Coralville Reservoir Water Quality Project
jerald schnoor2006
visibility
…
description
249 pages
link
1 file
Public reporting burden for the collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of ...
Related papers
Summation of Findings Natural Water Quality Committee 2006-2009
2010
The NWQC had a three-year mission to advise State Water Board staff regarding impacts of Scripps Institution of Oceanography’s (SIO) discharges into an adjoining ASBS. While the committee focused on SIO and other relevant data in the SIO vicinity, they also recognized the importance of their work in the context of the greater ASBS, Ocean Plan, and stormwater issues. In response, the NWQC agreed that their recommendations may provide guidance for assessing impacts to water quality in any ASBS in the State. To that end, the NWQC addressed three primary questions:
Single-Cell Based Random Neural Network for Deep Learning
Recent work demonstrated the value of multi clusters of spiking Random Neural Networks (RNN) with dense soma-to-soma interactions in deep learning. In this paper we go back to the original simpler structure and we investigate the power of single RNN cells for deep learning. First, we consider three approaches with the single cells, twin cells and multi-cell clusters. This first part shows that RNNs with only positive parameter can conduct convolution operations similar to those of the convolutional neural network. We then develop a multi-layer architecture of single cell RNNs (MLSRNN), and show that this architecture achieves comparable or better classification at lower computation cost than conventional deep-learning methods.
ENVIRONMENTAL AUDIT REPORT VINILYON
Plate 2.1 Google earth Image of the facility Plate 2.2 Snap shot of the main offices of the facility Plates 2.3 and 2.4 Plants and machinery in use in Vinylon footwear industry limited Plate 4.1 A waste collection drum in the facility Plate 4.2 General waste collection point in the facility Plate 4.3 Dump site for the collection and storage of PVC waste Plate 4.4 PVC grinding plant Plate 4.5 Fuel tanks in Vinylon footwear industry limited Plate 4.6 Safety sign in the facility Plate 4.7 Muster point and fire extinguisher Plate 4.8 Fire fighting truck in the facility
Das memórias de Nise da Silveira no hospital psiquiátrico do Engenho de Dentro
Mana, 2019
Resumo Este artigo consiste em um estudo sobre a construção da memória da psiquiatra alagoana Nise da Silveira (1905-1999), conhecida a partir da década de 1940 por sua luta contra intervenções biomédicas consideradas violentas e pela defesa de atividades expressivas (sobretudo pintura e modelagem) como forma de tratamento em saúde mental. Concentra-se aqui em projetos desenvolvidos atualmente no âmbito do Instituto Municipal Nise da Silveira, complexo hospitalar centenário localizado no bairro do Engenho de Dentro, no Rio de Janeiro, com ênfase no Museu de Imagens do Inconsciente, no Hotel da Loucura e seus respectivos líderes. Através de trabalho de campo, aponta-se para uma hierarquia de legitimidade concernente ao contato pessoal com a médica, na qual se inscreve uma tensão entre uma memória oficial e uma memória oficiosa.
The Russian Imperialism In Historical Retrospective And Recent Geopolitical Circumstances
Україна – Європейський Союз. Матеріали VIII Міжнародної науково-практичної конференції (м. Ужгород, 20 жовтня 2023 року), 2023
Muscovian Russia conquered and destroyed the democratic republic of Novgorod in the High Middle Ages. Before the West-European rich Hansa towns had prolific trade contacts with Novgorod, but they refused to keep contact with a despotic dictatorship. In response, Ivan the Terrible attacked Livonia and destroyed it. The brutality of Muscovian troops was depicted in Western Europe, how women and innocent civil children were tortured with the sadism of Muscovian soldiers. Later, in the 19th century, Russia and Great Britain stepped into a competition for gaining Central Asia. A recognized researcher of Turkish studies, Ármin Vámbéry, wrote about the Russian danger: the Tsarist Empire destroyed the civilization and cultural heritage in Central Asia, too. Nowadays, Hungary is a threat to security, because Hungarian Prime Orbán serves Putin’s interests.
Coralville Reservoir Water
Quality Project
Final Report, Jan 2005 – Dec 2005
Contract No. DACW25-03-P-0057
Claudia Espinosa-Villegas
Craig Just
Tatsuaki Nakato
Jerald Schnoor
IIHR—Hydroscience & Engineering
The University of Iowa
College of Engineering
Iowa City IA 52242-1585
IIHR Technical Report # 446
May 2006
Form Approved
OMB No. 0704-0188
Report Documentation Page
Public reporting burden for the collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and
maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information,
including suggestions for reducing this burden, to Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports, 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington
VA 22202-4302. Respondents should be aware that notwithstanding any other provision of law, no person shall be subject to a penalty for failing to comply with a collection of information if it
does not display a currently valid OMB control number.
1. REPORT DATE
3. DATES COVERED
2. REPORT TYPE
MAY 2006
00-01-2005 to 00-12-2005
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
5a. CONTRACT NUMBER
Coralville Reservoir Water Quality Project
5b. GRANT NUMBER
5c. PROGRAM ELEMENT NUMBER
6. AUTHOR(S)
5d. PROJECT NUMBER
5e. TASK NUMBER
5f. WORK UNIT NUMBER
7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES)
University of Iowa,College of Engineering,Iowa City,IA,52242-1585
9. SPONSORING/MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES)
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION
REPORT NUMBER
10. SPONSOR/MONITOR’S ACRONYM(S)
11. SPONSOR/MONITOR’S REPORT
NUMBER(S)
12. DISTRIBUTION/AVAILABILITY STATEMENT
Approved for public release; distribution unlimited
13. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
14. ABSTRACT
see report
15. SUBJECT TERMS
16. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF:
a. REPORT
b. ABSTRACT
c. THIS PAGE
unclassified
unclassified
unclassified
17. LIMITATION OF
ABSTRACT
18. NUMBER
OF PAGES
Same as
Report (SAR)
248
19a. NAME OF
RESPONSIBLE PERSON
Standard Form 298 (Rev. 8-98)
Prescribed by ANSI Std Z39-18
Acknowledgements
The study reported herein was conducted for and sponsored by the U.S. Army Corps of
Engineers, Rock Island District (Contract No. DACW25-03-P-0057). Mr. David P. Bierl,
Hydrologist at the U.S. Army Engineer District, Rock Island Water Quality and
Sedimentation Section was the project coordinator. The authors are thankful to Eldon
Schneider, Tom Lee, Matt Reusswig and Collin Just who assisted in field data collections
and/or laboratory analyses and to Jon Christensen, Iowa DNR, for assistance with fish
collections.
i
Table of Contents
Acknowledgements....................................................................................................i
Introduction................................................................................................................1
Description of the Area and Scope of the Project ................................................. 1
Administrative and Fiscal ...................................................................................... 4
Sampling Methods and Procedures ........................................................................4
Sampling Locations............................................................................................... 4
Sampling Procedures............................................................................................ 4
Quality Control ...................................................................................................... 5
Observations..............................................................................................................5
Hydrologic Conditions ........................................................................................... 5
Water Temperature............................................................................................... 8
Significance to Water Quality........................................................................... 8
Analytical Detail ............................................................................................... 8
Sampling and Storage ..................................................................................... 8
Results and Discussion ................................................................................... 8
Total Suspended Solids ...................................................................................... 12
Significance to Water Quality......................................................................... 12
Analytical Detail ............................................................................................. 12
Sampling and Storage ................................................................................... 13
Results and Discussion ................................................................................. 13
Dissolved Oxygen ............................................................................................... 17
Significance to Water Quality......................................................................... 17
Analytical Detail ............................................................................................. 17
Sampling and Storage ................................................................................... 17
Results and Discussion ................................................................................. 18
Biochemical Oxygen Demand............................................................................. 22
Significance to Water Quality......................................................................... 22
Analytical Detail ............................................................................................. 22
Sampling and Storage ................................................................................... 22
Results and Discussion ................................................................................. 22
Carbon Dioxide and pH....................................................................................... 26
Significance to Water Quality......................................................................... 26
Analytical Detail ............................................................................................. 26
Sampling and Storage ................................................................................... 27
Results and Discussion ................................................................................. 27
Alkalinity.............................................................................................................. 35
Significance to Water Quality......................................................................... 35
Analytical Detail ............................................................................................. 35
ii
Sampling and Storage ................................................................................... 35
Results and Discussion ................................................................................. 35
Hardness ............................................................................................................ 39
Significance to Water Quality......................................................................... 39
Analytical Detail ............................................................................................. 39
Sampling and Storage ................................................................................... 40
Results and Discussion ................................................................................. 40
Total Organic Carbon.......................................................................................... 48
Significance to Water Quality......................................................................... 48
Results and Discussion ................................................................................. 48
Nitrogen .............................................................................................................. 52
Significance to Water Quality......................................................................... 52
Analytical Detail ............................................................................................. 53
Results and Discussion ................................................................................. 53
Ammonia Nitrogen......................................................................................... 53
Nitrite Nitrogen............................................................................................... 57
Nitrate Nitrogen ............................................................................................. 61
Kjeldahl Nitrogen ........................................................................................... 65
Total Nitrogen ................................................................................................ 69
Phosphorus......................................................................................................... 73
Significance to Water Quality......................................................................... 73
Results and Discussion ................................................................................. 73
Orthophosphate............................................................................................. 73
Total Phosphorus .......................................................................................... 77
Silica ................................................................................................................... 81
Significance to Water Quality......................................................................... 81
Results and Discussion ................................................................................. 81
Ion Balance......................................................................................................... 85
Significance to Water Quality......................................................................... 85
Analytical Detail ............................................................................................. 85
Sampling and Storage ................................................................................... 86
Results and Discussion ................................................................................. 86
Escherichia coli and Fecal Coliform Bacteria...................................................... 87
Significance to Water Quality......................................................................... 87
Sampling and Storage ................................................................................... 87
Results and Discussion ................................................................................. 88
Pesticides in Fish ................................................................................................ 90
Analytical Detail ............................................................................................. 90
Results and Discussion ................................................................................. 90
Pigments............................................................................................................. 92
Results and Discussion ................................................................................. 92
Summary of Criteria Violations..............................................................................94
Summary of Applicable Water Quality Standards ...............................................95
iii
Distribution List .......................................................................................................99
Appendix A.............................................................................................................100
QA/QC Control Charts ...................................................................................... 100
January 2005 Monthly Report ........................................................................... 109
February 2005 Monthly Report ......................................................................... 117
March 2005 Monthly Report.............................................................................. 125
April 2005 Monthly Report ................................................................................ 134
May 2005 Monthly Report................................................................................. 143
June 2005 Monthly Report................................................................................ 152
July 2005 Monthly Report ................................................................................. 162
August 2005 Monthly Report ............................................................................ 172
September 2005 Monthly Report ...................................................................... 182
October 2005 Monthly Report ........................................................................... 191
November 2005 Monthly Report ....................................................................... 199
December 2005 Monthly Report ....................................................................... 207
Beach Water Results – May 16th....................................................................... 215
Beach Water Results – May 18th....................................................................... 216
Beach Water Results – May 23rd. ..................................................................... 217
Beach Water Results – May 31st....................................................................... 218
Beach Water Results – Jun 6th. ........................................................................ 219
Beach Water Results – Jun 13th........................................................................ 220
Beach Water Results – Jun 20th........................................................................ 221
Beach Water Results – Jul 27th......................................................................... 222
Beach Water Results – Jul 5th........................................................................... 223
Beach Water Results – Jul 11th......................................................................... 224
Beach Water Results – Jul 18th......................................................................... 225
Beach Water Results – Jul 25th......................................................................... 226
Beach Water Results – Aug 1st. ........................................................................ 227
Beach Water Results – Aug 8th. ........................................................................ 228
Beach Water Results – Aug 15th. ...................................................................... 229
Beach Water Results – Aug 22nd. ..................................................................... 230
Beach Water Results – Aug 29th. ...................................................................... 231
Beach Water Results – Sep 6th. ........................................................................ 232
Beach Water Results – Sep 12th. ...................................................................... 233
Beach Water Results – Sep 20th. ...................................................................... 234
iv
List of Tables
Table 1: Test frequency, method and detection limit............................................. 3
Table 2: Sampling Locations................................................................................. 4
Table 3: Minimum, maximum and average flow into and out of the
reservoir............................................................................................... 5
Table 4: Year 2005 water temperature data (°C) for all samples. ......................... 9
Table 5: Year 2005 total suspended solids raw data for all samples. ................. 14
Table 6: Year 2005 dissolved oxygen (mg/L) raw data for all samples. .............. 19
Table 7: Year 2005 biological oxygen demand (mg/L) raw data for all
samples. ............................................................................................ 23
Table 8: Year 2005 carbon dioxide (mg/L) measured data for all
samples. ............................................................................................ 28
Table 9: Year 2005 pH raw data for all samples. ................................................ 32
Table 10: Year 2005 total alkalinity (mg/L as CaCO3) raw data for all
samples. ............................................................................................ 36
Table 11: Year 2005 calcium hardness (mg/L as CaCO3) raw data for
all samples......................................................................................... 41
Table 12: Year 2005 total hardness (mg/L as CaCO3) raw data for all
samples. ............................................................................................ 45
Table 13: Year 2005 total organic carbon (mg/L) raw data for all
samples. ............................................................................................ 49
Table 14: Year 2005 ammonia nitrogen (mg/L-N) raw data for all
samples. ............................................................................................ 54
Table 15: Year 2005 nitrite nitrogen (mg/L-N) raw data for all samples. ............. 58
Table 16: Year 2005 nitrate nitrogen (mg/L-N) raw data for all
samples. ............................................................................................ 62
Table 17: Year 2005 Kjeldahl nitrogen (mg/L-N) raw data for all
samples. ............................................................................................ 66
Table 18: Year 2005 total nitrogen (mg/L-N) raw data for all samples. ............... 70
Table 19: Year 2005 orthophosphate (mg/L-P) raw data for all
samples. ............................................................................................ 74
Table 20: Year 2005 total phosphorus (mg/L-P) raw data for all
samples. ............................................................................................ 78
Table 21: Year 2005 silica (mg/L as SiO2) raw data for all samples. .................. 82
Table 22: Anion-Cation Balances........................................................................ 86
Table 23: Escherichia coli at Sandy Beach, Sugar Bottom, and the
West Overlook (organisms per 100 mL). ........................................... 88
Table 24: Fecal coliform bacteria at Sandy Beach, Sugar Bottom, and
the West Overlook (organisms per 100 mL). ..................................... 89
Table 25: Escherichia coli/fecal coliform bacteria at all river locations
(organisms per 100 mL)..................................................................... 89
v
Table 26: Pesticides in Fish. ............................................................................... 91
Table 27: Pigment, Chlorophyll a (mg/cubic meter) ............................................ 92
Table 28: Pigment, Chlorophyll b (mg/cubic meter) ............................................ 92
Table 29: Pigment, Chlorophyll c (mg/cubic meter) ............................................ 93
Table 30: Pigment, Pheophytin a (mg/cubic meter) ............................................ 93
Table 31: Summary of Criteria Violations............................................................ 94
Table 32: Applicable Water Quality Standards and Criteria. ............................... 95
Table 33: Acute criterion for ammonia in Iowa streams. ..................................... 96
Table 34: Chronic Criterion for Ammonia in Iowa Streams – Early Life
Stages Present. ................................................................................. 97
Table 35: Chronic Criterion for Ammonia in Iowa Streams – Early Life
Stages Absent. .................................................................................. 98
vi
List of Figures
Figure 1: Coralville Reservoir Area. ...................................................................... 2
Figure 2: Minimum, maximum and mean impoundment inflow (cubic
feet per second)................................................................................... 6
Figure 3: Minimum, maximum and mean impoundment outflow (cubic
feet per second)................................................................................... 6
Figure 4: Reservoir pool level (feet msl) versus time in days................................ 7
Figure 5: Year 2005 mean water temperature (ºC) with standard
deviation for all sample locations by date. ......................................... 10
Figure 6: Year 2005 water temperature (ºC) median, minima, maxima,
lower quartiles, upper quartiles and standard deviation of
all samples by location....................................................................... 10
Figure 7: Years 2001-2005 water temperature (ºC) medians, minima,
maxima, lower quartiles, upper quartiles and standard
deviation for all samples by location. ................................................. 11
Figure 8: Years 2001-2005 water temperature (ºC) medians, minima,
maxima, lower quartiles, upper quartiles and standard
deviation for all samples by year........................................................ 11
Figure 9: Years 2001-2005 water temperature (ºC) mean and
standard deviation for all samples by date......................................... 12
Figure 10: Year 2005 total suspended solids (TSS mg/L) mean and
standard deviation for all samples by date......................................... 15
Figure 11: Year 2005 total suspended solids (TSS mg/L) median,
minima, maxima, lower quartiles, upper quartiles and
standard deviation of all samples by location..................................... 15
Figure 12: Years 2001-2005 total suspended solids (TSS mg/L)
median, minima, maxima, lower quartiles, upper quartiles
and standard deviation by sample location. ....................................... 16
Figure 13: Years 2001-2005 total suspended solids (TSS mg/L)
median, minima, maxima, lower quartiles, upper quartiles
and standard deviation for all samples by year.................................. 16
Figure 14: Years 2001-2005 total suspended solids (TSS mg/L) mean
and standard deviation for all samples by date.................................. 17
Figure 15: Year 2005 dissolved oxygen (DO mg/L) mean and standard
deviation for all samples by date........................................................ 20
Figure 16: Year 2005 dissolved oxygen (DO mg/L) median, minima,
maxima, lower quartiles, upper quartiles and standard
deviation for all samples by location. ................................................. 20
Figure 17: Years 2001-2005 dissolved oxygen (DO mg/L) median,
minima, maxima, lower quartiles, upper quartiles and
standard deviation for all samples by location. .................................. 21
vii
Figure 18: Years 2001-2005 dissolved oxygen (DO mg/L) medians,
minima, maxima, lower quartiles, upper quartiles and
standard deviation for all samples by year......................................... 21
Figure 19: Years 2001-2005 dissolved oxygen (DO mg/L) mean and
standard deviation for all samples by date......................................... 22
Figure 20: Year 2005 biological oxygen demand (BOD5 mg/L) mean
and standard deviation for all samples by date.................................. 24
Figure 21: Year 2005 biological oxygen demand (BOD5 mg/L) median,
minima, maxima, lower quartiles, upper quartiles and
standard deviation for all samples by location. .................................. 24
Figure 22: Years 2001-2005 biological oxygen demand (BOD5 mg/L)
median, minima, maxima, lower quartiles, upper quartiles
and standard deviation for all samples by location. ........................... 25
Figure 23: Years 2001-2005 biological oxygen demand (BOD5 mg/L)
median, minima, maxima, lower quartiles, upper quartiles
and standard deviations for all samples by year. ............................... 25
Figure 24: Years 2001-2005 biological oxygen demand (BOD5 mg/L)
mean and standard deviation for all samples by date........................ 26
Figure 25: Year 2005 carbon dioxide (CO2 mg/L) mean and standard
deviation for all samples by date........................................................ 29
Figure 26: Year 2005 carbon dioxide (CO2 mg/L) median, minima,
maxima, lower quartiles, upper quartiles and standard
deviation for all samples by location. ................................................. 29
Figure 27: Years 2001-2005 carbon dioxide (CO2 mg/L) median,
minima, maxima, lower quartiles, upper quartiles and
standard deviation for all samples by sample location....................... 30
Figure 28: Years 2001-2005 carbon dioxide (CO2 mg/L) medians,
minima, maxima, lower quartiles, upper quartiles and
standard deviation for all samples by year......................................... 30
Figure 29: Years 2001-2005 carbon dioxide (CO2 mg/L) mean and
standard deviation for all samples by date......................................... 31
Figure 30: Year 2005 pH mean and standard deviation for all samples
by date. .............................................................................................. 33
Figure 31: Year 2005 pH median, minima, maxima, lower quartiles,
upper quartiles and standard deviation for all samples by
location. ............................................................................................. 33
Figure 32: Years 2001-2005 pH median, minima, maxima, lower
quartiles, upper quartiles and standard deviation for all
samples by location. .......................................................................... 34
Figure 33: Years 2001-2005 pH median, minima, maxima, lower
quartiles, upper quartiles and standard deviation for all
samples by year................................................................................. 34
Figure 34: Years 2001-2005 pH mean and standard deviation for all
samples by date................................................................................. 35
viii
Figure 35: Year 2005 total alkalinity mean and standard deviation for
all samples by date. ........................................................................... 37
Figure 36: Year 2005 total alkalinity median, minima, maxima, lower
quartiles, upper quartiles and standard deviation for all
samples by location. .......................................................................... 37
Figure 37: Years 2001-2005 total alkalinity median, minima, maxima,
lower quartiles, upper quartiles and standard deviations for
all samples by location....................................................................... 38
Figure 38: Years 2001-2005 total alkalinity median, minima, maxima,
lower quartiles, upper quartiles and standard deviation for
all samples by year. ........................................................................... 38
Figure 39: Years 2001-2005 total alkalinity mean and standard
deviation for all samples by date........................................................ 39
Figure 40: Year 2005 calcium hardness mean and standard deviation
for all samples by date. ...................................................................... 42
Figure 41: Year 2005 calcium hardness median, minima, maxima,
lower quartiles, upper quartiles and standard deviation for
all samples by location....................................................................... 42
Figure 42: Years 2001-2005 calcium hardness median, minima,
maxima, lower quartiles, upper quartiles and standard
deviations for all samples by location. ............................................... 43
Figure 43: Years 2001-2005 calcium hardness median, minima,
maxima, lower quartiles, upper quartiles and standard
deviations for all samples by year...................................................... 43
Figure 44: Years 2001-2005 calcium hardness mean and standard
deviation for all samples by date........................................................ 44
Figure 45: Year 2005 total hardness mean and standard deviation for
all samples by date. ........................................................................... 46
Figure 46: Year 2005 total hardness medians, minima, maxima, lower
quartiles, upper quartiles and standard deviations for all
samples by location. .......................................................................... 46
Figure 47: Years 2001-2005 total hardness median, minima, maxima,
lower quartiles, upper quartiles and standard deviations for
all samples by location....................................................................... 47
Figure 48: Years 2001-2005 total hardness median, minima, maxima,
lower quartiles, upper quartiles and standard deviations for
all samples by year. ........................................................................... 47
Figure 49: Years 2001-2005 total hardness mean and standard
deviation for all samples by date........................................................ 48
Figure 50: Year 2005 total organic carbon mean and standard
deviation for all samples by date........................................................ 50
Figure 51: Year 2003 total organic carbon (TOC mg/L) median,
minima, maxima, lower quartiles, upper quartiles and
standard deviations for all samples by location.................................. 50
ix
Figure 52: Years 2001-2005 total organic carbon median, minima,
maxima, lower quartiles, upper quartiles and standard
deviations for all samples by location. ............................................... 51
Figure 53: Years 2001-2005 total organic carbon median, minima,
maxima, lower quartiles, upper quartiles and standard
deviations for all samples by year...................................................... 51
Figure 54: Years 2001-2005 total organic carbon means and standard
deviation for all samples by date........................................................ 52
Figure 55: Year 2005 ammonia nitrogen mean and standard deviation
for all samples by date. ...................................................................... 55
Figure 56: Year 2005 ammonia nitrogen median, minima, maxima,
lower quartiles, upper quartiles and standard deviations for
all samples by location....................................................................... 55
Figure 57: Years 2001-2005 ammonia nitrogen median, minima,
maxima, lower quartiles, upper quartiles and standard
deviations for all samples by location. ............................................... 56
Figure 58: Years 2001-2005 ammonia nitrogen median, minima,
maxima, lower quartiles, upper quartiles and standard
deviations for all samples by year...................................................... 56
Figure 59: Years 2001-2005 ammonia nitrogen mean and standard
deviation of all samples by date......................................................... 57
Figure 60: Year 2005 nitrite nitrogen mean and standard deviation for
all samples by date. ........................................................................... 59
Figure 61: Year 2005 nitrite nitrogen median, minima, maxima, lower
quartiles, upper quartiles and standard deviations of all
samples by location. .......................................................................... 59
Figure 62: Years 2001-2005 nitrite nitrogen median, minima, maxima,
lower quartiles, upper quartiles and standard deviations for
all samples by location....................................................................... 60
Figure 63: Years 2001-2005 nitrite nitrogen median, minima, maxima,
lower quartiles, upper quartiles and standard deviations for
all samples by year. ........................................................................... 60
Figure 64: Years 2001-2005 nitrite nitrogen mean and standard
deviation for all samples by date........................................................ 61
Figure 65: Year 2005 nitrate nitrogen mean and standard deviation for
all samples by date. ........................................................................... 63
Figure 66: Year 2005 nitrate nitrogen median, minima, maxima, lower
quartiles, upper quartiles and standard deviations for all
samples by location. .......................................................................... 63
Figure 67: Years 2001-2005 nitrate nitrogen median, minima, maxima,
lower quartiles, upper quartiles and standard deviations for
all samples by location....................................................................... 64
x
Figure 68: Years 2001-2005 nitrate nitrogen median, minima, maxima,
lower quartiles, upper quartiles and standard deviations for
all samples by year. ........................................................................... 64
Figure 69: Years 2001-2005 nitrate nitrogen mean and standard
deviation for all samples by date........................................................ 65
Figure 70: Year 2005 Kjeldahl nitrogen mean and standard deviation
for all samples by date. ...................................................................... 67
Figure 71: Year 2005 Kjeldahl nitrogen median, minima, maxima,
lower quartiles, upper quartiles and standard deviations for
all samples by location....................................................................... 67
Figure 72: Years 2001-2005 Kjeldahl nitrogen median, minima,
maxima, lower quartiles, upper quartiles and standard
deviations for all samples by location. ............................................... 68
Figure 73: Years 2001-2005 Kjeldahl nitrogen median, minima,
maxima, lower quartiles, upper quartiles and standard
deviations for all samples by year...................................................... 68
Figure 74: Years 2001-2005 Kjeldahl nitrogen mean and standard
deviation for all samples by year........................................................ 69
Figure 75: Year 2005 total nitrogen (mg/L-N) mean and standard
deviation for all samples by date........................................................ 71
Figure 76: Year 2005 total nitrogen (mg/L-N) median, minima,
maxima, lower quartiles, upper quartiles and standard
deviations for all samples by location. ............................................... 71
Figure 77: Years 2002-2005 total nitrogen (mg/L-N) median, minima,
maxima, lower quartiles, upper quartiles and standard
deviations for all samples by location. ............................................... 72
Figure 78: Years 2002-2005 total nitrogen median, minima, maxima,
lower quartiles, upper quartiles and standard deviations for
all samples by year. ........................................................................... 72
Figure 79: Years 2002-2005 total nitrogen mean and standard
deviation for all data by date. ............................................................. 73
Figure 80: Year 2005 orthophosphate (mg/L-P) mean and standard
deviation for all samples by date........................................................ 75
Figure 81: Year 2005 orthophosphate (mg/L-P) median, minima,
maxima, lower quartiles, upper quartiles and standard
deviations for all samples by location. ............................................... 75
Figure 82: Years 2001-2005 orthophosphate (mg/L-P) median,
minima, maxima, lower quartiles, upper quartiles and
standard deviations for all samples by location.................................. 76
Figure 83: Years 2001-2005 orthophosphate (mg/L-P) median,
minima, maxima, lower quartiles, upper quartiles and
standard deviations for all samples by year. ...................................... 76
Figure 84: Years 2001-2005 orthophosphate (mg/L-P) mean and
standard deviation for all samples by date......................................... 77
xi
Figure 85: Year 2005 total phosphorus mean and standard deviation
for all samples by date. ...................................................................... 79
Figure 86: Year 2005 total phosphorus median, minima, maxima,
lower quartiles, upper quartiles and standard deviations for
all samples by location....................................................................... 79
Figure 87: Years 2001-2005 total phosphorus median, minima,
maxima, lower quartiles, upper quartiles and standard
deviations for all samples by location. ............................................... 80
Figure 88: Years 2001-2005 total phosphorus median, minima,
maxima, lower quartiles, upper quartiles and standard
deviations for all samples by year...................................................... 80
Figure 89: Years 2001-2005 total phosphorus mean and standard
deviation for all samples by date........................................................ 81
Figure 90: Year 2005 silica mean and standard deviation for all
samples by date................................................................................. 83
Figure 91: Year 2005 silica median, minima, maxima, lower quartiles,
upper quartiles and standard deviations for all samples by
location. ............................................................................................. 83
Figure 92: Years 2001-2005 silica (mg/L as SiO2) median, minima,
maxima, lower quartiles, upper quartiles and standard
deviations for all samples by location. ............................................... 84
Figure 93: Years 2001-2005 silica (mg/L as SiO2) median, minima,
maxima, lower quartiles, upper quartiles and standard
deviations for all samples by year...................................................... 84
Figure 94: Years 2001-2005 silica (mg/L as SiO2) mean and standard
deviation for all samples by date........................................................ 85
Figure 95: Molecular structures of chlordane and dieldrin. ................................. 90
Figure 96: Molecular structures of heptachlor epoxide and nonachlor................ 90
Figure 97: Year 2005 water temperature accuracy chart. ................................. 100
Figure 98: Year 2005 dissolved oxygen accuracy chart.................................... 100
Figure 99: Year 2005 biological oxygen demand accuracy chart...................... 101
Figure 100: Year 2005 carbon dioxide accuracy chart...................................... 101
Figure 101: Year 2005 pH accuracy chart. ....................................................... 102
Figure 102: Year 2005 total alkalinity accuracy chart........................................ 102
Figure 103: Year 2005 calcium hardness accuracy chart. ................................ 103
Figure 104: Year 2005 total hardness accuracy chart....................................... 103
Figure 105: Year 2005 organic carbon accuracy chart. .................................... 104
Figure 106: Year 2005 ammonia nitrogen accuracy chart. ............................... 104
Figure 107: Year 2005 nitrite nitrogen accuracy chart. ..................................... 105
Figure 108: Year 2005 nitrate nitrogen accuracy chart. .................................... 105
Figure 109: Year 2005 total Kjeldahl nitrogen accuracy chart........................... 106
Figure 110: Year 2005 total nitrogen accuracy chart. ....................................... 106
Figure 111: Year 2005 orthophosphate accuracy chart. ................................... 107
Figure 112: Year 2005 total phosphorus accuracy chart................................... 107
xii
Figure 113: Year 2005 silica accuracy chart. .................................................... 108
Figure 114: Year 2005 total suspended solids accuracy chart.......................... 108
xiii
Coralville Reservoir Water Quality Project
Final Report: Jan 2005 – Dec 2005
Introduction
Description of the Area and Scope of the Project
The Coralville flood control dam is located in Johnson County, Iowa, about three miles
north of Iowa City. The lake, at the conservation pool, 680 feet mean sea level (msl), is
21.7 miles long with a surface area of 2,650 acres, and at spillway level (712 feet msl) is
45.1 miles long with a surface area of 25,040 acres. Prior to February 1992 the level of
the pool was normally reduced to 675 feet msl in late winter to facilitate the use of the
impoundment for flood control. At this level, the reservoir has an area of 1,320 acres.
