inspect each tire for bulges, cracks, cuts,
pressures and maximum loads (per tire) see the and penetrations.
tire manufacturers guidelines.
20.3 Inspect each tire for oil contamination.
19.1 Be sure valve stem caps are on every tire Fuel oil, gasoline, and other petroleum
and that they are screwed on finger-tight. derivatives, if allowed to contact the tires,
19.2 Inflate the tires to the applicable pressures will soften the rubber and destroy the tire.
if needed. A weekly pressure loss of 4 psi 21. Check the wheel nuts or rim nuts for indications
(28 kPa) or more in a tire may indicate of looseness. Examine each rim and wheel com-
damage. The tire should be inspected ponent.
and, if necessary, repaired or replaced.
21.1 Remove all dirt and foreign material from
19.3 If a tire has been run flat or underinflated, the assembly. Dirt or rust streaks from the
check the wheel for proper lockring and stud holes, metal buildup around stud
side-ring seating, and possible wheel, rim, holes, or out-of-round or worn stud holes
or tire damage before adding air. may be caused by loose wheel nuts. See
Moisture inside a tire can result in body Fig. 11.6 and Fig. 11.7.
ply separation or a sidewall rupture. Dur-
ing tire inflation, compressed air reservoirs
11.8
CAUTION
Insufficient wheel nut torque can cause wheel
shimmy, resulting in wheel damage, stud break-
age, and extreme tire tread wear. Excessive
wheel nut torque can break studs, damage
threads, and crack discs in the stud hole area.
Use the recommended torque values and follow
the proper tightening sequence.
NOTE: Vehicles operating under severe or ad-
verse conditions should be checked more fre-
quently.
02/09/95 f400058 22. Inspect the air brake chamber and the air brake
chamber pushrods.
Fig. 11.6, Dirt and Rust Streaks from the Stud Holes
21.2 Examine the rim and wheel assembly WARNING

components (including rims, rings, flanges,
studs, and nuts) for cracks, or other dam- Do not operate the vehicle with the front brakes
age. backed off or disconnected. Backing off or dis-
connecting the front brakes will not improve ve-
See Group 33 or Group 35 of the L-Line hicle handling and may lead to loss of vehicle
and A-Line Workshop Manual for service control resulting in property damage or personal
procedures on the studs and hubs, and injury.
see Group 40 in the same manual for
wheel and tire servicing, or take the ve- 22.1 Check that the air brake chamber is
hicle to an authorized Sterling dealer. mounted securely on its mounting bracket,
and that there are no loose or missing
bolts.
WARNING
22.2 Look for worn clevis pins on brake cham-
Have any worn or damaged wheel components ber pushrods, and missing or damaged
replaced by a qualified person using the wheel cotter pins on brake chamber pushrod cle-
manufacturers instructions and the wheel indus- vis pins. Replace worn clevis pins and in-
trys standard safety precautions and equipment. stall new cotter pins if necessary.
Otherwise a vehicle or workshop accident could
22.3 See if the chamber piston rod is in line
occur, possibly resulting in serious personal in-
jury or death. with the slack adjuster. Misalignment can
cause the piston rod to rub on the non-
21.3 Have broken, cracked, badly worn, bent, pressure chamber and cause a dragging
rusty, or sprung rings and rims replaced. brake. See Group 42 of the L-Line and
Be sure that the rim base, lockring, and A-Line Workshop Manual.
side ring are matched according to size
and type. CAUTION
21.4 Make sure all wheel nuts are tightened
450 to 500 lbfft (610 to 678 Nm) for Ac- If the external breather tube or breather cap is
curide wheels with unlubricated threads. missing or incorrectly installed, road dirt and de-
Use the tightening pattern in Fig. 11.8 for bris can adversely affect the operation of the
10-hole wheels and the tightening pattern brake chamber. Once inside of the chamber, dirt
in Fig. 11.9 for 8-hole wheels. See Group and debris can cause the internal parts of the
40 of the L-Line and A-Line Workshop chamber to deteriorate faster.
Manual for more information.
11.9
02/09/95 f400001
Fig. 11.7, Worn Stud Holes
22.4 Inspect the exterior surfaces of the cham-

1 ber for damage. Make sure that breather
10 8 holes in the non-pressure section(s) are
open and free of debris. See Group 42 of
the L-Line and A-Line Workshop Manual
3 6 to replace any damaged parts.
DANGER
5 4
Do not loosen or remove the parking brake clamp
ring for any purpose. The parking/emergency
7 9 brake section of the brake chamber is not in-
2 tended to be serviced. Serious injury or death
08/23/93 f400081a may result from sudden release of the power
spring.
Fig. 11.8, Tightening Pattern, 10-Hole Wheels
22.5 On all parking brake installations, make
sure the end cover cap or dust plug is se-
A
1 2 curely snapped into place. See Fig. 11.10.
NOTE: On most MGM parking brake cham-
7 4 bers equipped with an integral release bolt,
an end cover cap is installed over the re-
lease bolt.
22.6 Check for rusted connections, missing
snap rings, and damaged camshaft
5 6 grease seals. Have damaged or missing
parts repaired or replaced.
23. Inspect the air brake lines.
3 8 23.1 Check the clearance between the hoses
08/20/93 f400052a
and the exhaust manifold or other hot
Fig. 11.9, Tightening Pattern, 8-Hole Wheels spots. Excessive heat will cause material
11.10
23.6 Inspect the air tubing, especially tubing

