当院は有床診療所だが，手術支援ロボット

® を導入した．そこで，ロボットを用いた手術の器械数と手術工程数を，通常の手術やナビゲーションの手術と比較し，看護師の業務負担を検討した．また看護師へのアンケートで，看護師の意識変化についても調査した．結果として，ロボットの手術は，通常とナビゲーションの手術よりも器械数・手術工程数は少なく，看護師の業務負担ならびに導入前の心的不安は軽減していた．

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Reproduction of captive elephants in zoos has shown a low fecundity and requires improvement. One of the reasons for low fecundity is ovarian dysfunction in many female elephants. To investigate whether prolactin has a correlation with ovarian function in female elephants, the serum concentrations of prolactin, progesterone and estradiol-17β in four African female elephants (one cycling female and three non-cycling female elephants) were measured. Cyclic patterns of prolactin and estradiol-17β were observed in the cycling female elephant, which tended to be high during the follicular phase and low during the luteal phase. On the other hand, a cyclic pattern of prolactin was not observed in the non-cycling female elephants. One of the three non-cycling females () had developed breasts and showed significantly higher average levels of prolactin than the other female elephants. These results suggested that high concentrations of circulating estradiol-17β during the follicular phase stimulated prolactin secretion. They also suggested that hyperprolactinemia in was one of the causes of the developed mammary glands and ovarian dysfunction.

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When people are walking together with taking the hand of each other, they can sense the partner's thought and intention by sensing the patterns of grasping. Platform of

-no-Te is sign with one-handed robot with small-scale head-appearance as its body. Through this platform, our motivation to explore how those grasping patterns are effectively communicate and building relationships between human and robot. Through the experiment, we explored that subjective evaluation when robot and human takes the hand of each other. Through the questionnaire, we examine subjective impression about the rapport, effect and influences of the interaction, intention, closeness and etc. Results showed that through the variety of grasping patterns it's potential to establish the perceivable communication between the robot and human. In this paper, we describe our concept, design, mechanism of -no-Te and results of the experiment.

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Alaska pollack ovary is sold in local markets in the frozen state, and classified as Gamuko, or Mizuko by its degree of maturity.
The distribution pattern and oocyte diameter was consistent throughout the ovary and showed a homogeneous structure.
The oocyte diameter progressively increased from Gamuko, then to Mizuko, indicating the mid vitellogenic, late vitellogenic, and mature stages, respectively. It was confirmed that the classification was based on the maturity level of the ovary. Gamuko had a high content of moisture and minerals and low content of lipids, and Mizuko also had a high content of moisture.
The egg membrane comprised two main layers, the outer layer and inner layer. The thickness of the outer layer slightly decreased, while that of the inner layer substantially increased with advancing ovarian maturity, and there was a substantial decrease in the transparency of the Mizuko egg membrane.
It was clarified that these changes in the egg structure were related to the physical properties and permeation of the egg.

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Abstract

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is an increasingly common condition worldwide. According to the 2010 Global Burden of Disease study that ranked the causes of death worldwide in 1990 and 2010, CKD climbed to the 18th position over two decades. The prevalence of CKD in India varies from 0.16-0.78%. A large number of chemicals in common use are potential renal toxins. Use of natural compounds for nephroprotective effect is on rise because of their low toxicity and comparatively higher safety. Solanum nigrum has been used in Unani system of medicine since time antiquity in ascitis, piles, fever, gonorrhea, liver diseases and renal diseases.

Methods: In this study, methanolic extract of Solanum nigrum (ME) was studied for its nephroprotective activity against gentamicin (100 mg/kg), induced acute renal injury in Wistar rats of either sex. In the experimental regimen, the animals were administered with ME (p.o.) at dose levels of 200-800 mg/kg (equivalent to 5-20 gm of the traditional therapeutic crude dose respectively), for 10 days. Gentamicin (100 mg/kg, i.p.) was administered in a single dose from 4th day to 8th day of the experiment.

Results: The results showed significant (p<0.01) reduction in the elevated blood urea, serum creatinine, uric acid and also normalized the histopathological changes. However, the results were comparatively better at 800mg/kg dose level.