More recent surveys indicated that at spillway level (712 feet msl) reservoir capacity was
420,960-acre feet, 17,720-acre feet at conservation pool level (680 feet msl), and 7,850acre feet at 675 feet msl.
In February 1992 the reservoir operational procedure was modified. Under the current
operational plan, the reservoir conservation pool will be held at 683 feet msl from
December 15 to February 15 and then reduced to 679 feet msl by March 20. Pool level
will be held at 679 feet msl from March 20 to June 20 and then be allowed to increase to
the summer conservation pool of 683 feet msl where it will remain through September
15. The fall pool will be variable with a maximum elevation of 686 feet msl. During
periods of high river flow the lake level often rises above these elevations due to
downstream flow constraints.
The Coralville Reservoir Water Quality Project was initiated in 1964, and continued
without interruption through October 1981. No sampling occurred from November 1981
through March 1982, but the project resumed on an abbreviated schedule in April 1982
and continued through January 1983 when it was again interrupted. Sampling was
reinstituted in June of 1983 and continued through September 1985. Recent studies have
covered the periods January-November 1986 through 1987, February-November 1988,
February-September 1989, and January-October 1990, 1991, 1992, and 1993, and
November to October for years 1993-2001. A one month lapse occurred November 2001
while the bulk of the project tasks transitioned to the current project managers, Jerald
Schnoor and Craig Just, in the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering at the
University of Iowa. The most recent, final year report was for Jan 2004-Dec 2004.
1
The original purpose of the study was the determination of the effects of a flood control
reservoir on the water quality and limnology of its parent river, but the long term nature
of the project has made it possible to relate seasonal, hydrologic, and land use patterns to
changes in water quality. During the current study, samples were routinely collected
from the Iowa River upstream from the reservoir, at the abandoned Green Castle Bridge
on Green Castle Avenue NW (formerly Road "O" and also formerly Johnson County
Road W-48), from the surface, mid-depth, and bottom of the reservoir at the Mehaffey
Bridge downstream from the Lake McBride Spillway, and from the Iowa River at The
University of Iowa Water Treatment Plant (Figure 1). Samples were collected three
times monthly in June, July and August; twice monthly in March, April, May, and
September; and monthly in November, December, January, February, and October.
Figure 1: Coralville Reservoir Area.
Samples were routinely analyzed for temperature, suspended solids, dissolved oxygen,
pH, alkalinity, carbon dioxide, hardness, ammonia, nitrite, nitrate, total Kjeldahl nitrogen,
orthophosphate, total phosphate, total organic carbon, silica, biochemical oxygen
demand, chlorophylls, and fecal coliform organisms. Sampling schedules and analytical
procedures are summarized in Table 1.
2
Table 1: Test frequency, method and detection limit.
Parameter
Frequency
Method*
Detection Limit
Alkalinity, Phenolphthalein (mg/L as CaCO3)
Alkalinity, Total (mg/L as CaCO3)
Biochemical Oxygen Demand (mg/L)
Carbon Dioxide (mg/L)
Dissolved Oxygen (mg/L)
Escherichia coli (organisms per 100 mL)
b
b
a
b
a
c
2320 B
2320 B
5210 B
4500-CO2 C&D
4500-O C&G
9222 G
Fecal Coliform Bacteria (organisms per 100
mL)
Hardness (total & calcium mg/L as CaCO3)
Ion Balance (meq/L)
Nitrogen, Ammonia (mg/L as N)
Nitrogen, Nitrate (mg/L)
Nitrogen, Nitrite (mg/L)
Nitrogen, Total Kjeldahl (mg/L)
Pesticides in Common Carp (mg/kg)
pH
Phosphate, ortho
Phosphorus, total
Pigments, Chlorophylls & Pheophytin (mg/m3)
Water Temperature (°C)
Silica
Total Dissolved Organic Carbon
Total Suspended Solids (mg/L)
c
9222 D
b
e
a
a
a
a
once/year
a
a
a
d
a
a
a
a
2340 C, 3500-Ca B
1030 E
4500-NH3 D
4500-NO34500-NO24500-Norg
EPA 3540
4500-H+ B
4500-P
4500-P
10200 H
2550 B
4500-SiO2
5310
2540 D
1 mg/L
5 mg/L
2 mg/L
0.1 mg/L
0.1 mg/L
10 organisms/
100 mL
10 organisms/
100 mL
5 mg/L
0.1 mg/L
0.1 mg/L
0.1 mg/L
0.1 mg/L
0.05 mg/kg
0.1
0.1 mg/L
0.1 mg/L
0.1 mg/m3
0.1°C
1 mg/L
0.1 mg/L
10 mg/L
a) Three times monthly (June, July and August); twice monthly (March,
April, May and September); monthly (November, December, January,
February, and October).
b) Monthly (January – December).
c) Three times monthly (June, July, and August).
d) Two to three times monthly (May – September).
e) Monthly (January, February, May and October).
* Standard Methods for Examination of Water and Wastewater, 20th Ed.
unless otherwise noted
Determinations of temperature, dissolved oxygen, and pH were made in the field at the
time of sample collection. Other parameters were either calculated or determined in the
laboratory.
Special studies for bacterial indicator organism levels near recreational areas, pesticide
residues in fish, and ion balance determinations were also carried out. The most recent
bacterial standards set two types of limits for indicator organisms in recreational waters:
•
a limit on the geometric mean of 5 samples in a 30-day period (must be less than
126 cfu/100 mL)
3
•
and a one-time maximum value (235 cfu/100 mL)
Beaches that exceed Iowa’s proposed geometric mean water quality standard for bacteria
will be posted with signs that state, “Swimming is Not Recommended.”
If any of the values used to calculate the geometric mean is less than the detection limit
(currently 10 cfu/100 mL), it is replaced with a value of one-half the detection limit. If an
E. coli result exceeds the one time maximum of 235 organisms/100 mL or the geometric
mean of 126 organisms/100 mL for five consecutive samples, reservoir operations
personnel are notified immediately.
Beach water sampling commences two weeks prior to Memorial Day and extends to the
second week following Labor Day each year. Each beach is sampled once per week
during the season, on a Monday or Tuesday. An additional sample is collected during a
week if resampling is required due to high bacteria concentrations.
Administrative and Fiscal
The project was continued under a similar arrangement as during the preceding period.
The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Rock Island District, furnished the major portion of
the financial support. IIHR – Hydroscience & Engineering, The University of Iowa,
supplied the remainder of the funds for the project. The University of Iowa Department
of Civil and Environmental Engineering furnished laboratory space.
Sampling Methods and Procedures
Sampling Locations
The sampling location names and coordinates are shown in Table 2.
Table 2: Sampling Locations.
Station Name
Location
N 41○47.513’ W 91○42.882’
Green Castle Avenue NW
N 41○46.489’ W 91○33.667’
Mehaffey Bridge Road
N 41○39.494’ W 91○32.462’
Burlington Street, Iowa City
N 41○48.859’ W 91○35.546’
N 41○45.492’ W 91○33.385’
N 41○43.479’ W 91○31.915’
Iowa River Upstream Station
Reservoir Station (surface, mid-depth, bottom)
University Water Plant Station
Sandy Beach
Sugar Bottom Beach
West Overlook Beach
Sampling Procedures
Routine water samples were collected throughout the year. Laboratory work was
performed in the Environmental Engineering and Science Laboratories. All water quality
determinations were made in accordance with Standard Methods or EPA methods.
Samples for chlorides, sulfates, phosphates, sodium, and potassium were also analyzed
on several occasions for ion balance determinations. Fish samples for pesticide analysis
were collected within the reservoir and from the Iowa River below the dam. The
4
University Hygienic Laboratory carried out analyses for pesticides, some total Kjeldahl
nitrogen and bacteria analysis.
Quality Control
Quality control procedures were implemented for all laboratory analyses, field sampling
techniques, and data handling. Bacteriological procedures were performed in accordance
with Standard Methods, utilizing sterilized collection bottles, sterile disposable petri
dishes, and quality media. Incubator temperatures were routinely monitored with
thermometers with National Bureau of Standards certification. Chemical procedures
were performed in accordance with Standard Methods or EPA procedures. Standards
were run within the matrix of the samples at all times. The reagents used were American
Chemical Society certified quality or greater. All instruments involved in analyses were
part of an annual or semi-annual preventive maintenance program.
Physical analyses were run in accordance with Standard Methods. Instruments utilized in
the analyses were part of the preventive maintenance program. Residue weights were
determined on balances that are calibrated yearly. Sampling procedures included
preservation and/or any required special handling as directed in the EPA Quality Control
Manual.
Observations
Hydrologic Conditions
The average impoundment inflow during the twelve month study period was 1,503 cfs
compared to 1,850 cfs in 2004. The greatest inflow (8,130 cfs) occurred on May 20th,
2005 and the greatest outflow occurred on the same day (6,350 cfs) (Table 3, Figure 2
and Figure 3).
Table 3: Minimum, maximum and average flow into and out of the reservoir.
Year 2005 maxima
Year 2005 minima
Year 2005 averages
USGS 05453100 Iowa River at
Marengo, IA
max
min
average
8,130
8,030
8,090
258
247
255
1,644
1,484
1,503
5
USGS 05453520 Iowa River below
Coralville Dam near Coralville, IA
max
min
average
6,350
6,230
6,270
149
133
142
1,735
1,555
1,641
cubic feet per second (cfs)
10000
Maximum
Mean
Minimum
1000
100
12/1
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
4
5
6
5
/2001/1/2002/1/2003/1/2004/1/2005/1/2006/1/2007/1/2008/1/2009/1/2000/1/2001/1/2002/1/2001/1/200
1
1
1
Time (days)
Figure 2: Minimum, maximum and mean impoundment inflow (cubic feet per second).
100000
cubic feet per second (cfs)
10000
Maximum
Minimum
Mean
1000
100
10
004 1/2005 1/20051/2005 1/2005 1/2005 1/2005 1/2005 1/2005 1/2005 1/2005 1/2005 1/2005 1/2006
2
/
1/
2/
1/
3/
4/
5/
6/
7/
8/
9/
1 2 /1
1 1/
1 2/
1 0/
Time (days)
Figure 3: Minimum, maximum and mean impoundment outflow (cubic feet per second).
6
The reservoir pool level ranged from a minimum of 679.31 ft msl (Apr 24th) to a
maximum of 686.8 ft msl on Nov 16th (Figure 4). The pool remained near 683 ft msl from
the beginning of Jan 2005 to the end of Feb 2005. The pool level decreased gradually to
679 ft msl through the first half of Mar 2005 and remained there until the start of May
2005. The pool level increased slightly through May 2005, reaching nearly 686 ft msl,
before dropping and being maintained at 683 ft msl during the summer. In Sep 2005 the
pool gradually increased to 685 ft msl then to 686 ft msl during Oct 2005 then stabilized
for most of Nov 2005 before dropping to 683 ft msl near the beginning of Dec 2005.
695
Pool Level (feet MSL)
690
Pool level
685
680
675
01/0
1/05 2/01/053/01/05 4/01/05 5/01/05 6/01/05 7/01/05 8/01/05 9/01/05 0/01/05 1/01/05 2/01/05 1/01/06
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
Time (Days)
Figure 4: Reservoir pool level (feet msl) versus time in days.
7
Water Temperature
Significance to Water Quality
Temperature data is used to calculate various forms of alkalinity, in the calculation of
salinity and in work involving calcium carbonate saturation and stability. Many
limnological studies require water temperature as a function of depth to be reported.
Discharges of industrial cooling waters that have been warmed to levels too far above the
temperature of the receiving body are regulated to protect sensitive ecosystems.
Analytical Detail
The thermometer to be used should be capable of displaying data to 0.1○C and should
have a minimal thermal capacity to ensure a quick response. Periodically, the
thermometer should be checked against a National Institute of Standards and Technology
certified precision thermometer.
Sampling and Storage
Temperature measurements are performed in the field (in-situ when possible); therefore,
sample storage protocols are not applicable.
Results and Discussion
The water temperature data for all samples in 2005 is shown in Table 4. The minimum
water temperature recorded for all samples was 0.8°C and the maximum was 29.2°C.
The mean water temperature by sampling date in 2005 is shown in Figure 5. Figure 6
shows the year 2005 temperature (ºC) median, minima, maxima, lower quartiles, upper
quartiles and standard deviation of all samples by location. The greatest median value for
water temperature in year 2005 was at the reservoir mid-depth location. Water
temperature data for years 2001-2005 by location (Figure 7) revealed maximum
temperatures at the reservoir surface. Water temperature data for years 2001-2005 by
year (Figure 8) indicates that the median value was greatest for year 2002 and the
broadest range of values was in year 2003. The water temperature mean and standard
deviation for years 2001-2005 for all samples by date is shown in Figure 9.
8
Table 4: Year 2005 water temperature data (°C) for all samples.
Date
Upstream
Reservoir
Surface
Reservoir
Mid-depth
Reservoir
Bottom
1/27/2005
0.8
2.6
1.4
1.6
2/28/2005
3.8
7.7
4.9
5.5
3/18/2005
3.9
7.8
5.6
8.9
3/26/2005
6.3
11.9
5.7
7.6
4/23/2005
13.6
13.1
12.9
13.0
4/30/2005
11.7
13.9
11.8
12.0
5/21/2005
17.1
18.1
18.0
17.9
5/28/2005
17.8
19.1
18.7
18.0
6/1/2005
19.8
20.5
21.6
20.1
6/6/2005
22.8
23.9
26.6
24.2
6/10/2005
25.3
25.4
25.4
29.2
7/15/2005
29.1
28.2
28.8
27.8
7/22/2005
28.9
29.1
28.9
28.3
7/28/2005
25.4
26.7
26.6
26.4
8/10/2005
28.1
28.3
27.6
27.1
8/17/2005
25.8
26.4
26.1
25.3
8/25/2005
23.0
24.7
24.9
25.4
9/8/2005
25.3
26.2
24.4
24.2
9/15/2005
20.7
23.7
23.8
23.7
10/13/2005
15.9
17.5
16.0
15.5
11/3/2005
11.3
15.3
12.5
15.4
12/9/2005
2.2
3.5
na
na
Minimum
0.8
2.6
1.4
1.6
Maximum
29.1
29.1
28.9
29.2
Mean
17.2
18.8
18.7
18.9
Median
18.8
19.8
21.6
20.1
If displayed, “na” means datum not available due to analysis error or other reason
If displayed, “<” means datum below detection level
9
Downstream
2.0
3.4
5.6
9.3
16.8
12.2
19.0
20.4
19.8
22.7
24.9
27.2
27.1
25.9
26.7
25.3
24.3
25.9
22.3
17.7
13.6
2.2
2.0
27.2
17.9
20.1
35
30
o
Temperature ( C)
25
20
15
10
5
0
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Jan
Figure 5: Year 2005 mean water temperature (ºC) with standard deviation for all sample
locations by date.
40
o
Temperature ( C)
30
20
10
0
-10
Upstre
am
urface s. Mid-depth
Re s . S
Re
Re s . B
ottom
Downs
tream
Figure 6: Year 2005 water temperature (ºC) median, minima, maxima, lower quartiles,
upper quartiles and standard deviation of all samples by location.
10
40
o
Temperature ( C)
30
20
10
0
-10
Up s
m
trea
R
rvoir
ese
Su r
face
R
d -d
r Mi
rvoi
e
s
e
epth
e
Res
ttom
r Bo
rvoi
nstr
Dow
eam
Figure 7: Years 2001-2005 water temperature (ºC) medians, minima, maxima, lower
quartiles, upper quartiles and standard deviation for all samples by location.
40
Temperature (oC)
30
20
10
0
-10
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
Figure 8: Years 2001-2005 water temperature (ºC) medians, minima, maxima, lower
quartiles, upper quartiles and standard deviation for all samples by year.
11
40
Temperature (oC)
30
20
10
0
-10
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
Figure 9: Years 2001-2005 water temperature (ºC) mean and standard deviation for all
samples by date.
Total Suspended Solids
Significance to Water Quality
Solid matter can be suspended or dissolved in water or wastewater and water of effluent
quality can be impacted by solids in a number of ways. Waters with high dissolved
solids generally have poor taste; therefore, a limit of 500 mg/L is desirable for drinking
water. Waters high in suspended solids may be undesirable for contact sports or
recreational bathing. Solids analyses are important for biological and physical
wastewater treatment operations and wastewater effluent solids levels are regulated by
the federal government.
The term “total solids” is applied to the material residue left behind after evaporation of a
sample resulting from specified drying procedures in an oven. “Total suspended solids”
is the component in total solids that is retained by a filter. “Total dissolved solids” is the
fraction that passes through the filter.
Analytical Detail
Sources of error and variability include sampling, subsampling and pipeting two-phase
and three-phase waters. Some samples form a crust upon drying that may prevent water
evaporation. Use of magnetic stir bars should be avoided when samples contain magnetic
particles. The drying temperature impacts the results greatly and samples should be
desiccated immediately after removal from the oven. Some samples may be stronger
desiccants than those used in the desiccator which may cause a sample to absorb water.
Residues dried at 103-105○C may retain mechanically occluded water and water of
crystallization making constant weight attainment and slow process. Samples should be
analyzed in duplicate for quality assurance purposes.
12
For this project, a well-mixed sample is filtered through a weighed standard glass-fiber
filter and the residue retained on the filter is dried to a constant weight at 103 to 105○C.
The increase in weight of the filter represents the total suspended solids. If the suspended
material clogs the filter and prolongs filtration, it is sometimes necessary to increase the
diameter of the filter or decreased the sample volume. Precision: Standard Methods
reports the standard deviation as 5.2 mg/L at 15 mg/L and 24 mg/L at 242 mg/L. Singlelab duplicate analyses of 50 water and wastewater samples were made with a standard
deviation of differences of 2.8 mg/L.
Sampling and Storage
Resistant-glass or plastic bottles that minimize suspension adherence should be used and
the analysis should begin as soon as possible due to the impractical nature of sample
preservation. The samples should be stored at 4○C up to the time of analysis to minimize
microbial degradation of the solids.
Results and Discussion
The year 2005 total suspended solids (TSS) raw data for all samples is shown in Table 5.
The median value of 124 mg/L for the upstream location is quite high in comparison to
the other sampling sites. The year 2005 total suspended solids mean and standard
deviation for all samples by date is shown in Figure 10. The year 2005 total suspended
solids values for all samples by location (Figure 11) indicates the reservoir is a suspended
solids trap with greater TSS values upstream relative to the reservoir and downstream
locations. The greater water velocities at the upstream location result in elevated TSS
values. The greatest total suspended solids value for years 2001-2005 (Figure 12) was at
the upstream location at 727 mg/L on Aug 5, 2004. Total suspended solids analysis for
all samples for years 2001-2005 (Figure 13) indicates that the greatest median value
occurred in 2002. The total suspended solids mean and standard deviation for all samples
by date for years 2001-2005 is shown in Figure 14.
13
Table 5: Year 2005 total suspended solids raw data for all samples.
Date
Upstream
Reservoir
Surface
Reservoir
Mid-depth
Reservoir
Bottom
1/27/2005
<10
<10
<10
<10
2/28/2005
70
18
25
25
3/18/2005
50
26
32
46
3/26/2005
48
34
32
36
4/23/2005
230
51
60
58
4/30/2005
150
17
12
<10
5/21/2005
92
33
30
32
5/28/2005
261
71
70
76
6/1/2005
164
28
70
45
6/6/2005
372
31
40
38
6/10/2005
140
22
152
78
7/15/2005
201
19
32
137
7/22/2005
169
19
24
126
7/28/2005
221
39
56
58
8/10/2005
87
13
32
69
8/17/2005
124
<10
28
76
8/25/2005
239
34
50
43
9/8/2005
80
10
13
26
9/15/2005
114
27
17
28
10/13/2005
115
11
20
48
11/3/2005
25
15
15
20
12/9/2005
16
11
na
na
Minimum
<10
<10
<10
<10
Maximum
372
71
152
137
Mean
141
26
41
56
Median
124
24
32
46
If displayed, “na” means datum not available due to analysis error or other reason
If displayed, “<” means datum below detection level
14
Downstream
<10
38
14
30
48
11
32
68
46
54
32
31
25
26
19
31
35
23
17
16
11
16
<10
68
30
30
Total suspended solids (mg/L)
400
300
200
100
0
-100
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Jan
Figure 10: Year 2005 total suspended solids (TSS mg/L) mean and standard deviation for
all samples by date.
Total suspended solids (mg/L)
400
300
200
100
0
am
om
pth
ace
am
Upstre Res. SurfRes. Mid-de Res. Bott Downstre
Figure 11: Year 2005 total suspended solids (TSS mg/L) median, minima, maxima, lower
quartiles, upper quartiles and standard deviation of all samples by location.
15
800
TSS (mg/L)
600
400
200
0
h
m
ce
am
ream
dept
Botto
Surfa
nstre
Upst
MidRes.
Res.
Dow
Res.
Figure 12: Years 2001-2005 total suspended solids (TSS mg/L) median, minima, maxima,
lower quartiles, upper quartiles and standard deviation by sample location.
800
TSS (mg/L)
600
400
200
0
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
Figure 13: Years 2001-2005 total suspended solids (TSS mg/L) median, minima, maxima,
lower quartiles, upper quartiles and standard deviation for all samples by year.
16
Total suspended solids (mg/L)
800
600
400
200
0
-200
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
Figure 14: Years 2001-2005 total suspended solids (TSS mg/L) mean and standard
deviation for all samples by date.