made of nylon. In cold weather, nylon tub-
1 ing is sensitive to damage, such as nicks
or cuts. Have nicked or cut tubing re-
placed, even if it is not leaking.
A
23.7 Check for kinked or twisted hoses. A
seven-percent twist in the hose can re-
duce its life by up to 90 percent. A twisted
hose under pressure tends to untwist,
which may loosen the fitting. Reconnect
hoses that are twisted.
NOTE: The front brake lines flex continu-
ously in vehicle operation, so they require
special examination. Give particular attention
to the areas near where they connect to the
front air brake chambers. This inspection
requires two people, one in the driver seat
02/22/2000 f421352 and another to inspect the brake line con-
A. Do not remove this clamp ring. nections at the wheels.
1. MGM TRT (TR Series) Brake Chamber shown 23.8 Both wheel air lines must be inspected
Fig. 11.10, Parking Brake Chamber Clamp with the emergency brake set, engine
idling, air pressure at 80 to 90 psi (550 to
in the hoses to deteriorate rapidly or be- 620 kPa), and the brake pedal held down.
come brittle. Provide at least 6 inches
23.9 Turn the wheels to full lock in one direc-
(150 mm) of clearance. More clearance is
recommended if the hose is located above tion and inspect both air lines where they
the heat source. connect to the air chambers, then turn the
wheels to full lock in the other direction
23.2 Check for kinks, dents, or swelling of the and inspect both lines. If a hose is leak-
hoses. If damaged, have the hose re- ing, have it replaced.
placed with the same size and type.
IMPORTANT: ABS-equipped vehicles operat-
NOTE: Do not route the hose on top of any- ing in regions where especially corrosive ice
thing likely to be stepped on. removal chemicals are used may experience
23.3 Check for damage to hoses located near higher than normal rotor corrosion. Tone
moving parts, such as drivelines, kingpins, rings should be routinely inspected for corro-
suspensions, and axles. If moving parts sion. Severe corrosion of the integral ABS
are catching or pinching the lines, correct tone ring may cause the ABS warning lamp
as needed. in the dash to illuminate due to false wheel
23.4 Check for hose damage caused by abra-
speed readings. If the ABS warning lamp
sion. If abraded, have the hose replaced. illuminates at any time other than at vehicle
Check for the cause of abrasion, such as start-up, have the problem repaired immedi-
loose or damaged hose clamps. Have the ately.
clamps repaired or replaced as needed. 24. Inspect the slack adjusters.
23.5 Observe the hose cover condition, espe- 24.1 Meritor Slack Adjusters: Check the boot
cially hoses exposed to water splash and for cuts, tears, or other damage. Have it
ice. If dried out or ragged (the wire or liner replaced if necessary.
is showing through the cover), have the
hose(s) replaced.
11.11
24.2 Gunite Slack Adjusters: Inspect the slack

adjuster for any signs of damage. If dam-
aged, have the slack adjuster replaced. 1
Inspect the slack adjuster boot for cuts or 2
tears. If the boot is damaged, have it re-
placed. See Fig. 11.11. 3
4
5
4 8 9
6
7 7
3 8 6
2 9
5
10/11/2005 A f421397
1
A. Rotate the control arm toward the brake chamber
10 until you can feel it contacting the internal stop.
1. Clevis 6. Control-Arm Washers
2. Slack Adjuster and Nut
3. Clevis Pin 7. Anchor Strap Slot
06/17/2003 f421398
4. Manual Adjusting Nut 8. Anchor Strap
1. 7/16-inch Adjusting 6. Clevis 5. Control Arm 9. Brake Chamber
Nut 7. 1/2-inch Clevis Pin
2. Grease Fitting 8. 1/4-inch Clevis Pin Fig. 11.12, Haldex Automatic Slack Adjuster
3. Boot 9. Grease Relief
4. Link Opening air governor cannot be adjusted or re-
5. Brake Chamber Piston 10. Slack Adjuster Spline paired, replace it before operating the ve-
Rod hicle.
Fig. 11.11, Gunite Automatic Slack Adjuster 25.2 Check the air pressure buildup time as
follows.
24.3 Haldex Slack Adjusters: Inspect each
slack adjuster and anchor strap for dam- With the air system fully charged to 120
age. See Fig. 11.12. Have any damaged psi (827 kPa), make one full brake appli-
components replaced. cation and note the air pressure reading
on the gauge. Continue to reduce the air
25. Check the air brake system for proper operation. pressure by moderate brake applications
25.1 Check the air governor cut-in and cut-out to a maximum of 90 psi (620 kPa), then
pressures as follows. run the engine at governed rpm. If the
time required to raise the air pressure to
Run the engine at fast idle. The air gover- 120 psi (827 kPa) (from the pressure
nor should cut out the air compressor at noted after one brake application) is more
approximately 120 psi (827 kPa). With the than 30 seconds, eliminate any leaks or
engine idling, apply the brake pedal sev- replace the air compressor before operat-
eral times. The air governor should cut in ing the vehicle.
the air compressor at approximately 100
psi (689 kPa). If the air governor does not 25.3 Check the air pressure reserve as follows.
cut in and out as described above, it must With the air system fully charged to 120
be adjusted to these specifications. If the psi (827 kPa), stop the engine and note
the air pressure. Then make one full brake
11.12
application and observe the pressure Weekly Post-Trip Inspection and

drop. If it drops more than 25 psi (172
kPa), all areas of leakage must be elimi- Maintenance
nated before operating the vehicle.
25.4 Check the air leakage in the system as
WARNING
follows.
Battery posts, terminals, and related accessories
With the parking brake (spring brake) ap- contain lead and lead compounds, chemicals
plied, the transmission out of gear, and known to the State of California to cause cancer
the tires chocked, charge the air system and reproductive harm. To prevent possible per-
until cut-out pressure of 120 psi (827 kPa) sonal injury, always wash your hands after han-
is reached. dling battery parts and related accessories.
With the service brakes released, shut 1. Inspect the batteries and battery cables.
down the engine, wait 1 minute and note
the air pressure gauge reading. Observe 1.1 Access the batteries. Be sure the battery
the air pressure drop in psi (kPa) per hold-down is secure. If it is loose, tighten
minute. the hold-down bolts; if it is broken, replace
it.
Charge the air system until cut-out pres-
sure of 120 psi (827 kPa) is reached. With 1.2 If the battery is equipped with a built-in
the parking brakes released and the ser- hydrometer, examine the hydrometer. If a
vice brake applied, shut down the engine, green dot shows in the sight glass, the
wait 1 minute and note the air pressure battery is sufficiently charged.
gauge reading. Observe the air pressure If the sight glass is dark, the charge is low
drop in psi (kPa) per minute. and the battery must be recharged.
If leakage exceeds the limits shown in If the sight glass is clear, the battery has a
Table 11.4, repair all areas of leakage below level of electrolyte and must be re-
fore driving the vehicle. placed.
Maximum Allowable Service Brake Air Leakage 2. Check the level of the wheel bearing lubricant in
Air Leakage in psi
the hub cap at each end of the front axle.
Description (kPa) Per Minute If needed, fill the hubs to the level indicated on
Released Applied the hub cap. See Group 35of the L-Line and
Truck or Tractor Only 2 (14) 3 (21) A-Line Maintenance Manual, for recommended
Truck or Tractor w/Single Trailer 3 (21) 4 (28) lubricants.
Truck or Tractor w/Two Trailers 5 (35) 6 (42) IMPORTANT: Before removing the fill plug, al-
Table 11.4, Maximum Allowable Service Brake Air ways clean the hub cap and plug.
Leakage
3. Examine the steering components.
26. Test the service brakes. See Fig. 11.13. If repairs are needed, see
Group 46 of the L-Line and A-Line Workshop
When starting to move the vehicle and before Manual for instructions, or take the vehicle to an
picking up speed, test the brakes with the foot authorized Sterling dealer.
pedal and parking brake control valve (yellow
knob) to be sure they will bring the vehicle to a 3.1 Check the mounting bolts and pitman arm
safe stop. nut for tightness.
3.2 Check the drag link nuts for missing cotter
pins.
11.13
sion, have the belt tensioner replaced. See

