Morphine, the main alkaloid of opium, was first obtained from poppy seeds in 1805.[A176035] It is a potent analgesic, though its use is limited due to tolerance, withdrawal, and the risk of abuse.[A176050] Morphine is still routinely used today, though there are a number of semi-synthetic opioids of varying strength such as [codeine], [fentanyl], [methadone], [hydrocodone], [hydromorphone], [meperidine], and [oxycodone]. Morphine was granted FDA approval in 1941.[L12114]
Morphine is used for the management of chronic, moderate to severe pain.[A176050] Opiods, including morphine, are effective for the short term management of pain. Patients taking opioids long term may need to be monitored for the development of physical dependence, addiction disorder, and drug abuse.[L5728]
Categories
Alkaloids
Analgesics
Anesthetics
Central Nervous System Agents
Central Nervous System Depressants
Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C8 Substrates
Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A Substrates
Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A4 Substrates
Cytochrome P-450 Substrates
Heterocyclic Compounds, Fused-Ring
High-risk opioids
Hypotensive Agents
Narcotics
Natural Opium Alkaloids
Nervous System
Neuraxial Anesthetics
Opiate Agonists
Opiate Alkaloids
Opioid Agonist
Opioids
P-glycoprotein substrates
Peripheral Nervous System Agents
Phenanthrenes
Sensory System Agents
Serotonergic Drugs Shown to Increase Risk of Serotonin Syndrome
Drug Info/Drug Targets: DrugBank 3.0: a comprehensive resource for 'omics' research on drugs. Knox C, Law V, Jewison
T, Liu P, Ly S, Frolkis A, Pon A, Banco K, Mak C, Neveu V, Djoumbou Y, Eisner R, Guo AC, Wishart DS.
Nucleic Acids Res. 2011 Jan; 39 (Database issue):D1035-41. | PMID:21059682