Dissolved Oxygen
Significance to Water Quality
The Iowa class “B” (WW) standard states that dissolved oxygen shall not be less than 5
mg/L at any time. This standard applies to the upper layer of stratification in a reservoir
or lake. The dissolved oxygen levels in natural and wastewaters depend on the physical,
chemical, and biochemical activities occurring in the water.
Analytical Detail
A Hydrolab Quanta-G (Hach Company) multisensor probe was utilized to measure
dissolved oxygen (DO) and other water characteristics. The membrane electrode method
is described in SM 4500-O G. The Hydrolab DO membrane was replaced and the sensor
was calibrated at the beginning of each sampling event using distilled water and the
saturated air method.
Sampling and Storage
Sample storage is typically not required since the Quanta-G probe casing is filled with
sample immediately after collection with results recorded in the field. Occasionally, if
the in-situ probe malfunctions, samples are returned to the lab in 300-mL, glass stoppered
BOD bottles for measurement using the azide modified Winkler titration (SM 4500-O
part C). Manganous sulfate and alkaline iodide-azide is added as soon as possible and the
samples are water sealed and stored in the dark for no longer than eight hours prior to
titration with sodium thiosulfate and starch indicator solution.
17
Results and Discussion
The Iowa class “B” (WW) standard of 5 mg/L of dissolved oxygen for surface waters
was not violated for any samples collected in 2005 (Table 6). Dissolved oxygen
concentration means in 2005 for the upstream, reservoir surface, reservoir mid-depth,
reservoir bottom and the downstream locations were 9.6, 9.3, 8.5, 7.7, and 9.8 mg/L
respectively compared to 9.3, 9.2, 8.6, 8.1, and 9.8 mg/L respectively in 2004. The year
2005 dissolved oxygen mean and standard deviation for all samples by date is shown in
Figure 15. The year 2005 median values for all samples by location (Figure 16) indicate
that the dissolved oxygen concentration is typically lowest at the reservoir bottom. The
years 2001-2005 dissolved oxygen median values for all samples by location (Figure 17)
also indicates that DO is typically lowest at the reservoir bottom historically and the
range of values measured increases with depth. The years 2001-2005 dissolved oxygen
medians for all samples by year indicate that year 2001 had the lowest values and year
2003 had the widest range of values (Figure 18). The years 2001-2005 dissolved oxygen
mean and standard deviation for all samples by date is shown in Figure 19.
18
Table 6: Year 2005 dissolved oxygen (mg/L) raw data for all samples.
Date
Upstream
Reservoir
Surface
Reservoir
Mid-depth
Reservoir
Bottom
1/27/2005
12.3
15.5
14.7
15.6
2/28/2005
12.8
12.4
12.4
10.9
3/18/2005
11.3
11.4
11.8
12.2
3/26/2005
12.5
11.5
13.0
12.8
4/23/2005
11.7
10.8
11.3
11.5
4/30/2005
9.8
9.3
9.4
9.6
5/21/2005
9.9
8.0
8.3
7.4
5/28/2005
10.1
8.5
8.0
8.2
6/1/2005
9.1
9.7
8.9
9.1
6/6/2005
7.3
7.8
8.0
7.8
6/10/2005
7.7
7.7
7.2
5.6
7/15/2005
6.7
7.0
6.7
5.6
7/22/2005
7.4
7.3
7.3
3.7
7/28/2005
7.4
6.2
6.3
7.3
8/10/2005
7.9
7.8
5.7
2.7
8/17/2005
8.4
8.2
4.7
3.5
8/25/2005
6.8
5.1
7.0
2.5
9/8/2005
7.3
8.5
6.1
5.9
9/15/2005
9.4
6.9
5.8
6.0
10/13/2005
8.9
9.1
6.7
6.4
11/3/2005
13.0
8.8
9.7
8.6
12/9/2005
14.2
17.0
na
na
Minimum
6.7
5.1
4.7
2.5
Maximum
14.2
17.0
14.7
15.6
Mean
9.6
9.3
8.5
7.7
Median
9.3
8.5
8.0
7.4
If displayed, “na” means datum not available due to analysis error or other reason
If displayed, “<” means datum below detection level
Downstream
13.4
18.3
13.0
12.0
11.0
10.4
8.5
8.4
9.8
8.1
8.5
7.2
7.3
7.6
7.6
7.5
7.5
7.7
8.6
8.7
10.1
15.4
7.2
18.3
9.8
8.6
Values in bold font are below the Iowa class “B” (WW) standard of 5 mg/L. This standard applies only to
surface waters.
19
20
18
Dissolved oxygen (mg/L)
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Jan
Figure 15: Year 2005 dissolved oxygen (DO mg/L) mean and standard deviation for all
samples by date.
Dissolved oxygen (mg/L)
20
15
10
5
0
e
Upstr
am
ce
depth
Surfa
MidRes.
Res.
m
Botto
Res.
ns
Dow
tream
Figure 16: Year 2005 dissolved oxygen (DO mg/L) median, minima, maxima, lower
quartiles, upper quartiles and standard deviation for all samples by location.
20
30
25
DO (mg/L)
20
15
10
5
0
rea
Upst
m
S
Res.
e
m
am
depth
urfac
Botto
nstre
MidRes.
Dow
Res.
Figure 17: Years 2001-2005 dissolved oxygen (DO mg/L) median, minima, maxima,
lower quartiles, upper quartiles and standard deviation for all samples by location.
30
25
DO (mg/L)
20
15
10
5
0
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
Figure 18: Years 2001-2005 dissolved oxygen (DO mg/L) medians, minima, maxima,
lower quartiles, upper quartiles and standard deviation for all samples by year.
21
30
25
DO (mg/L)
20
15
10
5
0
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
Figure 19: Years 2001-2005 dissolved oxygen (DO mg/L) mean and standard deviation
for all samples by date.
Biochemical Oxygen Demand
Significance to Water Quality
The biochemical oxygen demand test utilizes standardized laboratory procedures to
determine the relative oxygen needs of various water types (wastewaters, effluents, and
surface waters). This empirical test measures the amount of molecular oxygen consumed
by a sample during a specified incubation period (typically 5 days) and provides an
indication of the ability of microorganisms to degrade carbonaceous compounds in the
sample.
Analytical Detail
The method requires the use of airtight bottles (typically 300 mL) that are filled to
overflowing and subsequently incubated at 20 ± 1°C in complete darkness for 5 days.
The bottles should be cleaned with detergent, rinsed thoroughly and drained before use.
To avoid drawing excess oxygen into the sample during incubation, bottles with a flared
mouth are preferred so a “water seal” can be made around the glass stopper. A plastic
cap is added to the bottles to reduce evaporation of the water seal.
Sampling and Storage
For grab samples, keep sample at or below 4°C and begin analysis within 6 hours of
collection. Chilled samples are warmed to 20 ± 3°C before analysis.
Results and Discussion
The year 2005 biological oxygen demand (BOD5 mg/L) raw data for all samples is shown
in Table 7. Plotting the year 2005 BOD5 mean and standard deviation for all samples by
22
date (Figure 20) reveals that the mean BOD5 was greatest on Dec 9th and lowest on Jun
10th. Figure 21 shows the year 2005 biological oxygen demand median, minima,
maxima, lower quartiles, upper quartiles and standard deviation for all samples by
location. The median BOD5 was lowest at the reservoir bottom in year 2005. An
analysis of the years 2001-2005 BOD5 median, minima, maxima, lower quartiles, upper
quartiles and standard deviation for all samples by location (Figure 22) reveals that the
BOD levels are typically greatest at the upstream and downstream locations. Further
analysis of years 2001-2005 biological oxygen demand median, minima, maxima, lower
quartiles, upper quartiles and standard deviations for all samples by year (Figure 23)
showed that the median BOD5 was greatest in year 2001 and lowest in 2002. In Figure
24, the years 2001-2005 BOD5 mean and standard deviation for all samples by date is
shown.
Table 7: Year 2005 biological oxygen demand (mg/L) raw data for all samples.
Date
Upstream
Reservoir
Surface
Reservoir
Mid-depth
Reservoir
Bottom
1/27/2005
7.4
9.5
8.7
8.9
2/28/2005
5.7
5.9
5.9
5.7
3/18/2005
5.1
6.0
5.6
6.7
3/26/2005
6.4
5.6
6.8
7.0
4/23/2005
7.4
6.2
7.0
7.2
4/30/2005
5.2
5.2
4.9
5.2
5/21/2005
6.6
4.0
4.3
3.5
5/28/2005
4.9
4.2
3.9
4.2
6/1/2005
4.9
5.5
5.1
4.8
6/6/2005
5.3
5.0
5.5
5.0
6/10/2005
3.3
4.0
3.3
3.2
7/15/2005
4.3
3.9
3.8
4.8
7/22/2005
5.3
4.6
5.3
3.1
7/28/2005
6.3
3.2
3.6
6.7
8/10/2005
6.9
5.4
5.0
2.2
8/17/2005
7.6
5.8
3.8
2.7
8/25/2005
6.4
4.2
6.2
1.8
9/8/2005
6.4
7.8
5.3
5.2
9/15/2005
8.6
6.0
4.6
5.1
10/13/2005
5.3
7.2
6.5
5.9
11/3/2005
10.3
7.6
8.2
7.6
12/9/2005
10.8
13.8
na
na
Minimum
3.3
3.2
3.3
1.8
Maximum
10.8
13.8
8.7
8.9
Mean
6.4
5.9
5.4
5.1
Median
6.3
5.5
5.3
5.1
If displayed, “na” means datum not available due to analysis error or other reason
If displayed, “<” means datum below detection level
23
Downstream
8.2
8.1
7.2
4.9
6.5
5.2
4.0
3.5
5.6
4.8
4.1
4.3
4.8
5.2
6.0
5.4
5.6
5.1
6.1
4.9
7.2
12.4
3.5
12.4
5.9
5.3
16
14
BOD5 (mg/L)
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Jan
Figure 20: Year 2005 biological oxygen demand (BOD5 mg/L) mean and standard
deviation for all samples by date.
16
14
BOD5 (mg/L)
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
e
th
m
m
m
rfac
otto
trea
trea
-dep
. Su
s. B
wns
Mid
Ups
e
o
.
s
R
D
Res
Re
Figure 21: Year 2005 biological oxygen demand (BOD5 mg/L) median, minima, maxima,
lower quartiles, upper quartiles and standard deviation for all samples by location.
24
35
30
BOD5 (mg/L)
25
20
15
10
5
0
eam
Upstr
Sur
Res.
face
Res.
Mid-
depth
Bott
Res.
om
am
nstre
Dow
Figure 22: Years 2001-2005 biological oxygen demand (BOD5 mg/L) median, minima,
maxima, lower quartiles, upper quartiles and standard deviation for all samples by
location.
35
30
BOD5 (mg/L)
25
20
15
10
5
0
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
Figure 23: Years 2001-2005 biological oxygen demand (BOD5 mg/L) median, minima,
maxima, lower quartiles, upper quartiles and standard deviations for all samples by year.
25
40
BOD5 (mg/L)
30
20
10
0
-10
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
Figure 24: Years 2001-2005 biological oxygen demand (BOD5 mg/L) mean and standard
deviation for all samples by date.
Carbon Dioxide and pH
Significance to Water Quality
Surface waters normally contain less than 10 mg/L free carbon dioxide, but the actual
concentration can vary greatly depending on pH and consumption by algae. Certain fish
species are more susceptible to elevated CO2 levels than others.
The pH of a water body is one of the most important and frequently reported values in all
of water chemistry. The intensity of the acidic and basic nature of the water body is
indicated by pH. Natural waters usually have pH values between 4 and 9, while most are
slightly basic due to the presence of bicarbonates and carbonates of the alkali and alkaline
earth metals.
Analytical Detail
Carbon dioxide was calculated from principles of equilibrium chemistry and was
measured via titration to the phenolphthalein endpoint (pH 8.3) with sodium hydroxide
(0.0227 N). The test assumes that strong mineral acids (i.e. H2SO4, HCl, HNO3, etc.) are
absent or negligible. Careful handling of the sample reduces carbon dioxide loss due to
aeration during collection or swirling during analysis.
To measure pH, a probe is used to determine the activity of the hydrogen ions in solution
potentiometrically using a standard hydrogen electrode coupled to a reference electrode.
The probe is calibrated with various pH buffers of known hydrogen ion activity. An
electrometric pH probe in a field deployable Hydrolab multiprobe system was utilized for
most of the measurements reported. A Hach 2400 spectrophotometer system with pH
probe was utilized for portions of this work as well. The electrode system is calibrated
26
against solutions of known pH (Fisher Scientific); usually buffers of pH 4, 7 and 10 are
used. The manufacturer’s recommendations for storage and preparation of the electrodes
and meters are always followed. Electrodes are kept wet in storage solution when not in
use. Before use, the electrode is removed from the storage solution, rinsed, and blotted
dry with a lab wipe before placement in the initial calibration buffer. After the reading is
recorded by the pH meter, the subsequent buffers are measured with electrode rinsing and
blotting performed between each measurement. During sample analysis, equilibrium is
established between the electrode and sample with the aid of minimal stirring to avoid
excessive introduction of carbon dioxide. Once equilibration has been achieved, the pH
reading is recorded.
Sampling and Storage
The samples were collected in clean plastic bottles, filled completely and capped tightly.
Excessive agitation and exposure to air was avoided. Samples were chilled immediately
and analyzed within eight hours of collection.
Results and Discussion
The raw data for carbon dioxide measurements completed in year 2005 are shown in
Table 8. As shown in Figure 25, the greatest carbon dioxide concentrations occurred in
late Feb 2005. Figure 26 shows year 2005 CO2 concentration median, minima, maxima,
lower quartiles, upper quartiles and standard deviation for all samples by location. In
general, carbon dioxide concentrations are greatest at the upstream and reservoir bottom
locations. The years 2001-2005 CO2 concentration median, minima, maxima, lower
quartiles, upper quartiles and standard deviation for all samples by sample location
(Figure 27) indicates that carbon dioxide concentrations are typically greatest at the
reservoir bottom and that values can vary substantially. Figure 28 shows that carbon
dioxide median concentrations were greatest in year 2004 and most variable in year 2003
for the 2001-2005 time span. The years 2001-2005 carbon dioxide concentration mean
and standard deviation for all samples by date is shown in Figure 29.
The raw pH data for year 2005 (Table 9) shows the greatest median pH value was at the
upstream and reservoir surface location (8.24). Figure 30 shows that the lowest sampling
event specific mean pH values were recorded in Feb of 2005. The year 2005 pH median,
minima, maxima, lower quartiles, upper quartiles and standard deviation for all samples
by location (Figure 31) affirms that the reservoir surface location had the highest range in
pH value, even when the median was similar to the upstream location. The years 20012005 median pH values (Figure 32) vary slightly with the minimum value occurring at
the reservoir bottom and the maximum value occurring at the reservoir surface. The
years 2001-2005 pH median, minima, maxima, lower quartiles, upper quartiles and
standard deviation values for all samples by year (Figure 33) show that the pH median
was greatest in year 2003 and was lowest in year 2004. The years 2001-2005 pH means
and standard deviations by date are shown in Figure 34.
27
Table 8: Year 2005 carbon dioxide (mg/L) measured data for all samples.
Date
Upstream
Reservoir
Surface
Reservoir
Mid-depth
Reservoir
Bottom
1/27/2005
4.5
6.0
11.0
20.5
2/28/2005
20.0
22.5
20.0
20.0
3/18/2005
19.5
13.0
12.0
5.5
3/26/2005
6.0
10.0
18.5
20.0
4/23/2005
15.0
20.0
18.0
16.5
4/30/2005
15.5
9.5
14.5
20.0
5/21/2005
4.0
4.5
10.0
6.5
5/28/2005
<1.0
<1.0
<1.0
<1.0
6/1/2005
<1.0
<1.0
<1.0
<1.0
6/6/2005
<1.0
<1.0
<1.0
<1.0
6/10/2005
<1.0
<1.0
<1.0
2.0
7/15/2005
<1.0
<1.0
<1.0
<1.0
7/22/2005
<1.0
<1.0
<1.0
4.5
7/28/2005
<1.0
1.5
2.0
<1.0
8/10/2005
<1.0
<1.0
<1.0
6.0
8/17/2005
<1.0
<1.0
6.5
7.5
8/25/2005
<1.0
<1.0
2.5
3.0
9/8/2005
<1.0
<1.0
6.5
7.5
9/15/2005
<1.0
<1.0
1.5
1.5
10/13/2005
<1.0
<1.0
4.0
5.0
11/3/2005
<1.0
<1.0
<1.0
<1.0
12/9/2005
7.5
<1.0
na
na
Minimum
<1.0
<1.0
<1.0
<1.0
Maximum
20
22.5
20
20.5
Mean
na
na
na
na
Median
na
na
na
na
If displayed, “na” means datum not available due to analysis error or other reason
If displayed, “<” means datum below detection level
28
Downstream
4.5
17.5
3.0
13.0
24.0
20.0
8.9
<1.0
<1.0
<1.0
<1.0
<1.0
<1.0
<1.0
<1.0
1.9
<1.0
<1.0
<1.0
1.0
<1.0
<1.0
<1.0
24
na
na
100
Calculated CO2 (mg/L)
80
60
40
20
0
-20
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Jan
Figure 25: Year 2005 carbon dioxide (CO2 mg/L) mean and standard deviation for all
samples by date.
100
Calculated CO2 (mg/L)
80
60
40
20
0
eam
Upstr
h
ce
dept
Surfa
MidRes.
Res.
m
Botto
Res.
am
nstre
Dow
Figure 26: Year 2005 carbon dioxide (CO2 mg/L) median, minima, maxima, lower
quartiles, upper quartiles and standard deviation for all samples by location.
29
100
Calculated CO2 (mg/L)
80
60
40
20
0
re
Upst
am
h
ce
dept
Surfa
MidRes.
Res.
m
am
Botto
nstre
Res.
Dow
Figure 27: Years 2001-2005 carbon dioxide (CO2 mg/L) median, minima, maxima, lower
quartiles, upper quartiles and standard deviation for all samples by sample location.
100
Calculated CO2 (mg/L)
80
60
40
20
0
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
Figure 28: Years 2001-2005 carbon dioxide (CO2 mg/L) medians, minima, maxima,
lower quartiles, upper quartiles and standard deviation for all samples by year.
30
80
CO2 (mg/L)
60
40
20
0
-20
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
Figure 29: Years 2001-2005 carbon dioxide (CO2 mg/L) mean and standard deviation for
all samples by date.
31
Table 9: Year 2005 pH raw data for all samples.
Date
Upstream
Reservoir
Surface
Reservoir
Mid-depth
Reservoir
Bottom
1/27/2005
7.35
7.52
7.58
7.52
2/28/2005
7.63
7.62
7.53
7.43
3/18/2005
7.90
7.75
7.90
7.83
3/26/2005
7.87
7.53
7.97
8.00
4/23/2005
7.73
7.38
7.69
7.66
4/30/2005
7.76
7.27
7.67
7.63
5/21/2005
7.44
6.95
7.50
7.42
5/28/2005
7.63
7.66
7.92
7.83
6/1/2005
8.48
8.17
8.06
8.03
6/6/2005
7.76
8.60
8.24
8.13
6/10/2005
8.28
7.99
7.96
7.55
7/15/2005
8.20
8.33
8.34
7.96
7/22/2005
8.31
8.45
8.18
8.07
7/28/2005
8.29
8.19
8.24
8.30
8/10/2005
9.21
8.50
8.43
8.02
8/17/2005
9.11
8.54
8.02
7.66
8/25/2005
9.20
8.51
7.91
8.07
9/8/2005
8.90
8.93
7.45
7.78
9/15/2005
8.65
8.37
8.18
7.76
10/13/2005
8.50
8.72
7.98
7.99
11/3/2005
8.73
8.44
8.28
8.30
12/9/2005
7.78
8.28
na
na
Minimum
7.35
6.72
7.45
7.42
Maximum
9.21
8.93
8.43
8.30
Mean
7.93
7.60
7.86
7.78
Median
8.24
8.24
7.97
7.83
If displayed, “na” means datum not available due to analysis error or other reason
If displayed, “<” means datum below detection level
32
Downstream
7.89
7.60
8.16
8.11
7.70
7.91
7.63
7.99
7.82
8.02
7.60
8.17
8.44
8.24
8.42
8.30
8.34
8.22
8.66
8.18
8.42
8.36
7.60
8.66
8.00
8.17
9.5
9.0
pH
8.5
8.0
7.5
7.0
6.5
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Jan
Figure 30: Year 2005 pH mean and standard deviation for all samples by date.
9.5
9.0
pH
8.5
8.0
7.5
7.0
6.5
am
Upstre
urface s. Mid-depth
Res. S
Re
ottom
Res. B
tr
Downs
eam
Figure 31: Year 2005 pH median, minima, maxima, lower quartiles, upper quartiles and
standard deviation for all samples by location.
33
11
10
pH
9
8
7
6
Upstr
eam
Re s .
Surfa
ce
Re s .
Mid-
depth
Res.
m
Botto
nstre
Do w
am
Figure 32: Years 2001-2005 pH median, minima, maxima, lower quartiles, upper
quartiles and standard deviation for all samples by location.
11
10
pH
9
8
7
6
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
Figure 33: Years 2001-2005 pH median, minima, maxima, lower quartiles, upper
quartiles and standard deviation for all samples by year.
34
9.5
9.0
pH
8.5
8.0
7.5
7.0
6.5
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
Figure 34: Years 2001-2005 pH mean and standard deviation for all samples by date.
Alkalinity
Significance to Water Quality
The acid-neutralizing capacity (or sum of all titratable bases) of a water is the alkalinity.
Alkalinity is an aggregate measurement of several chemical constituents, mainly
carbonate, bicarbonate, and hydroxide in surface waters.
Analytical Detail
Phenolphthalein alkalinity was determined potentiometrically by the low-alkalinity
method (SM 2320B ¶ 4d).
Sampling and Storage
The samples were collected in clean plastic bottles, filled completely and capped tightly.
Excessive agitation and exposure to air was avoided. Samples were chilled immediately
and analyzed within eight hours of collection.
Results and Discussion
The raw total alkalinity data for year 2005 (Table 10) shows the lowest median
concentration was 218 mg/L as CaCO3 at the reservoir surface location. The greatest
single measured concentration was 272 mg/L as CaCO3 at the upstream location on Dec
9th. The year 2005 total alkalinity mean and standard deviation for all samples by date
(Figure 35) shows the lowest alkalinity concentrations were in August and September.
The year 2005 total alkalinity median, minima, maxima, lower quartiles, upper quartiles
and standard deviation for all samples by location is shown in Figure 36 which reveals
the upstream location as having the greatest total alkalinity median concentrations. For
the 2001-2005 period, the total alkalinity median for all samples by location was also
greatest at the upstream location (Figure 37). The years 2001-2005 total alkalinity
35
median, minima, maxima, lower quartiles, upper quartiles and standard deviation values
for all samples by year (Figure 38) show that total alkalinity was greatest in year 2003
and lowest in year 2004. The years 2001-2005 total alkalinity mean and standard
deviation for all samples by date is shown in Figure 39.
Table 10: Year 2005 total alkalinity (mg/L as CaCO3) raw data for all samples.
Date
Upstream
Reservoir
Surface
Reservoir
Mid-depth
Reservoir
Bottom
1/27/2005
252
248
256
266
2/28/2005
238
208
204
208
3/18/2005
244
240
234
242
3/26/2005
226
230
230
220
4/23/2005
238
222
222
222
4/30/2005
240
230
230
228
5/21/2005
214
204
202
202
5/28/2005
240
230
230
234
6/1/2005
236
230
226
222
6/6/2005
206
232
232
246
6/10/2005
224
232
208
216
7/15/2005
236
248
234
242
7/22/2005
224
242
240
244
7/28/2005
212
202
204
200
8/10/2005
104
214
230
240
8/17/2005
108
150
124
124
8/25/2005
102
136
138
136
9/8/2005
126
126
126
132
9/15/2005
124
130
134
130
10/13/2005
270
144
150
160
11/3/2005
238
186
190
194
12/9/2005
272
176
na
na
Minimum
102
126
124
124
Maximum
272
248
256
266
Mean
208
203
202
205
Median
231
218
222
220
If displayed, “na” means datum not available due to analysis error or other reason
If displayed, “<” means datum below detection level
36
Downstream
248
188
238
236
224
226
190
222
224
232
216
224
236
226
216
194
164
132
136
134
148
184
132
248
202
219
Tot. Alkalinity as CaCO3 (mg/L)
300
250
200
150
100
50
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Jan
Figure 35: Year 2005 total alkalinity mean and standard deviation for all samples by
date.
Tot. Alkalinity as CaCO3 (mg/L)
300
250
200
150
100
50
eam
Upstr
h
ce
dept
Surfa
MidRes.
Res.
m
Botto
Res.
am
nstre
Dow
Figure 36: Year 2005 total alkalinity median, minima, maxima, lower quartiles, upper
quartiles and standard deviation for all samples by location.
37
Tot. Alkalinity (mg/L as CaCO3)
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
re
Upst
am
h
ce
dept
Surfa
MidRes.
Res.
m
am
Botto
nstre
Res.
Dow
Figure 37: Years 2001-2005 total alkalinity median, minima, maxima, lower quartiles,
upper quartiles and standard deviations for all samples by location.
Tot. Alkalinity (mg/L as CaCO3)
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
Figure 38: Years 2001-2005 total alkalinity median, minima, maxima, lower quartiles,
upper quartiles and standard deviation for all samples by year.
38
Tot. Alkalinity (mg/L as CaCO3)
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
Figure 39: Years 2001-2005 total alkalinity mean and standard deviation for all samples
by date.
Hardness
Significance to Water Quality
Total hardness is defined today as the sum of the calcium and magnesium concentrations,
expressed in mg/L as CaCO3. Historically, hardness was described as the capacity of
water to precipitate soap. Hardness is a factor in Iowa waters, both surface waters and
groundwater, which frequently come into contact with geological formations of limestone
or dolomite leading to high concentrations of calcium and magnesium. Hard water in our
homes causes scaling problems and poor detergent performance and can create a
somewhat “chalky” tasting drinking water.