Group 01 of the L-Line and A-Line Workshop
Manual for instructions, or take the vehicle to an
authorized Sterling dealer.
1
A
B
2 1
3
10/31/94 f200036a
3 A. Deflection B. Belt Free-Span
Fig. 11.14, Checking Belt Tension
10/11/2001 f461916
6. Inspect the seat belts and tether belts.
1. Steering Gear Mounting Bolt
2. Pitman Arm Pinch Bolt Nut
3. Drag Link Nut WARNING
Fig. 11.13, Steering Gear Fasteners Inspect and maintain seat belts as instructed
below. Worn or damaged seat belts could fail
3.3 Inspect the steering drive shaft and steer- during a sudden stop or crash, possibly resulting
ing linkage for excessive looseness, or in serious injury or death.
other damage.
IMPORTANT: Seat belts have a finite life
3.4 Tighten loose nuts and have damaged which may be much shorter than the life of
parts replaced as needed.
the vehicle. Regular inspections and re-
4. Check the condition of the serpentine drive belt. placement as needed are the only assur-
Look for signs of glazing, wear (frayed edges), ance of adequate seat belt security over the
damage (breaks or cracks), or oil contamination. life of the vehicle.
If a belt is glazed, worn, damaged, or oil soaked, NOTE: When any part of a seat belt needs
have the belt replaced, following the instructions
in Group 01 of the L-Line and A-Line Workshop
replacement, the entire seat belt must be
Manual. replaced, both retractor and buckle side.
6.1 Check the web for fraying, cuts, or ex-
CAUTION treme wear, especially near the buckle
latch plate and in the D-loop guide area.
Do not drive with a serpentine belt that is visibly 6.2 Check the web for extreme dirt or dust
worn or damaged. If it fails, the lack of coolant and for severe fading from exposure to
flow could rapidly cause progressive damage to sunlight.
engine components.
6.3 Check the buckle and latch for operation
5. Check the drive belt for proper tension. and for wear or damage.
Use your index finger to apply force at the center
6.4 Check the Komfort Latch for function and
of the belt free-span. See Fig. 11.14. There is no
cracks or other damage.
adjustment for belt tension on engines with auto-
matic belt tensioners. If there is not proper ten-
11.14
6.5 Check the web retractor for function and 2.3 Tighten hose clamps as necessary, but do
damage. not overtighten, as hose life can be ad-
versely affected.
6.6 Check the mounting bolts for tightness
and tighten any that are loose. 2.4 Be sure the hose support brackets are
securely fastened. Make sure the hoses
Monthly Post-Trip Inspection and are not located near sources of wear,
Maintenance abrasion, or high heat.
IMPORTANT: Replace all hoses, including
WARNING heater hoses, at the same time. Service-type
knitted or braided yarn-reinforced neoprene
Battery posts, terminals, and related accessories hose is acceptable. Silicone hoses having an
contain lead and lead compounds, chemicals extended service life can be substituted for the
known to the State of California to cause cancer reinforced neoprene type. See the Freightliner
and reproductive harm. To prevent possible per- Service Parts Catalog or contact your Sterling
sonal injury, always wash your hands after han- dealer.
dling battery parts and related accessories.
3. Check the steering wheel for excessive play.
1. Clean the batteries.
3.1 Start the engine. With the front tires
1.1 Remove any corrosion from the hold-down straight ahead, turn the steering wheel
and the top of the battery. until motion is observed at the front
wheels.
CAUTION 3.2 Align a reference mark on a ruler, then
Take care to keep the vent plugs tight so that the slowly turn the steering wheel in the oppo-
neutralizing solution does not enter any of the site direction until motion is again detected
battery cells and damage the battery. at the wheels.
1.2 Use a soda solution to neutralize the acid 3.3 Check the lash (free play) at the rim of the
present, then rinse off the soda solution steering wheel. See local/federal regula-
with clean water. tions for acceptable ranges of lash.
1.3 If the battery posts or cable terminals are If there is excessive lash, check the steer-
corroded, disconnect the terminals from ing system for wear or incorrect adjust-
the posts. Clean them with a soda solution ment of the linkage and steering gear be-
and a wire brush. After cleaning, connect fore operating the vehicle.
the terminals to the battery posts, then 4. Check the brake lining wear on all vehicles, in-
apply a thin coat of petroleum jelly to the cluding those with automatic slack adjusters.
posts and terminals to help retard corro- Proper brake operation is dependent on periodic
sion. maintenance and inspection of the brake linings.
2. Inspect the radiator and heater hoses, including 4.1 Check that brake linings are free of oil and
the clamps and support brackets. grease.
2.1 Make sure the radiator inlet and outlet 4.2 Inspect the thickness of the brake linings.
hoses are pliable and are not cracking or If the axle assembly is equipped with a
ballooning. Replace hoses that show signs dust shield or backing plate, remove the
of cracking, weakening, or ballooning. inspection plugs. If any brake linings are
2.2 Make sure the heater hoses are pliable worn to less than approximately 1/4 inch
and are not cracking or ballooning. Re- (6.4 mm) at the thinnest point, have the
place hoses that show signs of cracking, linings replaced on all brake assemblies
weakening, or ballooning. on that axle. See Group 42 of the L-Line
11.15
and A-Line Workshop Manual for lining

replacement instructions and camshaft
end-play inspection.
4.3 Check the brake drums for wear and
cracks.
4.4 Check that the inspection plugs in the dust
shields or backing plates, if so equipped,
are installed.
11.16
12
Cab Appearance
Cab Washing and Polishing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.1
Care of Fiberglass Parts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.1
Care of Chrome Parts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.1
Dashboard Care . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.1
Vinyl Upholstery Cleaning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.1
Velour Upholstery Cleaning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.2
Reflective Material . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.3
Cleaning the Engine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.3
Cleaning Exterior Plastic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.3
Cleaning Exterior Lights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.3
Cleaning and Maintaining Safety Belts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.3
Underbody . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.3
Leather Upholstery Cleaning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.3
Woodtone Trim . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.4
Inside Windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.4
Cleaning Lights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.4
Cleaning Mirrors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.4
Cab Appearance
Cab Washing and Polishing Care of Chrome Parts