Conclusion: The findings suggest that the ME possesses marked nephroprotective activity with minimal toxicity and could offer a promising role in the treatment of acute renal injury caused by nephrotoxins like gentamicin. It is a potential plant can be used as nephroprotective agent.

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　Tarako, which is mainly prepared from the Walleye Pollock ovary, is a popular seafood product in Japan. However strange taste of the product has been reported, which is thought to be related to ovarian maturity. However, this remains to be confirmed. In this research, sensory assessment, electric taste sensor analysis and chemical analysis were carried out. Results confirmed that there is the difference in taste depending on ovarian maturity. However the amount of hydroperoxide, i.e., TMA/TMAO, showed no marked difference. However, the amount of the amino acids conferring the bitterness was higher in immature ovaries than in sufficiently mature ones.

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The contents of insulin and C-peptide extractable with acid alcohol from the tail of the pancreas and insulinoma were investigated, using gel filtration in seven nondiabetics including two patients with insulinoma and eight diabetics. The gel filtration patterns of both C-peptide and insulin in pancreatic extract were fairly stable even after the pancreas had been left for 14 hrs in the room temperature. In non-diabetics except cases of insulinoma the content of insulin in pancreas ranged from 1.42 to 4.56U per gram and that of C-peptide from 8.76 to 25.63μg per gram wet pancreas. The proportion of proinsulinlike components (PLC) ranged from0.01to 2.04% of insulin plus PLC. In diabetics insulin content was low and ranged from 0 to 1.68 U per gram and that of C-peptide from 0 to 14.48μg per gram wet pancreas. In insulinoma, both insulin and C-peptide increased and PLC occupied 5.48 and 5.96%, respectively.

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The distribution of pelagic elasmobranchs was analyzed using bycatch data from the high seas salmon surveys by research gillnets from 1981 to 1991 in the North Pacific Ocean and the Bering Sea. Five species of sharks and one stingray were reported. Blue and salmon sharks and spiny dogfish were dominant and constituted 98% of the total shark catch. It is considered that the research area includes the southern part of the distribution for spiny dogfish and salmon sharks and the northern part of that for blue, shortfin , cookiecutter sharks and pelagic stingrays. These elasmobranchs showed spatial segregation by species in distribution according to oceanographic conditions. Intraspecific sexual and growth dependent segregations were also confirmed. Length frequency distributions of blue andsalmon sharks suggest that their nursery grounds exist around the transitionaldomain of the subarctic boundary.

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The correlation between plasma C-peptide immunoreactivity (CPR) and immunoreactive insulin (IRI) was investigated during the oral glucose tolerance test in 20 normals, 127 diabetics, and 39 non-diabetics with chronic liver or renal disorders. When all subjects were included, the increment of CPR 30 minutes after glucose load (4CPR) correlated well with that of IRI (ΔIRI)(r=0.66, p<0.001), but the return of CPR towards the basal level was delayed as compared with IRI. The positive correlation was also observed between the sum of 6 IRI and that of6CPR values during the glucose tolerance test in diabetics and controls (r=0.53, p<0.001).ΔCPR/ΔBS (30min.) was also well correlated with ΔIRI/ΔBS (30min.), and was specifically low in diabetics.
Insulin-treated maturity-onset diabetics showed low but considerable CPR responses while no CPR responses were observed in insulin-treated juvenile diabetics.
In each plasma sample, CPR always exceeded IRI on the molar basis. At fasting CPR/IRI ratio was 15.6±1.7 (mean±SE) in normals and 14.9±1.3-16.9±1.0 in diabetics. In chronic liver diseases IRI response was augmented while CPR response was not different from that of controls, and the molar ratio of CPR/IRI was significantly low (9.5±1.1). On the contrary, it exceeded that of normals in chronic renal diseases (35.7±14.9).
It is concluded that, first, the plasma CPR response appears to be a valuable indicator of pancreatic B-cell function, and second, it is, nevertheless, modified in chronic liver or renal disorders.

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