Analytical Detail
Total hardness is analyzed via SM 2340-C which is an ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid
(EDTA) titration method utilizing an Eriochrome Black T dye indicator. The analysis is
performed conveniently and accurately with the Hach digital titrator system (Hach
Method 8213) with a 0.800 M EDTA cartridge and ManVer 2 Hardness Indicator Powder
Pillow. The sample is initially buffered to pH 10.1, then the indicator is added forming a
red complex. As the last of the complexed calcium and magnesium ions are titrated with
EDTA, the indicator color changes to blue.
Calcium hardness is determined via SM 3500-Ca B which is also an EDTA titration
method, but a different indicator dye is used to determine the endpoint. Hach Method
8204 is used. Initially, the sample is made alkaline (pH 12-13) with hydroxide solution
to precipitate available magnesium. Much of the available calcium is bound by CalVer 2
indicator which forms a pink-red color when added. The EDTA reacts with the free
39
calcium ions first and then with the complexed calcium ions causing a color change to
blue.
Sampling and Storage
The samples are collected in polyethylene containers and may be held up to seven days
prior to analysis if refrigerated and acidified with nitric acid (final pH 2.0). Before
analysis, the pH should be brought to 7.0 with ammonium hydroxide. For this project,
hardness is always determined within eight hours of sample collection with no special
preservation techniques beyond refrigeration.
Results and Discussion
The raw data for calcium hardness concentrations for all samples in year 2005 is shown
in Table 11. The year 2005 calcium hardness mean and standard deviation values for all
samples by date is shown in Figure 40. Calcium hardness concentrations peaked in the
summer months in year 2005. Figure 41 shows the median calcium hardness
concentration was lowest (178 mg/L as CaCO3) at the reservoir surface location and
greatest (207 mg/L as CaCO3) at the upstream location in 2005. Figure 42 shows the
years 2001-2005 calcium hardness median, minima, maxima, lower quartiles, upper
quartiles and standard deviations for all samples by location. The calcium hardness
median concentration was greatest at the upstream location for this time period. Figure
43 shows the years 2001-2005 calcium hardness median, minima, maxima, lower
quartiles, upper quartiles and standard deviations for all samples by year. The greatest
median calcium hardness concentration was in 2005 and the lowest was in 2004 for that
time period. Figure 44 shows the mean and standard deviation of calcium hardness for
all samples collected form 2001-2005.
40
Table 11: Year 2005 calcium hardness (mg/L as CaCO3) raw data for all samples.
Date
Upstream
Reservoir
Surface
Reservoir
Mid-depth
Reservoir
Bottom
1/27/2005
220
200
210
216
2/28/2005
200
164
168
166
3/18/2005
220
212
202
206
3/26/2005
114
84
104
94
4/23/2005
218
186
112
94
4/30/2005
238
236
218
214
5/21/2005
268
208
242
226
5/28/2005
216
210
224
228
6/1/2005
204
214
234
214
6/6/2005
246
252
250
244
6/10/2005
258
244
242
242
7/15/2005
210
212
218
216
7/22/2005
190
210
212
204
7/28/2005
160
170
178
184
8/10/2005
72
170
190
200
8/17/2005
64
114
98
100
8/25/2005
54
106
104
120
9/8/2005
72
94
94
94
9/15/2005
98
100
100
100
10/13/2005
260
96
98
120
11/3/2005
186
140
150
144
12/9/2005
220
122
na
na
Minimum
54
84
94
94
Maximum
268
252
250
244
Mean
181
170
174
173
Median
207
178
190
200
If displayed, “na” means datum not available due to analysis error or other reason
If displayed, “<” means datum below detection level
41
Downstream
210
150
200
96
62
210
196
224
208
256
240
204
208
200
180
172
134
110
112
102
116
126
62
256
169
188
Calcium Hardness as CaCO3 (mg/L)
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Jan
Figure 40: Year 2005 calcium hardness mean and standard deviation for all samples by
date.
Calcium Hardness as CaCO3 (mg/L)
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
eam
Upstr
h
ce
dept
Surfa
MidRes.
Res.
m
Botto
Res.
am
nstre
Dow
Figure 41: Year 2005 calcium hardness median, minima, maxima, lower quartiles, upper
quartiles and standard deviation for all samples by location.
42
Calcium Hardness (mg/L as CaCO3)
400
300
200
100
0
re
Upst
am
h
ce
dept
Surfa
MidRes.
Res.
m
am
Botto
nstre
Res.
Dow
Figure 42: Years 2001-2005 calcium hardness median, minima, maxima, lower quartiles,
upper quartiles and standard deviations for all samples by location.
Calcium Hardness (mg/L as CaCO3)
400
300
200
100
0
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
Figure 43: Years 2001-2005 calcium hardness median, minima, maxima, lower quartiles,
upper quartiles and standard deviations for all samples by year.
43
Calcium Hardness (mg/L as CaCO3)
400
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
Figure 44: Years 2001-2005 calcium hardness mean and standard deviation for all
samples by date.
The year 2005 total hardness concentration raw data is shown in Table 12. The yearly
mean values by location were 277 mg/L upstream, 264 mg/L reservoir surface, 265 mg/L
reservoir mid-depth, 269 mg/L reservoir bottom, and 265 mg/L downstream. This
compares to 265 mg/L upstream, 240 mg/L reservoir surface, 236 mg/L reservoir middepth, 230 mg/L reservoir bottom, and 234 mg/L downstream in 2004. Total hardness
concentration mean and standard deviation over time in 2005 is shown in Figure 45. A
plot of the year 2005 total hardness medians, minima, maxima, lower quartiles, upper
quartiles and standard deviations for all samples by location (Figure 46) shows the
greatest median value at the upstream location and lowest median value at the reservoir
mid-depth location. Figure 47 shows the years 2001-2005 total hardness median,
minima, maxima, lower quartiles, upper quartiles and standard deviations for all samples
by location. The total hardness median value was greatest at the upstream location and
lowest at the downstream location. Figure 48 shows the years 2001-2005 total hardness
median, minima, maxima, lower quartiles, upper quartiles and standard deviations for all
samples by year. The lowest median total hardness concentration during this time period
occurred in the year 2004. The years 2001-2005 total hardness mean and standard
deviation for all samples by date is shown in Figure 49.
44
Table 12: Year 2005 total hardness (mg/L as CaCO3) raw data for all samples.
Date
Upstream
Reservoir
Surface
Reservoir
Mid-depth
Reservoir
Bottom
01/27/05
320
290
322
322
02/28/05
292
246
246
256
03/18/05
324
308
300
310
03/26/05
282
260
266
272
04/23/05
330
324
272
316
04/30/05
324
306
302
308
05/21/05
284
252
264
256
05/28/05
300
296
286
306
06/01/05
306
294
306
292
06/06/05
340
350
366
366
06/10/05
358
344
342
340
07/15/05
304
312
306
302
07/22/05
290
312
308
300
07/28/05
262
258
272
258
08/10/05
176
296
280
300
08/17/05
144
200
176
176
08/25/05
136
184
170
170
09/08/05
170
160
174
176
09/15/05
162
176
172
172
10/13/05
350
180
190
204
11/03/05
300
236
240
246
12/09/05
340
228
na
na
Minimum
136
160
170
170
Maximum
358
350
366
366
Mean
277
264
265
269
Median
300
275
272
292
If displayed, “na” means datum not available due to analysis error or other reason
If displayed, “<” means datum below detection level
45
Downstream
300
246
304
270
242
300
250
296
288
376
350
290
308
286
280
250
220
180
184
184
196
230
180
376
265
275
Tot. Hardness (mg/L as CaCO3)
400
350
300
250
200
150
100
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Jan
Figure 45: Year 2005 total hardness mean and standard deviation for all samples by
date.
Tot. Hardness (mg/L as CaCO3)
400
350
300
250
200
150
100
eam
Upstr
h
ce
dept
Surfa
MidRes.
Res.
m
Botto
Res.
am
nstre
Dow
Figure 46: Year 2005 total hardness medians, minima, maxima, lower quartiles, upper
quartiles and standard deviations for all samples by location.
46
Tot. Hardness (mg/L as CaCO3)
450
400
350
300
250
200
150
100
re
Upst
am
h
ce
dept
Surfa
MidRes.
Res.
m
am
Botto
nstre
Res.
Dow
Figure 47: Years 2001-2005 total hardness median, minima, maxima, lower quartiles,
upper quartiles and standard deviations for all samples by location.
Tot. Hardness (mg/L as CaCO3)
450
400
350
300
250
200
150
100
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
Figure 48: Years 2001-2005 total hardness median, minima, maxima, lower quartiles,
upper quartiles and standard deviations for all samples by year.
47
Tot. Hardness (mg/L as CaCO3)
450
400
350
300
250
200
150
100
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
Figure 49: Years 2001-2005 total hardness mean and standard deviation for all samples
by date.
Total Organic Carbon
Significance to Water Quality
The organic carbon in water and wastewater is composed of various organic compounds
in several oxidation states. Many of the carbon compounds can be oxidized by biological
or chemical processes. Biological oxygen demand (BOD), assimilable organic carbon,
and chemical oxygen demand (COD) are useful techniques to characterize various
organic carbon fractions, but total organic carbon is simple and convenient to measure
and is many times done in lieu of other tests.
Results and Discussion
Table 13 shows the raw total organic carbon (TOC) data for the year 2005 for all
locations. The mean TOC concentrations were 8.2 mg/L upstream, 4.2 mg/L reservoir
surface, 4.1 mg/L reservoir mid-depth, 4.3 mg/L reservoir bottom, and 3.8 mg/L
downstream. Figure 50 shows the year 2005 total organic carbon concentration mean and
standard deviation for all sample locations by date. The TOC concentrations vary
somewhat by location (Figure 51) with the greatest median concentration at the upstream
location and the lowest median concentration at the downstream location. The greatest
median TOC concentration by location for all samples analyzed in years 2001-2005 was
at the upstream location (Figure 52) and the greatest median value by year for all samples
collected in years 2001-2005 was in 2004 (Figure 53). The years 2001-2005 total organic
carbon means and standard deviation values for all samples by date are shown in Figure
54.
48
Table 13: Year 2005 total organic carbon (mg/L) raw data for all samples.
Date
Upstream
Reservoir
Surface
Reservoir
Mid-depth
Reservoir
Bottom
1/27/2005
1.3
3.3
4.0
2.6
2/28/2005
0.4
0.9
1.0
0.8
3/18/2005
2.4
1.3
2.9
1.8
3/26/2005
2.1
3.3
4.1
7.3
4/23/2005
8.0
4.9
3.7
3.4
4/30/2005
7.1
5.6
3.4
5.9
5/21/2005
5.2
4.4
5.1
3.8
5/28/2005
14.3
3.5
3.1
3.2
6/1/2005
5.7
3.5
3.3
2.6
6/6/2005
12.7
2.5
2.3
5.1
6/10/2005
6.7
4.6
4.0
5.0
7/15/2005
12.7
2.4
7.8
4.7
7/22/2005
4.5
2.6
3.2
4.8
7/28/2005
4.6
6.3
2.2
1.8
8/10/2005
13.6
2.9
4.3
3.9
8/17/2005
11.4
4.0
5.2
5.8
8/25/2005
15.4
4.1
4.0
4.5
9/8/2005
18.5
4.8
4.3
4.7
9/15/2005
17.1
6.4
6.9
6.1
10/13/2005
5.1
5.5
6.4
9.7
11/3/2005
4.1
6.3
4.0
3.3
12/9/2005
6.8
8.2
na
na
Minimum
0.4
0.9
1.0
0.8
Maximum
18.5
8.2
7.8
9.7
Mean
8.2
4.2
4.1
4.3
Median
6.8
4.1
4.0
4.5
If displayed, “na” means datum not available due to analysis error or other reason
If displayed, “<” means datum below detection level
49
Downstream
2.4
4.1
7.4
1.8
2.4
3.2
2.9
3.5
2.7
3.8
4.2
2.5
3.6
1.2
1.8
4.8
4.4
5.4
4.9
5.3
3.1
7.9
1.2
7.9
3.8
3.6
20
TOC (mg/L)
15
10
5
0
-5
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Jan
Figure 50: Year 2005 total organic carbon mean and standard deviation for all samples
by date.
20
TOC (mg/L)
15
10
5
0
Upstr
ea m
Re s .
Surfa
ce
Re s .
Mid-
depth
Res.
m
Botto
nstre
Do w
am
Figure 51: Year 2003 total organic carbon (TOC mg/L) median, minima, maxima, lower
quartiles, upper quartiles and standard deviations for all samples by location.
50
25
20
TOC (mg/L)
15
10
5
0
Upstr
eam
Re s .
Surfa
ce
Re s .
Mid-
depth
Res.
m
Botto
nstre
Do w
am
Figure 52: Years 2001-2005 total organic carbon median, minima, maxima, lower
quartiles, upper quartiles and standard deviations for all samples by location.
25
20
TOC (mg/L)
15
10
5
0
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
Figure 53: Years 2001-2005 total organic carbon median, minima, maxima, lower
quartiles, upper quartiles and standard deviations for all samples by year.
51
20
TOC (mg/L)
15
10
5
0
-5
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
Figure 54: Years 2001-2005 total organic carbon means and standard deviation for all
samples by date.
Nitrogen
Significance to Water Quality
For surface waters the nitrogen forms of greatest interest are nitrate, nitrite, ammonia and
organic nitrogen. The forms of nitrogen, as well as molecular nitrogen (N2), are
components of the natural nitrogen cycle and are biochemically interconvertible. Organic
nitrogen is defined as organically bound nitrogen in the trinegative oxidation state and,
therefore, does not include all organic nitrogen compounds. Typically, organic nitrogen
and ammonia are determined together using the “Kjeldahl nitrogen” test procedure.
Proteins, peptides, nucleic acids and urea are a few components of organic nitrogen.
Organic nitrogen concentrations vary from sub-milligram per liter values in oligotrophic
lakes and streams to more than 20 mg/L in wastewater.
Nitrate typically occurs at trace levels in surface water, but due to heavy agricultural
activities, the levels are much higher in most Iowa surface waters. A limit of 10 mg/L
has been placed on finished drinking water supplies to avoid methemoglobinemia in
infants. Nitrate is an essential nutrient for many photosynthetic autotrophs and can be the
limiting nutrient in some waters.
Nitrite is typically at very low concentrations in surface waters as it is readily converted
to nitrate or ammonia depending on the water chemistry. Nitrite is the actual etiologic
nitrogen species responsible for methemoglobinemia and is therefore regulated at 1 mg/L
in drinking water.
Ammonia is naturally present in most surface waters as a result of deamination of organic
nitrogen compounds and by urea hydrolysis. Ammonia is particularly toxic to fish and
52
other aquatic life in the unionized form (NH3) and when oxidized to nitrite and nitrate, an
oxygen demand is exerted.
Analytical Detail
Ammonia nitrogen was measured using a modified Nessler Method. This method is a
classic, but it is no longer advocated in Standard Methods due to the use of mercurycontaining reagents. We continue to seek solid alternatives to this measurement
technique. Nitrite was measured colorimetrically and nitrate was measured via ion
chromatography.
Results and Discussion
Ammonia Nitrogen
The raw ammonia nitrogen data for year 2005 is shown in Table 14. Figure 55 shows
ammonia nitrogen concentration mean and standard deviation for all samples by date.
The maximum, single sampling event mean concentration was measured in Aug 2005
and the minimum mean concentration was in Nov 2005. Figure 56 shows the year 2005
ammonia nitrogen median, minima, maxima, lower quartiles, upper quartiles and
standard deviations for all samples by location. Median concentrations were 0.1 mg/L-N
at the upstream location, 0.2 mg/L-N at the reservoir surface, reservoir mid-depth and
downstream locations, and 0.3 mg/L-N at the reservoir bottom location. Figure 57 shows
the years 2001-2005 ammonia nitrogen median, minima, maxima, lower quartiles, upper
quartiles and standard deviations for all samples by location and reveals that ammonia
nitrogen median values have remained near 0.25 mg/L-N for all locations, with the
greatest value occurring at the reservoir bottom. Figure 58 shows the years 2001-2005
ammonia nitrogen median, minima, maxima, lower quartiles, upper quartiles and
standard deviations for all samples by year. The highest median value was in year 2002
at 0.4 mg/L-N. Figure 59 shows the years 2001-2005 ammonia nitrogen mean and
standard deviation of all samples by date.
53
Table 14: Year 2005 ammonia nitrogen (mg/L-N) raw data for all samples.
Date
Upstream
Reservoir
Surface
Reservoir
Mid-depth
Reservoir
Bottom
1/27/2005
0.18
0.1
<0.1
0.1
2/28/2005
0.2
0.5
0.4
0.4
3/18/2005
<0.1
0.2
0.1
0.1
3/26/2005
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
4/23/2005
0.1
0.3
0.3
0.3
4/30/2005
0.1
0.2
0.2
0.2
5/21/2005
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
5/28/2005
0.1
0.2
0.2
0.1
6/1/2005
0.1
0.2
0.2
0.1
6/6/2005
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
6/10/2005
0.1
0.3
0.2
0.3
7/15/2005
0.3
0.1
0.2
0.3
7/22/2005
<0.1
0.1
<1
0.1
7/28/2005
0.1
0.5
0.5
0.5
8/10/2005
0.1
0.2
0.4
0.5
8/17/2005
0.1
0.2
0.7
0.9
8/25/2005
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
9/8/2005
0.1
0.1
0.7
0.8
9/15/2005
0.1
0.4
0.5
0.4
10/13/2005
0.1
0.1
0.5
0.6
11/3/2005
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
12/9/2005
0.2
0.2
na
na
Minimum
<0.1
0.1
<0.1
0.1
Maximum
0.4
0.5
0.7
0.9
Mean
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.3
Median
0.1
0.2
0.2
0.3
If displayed, “na” means datum not available due to analysis error or other reason
If displayed, “<” means datum below detection level
54
Downstream
0.2
0.5
0.1
0.1
0.3
0.2
0.2
0.1
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
<0.1
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.3
<0.1
0.5
0.2
0.2
1.0
0.8
NH3-N (mg/L)
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0
-0.2
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Jan
Figure 55: Year 2005 ammonia nitrogen mean and standard deviation for all samples by
date.
1.0
NH3-N (mg/L)
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0
ea m
Upstr
Re s .
Surfa
ce
de
MidRes.
pt h
Re s .
Botto
m
nstre
Do w
am
Figure 56: Year 2005 ammonia nitrogen median, minima, maxima, lower quartiles,
upper quartiles and standard deviations for all samples by location.
55
2.00
1.75
NH3-N (mg/L)
1.50
1.25
1.00
0.75
0.50
0.25
0.00
Upstr
e am
S
Res.
urfac
e
R es.
Mid-
depth
R es.
m
Botto
nstre
D ow
am
Figure 57: Years 2001-2005 ammonia nitrogen median, minima, maxima, lower
quartiles, upper quartiles and standard deviations for all samples by location.
2.0
1.8
1.6
NH3-N (mg/L)
1.4
1.2
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
Figure 58: Years 2001-2005 ammonia nitrogen median, minima, maxima, lower
quartiles, upper quartiles and standard deviations for all samples by year.
56
2.0
NH3-N (mg/L)
1.5
1.0
0.5
0.0
-0.5
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
Figure 59: Years 2001-2005 ammonia nitrogen mean and standard deviation of all
samples by date.
Nitrite Nitrogen
The nitrite raw data for 2005 is given in Table 15. Figure 60 shows the year 2005 nitrite
nitrogen mean and standard deviation for all samples by date. Figure 61 shows the year
2005 nitrite nitrogen median, minima, maxima, lower quartiles, upper quartiles and
standard deviations of all samples by location. The median nitrite value for year 2005
was lowest at the upstream location (0.01 mg/L-N) and greatest at the reservoir middepth and downstream locations (0.05 mg/L-N). Figure 62 shows the years 2001-2005
nitrite nitrogen median, minima, maxima, lower quartiles, upper quartiles and standard
deviations for all samples by location. The median nitrite values over this time span
shows that the upstream location regularly has a lower nitrite concentration when
compared to the other locations. Figure 63 shows the years 2001-2005 nitrite nitrogen
median, minima, maxima, lower quartiles, upper quartiles and standard deviations for all
samples by year and Figure 64 shows the nitrite concentration mean and standard
deviation with time for all samples collected from 2002-2005.
57
Table 15: Year 2005 nitrite nitrogen (mg/L-N) raw data for all samples.
Date
Upstream
Reservoir
Surface
Reservoir
Mid-depth
Reservoir
Bottom
1/27/2005
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.01
2/28/2005
0.01
0.03
0.03
0.03
3/18/2005
0.01
0.02
0.02
0.02
3/26/2005
0.01
0.02
0.02
0.02
4/23/2005
0.02
0.04
0.05
0.04
4/30/2005
0.01
0.03
0.03
0.03
5/21/2005
0.08
0.10
0.09
0.09
5/28/2005
0.02
0.06
0.06
0.06
6/1/2005
0.01
0.04
0.05
0.04
6/6/2005
0.03
0.05
0.05
0.03
6/10/2005
0.01
0.06
0.06
0.07
7/15/2005
0.02
0.06
0.06
0.09
7/22/2005
0.01
0.06
0.05
0.08
7/28/2005
0.15
0.23
0.24
0.23
8/10/2005
0.03
0.06
0.09
0.09
8/17/2005
0.01
0.07
0.06
0.05
8/25/2005
0.01
0.03
0.02
0.01
9/8/2005
<0.01
0.01
0.02
0.02
9/15/2005
<0.01
0.03
0.03
0.03
10/13/2005
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
11/3/2005
0.03
0.11
0.09
0.09
12/9/2005
0.01
0.01
na
na
Minimum
<0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
Maximum
0.15
0.23
0.24
0.23
Mean
0.03
0.05
0.05
0.05
Median
0.01
0.04
0.05
0.04
If displayed, “na” means datum not available due to analysis error or other reason
If displayed, “<” means datum below detection level
58
Downstream
0.02
0.04
0.03
0.02
0.06
0.03
0.08
0.07
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.04
0.24
0.07
0.06
0.06
0.22
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.03
0.01
0.24
0.06
0.05
0.30
0.25
NO2--N (mg/L)
0.20
0.15
0.10
0.05
0.00
-0.05
-0.10
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Jan
Figure 60: Year 2005 nitrite nitrogen mean and standard deviation for all samples by
date.
0.30
0.25
-
NO2 -N (mg/L)
0.20
0.15
0.10
0.05
0.00
Upstr
ea m
ce
depth
Surfa
MidRes.
Res.
R es.
Botto
m
nstre
D ow
am
Figure 61: Year 2005 nitrite nitrogen median, minima, maxima, lower quartiles, upper
quartiles and standard deviations of all samples by location.
59
0.30
0.25
-
NO2 -N (mg/L)
0.20
0.15
0.10
0.05
0.00
e
Upstr
am
ce
depth
Surfa
MidRes.
Res.
R es.
Botto
m
nstre
D ow
am
Figure 62: Years 2001-2005 nitrite nitrogen median, minima, maxima, lower quartiles,
upper quartiles and standard deviations for all samples by location.
0.30
0.25
-
NO2 -N (mg/L)
0.20
0.15
0.10
0.05
0.00
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
Figure 63: Years 2001-2005 nitrite nitrogen median, minima, maxima, lower quartiles,
upper quartiles and standard deviations for all samples by year.
60
0.30
0.25
0.15
0.10
-
NO2 -N (mg/L)
0.20
0.05
0.00
-0.05
-0.10
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
Figure 64: Years 2001-2005 nitrite nitrogen mean and standard deviation for all samples
by date.
Nitrate Nitrogen
The nitrate nitrogen raw data for 2005 is given in Table 16. The drinking water
maximum contaminant limit (MCL) of 10 mg/L-N nitrate was exceeded at several
sampling locations during the spring and summer of 2005. On May 21st, May 28th, June
1st and June 10th all locations exceeded the MCL. On June 6th, all locations with the
exception of the upstream site exceeded the MCL and on Jul 22nd the upstream location
was in exceedance. Figure 65 shows the year 2005 nitrate nitrogen mean and standard
deviation for all samples by date. It is clear that nitrate concentrations peak in the months
after spring planting and then subside in the fall and winter. Figure 66 shows the year
2005 nitrate nitrogen median, minima, maxima, lower quartiles, upper quartiles and
standard deviations for all samples by location. The median nitrate concentration was
lowest at the upstream location (5.5 mg/L-N), and greatest at the downstream location
(6.4 mg/L-N). Figure 67 shows the years 2001-2005 nitrate nitrogen median, minima,
maxima, lower quartiles, upper quartiles and standard deviations for all samples by
location. The historical pattern of gradual reduction in nitrate concentration as waters
move from the upstream location, through the reservoir, to the downstream location is
evident. Figure 68 shows the years 2001-2005 nitrate nitrogen median, minima, maxima,
lower quartiles, upper quartiles and standard deviations for all samples by year. The
greatest nitrate concentration median during that period was in year 2001 and the lowest
median concentration was in 2002; the variable nature of nitrate concentration and
loading to the watershed are highlighted in this figure. Figure 69 shows the years 20012005 nitrate nitrogen mean and standard deviation for all samples by date.
61
Table 16: Year 2005 nitrate nitrogen (mg/L-N) raw data for all samples.
Date
Upstream
Reservoir
Surface
Reservoir
Mid-depth
Reservoir
Bottom
1/27/2005
4.72
3.8
4.5
4.7
2/28/2005
5.2
5.9
5.8
5.9
3/18/2005
3.4
4.3
5.3
4.8
3/26/2005
5.8
6.4
5.0
6.0
4/23/2005
6.9
7.9
8.6
6.5
4/30/2005
9.2
9.7
9.2
9.2
5/21/2005
12.4
12.2
12.7
12.6
5/28/2005
13.9
12.6
12.3
12.5
6/1/2005
14.3
13.6
13.7
13.6
6/6/2005
9.8
10.8
10.9
13.2
6/10/2005
12.8
12.9
13.0
13.0
7/15/2005
7.2
9.2
7.2
6.7
7/22/2005
9.3
9.1
8.3
12.6
7/28/2005
4.3
4.8
4.4
4.7
8/10/2005
2.9
4.1
4.1
3.9
8/17/2005
0.1
1.6
1.2
1.0
8/25/2005
0.6
0.5
0.2
0.3
9/8/2005
<0.1
<0.1
0.1
0.2
9/15/2005
<0.1
<0.1
<0.1
<0.1
10/13/2005
2.5
0.2
0.6
1.2
11/3/2005
3.1
1.7
na
2.0
12/9/2005
4.0
0.8
na
na
Minimum
<0.1
<0.1
<0.1
<0.1
Maximum
14.3
13.6
13.7
13.6
Mean
na
na
na
na
Median
5.5
6.1
5.8
6.0
If displayed, “na” means datum not available due to analysis error or other reason
If displayed, “<” means datum below detection level
Values in bold font represent criteria violations for drinking water use.