To protect the finish of your new vehicle, follow these To prevent rust, keep chrome parts clean and pro-
guidelines carefully: tected at all times. This is especially important during
winter driving and in coastal areas where there is
During the first 30 days, rinse your vehicle fre-
exposure to salt air.
quently with water. If the vehicle is dirty, use a
mild liquid soap. Do not use detergent. When cleaning chrome parts, use clean water and a
soft cloth or sponge. A mild detergent may also be
During the first 30 days, do not use anything
used.
abrasive on your vehicle. Brushes, chemicals,
and cleaners may scratch the finish. Sponge gently, then rinse. If necessary, use a non-
abrasive chrome cleaner to remove stubborn rust or
During the first 120 days, do not wax your
other material. Do not use steel wool.
vehicle.
To help protect the chrome after cleaning, apply a
To extend the life of your vehicles finish, follow these coat of polishing wax to the surface. Never use wax
guidelines: on parts that are exposed to high heat, such as ex-
Avoid washing your vehicle in the hot sun. haust pipes.
Always use water. After the cab is completely
washed, dry it with a towel or chamois. Dashboard Care
Do not dust painted surfaces with a dry cloth, Periodically wipe the dashboard with a water-
as this will scratch the paint. dampened cloth. A mild detergent can be used, but
avoid using strong detergents.
Do not remove ice or snow from a painted sur-
face with a scraper of any sort.
CAUTION
To prevent damage to the finish, wax it regu-
larly. Before waxing, if the finish has become Do not use Armor-All Protectant, STP Son-of-a-
dull, remove oxidized paint using a cleaner Gun, or other equivalent treatments. These
specifically designed for this purpose. Remove cleaners contain vinyl plasticizers that can cause
all road tar and tree sap before waxing. Ster- stress crazing in the interior plastic panels,
ling recommends that a quality brand of which can result in cracking of the panels.
cleaner or cleaner-polish and polishing wax be
used.
Vinyl Upholstery Cleaning
Do not let diesel fuel or antifreeze stand on a
painted surface. If either should occur, rinse To prevent soiling, frequent vacuuming or light brush-
the surface off with water. ing to remove dust and dirt is recommended. Harsh
cleaning agents can cause permanent damage to
To prevent rust, have any nicks or other dam- vinyl upholstery. To preserve the upholstery and pre-
age on the finish touched up as soon as pos- vent damage, carefully review the following sections
sible. for recommended cleaning procedures. Waxing or
Park your vehicle in a sheltered area whenever refinishing improves soil resistance and cleanability
possible. for all vinyls. Any hard wax, such as that used on
automobiles, may be used.
Care of Fiberglass Parts Ordinary Dirt
Wash unpainted fiberglass air fairings and shields Wash the upholstery with warm water and mild soap,
monthly with a mild detergent, such as dishwashing such as saddle or oil soap. Apply soapy water to a
liquid. Avoid strong alkaline cleansers. large area and allow to soak for a few minutes, then
Apply a wax specifically designed for fiberglass. rub briskly with a cloth to remove the dirt. This can
be repeated several times, as necessary.
12.1
Cab Appearance
If dirt is deeply imbedded, use a soft bristle brush Shoe Polish

after applying the soap.
Most shoe polishes contain dyes which penetrate
If dirt is extremely difficult to remove, wall-washing
vinyl and stain it permanently. Shoe polish should be
preparations normally found around the home can be
wiped off as quickly as possible using naphtha or
used. Powdered cleaners, such as those used for
lighter fluid. If staining occurs, try the procedure used
sinks and tiles, are abrasive and must be used with
for sulfide stains.
caution as they can scratch the vinyl or give it a per-
manent dull appearance.
Ball Point Ink
Chewing Gum Ball point ink can sometimes be removed if rubbed
immediately with a damp cloth, using water or rub-
Harden the gum with an ice cube wrapped in a plas- bing alcohol. If this does not work, try the procedure
tic bag, then scrape it off with a dull knife. Any re- used for sulfide stains.
maining traces of gum can be removed with an all-
purpose light oil (peanut butter will also work) and
wiped off.
Miscellaneous
If stains do not respond to any of the treatments de-
Tars, Asphalts, and Creosote scribed above, it is sometimes helpful to expose the
vinyl to direct sunlight for up to 30 hours. Mustard,
Each of these items stains vinyl after prolonged con- ball point ink, certain shoe polishes, and dyes often
tact. They should be wiped off immediately and the bleach out in direct sunlight, leaving the vinyl undam-
area carefully cleaned, using a cloth dampened with aged.
naphtha.
Paint, Shoe Heel Marks Velour Upholstery Cleaning

Paint should be removed immediately. Do not use To prevent soiling, frequent vacuuming or light brush-
paint remover or liquid-type brush cleaner on vinyl. ing to remove dust and dirt is recommended. Spot
An unprinted cloth, dampened with naphtha or tur- clean with a mild solvent or an upholstery shampoo,
pentine may be used. Use care to prevent contact or the foam from a mild detergent. When using a sol-
with parts of the upholstery that are not vinyl. vent or a dry-cleaning product, follow the instructions
carefully, and clean only in a well-ventilated area.
Sulfide Stains Avoid any product that contains carbon tetrachloride
or other toxic materials. With either method, pretest a
Sulfide compounds, such as those found in eggs and small area before proceeding. Use a professional
some canned goods, can stain after prolonged con- upholstery cleaning service when extensive cleaning
tact with vinyl. These stains can be removed by plac- is needed.
ing a clean, unprinted piece of cloth over the spotted
area and pouring a liberal amount of 6 percent hy- Grease and Oil-Based Stains
drogen peroxide onto the cloth. Allow the saturated
cloth to remain on the spot for 30 to 60 minutes. For Dampen a small absorbent cloth with dry-cleaning
stubborn spots, allow the hydrogen-peroxide satu- solvent or spot remover. Apply the cloth carefully to
rated cloth to remain on the area overnight. Use cau- the spot from the outer edge to the center. Pat and
tion to prevent the solution from seeping into the blot the spot with a clean, dry cloth. Repeat several
seams, or it will weaken the cotton thread. times, as necessary, turning the cloths so that the
stain does not redeposit on the fabric.
Nail Polish and Nail Polish Remover
Sugar and Water-Based Stains
Prolonged contact with these substances causes per-
manent damage to vinyl. Careful blotting immediately Apply water-based detergent or cleaner, working in
after contact minimizes damage. Do not spread the circular motions. Pat and blot as dry as possible. Re-
liquid during removal. peat, if necessary, before drying thoroughly.
12.2
Cab Appearance
Chewing Gum or Wax To avoid scratching the lights, do not use a dry paper
towel, chemical solvents or abrasive cleaners.
Harden the gum or wax with an ice cube wrapped in
a plastic bag, then scrape it off with a dull knife. Ex-
cess wax can be absorbed by placing a thick white
Cleaning and Maintaining
blotter over the wax and heating with a warm (not Safety Belts
hot) iron. Remove the remainder by using the proce-
dure for grease and oil-based stains. Clean the safety belts with a mild soap solution rec-
ommended for cleaning upholstery or carpets. Do not
Mildew bleach or dye the belts, because the belt webbing
could be weakened.
Brush the dry fabric with a soft brush. Sponge with
detergent, and blot. If the fabric is colorfast, dilute a
teaspoon of bleach in one quart (one liter) of cool
Underbody
water. Apply with a swab, directly on the mildew Flush the complete underside of the vehicle fre-
stain. Dab repeatedly with clear, cool water, and blot quently. Keep body drain holes unplugged. Inspect
dry. for road damage.
Reflective Material Leather Upholstery Cleaning