62
Downstream
4.3
6.1
4.8
6.4
8.4
9.8
12.2
11.9
12.7
11.4
13.0
8.5
8.8
7.7
3.1
2.4
2.5
0.1
<0.1
0.6
0.2
0.6
<0.1
13.0
na
6.4
16
14
-
NO3 -N (mg/L)
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
-2
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Figure 65: Year 2005 nitrate nitrogen mean and standard deviation for all samples by
date.
16
14
-
NO3 -N (mg/L)
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
re
Upst
am
ce
depth
Surfa
MidRes.
Res.
B
Res.
ottom
ns
Dow
tream
Figure 66: Year 2005 nitrate nitrogen median, minima, maxima, lower quartiles, upper
quartiles and standard deviations for all samples by location.
63
16
14
-
NO3 -N (mg/L)
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
e
Upstr
am
ce
depth
Surfa
MidRes.
Res.
B
Res.
ottom
a
nstre
Dow
m
Figure 67: Years 2001-2005 nitrate nitrogen median, minima, maxima, lower quartiles,
upper quartiles and standard deviations for all samples by location.
16
14
-
NO3 -N (mg/L)
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
Figure 68: Years 2001-2005 nitrate nitrogen median, minima, maxima, lower quartiles,
upper quartiles and standard deviations for all samples by year.
64
16
14
10
8
6
-
NO3 -N (mg/L)
12
4
2
0
-2
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
Figure 69: Years 2001-2005 nitrate nitrogen mean and standard deviation for all
samples by date.
Kjeldahl Nitrogen
The Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN) concentration raw data for year 2005 is shown in Table 17.
Figure 70 shows the year 2005 total Kjeldahl nitrogen mean and standard deviation for all
samples by date. Figure 71 shows the year 2005 total Kjeldahl nitrogen median, minima,
maxima, lower quartiles, upper quartiles and standard deviations for all samples by
location. The median TKN concentration for year 2005 was greatest at the upstream
location (2.81 mg/L). Figure 72 shows the years 2001-2005 Kjeldahl nitrogen median,
minima, maxima, lower quartiles, upper quartiles and standard deviations for all samples
by location. The greatest median TKN concentration measured during this time period
was at the upstream location. Figure 73 shows the years 2001-2005 Kjeldahl nitrogen
median, minima, maxima, lower quartiles, upper quartiles and standard deviations for all
samples by year. The greatest median TKN concentration was in year 2005 and the
lowest was in 2002 for this time period. The years 2001-2005 Kjeldahl nitrogen mean
and standard deviation for all samples by year is shown in Figure 74.
65
Table 17: Year 2005 Kjeldahl nitrogen (mg/L-N) raw data for all samples.
Date
Upstream
Reservoir
Surface
Reservoir
Mid-depth
Reservoir
Bottom
1/27/2005
6.00
2.44
1.31
1.69
2/28/2005
3.56
3.00
3.00
3.19
3/18/2005
2.44
1.50
0.94
1.88
3/26/2005
2.81
1.31
1.13
1.88
4/23/2005
7.13
3.19
2.63
2.25
4/30/2005
1.69
1.50
2.25
1.31
5/21/2005
3.94
2.44
2.06
1.50
5/28/2005
2.81
2.06
2.25
1.50
6/1/2005
1.50
2.44
1.88
1.69
6/6/2005
1.31
1.88
1.69
1.50
6/10/2005
1.69
2.06
1.69
2.63
7/15/2005
5.63
4.13
2.44
1.88
7/22/2005
2.25
2.63
4.13
2.81
7/28/2005
2.25
2.25
3.00
3.00
8/10/2005
2.44
1.88
3.94
2.63
8/17/2005
4.13
1.69
3.75
3.38
8/25/2005
2.63
2.06
2.44
4.31
9/8/2005
6.19
2.81
2.44
3.19
9/15/2005
4.31
2.25
2.25
1.88
10/13/2005
5.63
3.00
1.88
1.69
11/3/2005
1.69
2.25
2.63
2.06
12/9/2005
3.00
2.06
na
na
Minimum
1.31
1.31
0.94
1.31
Maximum
7.13
4.13
4.13
4.31
Mean
3.41
2.31
2.37
2.28
Median
2.81
2.25
2.25
1.88
If displayed, “na” means datum not available due to analysis error or other reason
If displayed, “<” means datum below detection level
66
Downstream
1.69
2.63
1.13
2.25
2.25
1.50
1.50
1.50
1.50
2.44
1.50
3.19
5.81
4.13
6.56
1.31
2.25
5.06
2.81
1.69
1.31
2.63
1.13
6.56
2.57
2.25
8
7
TKN (mg/L)
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Jan
Figure 70: Year 2005 Kjeldahl nitrogen mean and standard deviation for all samples by
date.
8
TKN (mg/L)
6
4
2
0
eam
Upstr
Sur
Res.
face
M
Res.
id-de
pth
Bott
Res.
om
am
nstre
Dow
Figure 71: Year 2005 Kjeldahl nitrogen median, minima, maxima, lower quartiles, upper
quartiles and standard deviations for all samples by location.
67
14
12
TKN (mg/L)
10
8
6
4
2
0
e
Upstr
am
ce
depth
Surfa
MidRes.
Res.
Bot
Res.
tom
nstre
Dow
am
Figure 72: Years 2001-2005 Kjeldahl nitrogen median, minima, maxima, lower quartiles,
upper quartiles and standard deviations for all samples by location.
14
12
TKN (mg/L)
10
8
6
4
2
0
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
Figure 73: Years 2001-2005 Kjeldahl nitrogen median, minima, maxima, lower quartiles,
upper quartiles and standard deviations for all samples by year.
68
12
10
TKN (mg/L)
8
6
4
2
0
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
Figure 74: Years 2001-2005 Kjeldahl nitrogen mean and standard deviation for all
samples by year.
Total Nitrogen
The total nitrogen raw data for year 2005 is shown in Table 18. Figure 75 shows the year
2005 total nitrogen (mg/L-N) mean and standard deviation for all samples by date. The
main component of total nitrogen is nitrate; therefore, the trend in total nitrogen
concentration over time is similar to nitrate. Figure 76 shows the year 2005 total nitrogen
(mg/L-N) median, minima, maxima, lower quartiles, upper quartiles and standard
deviations for all samples by location. The greatest total nitrogen median value for year
2005 was at the downstream location. Figure 77 shows the years 2002-2005 total
nitrogen (mg/L-N) median, minima, maxima, lower quartiles, upper quartiles and
standard deviations for all samples by location. The data shows that total nitrogen
concentration is typically greatest at the upstream location. Figure 78 shows the years
2002-2005 total nitrogen median, minima, maxima, lower quartiles, upper quartiles and
standard deviations for all samples by year. The greatest median total nitrogen
concentration in that time period occurred in year 2005 and the minimum was in 2002.
The years 2002-2005 total nitrogen mean and standard deviation for all data by date is
shown in Figure 79.
69
Table 18: Year 2005 total nitrogen (mg/L-N) raw data for all samples.
Date
Upstream
Reservoir
Surface
Reservoir
Mid-depth
Reservoir
Bottom
1/27/2005
10.7
6.3
5.8
6.4
2/28/2005
8.7
8.9
8.8
9.1
3/18/2005
5.9
5.8
6.3
6.7
3/26/2005
8.6
7.7
6.1
7.9
4/23/2005
14.0
11.1
11.3
8.8
4/30/2005
10.9
11.2
11.5
10.5
5/21/2005
16.4
14.7
14.9
14.2
5/28/2005
16.7
14.7
14.6
14.1
6/1/2005
15.8
16.1
15.6
15.4
6/6/2005
11.1
12.7
12.6
14.8
6/10/2005
14.5
15.0
14.7
15.7
7/15/2005
12.9
13.4
9.7
8.6
7/22/2005
14.9
12.0
13.2
11.2
7/28/2005
6.7
7.3
7.6
7.9
8/10/2005
5.4
6.0
8.1
6.6
8/17/2005
4.2
3.4
5.1
4.4
8/25/2005
3.3
2.6
2.6
4.6
9/8/2005
6.2
2.8
2.6
3.4
9/15/2005
4.3
2.3
2.3
1.9
10/13/2005
8.1
3.2
2.5
2.9
11/3/2005
4.8
4.1
na
4.1
12/9/2005
7.0
2.9
na
na
Minimum
3.3
2.3
2.3
1.9
Maximum
16.7
16.1
15.6
15.7
Mean
9.6
8.4
na
na
Median
8.7
7.5
8.5
7.9
If displayed, “na” means datum not available due to analysis error or other reason
If displayed, “<” means datum below detection level
70
Downstream
6.0
8.8
6.0
8.7
10.7
11.3
13.8
13.5
14.2
13.9
14.6
11.7
14.7
12.1
9.7
3.8
4.8
5.4
2.8
2.3
1.5
3.3
1.5
14.7
8.8
9.2
18
16
Tot. Nitrogen (mg/L)
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Figure 75: Year 2005 total nitrogen (mg/L-N) mean and standard deviation for all
samples by date.
18
16
Tot. Nitrogen (mg/L)
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
eam
Upstr
Res.
ce
Surfa
de
MidRes.
pth
m
Botto
Res.
ns
Dow
tream
Figure 76: Year 2005 total nitrogen (mg/L-N) median, minima, maxima, lower quartiles,
upper quartiles and standard deviations for all samples by location.
71
25
Tot. Nitrogen (mg/L)
20
15
10
5
0
ream
Upst
Res.
ce
Surfa
de
MidRes.
pth
m
am
Botto
nstre
Res.
Dow
Figure 77: Years 2002-2005 total nitrogen (mg/L-N) median, minima, maxima, lower
quartiles, upper quartiles and standard deviations for all samples by location.
25
Tot. Nitrogen (mg/L)
20
15
10
5
0
2002
2003
2004
2005
Figure 78: Years 2002-2005 total nitrogen median, minima, maxima, lower quartiles,
upper quartiles and standard deviations for all samples by year.
72
20
Tot. Nitrogen (mg/L)
15
10
5
0
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
Figure 79: Years 2002-2005 total nitrogen mean and standard deviation for all data by
date.
Phosphorus
Significance to Water Quality
Phosphorus occurs in natural waters nearly exclusively in the form of various phosphates;
orthophosphates, condensed phosphates (pyro-, meta-, and other polyphosphates), and
phosphates bound to organic matter. Phosphates exist in solution, adsorbed to particles,
in detritus, and in aquatic organisms. Phosphorus is an essential element for organism
growth and can be the limiting nutrient to primary productivity in water bodies.
Results and Discussion
Orthophosphate
The orthophosphate raw data for year 2005 is given in Table 19. The mean and median
values are well above the recommendation maximum of 0.1 mg/L-P for fresh water.
Figure 80 shows the year 2005 orthophosphate (mg/L-P) mean and standard deviation for
all samples by date. Figure 81 shows the year 2005 orthophosphate median, minima,
maxima, lower quartiles, upper quartiles and standard deviations for all samples by
location. The greatest median orthophosphate concentration in year 2005 was at the
upstream location (0.24 mg/L-P), with all other locations having the same median value
(0.21 mg/L-P) Figure 82 shows the years 2001-2005 orthophosphate median, minima,
maxima, lower quartiles, upper quartiles and standard deviations for all samples by
location showing the highest median concentration at the reservoir bottom. Figure 83
shows the years 2001-2005 orthophosphate median, minima, maxima, lower quartiles,
upper quartiles and standard deviations for all samples by year. The greatest median
concentration for this time span was in year 2002. The years 2001-2005 orthophosphate
mean and standard deviation for all samples by date is shown in Figure 84.
73
Table 19: Year 2005 orthophosphate (mg/L-P) raw data for all samples.
Date
Upstream
Reservoir
Surface
Reservoir
Mid-depth
Reservoir
Bottom
1/27/2005
0.20
0.09
0.13
0.14
2/28/2005
0.27
0.31
0.36
0.29
3/18/2005
0.21
0.15
0.16
0.19
3/26/2005
0.19
0.13
0.12
0.12
4/23/2005
0.24
0.17
0.18
0.19
4/30/2005
0.31
0.25
0.23
0.24
5/21/2005
0.30
0.23
0.23
0.21
5/28/2005
0.24
0.24
0.20
0.18
6/1/2005
0.23
0.21
0.20
0.17
6/6/2005
0.23
0.21
0.23
0.20
6/10/2005
0.28
0.22
0.23
0.23
7/15/2005
0.34
0.32
0.37
0.36
7/22/2005
0.29
0.32
0.38
0.35
7/28/2005
0.15
0.23
0.24
0.23
8/10/2005
0.08
0.21
0.36
0.36
8/17/2005
0.06
0.15
0.16
0.24
8/25/2005
0.25
0.25
0.25
0.25
9/8/2005
0.06
0.13
0.21
0.22
9/15/2005
0.11
0.17
0.19
0.16
10/13/2005
0.55
0.06
0.08
0.08
11/3/2005
0.12
0.06
0.07
0.06
12/9/2005
0.30
0.03
na
na
Minimum
0.06
0.03
0.07
0.06
Maximum
0.55
0.32
0.38
0.36
Mean
0.23
0.19
0.22
0.21
Median
0.24
0.21
0.21
0.21
If displayed, “na” means datum not available due to analysis error or other reason
If displayed, “<” means datum below detection level
74
Downstream
0.12
0.27
0.13
0.10
0.18
0.26
0.20
0.17
0.23
0.28
0.19
0.32
0.37
0.24
0.29
0.25
0.24
0.14
0.22
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.37
0.20
0.21
0.6
0.5
PO43--P (mg/L)
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0.0
-0.1
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun
Jul
Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan
Figure 80: Year 2005 orthophosphate (mg/L-P) mean and standard deviation for all
samples by date.
0.6
0.2
3-
PO4 -P (mg/L)
0.4
0.0
Upstr
ea m
Re s .
c
Surfa
e
Re s .
Mid-
dep t
h
Re s .
Botto
m
n s tre
Do w
am
Figure 81: Year 2005 orthophosphate (mg/L-P) median, minima, maxima, lower
quartiles, upper quartiles and standard deviations for all samples by location.
75
4
2
3-
PO4 -P (mg/L)
3
1
0
Upstr
e am
R es .
c
Surfa
e
R es .
de
Mid-
p th
Re s .
Botto
m
nstre
D ow
am
Figure 82: Years 2001-2005 orthophosphate (mg/L-P) median, minima, maxima, lower
quartiles, upper quartiles and standard deviations for all samples by location.
4
2
3-
PO4 -P (mg/L)
3
1
0
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
Figure 83: Years 2001-2005 orthophosphate (mg/L-P) median, minima, maxima, lower
quartiles, upper quartiles and standard deviations for all samples by year.
76
3.0
2.5
1.5
3-
PO4 -P (mg/L)
2.0
1.0
0.5
0.0
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
Figure 84: Years 2001-2005 orthophosphate (mg/L-P) mean and standard deviation for
all samples by date.
Total Phosphorus
The year 2005 total phosphorus raw data is shown in Table 20. Figure 85 shows the year
2005 total phosphorus mean and standard deviation for all samples by date. Figure 86
shows the year 2005 total phosphorus median, minima, maxima, lower quartiles, upper
quartiles and standard deviations for all samples by location. The median total
phosphorus concentration was greatest at the upstream location (0.47 mg/L-P), and
lowest at the reservoir surface and downstream locations (0.26 mg/L-P). Figure 87
shows the years 2001-2005 total phosphorus median, minima, maxima, lower quartiles,
upper quartiles and standard deviations for all samples by location. Similar to the year
2004 data, the greatest median concentration was at the upstream location. Figure 88
shows the years 2001-2005 total phosphorus median, minima, maxima, lower quartiles,
upper quartiles and standard deviations for all samples by year. The greatest median total
phosphorus concentration was in the year 2002 for that time period. Figure 89 shows
years 2001-2005 total phosphorus mean and standard deviation for all samples by date.
77
Table 20: Year 2005 total phosphorus (mg/L-P) raw data for all samples.
Date
Upstream
Reservoir
Surface
Reservoir
Mid-depth
Reservoir
Bottom
1/27/2005
0.26
0.15
0.19
0.16
2/28/2005
0.35
0.29
0.37
0.29
3/18/2005
0.34
0.28
0.24
0.26
3/26/2005
0.31
0.23
0.21
0.21
4/23/2005
0.69
0.38
0.41
0.40
4/30/2005
0.51
0.26
0.26
0.27
5/21/2005
0.41
0.25
0.24
0.25
5/28/2005
0.47
0.26
0.28
0.27
6/1/2005
0.46
0.26
0.31
0.31
6/6/2005
0.87
0.26
0.25
0.25
6/10/2005
0.47
0.22
0.28
0.41
7/15/2005
0.47
0.34
0.46
0.42
7/22/2005
0.64
0.35
0.30
0.40
7/28/2005
0.41
0.35
0.33
0.33
8/10/2005
0.41
0.22
0.38
0.44
8/17/2005
0.38
0.20
0.27
0.51
8/25/2005
0.74
0.26
0.26
0.29
9/8/2005
0.50
0.25
0.31
0.29
9/15/2005
0.42
0.24
0.25
0.29
10/13/2005
0.58
0.14
0.20
0.30
11/3/2005
0.35
0.20
0.34
0.17
12/9/2005
2.07
0.56
na
na
Minimum
0.26
0.14
0.19
0.16
Maximum
2.07
0.56
0.46
0.51
Mean
0.55
0.27
0.29
0.31
Median
0.47
0.26
0.28
0.29
If displayed, “na” means datum not available due to analysis error or other reason
If displayed, “<” means datum below detection level
78
Downstream
0.12
0.37
0.20
0.18
0.33
0.27
0.28
0.25
0.25
0.29
0.25
0.37
0.27
0.27
0.28
0.24
0.24
0.24
0.26
0.10
0.18
0.65
0.10
0.65
0.27
0.26
2.5
Tot. Phosphorus (mg/L)
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
0.0
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun
Jul
Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan
Figure 85: Year 2005 total phosphorus mean and standard deviation for all samples by
date.
Tot. Phosphorus (mg/L)
2.5
2.0
1.0
0.5
0.0
re
Upst
am
ce
depth
Surfa
MidRes.
Res.
m
Botto
Res.
nstre
D ow
am
Figure 86: Year 2005 total phosphorus median, minima, maxima, lower quartiles, upper
quartiles and standard deviations for all samples by location.
79
5
Tot. Phosphorus (mg/L)
4
3
2
1
0
Upstr
ea m
S
Res.
u r fa c
e
Re s .
Mid-
de pt
h
Re s .
Botto
m
ns
Dow
tr e a m
Figure 87: Years 2001-2005 total phosphorus median, minima, maxima, lower quartiles,
upper quartiles and standard deviations for all samples by location.
5
Tot. Phosphorus (mg/L)
4
3
2
1
0
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
Figure 88: Years 2001-2005 total phosphorus median, minima, maxima, lower quartiles,
upper quartiles and standard deviations for all samples by year.
80
4
Tot. Phosphorus (mg/L)
3
2
1
0
-1
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
Figure 89: Years 2001-2005 total phosphorus mean and standard deviation for all
samples by date.
Silica
Significance to Water Quality
Silicon does not occur in a free form in nature, but normally as free silica (SiO2) in coarse
rocks and microcrystalline quartz. Common aqueous forms of silica are H4SiO4 and
H3SiO4-. It is considered a nonessential trace element for most plants, but essential for
most animals. There is no U.S. EPA drinking water standard maximum concentration
level for silica.
Results and Discussion
The raw silica concentration data for 2005 is shown in Table 21. Figure 90 shows the
year 2005 silica mean and standard deviation for all samples by date. Figure 91 shows
the year 2005 silica median, minima, maxima, lower quartiles, upper quartiles and
standard deviations for all samples by location. The greatest median silica concentration
in year 2005 was at the reservoir mid-depth and downstream locations (15 mg/L as SiO2).
Figure 92 shows the years 2001-2005 silica (mg/L as SiO2) median, minima, maxima,
lower quartiles, upper quartiles and standard deviations for all samples by location. The
upstream location had the greatest median silica concentrations and the reservoir bottom
had the lowest median concentration during that time period. Figure 93 shows the years
2001-2005 silica (mg/L as SiO2) median, minima, maxima, lower quartiles, upper
quartiles and standard deviations for all samples by year, with the highest median value
occurring in 2005. Figure 94 shows the years 2001-2005 mean and standard deviation
for all samples collected by date.
81
Table 21: Year 2005 silica (mg/L as SiO2) raw data for all samples.
Date
Upstream
Reservoir
Surface
Reservoir
Mid-depth
Reservoir
Bottom
1/27/2005
11
4
<1
3
2/28/2005
13
14
17
15
3/18/2005
13
12
13
13
3/26/2005
6
7
8
6
4/23/2005
22
21
24
21
4/30/2005
18
17
15
12
5/21/2005
23
30
17
17
5/28/2005
17
21
21
26
6/1/2005
15
13
18
13
6/6/2005
14
27
14
37
6/10/2005
31
23
33
25
7/15/2005
16
13
14
13
7/22/2005
29
23
22
21
7/28/2005
<1
<1
<1
<1
8/10/2005
4
18
19
20
8/17/2005
3
9
7
8
8/25/2005
6
26
27
27
9/8/2005
5
8
8
16
9/15/2005
4
7
5
8
10/13/2005
20
4
4
6
11/3/2005
12
13
8
11
12/9/2005
4
<1
na
na
Minimum
<1
<1
<1
<1
Maximum
31
30
33
37
Mean
14
16
na
na
Median
13
14
15
14
If displayed, “na” means datum not available due to analysis error or other reason
If displayed, “<” means datum below detection level
82
Downstream
8
16
6
6
16
11
21
22
12
18
26
14
31
<1
15
16
21
16
7
6
6
2
<1
31
14
15
40
36
32
SiO2 (mg/L)
28
24
20
16
12
8
4
0
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun
Jul
Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan
Figure 90: Year 2005 silica mean and standard deviation for all samples by date.
40
36
32
SiO2 (mg/L)
28
24
20
16
12
8
4
0
e
Upstr
am
ce
depth
Surfa
MidRes.
Res.
m
am
Botto
nstre
Res.
Dow
Figure 91: Year 2005 silica median, minima, maxima, lower quartiles, upper quartiles
and standard deviations for all samples by location.
83
40
SiO2 (mg/L)
30
20
10
0
e
Upstr
am
ce
depth
Surfa
MidRes.
Res.
m
am
Botto
nstre
Res.
Dow
Figure 92: Years 2001-2005 silica (mg/L as SiO2) median, minima, maxima, lower
quartiles, upper quartiles and standard deviations for all samples by location.
40
SiO2 (mg/L)
30
20
10
0
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
Figure 93: Years 2001-2005 silica (mg/L as SiO2) median, minima, maxima, lower
quartiles, upper quartiles and standard deviations for all samples by year.
84
25
20
SiO2 (mg/L)
15
10
5
0
-5
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
Figure 94: Years 2001-2005 silica (mg/L as SiO2) mean and standard deviation for all
samples by date.
Ion Balance
Significance to Water Quality
Ion balance calculations are done as a broad check of the overall correctness of an
analytical data set (SM 1030 E). The test is based on the fact that all potable waters have
the characteristic of electroneutrality. Therefore, the sum of all cations expressed in
milliequivalents per liter, must equal the sum of all anions. The percentage difference is
defined as:
% difference = 100
∑ cations − ∑ anions
∑ cations + ∑ anions
The acceptance criterion is ± 2% for anion sums between 3.0 and 10.0 meq/L (typical for
the Coralville Reservoir).
Analytical Detail
Many of the anion and cation values determined for the project are done by ion
chromatography with chemical background suppression (SM 4110 B). Potassium
hydroxide eluent with an AS18 analytical column was used for anion analysis (chloride,
bromide, nitrite, nitrate and sulfate only) and methanesulfonic acid eluent with a CS12A
column was used for cation analysis (sodium and potassium only). A Dionex ion
chromatography system was used for both analyses.
A standard ion solution (1000 mg/L each of Cl-, Br-, SO42-; 226 mg/L NO3--N, 304 mg/L
NO2--N, 326 mg/L PO43—P,1807 mg/L Na+ and 1225 mg/L K+) was prepared with dry
85
salts and was stored in a refrigerator for no longer than 3 months. A working standard
curve was prepared fresh on the day of analysis for calibration purposes. Field samples
were analyzed with resulting peak areas compared to standard curves for quantification
purposes.
Sampling and Storage
The samples were collected in clean plastic bottles, filled completely and capped tightly.
Excessive agitation and exposure to air was avoided. Samples were chilled immediately
and analyzed within eight hours of collection.
Results and Discussion
The ion balance results for the year 2005 are shown in Table 22. Many of the values
exceed the 2% difference recommended by Standard Methods.
Table 22: Anion-Cation Balances.