Using warm water and detergent, clean by hand with For routine cleaning, wipe the surface with a soft,
a sponge, cloth or soft brush and rinse thoroughly. damp cloth. For more thorough cleaning, wipe the
Automatic truck wash machines are also acceptable. surface with a mild soap.
When using a high-pressure spray nozzle, hold the
nozzle at least 12 inches away from the surface and If the leather cannot be completely cleaned using a
less than a 45 degree angle to the surface to avoid mild soap and water solution, the leather may be
lifting the reflective material from the truck. cleaned using a commercially available cleaning
product Tanners Preserve Leather Cleaner and a
3M Type T scrubbing pad by using the following
Cleaning the Engine steps.
Cover the underhood electrical connections and ter- IMPORTANT: The type of scrubbing pad is very
minals of your vehicle when cleaning the engine critical because the common 3M Scotch Brite
compartment. Avoid spraying or splashing cleaning green pad is too aggressive and will damage
solvents or detergent solutions on the terminals and the leather surface.
connections. After the cleaning is completed and with
the engine not running, remove the protective clean-
ing coverings. Exposing electrical connections and CAUTION
terminals to cleaning solvents and detergent solu-
tions over a period of time can corrode them and re- Do not use household cleaners, glass cleaner,
sult in electrical system damage and malfunctions. alcohol solutions or cleaner intended for vinyl,
rubber or plastics. These products can damage
the leather.
Cleaning Exterior Plastic
IMPORTANT: In some instances, color or dye
Use vinyl cleaner for routine cleaning. Clean with a transfer can occur when wet clothing (wool,
tar remover if necessary. Do not clean plastic parts denim, leathers or other noncolorfast garments)
with thinners, solvents or petroleum-based cleaners.
comes in contact with leather upholstery. If this
occurs, the leather should be cleaned immedi-
Cleaning Exterior Lights ately to avoid permanent staining.
Wash with the same detergent as the exterior of your Tanners Preserve Leather Cleaner (product number
vehicle. Use glass cleaner or tar remover if neces- AS-300) is available from First Brands by calling
sary.
12.3
Cab Appearance
18007261001. This product may also be avail-

able at many local automotive after market stores.
3M Type T Clean And Finish Scrubbing Pads (UPC
0401101276) are available through your local 3M
distributor. Call 18007429649 for the nearest dis-
tributor in your area.
1. Spray a small amount of the leather cleaner on
the pad and rub the area to be cleaned with the
pad using a circular motion. Only clean one-
quarter of the area at a time. For heavily soiled
areas, spray the cleaner directly onto the leather
(two squirts should be adequate) and rub with
the pad. Repeat if necessary.
2. Using a soft, damp cloth, remove the loosened
dirt and foam.
3. Dry with a soft cloth.
Woodtone Trim
Wipe stains with a soft cloth and a multi-purpose
cleaning solution.
Inside Windows
Use glass cleaner for the inside windows if they be-
come fogged.
Cleaning Lights
Dirty lights reduce night vision distances and oncom-
ing drivers cannot see your vehicle as soon. Keep
your lights clean at all times.
Cleaning Mirrors
Do not clean your mirrors with a dry cloth or abrasive
materials. Use a soft cloth and mild detergent and
water. Be careful when removing ice from outside
mirrors because you may damage the reflective sur-
face.
12.4
13
In an Emergency
Hazard Warning Lights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.1
Fire Extinguisher . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.1
Emergency Kit, Optional . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.1
Emergency Starting with Jumper Cables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.1
Towing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.2
Fire in the Cab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.4
In an Emergency
Hazard Warning Lights hicles to touch each other. Do not lean over the
batteries when making connections, and keep all
The hazard warning light switch tab is located on the other persons away from the batteries. Failure to
left side of the steering column. To operate the haz- follow these precautions could lead to severe
ard lights, press the orange control once. All of the personal injury as a result of an explosion or
turn signal lights and both of the indicator lights on acid burns.
the control panel will flash.
To cancel the hazard warning lights, press the control CAUTION
again.
Make sure both starting systems have the same
voltage outputs, and avoid making sparks. Other-
Fire Extinguisher wise the vehicle charging systems could be se-
A fire extinguisher is located in the cab by the driv- verely damaged. Also, do not attempt to charge
ers door. isolated, deep-cycle batteries with jumper cables.
Follow the battery manufacturers instructions
when charging deep-cycle batteries.
Emergency Kit, Optional
On vehicles equipped with optional jump-start posts,
An optional emergency kit package is located be- attach the positive cable clamp to the positive post
tween the seats, at the front of the center console, if instead of to the battery, and attach the negative
the vehicle does not have a sleeper compartment. If cable clamp to the negative post.
there is a sleeper compartment, the emergency kit is
located elsewhere, depending on vehicle configura- CAUTION
tion. The package includes one or more of each of
the following: first aid kit, a reflective vest, and a tri- Connecting the jumper cables to the vehicle
angular reflector and flare kit. frame rail or to the engine block can cause se-
If there is an emergency while driving, cautiously pull vere damage to the engine wiring.
off the road, paying attention to other traffic. Turn on On vehicles without jump-start posts, the positive
the hazard warning lights. Place the flares and reflec- cable clamp can be attached to the starter positive
tor along the side of the road, to alert other drivers lug terminal.
that an emergency situation exists.
1. Apply the parking brakes and turn off the lights
and all other electrical loads.
WARNING
2. Connect an end of one jumper cable to the posi-
Use extreme care when placing flares in emer- tive terminal of the booster battery (or jump-start
gency situations that involve exposure to flam- post, if equipped), and connect the other end of
mable substances such as fuel. An explosion or the cable to the positive terminal of the dis-
fire could occur causing serious personal injury. charged battery (or jump-start post, if equipped).
Emergency Starting with WARNING