Date
Upstream
Reservoir
Surface
Reservoir
Mid-depth
Reservoir
Bottom
1/27/2005
na
na
na
na
2/28/2005
na
na
na
na
3/18/2005
na
na
na
na
3/26/2005
-11.0
-16.1
-10.8
-12.9
4/23/2005
na
na
na
na
4/30/2005
-4.1
-6.8
-5.7
-4.2
5/21/2005
na
na
na
na
5/28/2005
na
na
na
na
6/1/2005
na
na
na
na
6/6/2005
na
na
na
na
6/10/2005
na
na
na
na
7/15/2005
-3.7
-8.0
-3.7
-4.5
7/22/2005
na
na
na
na
7/28/2005
na
na
na
na
8/10/2005
na
na
na
na
8/17/2005
na
na
na
na
8/25/2005
na
na
na
na
9/8/2005
na
na
na
na
9/15/2005
na
na
na
na
10/13/2005
na
na
na
na
11/3/2005
na
na
na
na
12/9/2005
na
na
na
na
If displayed, “na” means datum not available due to analysis error or other reason
If displayed, “<” means datum below detection level
86
Downstream
na
na
na
-16.1
na
-8.2
na
na
na
na
na
-5.9
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
Escherichia coli and Fecal Coliform Bacteria
Significance to Water Quality
People may come into contact with disease causing organisms in waters used for
recreation. Many pathogens are discharged to our surface waters in fecal wastes, both
from human and animal sources, which have been improperly treated at wastewater
facilities or marinas or from animal feed lots susceptible to runoff events. Operators of
public beaches on lakes and reservoirs have the responsibility to test the waters
periodically in an effort to protect human health. Non-pathogenic indicator organisms,
such as E. coli and fecal coliform bacteria, are commonly present when environmental
conditions support the growth of pathogens and therefore serve as an easy to measure
surrogate test for the potential existence of human pathogens in surface water.
Sampling and Storage
A composite sample consisting of nine subsamples was collected at each beach. The
subsamples were collected from three points along each of three transects. One transect
was near the center of the beach and the remaining transects were near the ends of the
beach, about 3 meters from the buoy line/shoreline. The three sampling locations along
each transect were at points approximately ankle-, knee-, and chest-deep. A separate 100
to 250 mL sterilized, wide-mouth, screw-cap, polypropylene sample bottle was used for
collecting each subsample. All subsample bottles were the same size. The downstream
transect was sampled first, starting with the ankle-deep sample and then proceeding to the
knee- and finally chest-deep sample. The center transect was sampled next in the same
manner, followed by the upstream transect. Care was taken by the sampler to not disturb
the bottom sediments while wading to the sampling locations. The sampler’s body was
positioned downstream from the volume of water to be sampled.
The following procedure was utilized at each sampling location: the screw-cap was
removed from the bottle and the bottle was held at its base and plunged mouth-down into
the water to the desired depth. The bottle was turned on its side (the mouth positioned
into the current) and tipped slightly upwards to allow it to fill. The bottle was brought to
the surface and a portion of the sample was poured out to allow for an air space of 2.5 cm
before the cap was put in place. When the three samples from a transect were collected,
the bottles were placed on ice before proceeding to the next transect where the process
was repeated. After all nine subsamples were collected, they were poured into a 1 liter
sterilized, wide-mouth, screw-cap, polypropylene bottle. To accomplish this, each
subsample bottle was inverted five times to allow for complete mixing and the contents
were then immediately poured into the composite bottle. The composite bottle was of
sufficient size to allow for at least a 2.5 cm air space. The final sample for each beach
was obtained by inverting the composite bottle five times and then immediately pouring a
sample into a 100 to 250 ml sterilized, wide-mouth, screw-cap, polypropylene bottle
(again allowing for at least a 2.5 cm air space for proper mixing). The bottle was capped
and placed on ice. Several ancillary measurements were taken at this time (transparency;
number of swimmers; number of water fowl, shore birds and gulls; wave height; wind
speed and direction; and precipitation). Aseptic technique was used during sample
collection in order to avoid sample contamination. Care was taken at all times to not
touch the inside of the sample bottles or caps.
87
Samples were stored on ice (below 10°C) until time of analysis. The holding time did not
exceed 24 hours. Samples were analyzed for E. coli and fecal coliform bacteria
according to an EPA approved method as published in the July 21, 2003 Federal Register
(40 CFR Part 136, Part III, Environmental Protection Agency, Guidelines Establishing
Test Procedures for the Analysis of Pollutants; Analytical Methods for Biological
Pollutants in Ambient Water; Final Rule). All indicator organism samples were
processed by the University Hygienic Laboratory.
Results and Discussion
Table 23 shows the Escherichia coli data at Sandy Beach, Sugar Bottom, and the West
Overlook (organisms per 100 mL) for the year 2005. The E. coli criterion was exceeded
at all beaches on May 16th triggering in a resampling event on May 18th which showed
the waters at all beaches to be within standards. There were no other violations during
the 2005 sampling period. As of July 16, 2003, the State of Iowa commenced using E.
coli as an indicator organism for fecal contamination, thus replacing fecal coliform
bacteria.
Table 23: Escherichia coli at Sandy Beach, Sugar Bottom, and the West Overlook
(organisms per 100 mL).
Date
May 16, 2005
May 18, 2005
May 23, 2005
May 31, 2005
June 6, 2005
June 13, 2005
June 20, 2005
June 27, 2005
July 5, 2005
July 11, 2005
July 18, 2005
July 25, 2005
August 1, 2005
August 8, 2005
August 15, 2005
August 22, 2005
August 29, 2005
September 6, 2005
September 12, 2005
September 20, 2005
Sandy Beach
590
130
130
30
70
30
30
73
91
45
10
<10
<10
<10
36
40
10
50
<10
<10
West Overlook
340
150
91
10
20
<10
<10
<10
82
30
10
<10
10
<10
40
<10
10
20
<10
<10
Sugar Bottom
300
130
50
10
90
50
<10
30
100
130
<10
<10
20
<10
<10
<10
40
20
20
<10
The Iowa Class “1” standards for Escherichia coli are 126
organisms/100 mL (geometric mean of at least 5 samples over 30 days)
and 235 organisms/100 mL for any one sample.
Table 24 shows the fecal coliform data at Sandy Beach, Sugar Bottom, and the West
Overlook (organisms per 100 mL) for the year 2005. Fecal coliform bacteria is no longer
used as a determinant for regulated water quality standards.
88
Table 24: Fecal coliform bacteria at Sandy Beach, Sugar Bottom, and the West Overlook
(organisms per 100 mL).
Date
May 16, 2005
May 18, 2005
May 23, 2005
May 31, 2005
June 6, 2005
June 13, 2005
June 20, 2005
June 27, 2005
July 5, 2005
July 11, 2005
July 18, 2005
July 25, 2005
August 1, 2005
August 8, 2005
August 15, 2005
August 22, 2005
August 29, 2005
September 6, 2005
September 12, 2005
September 20, 2005
Sandy Beach
590
170
130
30
70
30
30
120
140
45
10
10
20
<10
55
40
10
80
<10
<10
West Overlook
510
160
50
10
20
< 10
<10
<10
91
30
10
<10
10
<10
40
<10
10
20
<10
<10
Sugar Bottom
350
230
91
10
100
60
<10
40
100
140
<10
<10
20
<10
<10
<10
40
30
20
<10
The former Iowa Class “A” standard stated that from April 1 through
October 31 the fecal coliform content shall not exceed 200 organisms/100
mL except when waters are materially affected by surface runoff.
Table 25 shows the bacteria results for the river and reservoir locations sampled during
June, July and August. Iowa Class “1” violations for E. coli were reported for the
upstream and downstream locations on June 6th and the upstream location on June 10th.
Table 25: Escherichia coli/fecal coliform bacteria at all river locations (organisms per
100 mL).
Date
Upstream
Reservoir
Reservoir
Reservoir
Surface
Mid-depth
Bottom
June 1, 2005
40/90
20/20
<10/<10
20/20
June 6, 2005
9100/11,000
<10/<10
<10/<10
20/20
June 10, 2005
1000/1500
30/40
20/45
110/150
July 15, 2005
110/130
<10/<10
<10/<10
10/10
July 22, 2005
<10/<10
<10/<10
<10/<10
110/130
July 28, 2005
200/200
<10/<10
<10/<10
<10/<10
August 10, 2005
50/55
<10/<10
<10/<10
<10/<10
August 17, 2005
30/30
10/10
<10/<10
<10/10
August 25, 2005
40/55
<10/<10
<10/<10
<10/<10
If displayed, “na” means datum not available due to analysis error or other reason
If displayed, “<” means datum below detection level
89
Downstream
55/63
1300/1400
170/190
40/40
60/60
150/410
10/36
64/82
200/280
Pesticides in Fish
Analytical Detail
A total of 20 fish (common carp) were collected from the Iowa River and the reservoir on
Oct 29th with the help of staff from the Lake McBride Fisheries Station. Ten fish were
collected in various areas of the reservoir north of the Mehaffey Bridge with most of the
take coming near the Lake McBride spillway. These fish were separated into two groups
(Reservoir - Composite A and Composite B), then measured and weighed before being
wrapped in aluminum foil for subsequent freezing. Ten additional fish were taken from
the Iowa River north of City Park with most of the fish collected near the old Iowa River
Power Company dam. These fish were separated into two groups (Downstream –
Composite A and Composite B), then measured and weighed before being wrapped in
aluminum foil for subsequent freezing. The fish were then taken to the University
Hygienic Laboratory for pesticide analysis using preparation method EPA/AOAC and
analytical method EPA 8081A. Whole fish composites were used for the analysis. The
molecular structures of the pesticides are shown in Figure 95 and Figure 96.
Figure 95: Molecular structures of chlordane and dieldrin.
Figure 96: Molecular structures of heptachlor epoxide and nonachlor.
Results and Discussion
The pesticides in fish results as reported by the University Hygienic Laboratory are
reported in Table 26. The average fish lengths for the reservoir composite samples A and
B were 45.1 and 43.1 cm respectively. The average fish lengths for the downstream
composite samples were 50.1 and 48.2 cm. Dieldrin and DDE were detected in all
samples with values between 0.008-0.031 mg/kg and 0.020-0.068 mg/kg respectively.
The percent lipid content was between 3.53 and 7.32 percent for all composite samples.
90
Table 26: Pesticides in Fish.
Coralville Reservoir Water Quality
Pesticides in Fish
Fish 1
Fish 2
Fish 3
Fish 4
Fish 5
Average
Analyte
Dieldrin
alpha-Chlordane
gamma-Chlordane
cis-Nonachlor
trans-Nonachlor
Oxychlordane
Heptachlor Epoxide
DDE
Percent Lipids
Reservoir (Near Lake McBride Spillway)
Composite A
Composite B
Length (cm)
Weight (g)
Length (cm)
Weight (g)
45.2
980
43.2
789
46.2
1048
43.2
889
44.2
953
46.0
971
47.8
1134
41.9
871
42.2
826
41.4
748
45.1
988
43.1
854
Concentration (mg/kg)
0.008
<0.005
<0.005
<0.005
<0.005
<0.005
<0.005
0.020
3.53%
Concentration (mg/kg)
0.008
<0.005
<0.005
<0.005
<0.005
<0.005
<0.005
0.030
4.20%
91
Downstream (Iowa City)
Composite A
Composite B
Length (cm)
Weight (g)
Length (cm)
Weight (g)
47.2
1188
48.3
1148
51.3
1701
48.0
1256
52.3
1479
50.0
1252
51.8
1633
46.0
1043
48.0
1379
48.5
1297
50.1
1476
48.2
1199
Concentration (mg/kg)
0.031
<0.005
<0.005
0.012
0.013
<0.005
<0.005
0.041
7.32%
Concentration (mg/kg)
0.025
<0.005
<0.005
0.007
0.014
<0.005
<0.005
0.068
5.89%
Pigments
Results and Discussion
The chlorophyll a, b and c results are found in Table 27, Table 28, and Table 29. The
pheophytin a results are given in Table 30. In general, the chlorophyll a concentrations
were quite low, but pheophytin a concentrations were quite high especially in late
summer 2005 at the upstream location as algae decay was occurring more rapidly.
Table 27: Pigment, Chlorophyll a (mg/cubic meter)
Reservoir
Reservoir
Reservoir
Date
Upstream
Surface
Mid-depth
Bottom
5/21/2005
<1
<1
<1
<1
5/28/2005
<1
<1
<1
<1
6/1/2005
4.5
17.1
5.1
5.5
6/6/2005
3.3
23.1
30.7
29.1
6/10/2005
4.6
10.8
9.1
3.2
7/15/2005
8
55
31
12
7/22/2005
35
71
37
16
7/28/2005
12
20
9
6
8/10/2005
85
81
12
4
8/17/2005
45
30
15
5
8/25/2005
16
20
14
43
9/8/2005
25
31
4
10
9/15/2005
17
24
14
11
If displayed, “na” means datum not available due to analysis error or other reason
If displayed, “<” means datum below detection level
Downstream
<1
<1
7.0
17.2
6.7
42
98
16
21
10
58
19
28
Table 28: Pigment, Chlorophyll b (mg/cubic meter)
Reservoir
Reservoir
Reservoir
Date
Upstream
Surface
Mid-depth
Bottom
5/21/2005
na
na
na
na
5/28/2005
na
na
na
na
6/1/2005
<1
<1
<1
<1
6/6/2005
<1
<1
<1
<1
6/10/2005
<1
<1
<1
<1
7/15/2005
<1
17
3
<1
7/22/2005
<1
4
2
1
7/28/2005
1
1
2
<1
8/10/2005
<1
6
1
<1
8/17/2005
<1
<1
<1
<1
8/25/2005
<1
<1
<1
4
9/8/2005
<1
1
<1
<1
9/15/2005
<1
<1
<1
<1
If displayed, “na” means datum not available due to analysis error or other reason
If displayed, “<” means datum below detection level
92
Downstream
na
na
<1
<1
<1
3
4
2
1
<1
4
1
1
Table 29: Pigment, Chlorophyll c (mg/cubic meter)
Reservoir
Reservoir
Reservoir
Date
Upstream
Surface
Mid-depth
Bottom
5/21/2005
na
na
na
na
5/28/2005
na
na
na
na
6/1/2005
1.6
2.2
<1
<1
6/6/2005
<1
1.8
3.1
1.9
6/10/2005
<1
<1
<1
<1
7/15/2005
<1
20
4
<1
7/22/2005
2
6
4
1
7/28/2005
2
2
2
<1
8/10/2005
9
6
1
<1
8/17/2005
6
3
2
<1
8/25/2005
2
2
2
8
9/8/2005
3
2
<1
<1
9/15/2005
2
2
<1
<1
If displayed, “na” means datum not available due to analysis error or other reason
If displayed, “<” means datum below detection level
Downstream
na
na
<1
1.3
<1
4
10
3
2
1
9
1
1
Table 30: Pigment, Pheophytin a (mg/cubic meter)
Reservoir
Reservoir
Reservoir
Date
Upstream
Surface
Mid-depth
Bottom
5/21/2005
2.74
12.19
14.11
8.54
5/28/2005
9.57
36.65
31.89
34.12
6/1/2005
14.85
30.28
26.79
26.30
6/6/2005
20.63
35.78
36.60
35.85
6/10/2005
26.25
13.94
14.41
23.71
7/15/2005
24.68
35.54
26.76
47.23
7/22/2005
96.40
33.49
24.92
40.71
7/28/2005
75.65
28.15
29.10
27.00
8/10/2005
697.36
48.59
31.87
44.61
8/17/2005
552.01
62.11
30.33
36.77
8/25/2005
600.65
36.28
31.64
15.34
9/8/2005
236.87
110.30
33.23
17.84
9/15/2005
329.47
37.65
32.45
30.44
If displayed, “na” means datum not available due to analysis error or other reason
If displayed, “<” means datum below detection level
93
Downstream
11.58
45.00
27.78
24.64
19.51
22.81
38.80
24.30
28.66
27.33
26.59
98.94
39.16
Summary of Criteria Violations
Table 31: Summary of Criteria Violations.
Date
Parameter
May 21st, 2005
Nitrate
May 28th, 2005
Nitrate
June 1st, 2005
Nitrate
June 6th, 2005
Nitrate
Reservoir surface, reservoir mid-depth,
reservoir bottom, downstream
June 10th, 2005
Nitrate
Upstream, reservoir surface, reservoir
mid-depth, reservoir bottom,
downstream
July 22nd, 2005
Nitrate
Upstream
May 16th, 2005
E. coli
Sandy Beach, West Overlook, Sugar
Bottom
94
Location
Upstream, reservoir surface, reservoir
mid-depth, reservoir bottom,
downstream
Upstream, reservoir surface, reservoir
mid-depth, reservoir bottom,
downstream
Upstream, reservoir surface, reservoir
mid-depth, reservoir bottom,
downstream
Summary of Applicable Water Quality Standards
Table 32: Applicable Water Quality Standards and Criteria.
Parameter
Dissolved Oxygen (mg/L)
*applies only to upper stratification layer in lakes
Escherichia coli (organisms per 100 mL)
Fecal Coliform Bacteria (organisms per 100 mL)
Nitrogen, Ammonia (mg/L as N)
Nitrogen, Nitrate and Nitrite(mg/L)
Nitrogen, Nitrite (mg/L)
Nitrogen, Total Kjeldahl (mg/L)
Pesticides in Common Carp (mg/kg)
pH
Value
Reference
> 5.0 mg/L
> 5.0 mg/L
126 organisms/ 100 mL
(geometric mean)
235 organisms/ 100 mL sample
maximum
No longer regulated
Table 33 thru Table 35
10 mg/L
1 mg/L
0.963 mg/L
2.62 mg/L
< 300 ppb for most
6.5 – 9.0
6.5 – 9.0
Phosphate, total
Pigments, Chlorophyll a (mg/m3)
Water Temperature (°C)
0.06 mg/L
0.12 mg/L
14.6 mg/m3
7.85 mg/m3
No increase >3○C
Increase <1○C per hour
No increase above 32○C
95
Iowa Class B (LW)
EPA criterion, freshwater aquatic
Iowa Class A1
(Mar 15 – Nov 15)
EPA criterion, recreational bathing
IAC, p 8, sec 61.3(3)b(1)
FR, Jun 24, 1986, p 22978
IAC, p 11, sec 61.3(3)a(1)
EPA-4405-84-002
Iowa Class A (Apr 1 – Oct 31)
Iowa Class B
Iowa Class C
Iowa Class C
EPA Ecoregion VI, subregion WCBP
Lakes and reservoirs
Rivers and Streams
FDA action level for food fish
Iowa Class A, B, C
EPA CCC criteria, freshwater
EPA Ecoregion VI, subregion WCBP
Lakes and reservoirs
Rivers and Streams
EPA Ecoregion VI, subregion WCBP
Lakes and reservoirs
Rivers and Streams
Iowa Class B (WW)
na
IAC, p 8, sec 61.3(3)b(3)
IAC, p 17, sec 61.3(3) Table 1
IAC, p 17, sec 61.3(3) Table 1
EPA-822-B-00-008
EPA-822-B-00-017
FDA
IAC, pp 8-9a, sec 61.3(3)a(2)
EPA-822-Z-99-001
EPA-822-B-00-008
EPA-822-B-00-017
EPA-822-B-00-008
EPA-822-B-00-017
IAC, p 9, sec 61.3(3)b(5)
Table 33: Acute criterion for ammonia in Iowa streams.
96
Table 34: Chronic Criterion for Ammonia in Iowa Streams – Early Life Stages Present.
Temperature, oC
pH
0
14
16
18
20
22
24
26
28
30
6.5
6.67
6.67
6.06
5.33
4.68
4.12
3.62
3.18
2.80
2.46
6.6
6.57
6.57
5.97
5.25
4.61
4.05
3.56
3.13
2.75
2.42
6.7
6.44
6.44
5.86
5.15
4.52
3.98
3.50
3.07
2.70
2.37
6.8
6.29
6.29
5.72
5.03
4.42
3.89
3.42
3.00
2.64
2.32
6.9
6.12
6.12
5.56
4.89
4.30
3.78
3.32
2.92
2.57
2.25
7.0
5.91
5.91
5.37
4.72
4.15
3.65
3.21
2.82
2.48
2.18
7.1
5.67
5.67
5.15
4.53
3.98
3.50
3.08
2.70
2.38
2.09
7.2
5.39
5.39
4.90
4.31
3.78
3.33
2.92
2.57
2.26
1.99
7.3
5.08
5.08
4.61
4.06
3.57
3.13
2.76
2.42
2.13
1.87
7.4
4.73
4.73
4.30
3.78
3.32
2.92
2.57
2.26
1.98
1.74
7.5
4.36
4.36
3.97
3.49
3.06
2.69
2.37
2.08
1.83
1.61
7.6
3.98
3.98
3.61
3.18
2.79
2.45
2.16
1.90
1.67
1.47
7.7
3.58
3.58
3.25
2.86
2.51
2.21
1.94
1.71
1.50
1.32
7.8
3.18
3.18
2.89
2.54
2.23
1.96
1.73
1.52
1.33
1.17
7.9
2.80
2.80
2.54
2.24
1.96
1.73
1.52
1.33
1.17
1.03
8.0
2.43
2.43
2.21
1.94
1.71
1.50
1.32
1.16
1.02
0.897
8.1
2.10
2.10
1.91
1.68
1.47
1.29
1.14
1.00
0.879
0.773
8.2
1.79
1.79
1.63
1.43
1.26
1.11
0.973
0.855
0.752
0.661
8.3
1.52
1.52
1.39
1.22
1.07
0.941
0.827
0.727
0.639
0.562
8.4
1.29
1.29
1.17
1.03
0.906
0.796
0.700
0.615
0.541
0.475
8.5
1.09
1.09
0.990
0.870
0.765
0.672
0.591
0.520
0.457
0.401
8.6
0.920
0.920
0.836
0.735
0.646
0.568
0.499
0.439
0.386
0.339
8.7
0.778
0.778
0.707
0.622
0.547
0.480
0.422
0.371
0.326
0.287
8.8
0.661
0.661
0.601
0.528
0.464
0.408
0.359
0.315
0.277
0.244
8.9
0.565
0.565
0.513
0.451
0.397
0.349
0.306
0.269
0.237
0.208
9.0
0.486
0.486
0.442
0.389
0.342
0.300
0.264
0.232
0.204
0.179
97
Table 35: Chronic Criterion for Ammonia in Iowa Streams – Early Life Stages Absent.
Temperature, oC
pH
0–7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15*
16*
6.5
10.8
10.1
9.51
8.92
8.36
7.84
7.35
6.89
6.46
6.06
6.6
10.7
9.99
9.37
8.79
8.24
7.72
7.24
6.79
6.36
5.97
6.7
10.5
9.81
9.20
8.62
8.08
7.58
7.11
6.66
6.25
5.86
6.8
10.2
9.58
8.98
8.42
7.90
7.40
6.94
6.51
6.10
5.72
6.9
9.93
9.31
8.73
8.19
7.68
7.20
6.75
6.33
5.93
5.56
7.0
9.60
9.00
8.43
7.91
7.41
6.95
6.52
6.11
5.73
5.37
7.1
9.20
8.63
8.09
7.58
7.11
6.67
6.25
5.86
5.49
5.15
7.2
8.75
8.20
7.69
7.21
6.76
6.34
5.94
5.57
5.22
4.90
7.3
8.24
7.73
7.25
6.79
6.37
5.97
5.60
5.25
4.92
4.61
7.4
7.69
7.21
6.76
6.33
5.94
5.57
5.22
4.89
4.59
4.30
7.5
7.09
6.64
6.23
5.84
5.48
5.13
4.81
4.51
4.23
3.97
7.6
6.46
6.05
5.67
5.32
4.99
4.68
4.38
4.11
3.85
3.61
7.7
5.81
5.45
5.11
4.79
4.49
4.21
3.95
3.70
3.47
3.25
7.8
5.17
4.84
4.54
4.26
3.99
3.74
3.51
3.29
3.09
2.89
7.9
4.54
4.26
3.99
3.74
3.51
3.29
3.09
2.89
2.71
2.54
8.0
3.95
3.70
3.47
3.26
3.05
2.86
2.68
2.52
2.36
2.21
8.1
3.41
3.19
2.99
2.81
2.63
2.47
2.31
2.17
2.03
1.91
8.2
2.91
2.73
2.56
2.40
2.25
2.11
1.98
1.85
1.74
1.63
8.3
2.47
2.32
2.18
2.04
1.91
1.79
1.68
1.58
1.48
1.39
8.4
2.09
1.96
1.84
1.73
1.62
1.52
1.42
1.33
1.25
1.17
8.5
1.77
1.66
1.55
1.46
1.37
1.28
1.20
1.13
1.06
0.990
8.6
1.49
1.40
1.31
1.23
1.15
1.08
1.01
0.951
0.892
0.836
8.7
1.26
1.18
1.11
1.04
0.976
0.915
0.858
0.805
0.754
0.707
8.8
1.07
1.01
0.944
0.885
0.829
0.778
0.729
0.684
0.641
0.601
8.9
0.917
0.860
0.806
0.756
0.709
0.664
0.623
0.584
0.548
0.513
9.0
0.790
0.740
0.694
0.651
0.610
0.572
0.536
0.503
0.471
0.442
98
Distribution List
Bound Version with CD:
John Castle
Coralville Lake
USACE
Don Koch
Geological Survey Bureau
Iowa Department of Natural Resources
Ken Lloyd
University of Iowa Water Plant
Donna Lutz
Department of Civil, Environmental and Const. Engineering
Ed Moreno
Iowa City Water Division
John Olson
Iowa Department of Natural Resources
Paul Sleeper
Lake MacBride Fisheries Station
Ralph Wilmoth, Director
Johnson County Public Health
1105 Gilbert Court
Iowa City, IA 52240
Electronic:
Stephen Kalkhoff - [email protected]
Michael D. Schueller - [email protected].
99
Appendix A
QA/QC Control Charts
50
UCL
40
UWL
o
Temperature ( C)
30
20
Mean
10
LWL
0
LCL
-10
-20
05 05 05 05 05 05 05 05 05 05 05 05 05 05 05 05 05 05 05 05 05 05
/20/2/200/208/205/20/2/203/200/20/3/20/8/202/207/204/200/202/209/207/200/207/205/20/5/201/20
9
1/2 3 3/2 3/2 4/2 5 5/2 5/3 6 6 6/1 7/1 7/2 7/3 8/1 8/1 8/2 9/1 9/110/1 11 12/1
Figure 97: Year 2005 water temperature accuracy chart.
20
18
UCL
Dissolved Oxygen (mg/L)
16
UWL
14
12
10
Mean
8
6
4
LWL
2
LCL
0
5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
9/23/2/2/20/2/28/2/25/25/2/2/23/2/30/26/3/26/8/2/12/2/17/2/24/2/30/2/12/2/19/2/27/2/10/2/17/2/15/21/5/2/11/2
2
/
1
3 3 4
6 7 7 7 8 8 8 9 9 10 1 12
5 5
Figure 98: Year 2005 dissolved oxygen accuracy chart.
100
14
12
UCL
BOD 5 (mg/L)
10
UWL
8
6
Mean
4
2
LWL
0
LCL
5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
9/23/2/2/20/2/28/2/25/25/2/2/23/2/30/26/3/26/8/2/12/2/17/2/24/2/30/2/12/2/19/2/27/2/10/2/17/2/15/21/5/2/11/2
2
/
6 7 7 7 8 8 8 9 9 10 1 12
5 5
3 3 4
1
Figure 99: Year 2005 biological oxygen demand accuracy chart.
30
UCL
CO2 (mg/L)
20
UWL
10
Mean
0
LWL
LCL
-10
-20
5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
9/23/2/2/20/2/28/2/25/25/2/2/23/2/30/26/3/26/8/2/12/2/17/2/24/2/30/2/12/2/19/2/27/2/10/2/17/2/15/21/5/2/11/2
2
/
6 7 7 7 8 8 8 9 9 10 1 12
5 5
3 3 4
1
Figure 100: Year 2005 carbon dioxide accuracy chart.
101
8.8
UCL
8.6
UWL
8.4
8.2
pH
8.0
Mean
7.8
7.6
7.4
LWL
7.2
LCL
7.0
6.8
5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
9/23/2/2/20/2/28/2/25/25/2/2/23/2/30/26/3/26/8/2/12/2/17/2/24/2/30/2/12/2/19/2/27/2/10/2/17/2/15/21/5/2/11/2
2
/
6 7 7 7 8 8 8 9 9 10 1 12
5 5
3 3 4
1
Figure 101: Year 2005 pH accuracy chart.
350
Total Alkalinity (mg/L as CaCO3)
UCL
300
UWL
250
Mean
200
150
LWL
100
LCL
50
5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
9/23/2/2/20/2/28/2/25/25/2/2/23/2/30/26/3/26/8/2/12/2/17/2/24/2/30/2/12/2/19/2/27/2/10/2/17/2/15/21/5/2/11/2
2
/
6 7 7 7 8 8 8 9 9 10 1 12
5 5
3 3 4
1
Figure 102: Year 2005 total alkalinity accuracy chart.
102
350
Calcium Hardness (mg/L as CaCO3)
UCL
300
UWL
250
200
Mean
150
100
LWL
50
LCL
0
5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
9/23/2/2/20/2/28/2/25/25/2/2/23/2/30/26/3/26/8/2/12/2/17/2/24/2/30/2/12/2/19/2/27/2/10/2/17/2/15/21/5/2/11/2
2
/
6 7 7 7 8 8 8 9 9 10 1 12
5 5
3 3 4
1
Figure 103: Year 2005 calcium hardness accuracy chart.
450
UCL
Total Hardness (mg/L as CaCO3)
400
UWL
350
300
Mean
250
200
LWL
150
LCL
100
50
5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
9/23/2/2/20/2/28/2/25/25/2/2/23/2/30/26/3/26/8/2/12/2/17/2/24/2/30/2/12/2/19/2/27/2/10/2/17/2/15/21/5/2/11/2
2
/
6 7 7 7 8 8 8 9 9 10 1 12
5 5
3 3 4
1
Figure 104: Year 2005 total hardness accuracy chart.
103
12
UCL
10
UWL
TOC (mg/L as C)
8
6
Mean
4
2
LWL
0
LCL
-2
5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
9/23/2/2/20/2/28/2/25/25/2/2/23/2/30/26/3/26/8/2/12/2/17/2/24/2/30/2/12/2/19/2/27/2/10/2/17/2/15/21/5/2/11/2
2
/
1
3 3 4
6 7 7 7 8 8 8 9 9 10 1 12
5 5
Figure 105: Year 2005 organic carbon accuracy chart.
0.6
UCL
0.5
UWL
NH3-N (mg/L)
0.4
0.3
Mean
0.2
0.1
LWL
0.0
LCL
-0.1
5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
9/23/2/2/20/2/28/2/25/25/2/2/23/2/30/26/3/26/8/2/12/2/17/2/24/2/30/2/12/2/19/2/27/2/10/2/17/2/15/21/5/2/11/2
2
/
6 7 7 7 8 8 8 9 9 10 1 12
5 5
3 3 4
1
Figure 106: Year 2005 ammonia nitrogen accuracy chart.
104
0.25
0.20
UCL
0.15
NO2-N (mg/L)
UWL
0.10
0.05
Mean
0.00
LWL
-0.05
LCL
-0.10
5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
9/23/2/2/20/2/28/2/25/25/2/2/23/2/30/26/3/26/8/2/12/2/17/2/24/2/30/2/12/2/19/2/27/2/10/2/17/2/15/21/5/2/11/2
2
/
1
3 3 4
5 5
6 7 7 7 8 8 8 9 9 10 1 12
Figure 107: Year 2005 nitrite nitrogen accuracy chart.
NO3-N(mg/L)
25
20
UCL
15
UWL
10
Mean
5
0
LWL
-5
LCL
-10
5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
9/23/2/2/20/2/28/2/25/25/2/2/23/2/30/26/3/26/8/2/12/2/17/2/24/2/30/2/12/2/19/2/27/2/10/2/17/2/15/21/5/2/11/2
2
/
5 5
6 7 7 7 8 8 8 9 9 10 1 12
3 3 4
1
Figure 108: Year 2005 nitrate nitrogen accuracy chart.
105
5
UCL
UWL
TKN(mg/L as N)
4
3
Mean
2
LWL
1
LCL
0
5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
9/23/2/2/20/2/28/2/25/25/2/2/23/2/30/26/3/26/8/2/12/2/17/2/24/2/30/2/12/2/19/2/27/2/10/2/17/2/15/21/5/2/11/2
2
/
1
3 3 4
5 5
6 7 7 7 8 8 8 9 9 10 1 12
Figure 109: Year 2005 total Kjeldahl nitrogen accuracy chart.
25
UCL
20
Tot. Nitrogen (mg/L)
UWL
15
10
Mean
5
0
LWL
-5
LCL
-10
5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
9/23/2/2/20/2/28/2/25/25/2/2/23/2/30/26/3/26/8/2/12/2/17/2/24/2/30/2/12/2/19/2/27/2/10/2/17/2/15/21/5/2/11/2
2
/
6 7 7 7 8 8 8 9 9 10 1 12
5 5
3 3 4
1
Figure 110: Year 2005 total nitrogen accuracy chart.
106
0.5
UCL
0.4
PO43--P (mg/L)
UWL
0.3
Mean
0.2
0.1
LWL
LCL
0.0
5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
9/23/2/2/20/2/28/2/25/25/2/2/23/2/30/26/3/26/8/2/12/2/17/2/24/2/30/2/12/2/19/2/27/2/10/2/17/2/15/21/5/2/11/2
2
/
6 7 7 7 8 8 8 9 9 10 1 12
5 5
3 3 4
1
Figure 111: Year 2005 orthophosphate accuracy chart.
1.2
1.0
Tot. Phosphorus (mg/L)
UCL
0.8
UWL
0.6
0.4
Mean
0.2
0.0
LWL
-0.2
LCL
-0.4
5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
9/23/2/2/20/2/28/2/25/25/2/2/23/2/30/26/3/26/8/2/12/2/17/2/24/2/30/2/12/2/19/2/27/2/10/2/17/2/15/21/5/2/11/2
2
/
6 7 7 7 8 8 8 9 9 10 1 12
5 5
3 3 4
1
Figure 112: Year 2005 total phosphorus accuracy chart.
107
40
UCL
SiO2 (mg/L)
30
UWL
20
Mean
10
LWL
0
LCL
-10
5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
9/23/2/2/20/2/28/2/25/25/2/2/23/2/30/26/3/26/8/2/12/2/17/2/24/2/30/2/12/2/19/2/27/2/10/2/17/2/15/21/5/2/11/2
2
/
6 7 7 7 8 8 8 9 9 10 1 12
5 5
3 3 4
1
Figure 113: Year 2005 silica accuracy chart.
160
UCL
Total suspended solids (mg/L)
140
120
UWL
100
80
60
Mean
40
20
LWL
0
-20
LCL
-40
05 05 05 05 05 05 05 05 05 05 05 05 05 05 05 05 05 05 05 05 05 05
/20/2/200/208/205/20/2/203/200/20/3/20/8/202/207/204/200/202/209/207/200/207/205/20/5/201/20
9
2
1/ 3 3/2 3/2 4/2 5 5/2 5/3 6 6 6/1 7/1 7/2 7/3 8/1 8/1 8/2 9/1 9/110/1 11 12/1
Figure 114: Year 2005 total suspended solids accuracy chart.
108
January 2005 Monthly Report
Department of Civil and
Environmental Engineering
IIHR – Hydroscience &
Engineering
Coralville Reservoir
Water Quality Project
Monthly Report, January 2005
Claudia Espinosa-Villegas
Craig Just
Tatsuaki Nakato
Jerald Schnoor
109
General Conditions
Samples were collected on Jan 27th at all river and reservoir locations. The general
conditions and hydrologic parameters for each sampling event are highlighted in Table 1.
The stream flow data is taken from the USGS website and is considered provisional.
Table 1: General conditions and hydrologic parameters for each sampling event.
Air Temp.
Noon
Date
○
27-Jan-05
Date
27-Jan-05
C
-9.0
Sky
○
F
15.8
Inflow, USGS05453100
max
min
mean
cfs
cfs
cfs
860
840
*
Scattered Clouds
Previous Day
Precipitation
inches
0
Outflow, USGS05453520
max
min
mean
cfs
cfs
cfs
620
600
613
Pool Level
ft msl
na
* the reported mean reservoir inflow was 373 cfs which cannot be true given the
maximum and minimum reported values of 860 and 840 cfs respectively.
Water Quality Observations
The physical, chemical and biological water quality results are shown in Table 2 and
Table 3 for the reservoir and river locations. Quality assurance and quality control data
are shown in Table 4 and Table 5. The field report(s) for the month are included in
Appendix A.
The water temperature was between 0.8 and 2.6○C at all locations with a mean of 1.7○C.
The dissolved oxygen concentration was lowest at upstream location (12.3 mg/L) and
greatest at the reservoir bottom (15.6 mg/L). The pH was between 7.35 and 7.89 for all
sample locations with a mean of 7.57. The titrated carbon dioxide concentrations were
between 4.5 and 20.5 mg/L with the minima occurring at the upstream and downstream
locations and the maximum occurring at the reservoir bottom. Phenolphthalein alkalinity
was less than 0.1 mg/L as CaCO3 for all samples except the reservoir surface which had a
value of 6 mg/L as CaCO3. Total alkalinity was between 248 and 266 mg/L as CaCO3
for all samples with a mean of 254 mg/L as CaCO3. Calcium hardness was lowest (200
mg/L as CaCO3) at the reservoir surface and greatest (220 mg/L as CaCO3) at the
upstream location. Total hardness was between 290 and 322 mg/L as CaCO3 for all
samples with a mean of 311 mg/L as CaCO3.
Ammonia nitrogen concentrations were between non-detect (<0.1 mg/L-N) and 0.2
mg/L-N for all samples collected. Nitrite nitrogen concentrations were 0.02 mg/L-N for
all locations except the reservoir bottom which had a value of 0.01 mg/L-N. The nitrate
concentration was lowest (3.8 mg/L-N) at the reservoir surface and greatest (4.7 mg/L-N)
110
at the upstream and reservoir bottom locations. Total Kjeldahl nitrogen was between
1.31 and 6.00 mg/L-N for all samples with a mean of 2.63 mg/L-N. Total nitrogen was
lowest (5.8 mg/L-N) at the reservoir mid-depth location and greatest (10.7 mg/L-N) at the
upstream location. Reactive (ortho) phosphate was between 0.09 and 0.20 mg/L-P for all
locations and total phosphorus was lowest at the downstream location (0.12 mg/L-P) and
greatest (0.26 mg/L-P) at the upstream location.
The silica concentration was between non-detect (<1 mg/L as SiO2) and 11 mg/L as SiO2
for all samples and total organic carbon was lowest (1.3 mg/L) at the upstream location
and greatest (4.0 mg/L) at the reservoir mid-depth location. Total suspended solids were
less than 10 mg/L for all samples collected in January 2005. The biological oxygen
demand was between 7.4 and 9.5 mg/L for all samples with a mean of 8.5 mg/L.
No other parameters were measured in January 2005.
111
Table 2: Results, Jan 2005.
Coralville Reservoir Water Quality
Physical, Chemical and Biological Analysis - Table 1 of 2
Date
Alkalinity
Hardness
Nitrogen as N
Diss.
Temp.
Oxygen
Titr.
Calc.
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
22.5
<0.1
252
220
320
0.2
Coralville Reservoir - SURFACE (Downstream from Lake McBride at Mehaffey Bridge)
27-Jan-05
2.6
15.5
7.52
6.0
14.9
6
248
200
290
Coralville Reservoir - MID-DEPTH
27-Jan-05
1.4
14.7
7.58
11.0
13.4
<0.1
256
210
Coralville Reservoir - BOTTOM
27-Jan-05
1.6
15.6
20.5
16.0
<0.1
266
Iowa River Downstream - University Water Plant (Iowa City)
27-Jan-05
2.0
13.4
7.89
4.5
6.3
<0.1
MIN
MAX
MEAN
<0.1
6
na
○
C
pH
Carbon Dioxide
Water
Iowa River Upstream (Green Castle Avenue)
27-Jan-05
0.8
12.3
7.35
4.5
0.8
2.6
1.7
12.3
15.6
14.3
7.52
7.35
7.89
7.57
4.5
20.5
9.3
6.3
22.5
14.6
112
Phenolth. Total Calcium Total NH3-N NO2-N NO3-N
Phosphorus as P
TKN
Total
Ortho-P
Total-P
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
0.02
4.7
6.00
10.7
0.20
0.26
0.1
0.02
3.8
2.44
6.3
0.09
0.15
322
<0.1
0.02
4.5
1.31
5.8
0.13
0.19
216
322
0.1
0.01
4.7
1.69
6.4
0.14
0.16
248
210
300
0.2
0.02
4.3
1.69
6.0
0.12
0.12
248
266
254
200
220
211
290
322
311
<0.1
0.2
na
0.01
0.02
0.02
3.8
4.7
4.4
1.31
6.00
2.63
5.8
10.7
7.1
0.09
0.20
0.14
0.12
0.26
0.18
Table 36: Results, Jan 2005.
Coralville Reservoir Water Quality
Physical, Chemical and Biological Analysis - Table 2 of 2
Date
Silica
TOC
TSS
BOD5
as SiO2
mg/L
Additional Anions
Cl
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
SO4
Additional Cations
Na
K
Pigments
Ion
Balance
chl a
pheo a
3
3
Indicator Org.
chl b
chl c
3
Fecal
3
E. coli
Org. / 100 mL
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
% diff.
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
Coralville Reservoir - SURFACE (Downstream from Lake McBride at Mehaffey Bridge)
27-Jan-05
4
3.3
<10
9.5
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
Coralville Reservoir - MID-DEPTH
27-Jan-05
<1
4.0
<10
8.7
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
Coralville Reservoir - BOTTOM
27-Jan-05
3
2.6
<10
8.9
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
Iowa River Downstream - University Water Plant (Iowa City)
27-Jan-05
8
2.4
<10
8.2
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
MIN
MAX
MEAN
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
Iowa River Upstream (Green Castle Avenue)
27-Jan-05
11
1.3
<10
7.4
<1
11
na
1.3
4.0
2.7
<10
<10
na
7.4
9.5
8.5
na
na
na
113
na
na
na
mg/m
mg/m
mg/m
mg/m
Table 4: Quality Assurance/Control, Jan 2005.
Coralville Reservoir Water Quality
QA/QC: Physical, Chemical and Biological Analysis - Table 1 of 2
Date
Alkalinity
Diss.
Temp.
Oxygen
Titr.
Calc.
C
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
na
na
na
na
na
na
6.0
-33.3
na
na
<0.1
na
258
-2.4
220
0.0
306
4.4
0.17
5.6
Replicate (WP)
27-Jan-05
na
% diff.
na
na
na
na
na
5.5
-22.2
na
na
<0.1
na
248
0.0
204
2.9
296
1.3
Standards (% Recovery)
27-Jan-05
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
Spikes (% Recovery)
27-Jan-05
na
Spike 2
na
Spike 3
na
na
na
na
110
117
96
na
na
na
na
na
na
100
97
96
na
na
na
○
Duplicate (O)
27-Jan-05
% diff.
na
na
na
pH
Carbon Dioxide
Water
114
Hardness
Nitrogen as N
Phenolth. Total Calcium Total NH3-N NO2-N NO3-N
Phosphorus as P
TKN
Total
Ortho-P
Total-P
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
0.02
22.7
4.8
-1.7
5.44
9.4
10.3
4.5
0.27
-35.0
0.27
-3.8
0.19
-5.6
0.02
23.8
4.3
0.0
1.69
0.0
6.0
0.1
0.13
-8.3
0.13
-8.3
na
98
na
na
na
na
127
115
105
100
93
50
74
98
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
95.1
97.9
91.5
100.3
100.1
99.2
Table 5: Quality Assurance/Control, Jan 2005.
Coralville Reservoir Water Quality
QA/QC: Physical, Chemical and Biological Analysis - Table 2 of 2
Date
Silica
TOC
TSS
BOD5
Additional Anions
Cl
as SiO2
SO4
Additional Cations
Na
K
Pigments
Ion
Balance
chl a
pheo a
3
3
Indicator Org.
chl b
chl c
3
Fecal
3
E. coli
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
% diff.
8.9
19.1
1.7
-30.8
<10
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
Replicate (WP)
27-Jan-05
10
% diff.
-21.7
2.5
-4.2
<10
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
Standards (% Recovery)
27-Jan-05
95
100
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
Spikes (% Recovery)
27-Jan-05
110.5
Spike 2
112.1
Spike 3
117.0
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
Duplicate (O)
27-Jan-05
% diff.
55.0
88.0
81.0
115
mg/m
mg/m
mg/m
mg/m
Org. / 100 mL
Appendix A: Supporting Information
Coralville Reservoir Water Quality - Field Report
Physical and Chemical Analysis
Location
Upstream
Res-Surface
Res-Mid
Res-Bottom
Downstream
Date
27-Jan-05
27-Jan-05
27-Jan-05
27-Jan-05
27-Jan-05
Water
Temp.
○
C
Diss.
Oxygen
mg/L
pH
0.8
2.6
1.4
1.6
2.0
12.3
15.5
14.7
15.6
13.4
7.35
7.52
7.58
7.52
7.89
Comments:
Upstream location had 9-10 inches of ice cover.
116
Alkalinity
Hardness
Carbon
Dioxide Phenolth. Total Calcium Total
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L mg/L mg/L
4.5
6.0
11.0
20.5
4.5
<0.1
6
<0.1
<0.1
<0.1
252
248
256
266
248
220
200
210
216
210
320
290
322
322
300
Air Temp.
○
C
-9.0
-9.0
-9.0
-9.0
-9.0
Sky
Previous Day
Precipitation
inches
Scattered Clouds
Scattered Clouds
Scattered Clouds
Scattered Clouds
Scattered Clouds
0
0
0
0
0
○
F
15.8
15.8
15.8
15.8
15.8
February 2005 Monthly Report
Department of Civil and
Environmental Engineering
IIHR – Hydroscience &
Engineering
Coralville Reservoir
Water Quality Project
Monthly Report, February 2005
Claudia Espinosa-Villegas
Craig Just
Tatsuaki Nakato
Jerald Schnoor
117
General Conditions
Samples were collected on Feb 28th at all river and reservoir locations. The general
conditions and hydrologic parameters for each sampling event are highlighted in Table 1.
The stream flow data is taken from the USGS website and is considered provisional.
Table 1: General conditions and hydrologic parameters for each sampling event.
Air Temp.
Noon
Date
○
28-Feb-05
Date
28-Feb-05
C
-7.0
Sky
○
F
19.4
Inflow, USGS05453100
max
min
mean
cfs
cfs
cfs
1,450
1,400
1,420
Light snow
Previous Day
Precipitation
inches
0.07
Outflow, USGS05453520
max
min
mean
cfs
cfs
cfs
1,970
1,790
1,880
Pool Level
ft msl
683.03
Water Quality Observations
The physical, chemical and biological water quality results are shown in Table 2 and
Table 3 for the reservoir and river locations. Quality assurance and quality control data
are shown in Table 4 and Table 5. The field report(s) for the month are included in
Appendix A.
The water temperature was between 3.4 and 7.7○C at all locations with a mean of 5.1○C.
The dissolved oxygen concentration was lowest at the reservoir bottom location (10.9
mg/L) and greatest at the downstream location (18.3 mg/L). The pH was between 6.72
and 7.63 for all sample locations with a mean of 7.21. The titrated carbon dioxide
concentrations were between 17.5 and 22.5 mg/L with the minimum occurring at the
downstream location and the maximum occurring at the reservoir surface.
Phenolphthalein alkalinity was less than 0.1 mg/L as CaCO3 for all samples except the
upstream location which had a value of 4 mg/L as CaCO3. Total alkalinity was between
188 and 238 mg/L as CaCO3 for all samples with a mean of 209 mg/L as CaCO3.
Calcium hardness was lowest (150 mg/L as CaCO3) at the downstream location and
greatest (200 mg/L as CaCO3) at the upstream location. Total hardness was between 246
and 292 mg/L as CaCO3 for all samples with a mean of 257 mg/L as CaCO3.
Ammonia nitrogen concentrations were between 0.2 and 0.5 mg/L-N for all samples
collected. Nitrite nitrogen concentrations ranged from 0.01 mg/L-N for the upstream
location, to 0.5 mg/L-N for the reservoir surface and downstream locations. The nitrate
concentration was lowest (5.2 mg/L-N) at the upstream location and greatest (6.1 mg/LN) at the downstream location. Total Kjeldahl nitrogen was between 2.63 and 3.56
mg/L-N for all samples with a mean of 3.08 mg/L-N. Total nitrogen was lowest (8.7
118
mg/L-N) at upstream location and greatest (9.1 mg/L-N) at the reservoir bottom.
Reactive (ortho) phosphate was between 0.27 and 0.36 mg/L-P for all locations and total
phosphorus was lowest at the reservoir surface and bottom (0.29 mg/L-P) and greatest
(0.37 mg/L-P) at the reservoir mid-depth and downstream locations.
The silica concentration was between 13 mg/L as SiO2 and 17 mg/L as SiO2 for all
samples and total organic carbon was lowest (0.4 mg/L) at the upstream location and
greatest (4.1 mg/L) at downstream location. Total suspended solids ranged from 18 mg/L
for the reservoir surface to 70 mg/L for the upstream location. The biological oxygen
demand was between 5.7 and 8.1 mg/L for all samples with a mean of 6.3 mg/L.
No other parameters were measured in February 2005.
119
Table 2: Results, Feb 2005.
Coralville Reservoir Water Quality
Physical, Chemical and Biological Analysis - Table 1 of 2
Date
Alkalinity
Hardness
Nitrogen as N
Diss.
Temp.
Oxygen
Titr.
Calc.
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
Iowa River Upstream (Green Castle Avenue)
28-Feb-05
3.8
12.8
7.63
20.0
11.1
4
238
200
292
0.2
Coralville Reservoir - SURFACE (Downstream from Lake McBride at Mehaffey Bridge)
28-Feb-05
7.7
12.4
7.62
22.5
na
<0.1
208
164
246
Coralville Reservoir - MID-DEPTH
28-Feb-05
4.9
12.4
7.53
20.0
12.0
<0.1
204
168
Coralville Reservoir - BOTTOM
28-Feb-05
5.5
10.9
20.0
15.4
<0.1
208
Iowa River Downstream - University Water Plant (Iowa City)
28-Feb-05
3.4
18.3
7.60
17.5
9.4
<0.1
MIN
MAX
MEAN
<0.1
4
na
○
C
3.4
7.7
5.1
10.9
18.3
13.3
pH
Carbon Dioxide
Water
7.43
6.72
7.63
7.21
17.5
22.5
20.0
Phenolth. Total Calcium Total NH3-N NO2-N NO3-N
9.4
79.2
25.4
120
Phosphorus as P
TKN
Total
Ortho-P
Total-P
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
0.01
5.2
3.56
8.7
0.27
0.35
0.5
0.03
5.9
3.00
8.9
0.31
0.29
246
0.4
0.03
5.8
3.00
8.8
0.36
0.37
166
256
0.4
0.03
5.9
3.19
9.1
0.29
0.29
188
150
246
0.5
0.04
6.1
2.63
8.8
0.27
0.37
188
238
209
150
200
170
246
292
257
0.2
0.5
0.4
0.01
0.04
0.03
5.2
6.1
5.8
2.63
3.56
3.08
8.7
9.1
8.9
0.27
0.36
0.30
0.29
0.37
0.33
Table 3: Results, Feb 2005.
Coralville Reservoir Water Quality
Physical, Chemical and Biological Analysis - Table 2 of 2
Date
Silica
TOC
TSS
BOD5
as SiO2
mg/L
Additional Anions
Cl
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
SO4
Additional Cations
Na
K
Pigments
Ion
Balance
chl a
pheo a
3
3
Indicator Org.
chl b
chl c
3
Fecal
3
E. coli
Org. / 100 mL
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
% diff.
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
Coralville Reservoir - SURFACE (Downstream from Lake McBride at Mehaffey Bridge)
28-Feb-05
14
0.9
18
5.9
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
Coralville Reservoir - MID-DEPTH
28-Feb-05
17
1.0
25
5.9
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
Coralville Reservoir - BOTTOM
28-Feb-05
15
0.8
5.7
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
Iowa River Downstream - University Water Plant (Iowa City)
28-Feb-05
16
4.1
38
8.1
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
MIN
MAX
MEAN
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
Iowa River Upstream (Green Castle Avenue)
28-Feb-05
13
0.4
70
5.7
13
17
15
0.4
4.1
1.4
25
18
70
35
5.7
8.1
6.3
na
na
na
na
na
na
121
mg/m
mg/m
mg/m
mg/m
Table 4: Quality Assurance/Control, Feb 2005.
Coralville Reservoir Water Quality
QA/QC: Physical, Chemical and Biological Analysis - Table 1 of 2
Date
Water
Diss.
Temp.