Jumper Cables Do the next step exactly as instructed and do not
When using jumper cables, use the following instruc- allow the clamps of one cable to touch the
tions. clamps of the other cable. Otherwise, a spark
could occur near a battery, possibly resulting in
severe personal injury from explosion and acid
WARNING burns.
Batteries release explosive gas. Do not smoke 3. Connect one end of the second jumper cable to
when working around batteries. Put out all flames the negative terminal of the booster battery and
and remove all sources of sparks or intense heat connect the other end to the negative jump-start
in the vicinity of the battery. Do not allow the ve- post or the starter ground lug. The starter ground
13.1
In an Emergency
lug (see Fig. 13.1) is the best location. Do not 7. Disconnect the grounded cable from the vehicle;
use the frame rail or the engine block as a then disconnect the other end of the cable from
ground. the negative terminal of the booster battery.
8. Disconnect the remaining cable from the newly
2 charged battery or jump-start post first, then dis-
connect the other end.
3
Towing
When it is necessary to tow the vehicle, make sure
4 the instructions below are closely followed to prevent
damage to the vehicle.
WARNING
1 Do not tow an unbraked vehicle if the combined
weight of both vehicles is more than the sum of
01/06/99 f150965 the gross axle weight ratings (GAWR) of the tow-
1. Starter Motor ing vehicle. Otherwise brake capacity will be in-
2. Solenoid adequate, which could result in personal injury or
3. Solenoid Positive Lug Terminal death.
4. Ground Lug
Fig. 13.1, Delco Remy 42-MT Starter
Front Towing Hookup
1. Disconnect the battery ground cables.
NOTE: It may be easier to access the starter
ground lug by routing the jumper cable under-
neath the vehicle. If the starter ground lug is not CAUTION
accessible, connect to the negative battery post Failure to remove the axle shafts when towing
of the discharged battery. the vehicle with the rear wheels on the ground
4. Start the engine of the vehicle with the booster could result in damage to the transmission and
batteries, and let the engine run a few minutes to other parts.
charge the batteries of the other vehicle. 2. Remove both drive axle shafts. On dual drive
5. Attempt to start the engine of the vehicle with the axles, if the vehicle is to be lifted and towed, re-
batteries receiving the charge. Do not operate move only the rearmost drive axle shafts.
the starter longer than 30 seconds, and wait at On vehicles equipped with an air fairing, remove
least two minutes between starting attempts to both the forward and rearmost drive axle shafts if
allow the starter to cool. there is insufficient towing clearance.
6. When the engine starts, let it idle a few minutes. 3. Cover the ends of the hubs with metal plates or
plywood cut to fit the axle opening, and drilled to
WARNING fit the axle shaft studs. This prevents lubricant
from leaking out, and will keep contaminants
Do the next step exactly as instructed and do not from getting into and damaging the wheel bear-
allow the clamps of one cable to touch the ings and axle lubricant.
clamps of the other cable. Otherwise, a spark
could occur near a battery, possibly resulting in
severe personal injury from explosion and acid
burns.
13.2
In an Emergency
11. Connect the clearance lights, taillights, and sig-

CAUTION nal lights. Connect any special towing lights re-
quired by local regulations.
Failure to protect the frame rails from the chains
could cause damage, leading to eventual frame
failure. WARNING
4. On dual drive axles, if the vehicle is to be lifted Failure to chock the tires or connect the tow
and towed, chain the forward rear-axle assembly trucks air brake system before releasing the
to the vehicle frame; use protection to keep the spring parking brakes could allow the disabled
chains from damaging the frame. vehicle to suddenly roll. This could cause prop-
erty damage or personal injury.
5. Remove the bumper extension and chrome
bumper, if so equipped. Remove the bumper fair- 12. Chock the disabled vehicles tires, and connect
ing, if so equipped. the towing vehicles air brake system to the ve-
hicle being towed. Then, release the spring park-
6. On vehicles equipped with an air fairing, adjust
ing brakes and remove the chocks.
the trim tab to the lowest position.
Rear Towing Hookup
CAUTION
Do not pass a sling (for example, a rope or chain) CAUTION
from one tow hook to another to fasten for tow-
ing (see Fig. 13.2). Known as reeving, this prac- Using a rear towing hookup on a vehicle
tice is not permissible in most industrial applica- equipped with a roof fairing could cause damage
tions of towing and hoisting. Reeving can to the cab structure.
overload the hooks and result in damage to the 1. Place the front tires straight forward, and secure
vehicle. the steering wheel in this position.
7. Attach the towing device. Due to the many vari- 2. Disconnect the battery ground cables.
ables that exist in towing, positioning the lifting
and towing device is the sole responsibility of the
towing-vehicle operator. CAUTION
8. On vehicles equipped with an air fairing, mea- Failure to protect the frame rails from the chains
sure the distance from the ground to the bumper, could cause damage, leading to eventual frame
or from the ground to a frame bracket. failure.
9. Lift the vehicle, and secure the safety chains. If 3. On dual drive axles, using protection to keep the
extra towing clearance is needed, remove the chains from damaging the vehicle frame, chain
front wheels. the forward-rear drive axle to the frame.
4. Attach the towing device. Due to the many vari-
WARNING ables that exist in towing, positioning the lifting
and towing device is the sole responsibility of the
Failure to lower the vehicle could result in the air towing-vehicle operator.
fairing striking an overhead obstruction, such as
a bridge or overpass, and causing vehicle dam- 5. Lift the vehicle, and secure the safety chains. If
age or personal injury. extra clearance is needed, remove the bumper
extension, if equipped.
10. On vehicles equipped with an air fairing, repeat
the measurement taken in step 8. The difference 6. Connect the clearance lights, taillights, and sig-
between the two measurements must not exceed nal lights. Also connect any special towing lights
14 inches (36 cm). If necessary, lower the ve- required by local regulations.
hicle.
13.3
In an Emergency
OK
2 1
1
OK
01/11/2006 f880694
IMPORTANT: Do not reeve when towing.

1. Tow Hook 2. Chain
Fig. 13.2, Reeving
Fire in the Cab

The incidence of fire in heavy- and medium-duty
trucks is rare, according to data from the National
Highway Traffic Safety Administration. Federal Motor
Vehicle Safety Standard #302 limits the flammability
of specified materials used inside the cab, but de-
spite this, most materials will burn. The cab of this
vehicle contains urethane foam, which is of concern
in this respect.
WARNING
Urethane foam is flammable! Do not allow any
flames, sparks, or other heat sources such as
cigarettes or light bulbs to contact urethane
foam. Urethane foam in contact with such heat
sources could cause a serious, rapid fire, which
could result in death, severe burns, or gas poi-
soning, as well as damage to the vehicle.
In Case of a Cab Fire

As quickly as possible, bring the vehicle to a safe
stop, apply the parking brake, turn off the ignition,
and get out of the vehicle.
13.4
Index
Subject Page Subject Page

A Aftertreatment System (ATS)
Request/Inhibit Regen
Air Conditioning, Auxiliary Switch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.6
(Sleeper Bunk) Heater and Air Air-Suspension Switch,
Conditioner . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.3 Optional . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.6
Air Conditioning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.2 Allison Automatic-
Allison Automatic Models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.18 Transmission Controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.9
General Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.18 Axle Controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.4
Battery-Isolation Switch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.10
B Clearance Lights/Blink
Switch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.3
Back-of-Cab Grab Handles, Cruise Control, Optional . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.7
Steps, and Deck Plate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.7 Daytime-Running Lights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.3
Accessing Back-of-Cab Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.7 Engine Brake Controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.4
Exiting the Back-of-Cab Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.8 Engine-Air Switch, Optional . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.6
Baggage Compartment Doors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.7 Fan Override Switch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.6
Battery Box Cover . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.8 Fifth Wheel Air Slide Control
Brake System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.1 Valve Switch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.5
Antilock Braking System Flash-to-Pass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.7
(ABS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.3 Fog Lights Switch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.3
Automatic Slack Adjusters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.4 Hazard-Warning-Light Switch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.9
Brake System Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.2 Headlight High/Low Beam
General Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.1 Control (Signal-Stat) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.7
Trailer ABS Lamp Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.4 Headlight High/Low Beam
Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.7
Headlight/Parking Light
C Switch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.3
Cab Door Locks and Handles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.1 Heater/Air-Conditioner
Controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.4
Cab Washing and Polishing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.1
Horn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.9
Cab-to-Sleeper Access . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.5
Hot Post, Optional . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.4
Canadian Motor Vehicle Safety
Standard (CMVSS) Labels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.2 Idle-Speed Control, Optional . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.3
Care of Chrome Parts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.1 Ignition Switch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.1
Care of Fiberglass Parts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.1 Instrument Panel Dimmer
Switch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.2
Cleaning and Maintaining
Safety Belts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.3 Mirror Controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.2
Cleaning Exterior Lights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.3 Parking Brake Valve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.5
Cleaning Exterior Plastic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.3 Power Locks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.1
Cleaning Lights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.4 Power Windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.1
Cleaning Mirrors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.4 Road Lights Switch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.3
Cleaning the Engine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.3 Suspension Seat Adjustment
Controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.9
Clutches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.25
Tilt/Telescoping Steering
Clutch Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.25 Wheel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.6
General Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.25 Trailer Air-Supply Valve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.5
Lubrication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.26 Trailer-Brake Hand Control
Cold-Weather Operation, CAT, Valve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.9
Cummins, DDE S60, M-B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.8 Transmission Controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.9
Caterpillar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.8 Turn Signals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.7
Cummins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.9 Windshield Wiper/Washer
Detroit Diesel S60 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.10 Controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.7
Mercedes-Benz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.10
Controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.1
I-1
Index

D Mercedes-Benz Engine
Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.17
Dashboard Care . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.1 Engine Shutdown, CAT,
DD15 Heavy-Duty Engine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.3 Cummins, DDE S60, M-B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.19
DDEC VI Driving Tips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.4 Caterpillar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.19
Engine Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.3 Cummins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.20
Defogging and Defrosting Using Detroit Diesel S60 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.20
Fresh Air . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.1 Mercedes-Benz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.21
Door Windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3 Engine Starting, CAT, Cummins,
DDE S60, M-B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.6
E Caterpillar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.6
Cold-Weather Start Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.8
Eaton Fuller AutoShift Cummins and Detroit Diesel
Automated Models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.1 S60 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.7
General Information, Mercedes-Benz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.7
AutoShift . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.1 EPA Emission Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.2
Operation, AutoShift with EPA07 Exhaust Emissions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.2
SmartShift . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.2
Vehicle Noise Emission
Eaton UltraShift DM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.4 Control Label . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.2
General Information, EPA07 Aftertreatment System
UltraShift DM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.4 (ATS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.1
Operation, UltraShift DM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.5
Ultrashift Diagnostics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.9
Eaton Vorad . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.25 F
Driver Display Unit (DDU) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.26 Federal Motor Vehicle Safety
Failure Display Mode/Fault Standard (FMVSS) Labels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.1
Codes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.30 Fire Extinguisher . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.1
In Case of Accident . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.29 Fire in the Cab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.4
Maintenance and In Case of a Cab Fire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.4
Diagnostics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.29 Fontaine Fifth Wheels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.6
Side Sensor Display, Fifth Wheel Locking
Optional . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.28 Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.7
Special Road Situations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.28 Fifth Wheel Lubrication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.10
Emergency Kit, Optional . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.1 Fifth Wheel Slide Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.9
Emergency Starting with General Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.6
Jumper Cables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.1
Freightliner SmartShift
Engine Braking System, CAT, Transmission Shift Control,
Cummins, DDE S60, M-B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.21 Optional . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.1
CAT BrakeSaver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.21 General Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.1
Constant-Throttle Engine Fresh Air . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.2
Brake (MBE4000 only) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.24
Fuller Deep-Reduction and
Exhaust Brake . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.22 Range-Shift Models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.15
Jacobs Engine Brake . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.23 General Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.15
Turbo Brake (MBE4000 only) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.24 Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.16
Engine Break-In, CAT, Fuller Range-Shift Models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.11
Cummins, DDE S60, M-B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.11
General Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.11
Engine Operation, CAT,
Cummins, DDE S60, M-B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.11 Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.11
Caterpillar Engine Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.12 Fuller Splitter and Range-Shift
Models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.13
Cummins Engine Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.13
Detroit Diesel S60 Engine
Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.15 Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.13
Engine Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.11 Fuller Straight-Shift Models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.10
I-2
Index

Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.10 Instrumentation Control Unit 4
(ICU4) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.16
Buzzer and Chime . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.16
G Ignition Sequence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.17
Grab Handles and Access Mode/Reset Switch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.17
Steps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.1 Instruments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.10
Entering the Drivers Side Application Air Pressure
(Left-Hand Drive) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.2 Gauge, Optional . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.13
Entering the Drivers Side Coolant Temperature Gauge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.10
(Right-Hand Drive) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3 Engine Oil Pressure Gauge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.10
Entering the Passengers Engine Oil Temperature
Side (Left-Hand Drive) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.2 Gauge, Optional . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.11
Entering the Passengers Forward and Rear Axle Oil
Side (Right-Hand Drive) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3 Temperature Gauges,
Exiting the Drivers Side Optional . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.13
(Left-Hand Drive) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.2 Fuel Gauge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.12
Exiting the Drivers Side Intake-Air Restriction Gauge,
(Right-Hand Drive) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3 Optional . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.13
Exiting the Passengers Side Primary and Secondary Air
(Left-Hand Drive) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.2 Pressure Gauges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.12
Exiting the Passengers Side Pyrometer, Optional . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.12
(Right-Hand Drive) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3
Speedometer/Odometer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.10
Tachometer/Engine Hours
H Meter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.10
Transmission Oil
Hazard Warning Lights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.1 Temperature Gauge,
Heating, Auxiliary (Sleeper Optional . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.12
Bunk) Heater and Air Voltmeter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.11
Conditioner . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.2
Heating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.2
High-Altitude Operation, CAT, L
Cummins, DDE S60, M-B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.21
Leather Upholstery Cleaning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.3
Caterpillar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.21
Cummins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.21
DDE S60, Mercedes-Benz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.21 M
Holland Fifth Wheels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.1 Meritor Drive Axles with Main
Fifth Wheel Locking Differential Lock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.1
Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.2 Meritor Interaxle Differential
Fifth Wheel Lubrication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.6 Lockout Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2
Fifth Wheel Slide Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.4 Meritor Main Differential Lock
General Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.1 Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.1
Hood Tilting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.8 Meritor Tandem Drive Axles
To Return the Hood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.8 with Interaxle Differential . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.1
To Tilt the Hood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.8
HVAC General Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.1 N
NGI Instrument Cluster . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.23
I Instruments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.23
Ignition and Lock Key . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.1 Lightbar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.23
Inside Windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.4 Message Center . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.23
Instrumentation Control Unit 3 Mode and Set Buttons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.23
(ICU3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.19
ICU3 Ignition Sequence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.19
Mode/Reset Switch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.23
I-3
Index

P U
Power Distribution Module and Underbody . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.3
Power Distribution Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.4
Pretrip and Post-Trip Inspection
Checklists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.1 V
Pretrip and Post-Trip Vehicle Specification Decal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.1
Maintenance Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.3 Velour Upholstery Cleaning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.2
Daily Pretrip Inspection and Chewing Gum or Wax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.3
Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.3
Grease and Oil-Based Stains . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.2
Monthly Post-Trip Inspection
and Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.15 Mildew . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.3
Weekly Post-Trip Inspection Sugar and Water-Based
and Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.13 Stains . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.2
Vinyl Upholstery Cleaning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.1
Ball Point Ink . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.2
R Chewing Gum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.2
Reflective Material . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.3 Miscellaneous . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.2
Roll Stability Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.30 Nail Polish and Nail Polish
Remover . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.2
Ordinary Dirt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.1
S Paint, Shoe Heel Marks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.2
Seat Belts and Tether Belts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.5 Shoe Polish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.2
General Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.5 Sulfide Stains . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.2
Seat Belt Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.5 Tars, Asphalts, and Creosote . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.2
Seats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.1
Bostrom Talladega 915
Seat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.2
W
EzyRider Seat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.2 Warning and Indicator Lights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.13
General Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.1 Engine Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.15
National 2000 Series Seat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.3 Woodtone Trim . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.4
National Nonsuspended
Seat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.4
Two-Passenger Bench Seat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.5
Sleeper Bunk Latches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.6
Sleeper Compartment Bunk
Restraints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.7
Bunk Restraint Adjustment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.7
Bunk Restraint Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.7
General Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.7
Sleeper Compartment Exit Door . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.6
Sleeper Compartment Vents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3
Steering System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.1
General Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.1
Power Steering System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.1
T
Tire and Rim Labels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.2
Towing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.2
Front Towing Hookup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.2
Rear Towing Hookup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.3
I-4

Sterling L & A Lines

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Sterling L & A Lines

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Sterling L & A Lines

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

What maintenance procedures are covered in the manual?

What maintenance procedures are covered in the manual?

What safety features are discussed in the vehicle operation section?

What safety features are discussed in the vehicle operation section?

Foreword

Introduction coordination, or Fleetpack assistance. Our people

Customer Assistance Center

Vehicle Specification Decal 1 2 3

VEHICLE ID NO. FRONT AXLE

04/23/99 f080090 Fig. 1.3, Tire and Rim Label

Fig. 1.1, Vehicle Specification Decal, Canadian-Built

NOTE: Labels shown in this chapter are ex-

Federal Motor Vehicle Safety

09/28/98 f080023 EPA Emission Control

IMPORTANT: Certain Sterling incomplete ve-

EXHAUST AFTERTREATMENT SYSTEM INFORMATION

See Engine Operators Manual for complete Regeneration Instructions.

Fig. 1.8, Sunvisor Warning Label

Controls In the START position (if equipped), the engine will

Heated Mirrors, Optional

Fig. 2.3, Power Window Controls

Fig. 2.6, Heated Mirror Switch, Optional

Headlight/Parking Light Switch

Clearance Lights/Blink Switch

Hot Post, Optional Exhaust Brake, Optional

Fig. 2.10, Hot Post, Optional

03/09/98 03/09/98 f610137

Fig. 2.13, Axle Lock Switch

illuminated whenever the fifth wheel slide is

Fig. 2.14, Wheel Lock Switch

Fifth Wheel Air Slide Control Valve

Air-Suspension Switch, Optional

Fig. 2.20, Cooling Fan Override Switch

Push in the wiper/washer control knob to activate the

Stationary Throttle Control

The cruise control now functions as a throttle control.

Fig. 2.27, Tachometer/Engine Hours Meter

Fig. 2.26, Cab (Battery) Isolation Switch

03/09/98 f610065 03/09/98 f610066

the maximum, inspect the cooling system to deter- Voltmeter

started or when electrical devices in the vehicle are

Pyrometer, Optional Fuel Gauge

Fig. 2.33, Pyrometer, Optional Fig. 2.35, Fuel Gauge

Intake-Air Restriction Gauge, Optional

Warning and Indicator Lights

Warning and Indicator Light Icons

High Exhaust System Temperature Steadily illuminated indicates a regeneration is in progress,

Indicates a problem with the ABS is detected. Repair the

Flashes on and off whenever the outside turn signal lights

Flashes on and off whenever the outside turn signal lights

Warning and Indicator Light Icons

High-Beam Indicator (blue) Indicates the headlights are on high beam.

Activates with a buzzer when air pressure in the primary or

Activates with a buzzer when the coolant temperature goes

Activates with a buzzer when engine oil pressure goes below

Indicates the parking brake is engaged, or hydraulic brake

Illuminates for 15 seconds when the ignition key is turned to

Table 2.2, Warning and Indicator Light Icons

Engine Protection tion. This condition should be reported to an autho-

0 100 CHECK STOP ABS ABS