Oxygen
Titr.
Calc.
C
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
na
na
na
na
na
na
32.5
-62.5
na
na
4
0.0
236
0.8
164
18.0
282
3.4
0.19
-5.6
Replicate (WP)
28-Feb-05
na
% diff.
na
na
na
na
na
19.5
-11.4
na
na
<0.1
na
186
1.1
146
2.7
244
0.8
Standards (% Recovery)
27-Jan-05
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
Spikes (% Recovery)
28-Feb-05
na
Spike 2
na
Spike 3
na
na
na
na
90
88
95
na
na
na
na
na
na
103
96
100
na
na
na
○
Duplicate (O)
28-Feb-05
% diff.
na
na
na
pH
Carbon Dioxide
Alkalinity
Hardness
Nitrogen as N
Phenolth. Total Calcium Total NH3-N NO2-N NO3-N
122
Phosphorus as P
TKN
Total
Ortho-P
Total-P
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
0.02
-23.1
5.3
-2.7
4.13
-15.8
9.4
-8.1
0.24
11.1
0.47
-34.3
0.46
-2.2
0.04
5.4
6.1
0.0
2.63
0.0
8.8
0.0
0.29
-7.4
0.34
8.1
na
102
na
na
80
na
109
109
117
97
92
86.7
97.7
85.6
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
99.2
108
92.1
100.5
105.7
102.6
Table 5: Quality Assurance/Control, Feb 2005.
Coralville Reservoir Water Quality
QA/QC: Physical, Chemical and Biological Analysis - Table 2 of 2
Date
Silica
TOC
TSS
BOD5
Additional Anions
Cl
as SiO2
SO4
Additional Cations
Na
K
Pigments
Ion
Balance
chl a
pheo a
3
3
Indicator Org.
chl b
chl c
3
Fecal
3
E. coli
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
% diff.
12.4
3.9
2.0
-400.0
36
48.6
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
4.2
-2.4
32
15.8
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
Standards (% Recovery)
28-Feb-05
94
104
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
Spikes (% Recovery)
28-Feb-05
109.5
Spike 2
101.3
Spike 3
110.8
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
Duplicate (O)
28-Feb-05
% diff.
Replicate (WP)
28-Feb-05
13
% diff.
16.0
107.0
110.0
95.0
123
mg/m
mg/m
mg/m
mg/m
Org. / 100 mL
Appendix A: Supporting Information
Coralville Reservoir Water Quality - Field Report
Physical and Chemical Analysis
Location
Upstream
Res-Surface
Res-Mid
Res-Bottom
Downstream
Date
28-Feb-05
28-Feb-05
28-Feb-05
28-Feb-05
28-Feb-05
Water
Temp.
○
C
Diss.
Oxygen
mg/L
pH
3.8
7.7
4.9
5.5
3.4
12.8
12.4
12.4
10.9
18.3
7.63
6.72
7.53
7.43
7.60
Alkalinity
Hardness
Carbon
Dioxide Phenolth. Total Calcium Total
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L mg/L mg/L
20.0
22.5
20.0
20.0
17.5
Comments:
124
4
<0.1
<0.1
<0.1
<0.1
238
208
204
208
188
200
164
168
166
150
292
246
246
256
246
Air Temp.
○
C
-7.0
-7.0
-7.0
-7.0
-7.0
Sky
Previous Day
Precipitation
inches
Light snow
Light snow
Light snow
Light snow
Light snow
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
○
F
19.4
19.4
19.4
19.4
19.4
March 2005 Monthly Report
Department of Civil and
Environmental Engineering
IIHR – Hydroscience &
Engineering
Coralville Reservoir
Water Quality Project
Monthly Report, March 2005
Claudia Espinosa-Villegas
Craig Just
Tatsuaki Nakato
Jerald Schnoor
125
General Conditions
Samples were collected on Mar 18th and Mar 26th at all river and reservoir locations. The
general conditions and hydrologic parameters for each sampling event are highlighted in
Table 1. The stream flow data is taken from the USGS website and is considered
provisional.
Table 1: General conditions and hydrologic parameters for each sampling event.
Date
○
18-Mar-05
26-Mar-05
Date
18-Mar-05
26-Mar-05
Sky
Air Temp.
Noon
○
C
F
7.5
45.5
6.1
43.0
Inflow, USGS05453100
max
min
mean
cfs
cfs
cfs
890
875
879
920
855
887
Previous Day
Precipitation
inches
Clear
0.00
Partly cloudy
0.09
Pool Level
Outflow, USGS05453520
max
min
mean
cfs
cfs
cfs
ft msl
1,350
1,240
1,290
679.79
1,320
1,230
1,280
679.66
Water Quality Observations
The physical, chemical and biological water quality results are shown in Table 2 and
Table 3 for the reservoir and river locations. Quality assurance and quality control data
are shown in Table 4 and Table 5. The field report(s) for the month are included in
Appendix A.
The water temperature minimum on Mar 18th was 3.9°C (upstream) and the maximum
was 8.9°C (reservoir bottom). For Mar 26th the minimum and maximum temperature was
5.7 and 11.9°C at the reservoir mid-depth and surface respectively. Site specific
dissolved oxygen concentrations were lower on Mar 18th compared to Mar 26th, with the
exception of the downstream location. The monthly minimum of 11.3 mg/L was well
above the criterion for healthy lakes and streams. The pH ranged from 7.53 to 8.16 for
the dates sampled, with the maxima occurring at the downstream location on March 18th
and 26th (8.16 and 8.11).
Titrated carbon dioxide values were between 3 and 20 mg/L for all samples collected in
Mar 2005 with a mean of 12.1 mg/L. Phenolphthalein alkalinity was non-detectable at
several locations on Mar 18th and was between 6 and 12 mg/L for all samples collected
Mar 26th. Total alkalinity values were lower on Mar 26th compared to Mar 18th for all
sample locations with a low of 220 mg/L as CaCO3 and a high of 244 mg/L as CaCO3 for
the month. Calcium hardness for the month was much lower on March 26th with values
ranging from 84 to 114 mg/L as CaCO3, while March 26th calcium hardness ranged from
200 to 220 mg/L as CaCO3. Total hardness values were also lower site-by-site on Mar
26th compared to Mar 18th, with a monthly range of 260 to 324 mg/L as CaCO3 and an
average of 290 mg/L as CaCO3 for all samples collected.
126
Ammonia nitrogen ranged from <0.1 mg/L-N at the upstream location (March 18th), to
0.2 mg/L-N at the reservoir surface (March 18th); all other values for the month were 0.1
mg/L-N. Nitrite values ranged from 0.01 to 0.03 mg/L-N for the month. Nitrate values
ranged from 3.4 to 6.4 mg/L-N with a monthly average of 5.2 mg/L-N. Total Kjeldahl
nitrogen was highest at the upstream location for both sample sets (2.44 and 2.81 mg/L
respectively); all other values were between 0.94 and 2.25 mg/L. Total nitrogen values
were generally lower on March 18th than March 26th, with the exception of the mid-depth
reservoir location. Total nitrogen ranged from 5.8 mg/L-N to 8.7 mg/L-N, with a
monthly mean of 7.0 mg/L-N. Orthophosphate concentrations had a monthly mean of
0.15 mg/L-P, a minimum of 0.10 mg/L-P at the downstream location on March 26th, and
a maximum of 0.21 mg/L-P on March 18th at the upstream location. The same trend was
present for total phosphorus with the maximum recorded at the upstream location on Mar
18th (0.34 mg/L-P) and the minimum recorded at the downstream location on Mar 26th
(0.18 mg/L-P).
Silica was generally higher site-by-site on Mar 18th compared to Mar 26th with a monthly
mean of 9 mg/L as SiO2. Total organic carbon ranged from 1.3 to 7.4 mg/L with a
monthly mean of 3.4 mg/L. Total suspended solids were greatest (50 mg/L) at the
upstream location on Mar 18th and lowest (14 mg/L) at the downstream location Mar 18th.
Biological oxygen demand was similar at all sites on both sampling events in Mar 2005
with a monthly mean of 6.1 mg/L.
Additional ions reported for the month include chloride, sulfate, sodium and potassium
(Table 3). Ion balances were outside of the recommended control limit of ± 2% for all
samples in March 2005.
127
Table 2: Results, Mar 2005.
Coralville Reservoir Water Quality
Physical, Chemical and Biological Analysis - Table 1 of 2
Date
Alkalinity
Hardness
Nitrogen as N
Diss.
Temp.
Oxygen
Titr.
Calc.
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
6.1
6.1
<1
6
244
226
220
114
324
282
<0.1
0.1
Coralville Reservoir - SURFACE (Downstream from Lake McBride at Mehaffey Bridge)
18-Mar-05
7.8
11.4
7.75
13.0
8.5
<1
240
212
308
26-Mar-05
11.9
11.5
7.53
10.0
13.5
6
230
84
260
Coralville Reservoir - MID-DEPTH
18-Mar-05
5.6
11.8
7.90
26-Mar-05
5.7
13.0
7.97
12.0
18.5
5.8
4.9
<1
6
234
230
202
104
Coralville Reservoir - BOTTOM
18-Mar-05
8.9
12.2
26-Mar-05
7.6
12.8
5.5
20.0
7.1
4.4
<1
6
242
220
Iowa River Downstream - University Water Plant (Iowa City)
18-Mar-05
5.6
13.0
8.16
3.0
3.2
26-Mar-05
9.3
12.0
8.11
13.0
3.6
10
12
MIN
MAX
MEAN
na
na
na
○
C
pH
Carbon Dioxide
Water
Iowa River Upstream (Green Castle Avenue)
18-Mar-05
3.9
11.3
7.90
19.5
26-Mar-05
6.3
12.5
7.87
6.0
3.9
11.9
7.2
11.3
13.0
12.1
7.83
8.00
7.53
8.16
7.93
3.0
20.0
12.1
3.2
13.5
6.3
128
Phenolth. Total Calcium Total NH3-N NO2-N NO3-N
Phosphorus as P
TKN
Total
Ortho-P
Total-P
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
0.01
0.01
3.4
5.8
2.44
2.81
5.9
8.6
0.21
0.19
0.34
0.31
0.2
0.1
0.02
0.02
4.3
6.4
1.50
1.31
5.8
7.7
0.15
0.13
0.28
0.23
300
266
0.1
0.1
0.02
0.02
5.3
5.0
0.94
1.13
6.3
6.1
0.16
0.12
0.24
0.21
206
94
310
272
0.1
0.1
0.02
0.02
4.8
6.0
1.88
1.88
6.7
7.9
0.19
0.12
0.26
0.21
238
236
200
96
304
270
0.1
0.1
0.03
0.02
4.8
6.4
1.13
2.25
6.0
8.7
0.13
0.10
0.20
0.18
220
244
234
84
220
153
260
324
290
na
0.2
0.1
0.01
0.03
0.02
3.4
6.4
5.2
0.94
2.81
1.73
5.8
8.7
7.0
0.10
0.21
0.15
0.18
0.34
0.25
Table 3: Results, Mar 2005.
Coralville Reservoir Water Quality
Physical, Chemical and Biological Analysis - Table 2 of 2
Date
Silica
TOC
TSS
BOD5
as SiO2
mg/L
Additional Anions
Cl
K
Balance
chl a
pheo a
3
3
Indicator Org.
chl b
chl c
3
Fecal
3
E. coli
Org. / 100 mL
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
% diff.
Iowa River Upstream (Green Castle Avenue)
18-Mar-05
13
2.4
50
5.1
26-Mar-05
6
2.1
48
6.4
na
22.4
na
40.7
na
11.0
na
1.8
na
-11.0
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
Coralville Reservoir - SURFACE (Downstream from Lake McBride at Mehaffey Bridge)
18-Mar-05
12
1.3
26
6.0
na
na
na
na
na
26-Mar-05
7
3.3
34
5.6
24.3
41.7
11.0
1.7
-16.1
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
Coralville Reservoir - MID-DEPTH
18-Mar-05
13
2.9
32
26-Mar-05
8
4.1
32
5.6
6.8
na
19.5
na
32.8
na
10.0
na
1.7
na
-10.8
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
Coralville Reservoir - BOTTOM
18-Mar-05
13
1.8
46
26-Mar-05
6
7.3
36
6.7
7.0
na
23.7
na
40.3
na
10.0
na
1.8
na
-12.9
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
Iowa River Downstream - University Water Plant (Iowa City)
18-Mar-05
6
7.4
14
7.2
na
na
26-Mar-05
6
1.8
30
4.9
28.2
42.8
na
12.0
na
1.7
na
-16.1
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
MIN
MAX
MEAN
10.0
12.0
10.8
1.7
1.8
1.7
-16.1
-10.8
-13.4
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
1.3
7.4
3.4
mg/L
Na
Pigments
Ion
mg/L
6
13
9
mg/L
SO4
Additional Cations
14
50
35
4.9
7.2
6.1
19.5
28.2
23.6
32.8
42.8
39.7
129
mg/m
mg/m
mg/m
mg/m
Table 4: Quality Assurance/Control, Mar 2005.
Coralville Reservoir Water Quality
QA/QC: Physical, Chemical and Biological Analysis - Table 1 of 2
Date
Water
Diss.
Temp.
Oxygen
Titr.
Calc.
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
○
C
pH
Carbon Dioxide
Alkalinity
Hardness
Nitrogen as N
Phenolth. Total Calcium Total NH3-N NO2-N NO3-N
Phosphorus as P
TKN
Total
Ortho-P
Total-P
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
Duplicate (O)
18-Mar-05
5.74
% diff.
na
26-Mar-05
6.97
% diff.
na
11.01
na
12.6
na
7.92
na
7.88
na
15.5
20.5
17.5
-191.7
5.9
3.8
5.8
4.9
<1
na
6
0.0
246
-0.8
220
2.7
132
40.0
112
1.8
308
4.9
274
2.8
0.06
-200.0
0.08
-14.3
0.02
-66.7
0.01
44.4
5.3
-54.1
5
13.8
2.44
0.0
2.81
0.0
7.8
-31.7
7.8
9.3
0.19
9.5
0.14
26.3
0.29
14.7
0.28
9.7
Replicate (WP)
18-Mar-05
6.03
% diff.
na
26-Mar-05
9.81
% diff.
na
12.57
na
14.05
na
8.18
na
8.1
na
17.5
-483.3
11.5
11.5
3.1
4.6
100.0
10
0.0
8
33.3
238
0.0
228
3.4
100
50.0
158
-64.6
300
1.3
292
-8.1
0.12
-33.3
0.14
-7.7
0.02
24.1
0.01
44.4
4.8
0.0
6.5
-0.9
0.94
16.6
2.25
0.0
5.8
3.3
8.8
-0.6
0.12
7.7
0.12
-20.0
0.2
0.0
0.19
-5.6
Standards (% Recovery)
18-Mar-05
na
na
26-Mar-05
na
na
na
na
na
100
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
100
101
103
106
na
na
100
90
84
na
na
na
106
93
112
106
Spikes (% Recovery)
18-Mar-05
na
Spike 2
na
Spike 3
na
26-Mar-05
na
Spike 2
na
Spike 3
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
125
100
83
93
120
95
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
92
94
96
100
104
100
na
na
na
na
na
na
110
100
103
100
95
95
99.1
94.7
94.5
86.3
89.4
91.4
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
107.1
106.1
100
114.1
104.2
111.8
108.7
11.6
105
107.2
114
98.9
na
na
na
na
na
na
130
Table 5: Quality Assurance/Control, Mar 2005.
Coralville Reservoir Water Quality
QA/QC: Physical, Chemical and Biological Analysis - Table 2 of 2
Date
Silica
TOC
TSS
BOD5
as SiO2
Additional Anions
Cl
SO4
Additional Cations
Na
K
Pigments
Ion
Balance
chl a
pheo a
3
3
Indicator Org.
chl b
chl c
3
Fecal
3
E. coli
Org. / 100 mL
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
% diff.
mg/m
Duplicate (O)
18-Mar-05
15.1
% diff.
-15.3
26-Mar-05
5.9
% diff.
-1.7
1.8
25.0
1.7
19.0
33
34.0
33
31.3
na
na
na
na
na
na
18.8
16.1
na
na
33.9
16.7
na
na
10
9.1
na
na
1.6
11.1
na
na
-8.4
23.6
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
Replicate (WP)
18-Mar-05
8
% diff.
-19.0
26-Mar-05
6
% diff.
3.3
3.1
58.1
2.0
-11.1
24
-71.4
34
-13.3
na
na
na
na
na
na
28.2
-0.2
na
na
43.0
-0.5
na
na
13.0
-8.3
na
na
3.5
-105.9
na
na
-10.9
32.4
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
Standards (% Recovery)
18-Mar-05
97
109
26-Mar-05
94
109
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
Spikes (% Recovery)
18-Mar-05
86.5
Spike 2
102.5
Spike 3
64.8
26-Mar-05
85.2
Spike 2
81.9
Spike 3
70.5
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
72.0
95.0
74.0
180.0
149.0
101.0
131
mg/m
mg/m
mg/m
Appendix A: Supporting Information
Coralville Reservoir Water Quality - Field Report
Physical and Chemical Analysis
Location
Upstream
Res-Surface
Res-Mid
Res-Bottom
Downstream
Date
18-Mar-05
18-Mar-05
18-Mar-05
18-Mar-05
18-Mar-05
Water
Temp.
Diss.
Oxygen
○
C
mg/L
5.9
7.8
5.6
8.9
5.6
11.3
11.4
11.8
12.2
13.0
pH
7.90
7.75
7.90
7.83
8.16
Alkalinity
Hardness
Carbon
Dioxide Phenolth. Total Calcium Total
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
19.5
13.0
12.0
5.5
3.0
<0.1
<0.1
<0.1
<0.1
10
244
240
234
242
238
220
212
202
206
200
324
308
300
310
304
Comments:
132
Air Temp.
Noon
○
C
7.5
7.5
7.5
7.5
7.5
Sky
○
inches
F
45.5
45.5
45.5
45.5
45.5
Previous Day
Precipitation
Clear
Clear
Clear
Clear
Clear
0
0
0
0
0
Coralville Reservoir Water Quality - Field Report
Physical and Chemical Analysis
Location
Date
Water
Temp.
○
Upstream
Res-Surface
Res-Mid
Res-Bottom
Downstream
26-Mar-05
26-Mar-05
26-Mar-05
26-Mar-05
26-Mar-05
Diss.
Oxygen
C
mg/L
6.3
11.9
5.7
7.6
9.3
12.5
11.5
13.0
12.8
12.0
pH
7.87
7.53
7.97
8.00
8.11
Alkalinity
Hardness
Carbon
Dioxide Phenolth. Total Calcium Total
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
6.0
10.0
18.5
20.0
13.0
6
6
6
6
12
226
230
230
220
236
114
84
104
94
96
282
260
266
272
270
Comments:
133
Air Temp.
Noon
○
C
6.1
6.1
6.1
6.1
6.1
Sky
○
inches
F
43.0
43.0
43.0
43.0
43.0
Previous Day
Precipitation
Partly cloudy
Partly cloudy
Partly cloudy
Partly cloudy
Partly cloudy
0.09
0.09
0.09
0.09
0.09
April 2005 Monthly Report
Department of Civil and
Environmental Engineering
IIHR – Hydroscience &
Engineering
Coralville Reservoir
Water Quality Project
Monthly Report, April 2005
Claudia Espinosa-Villegas
Craig Just
Tatsuaki Nakato
Jerald Schnoor
134
General Conditions
Samples were collected on Apr 23rd and Apr 30th at all river and reservoir locations. The
general conditions and hydrologic parameters for each sampling event are highlighted in
Table 1. The stream flow data is taken from the USGS website and is considered
provisional.
Table 1: General conditions and hydrologic parameters for each sampling event.
Date
○
23-Apr-05
30-Apr-05
Date
23-Apr-05
30-Apr-05
Sky
Air Temp.
Noon
○
C
F
5.6
42.1
10.6
51.1
Inflow, USGS05453100
max
min
mean
cfs
cfs
cfs
2,860
2,720
2,780
2,840
2,550
2,690
Previous Day
Precipitation
inches
Clear
0.84
Clear
0.00
Pool Level
Outflow, USGS05453520
max
min
mean
cfs
cfs
cfs
ft msl
3,550
3,240
3,380
679.46
3,410
3,340
3,370
679.82
Water Quality Observations
The physical, chemical and biological water quality results are shown in Table 2 and
Table 3 for the reservoir and river locations. Quality assurance and quality control data
are shown in Table 4 and Table 5. The field report(s) for the month are included in
Appendix A.
The water temperature was between 11.7 and 16.8°C for all samples collected in Apr
2005. The dissolved oxygen concentration was lowest (9.3 mg/L) at the reservoir middepth on Apr 23rd and greatest (11.7 mg/L) at the upstream location on Apr 30th. The
mean pH value was 7.67 for all samples collected in Apr 2005 with a minimum of 7.27
and a maximum of 7.91. The calculated values for dissolved carbon dioxide were
between 5.5 and 24.7 mg/L with a mean of 11.4 mg/L for all samples in Apr 2005.
Titrated values of carbon dioxide were generally twice as much as the calculated values
with a mean value of 17.3 mg/L, a minimum of 9.5 mg/L and a maximum of 24.0 mg/L.
Phenolphthalein alkalinity ranged from 4 to 10 mg/L for Apr 23rd but was less than 1
mg/L for the upstream location on Apr 30th. Total alkalinity was between 222 and 240
mg/L as CaCO3 with a mean of 228 mg/L as CaCO3 for all samples analyzed in Apr
2005. Calcium hardness was lowest (62 mg/L as CaCO3) at the downstream location Apr
23rd and was greatest (238 mg/L as CaCO3) at the upstream location on Apr 30th. Total
hardness was between 242 and 330 mg/L as CaCO3 for all samples in Apr 2005 with a
mean of 302 mg/L as CaCO3.
Ammonia nitrogen was between 0.1 and 0.3 mg/L-N for all samples in Apr 2005 and
nitrite was between 0.01 and 0.06 mg/L-N for all samples. Nitrate was between 6.5 and
9.8 mg/L-N for all samples in Apr 2005 with a mean of 8.5 mg/L-N. Total Kjeldahl
135
nitrogen was between 1.31 and 7.13 mg/L-N and total nitrogen was between 8.8 and 14.0
mg/L-N for all samples in Apr 2005. Orthophosphate was between 0.17 and 0.31 mg/L-P
and total phosphorus was between 0.26 and 0.69 mg/L-P for all samples in Apr 2005.
The dissolved silica concentration was lower on Apr 30th than Apr 23rd for all stations
with a minimum of 11 mg/L as SiO2 at the downstream location on Apr 30th and a
maximum of 24 mg/L as SiO2 at the reservoir mid-depth location on Apr 23rd. Total
organic carbon was between 2.4 mg/L and 8.0 mg/L for all samples analyzed in Apr
2005. The total suspended solids concentrations were between less than 10 mg/L
(reservoir bottom on Apr 30th) and 230 mg/L (upstream location). The biological oxygen
demand was between 4.9 and 7.4 mg/L for all samples analyzed.
Ion balances were calculated for the Apr 30th sample set with resulting percent errors
between -8.2 and -4.1.
136
Table 2: Results, Apr 2005.
Coralville Reservoir Water Quality
Physical, Chemical and Biological Analysis - Table 1 of 2
Date
Alkalinity
Hardness
Nitrogen as N
Diss.
Temp.
Oxygen
Titr.
Calc.
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
8.8
8.3
10
<1
238
240
218
238
330
324
0.1
0.1
Coralville Reservoir - SURFACE (Downstream from Lake McBride at Mehaffey Bridge)
23-Apr-05
13.1
10.8
7.38
20.0
18.5
4
222
186
324
30-Apr-05
13.9
9.3
7.27
9.5
24.7
4
230
236
306
Coralville Reservoir - MID-DEPTH
23-Apr-05
12.9
11.3
7.69
30-Apr-05
11.8
9.4
7.67
18.0
14.5
9.0
9.8
6
10
222
230
112
218
Coralville Reservoir - BOTTOM
23-Apr-05
13.0
11.5
30-Apr-05
12.0
9.6
16.5
20.0
9.7
10.6
6
6
222
228
Iowa River Downstream - University Water Plant (Iowa City)
23-Apr-05
16.8
11.0
7.70
24.0
8.9
30-Apr-05
12.2
10.4
7.91
20.0
5.5
6
4
MIN
MAX
MEAN
<1
na
na
○
C
pH
Carbon Dioxide
Water
Iowa River Upstream (Green Castle Avenue)
23-Apr-05
13.6
11.7
7.73
15.0
30-Apr-05
11.7
9.8
7.76
15.5
11.7
16.8
13.1
9.3
11.7
10.5
7.66
7.63
7.27
7.91
7.67
9.5
24.0
17.3
5.5
24.7
11.4
137
Phenolth. Total Calcium Total NH3-N NO2-N NO3-N
Phosphorus as P
TKN
Total
Ortho-P
Total-P
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
0.02
0.01
6.9
9.2
7.13
1.69
14.0
10.9
0.24
0.31
0.69
0.51
0.3
0.2
0.04
0.03
7.9
9.7
3.19
1.50
11.1
11.2
0.17
0.25
0.38
0.26
272
302
0.3
0.2
0.05
0.03
8.6
9.2
2.63
2.25
11.3
11.5
0.18
0.23
0.41
0.26
94
214
316
308
0.3
0.2
0.04
0.03
6.5
9.2
2.25
1.31
8.8
10.5
0.19
0.24
0.40
0.27
224
226
62
210
242
300
0.3
0.2
0.06
0.03
8.4
9.8
2.25
1.50
10.7
11.3
0.18
0.26
0.33
0.27
222
240
228
62
238
179
242
330
302
0.1
0.3
0.2
0.01
0.06
0.03
6.5
9.8
8.5
1.31
7.13
2.57
8.8
14.0
11.1
0.17
0.31
0.23
0.26
0.69
0.38
Table 3: Results, Apr 2005.
Coralville Reservoir Water Quality
Physical, Chemical and Biological Analysis - Table 2 of 2
Date
Silica
TOC
TSS
BOD5
as SiO2
mg/L
Additional Anions
Cl
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
SO4
Additional Cations
Na
K
Pigments
Ion
Balance
chl a
pheo a
3
3
Indicator Org.
chl b
chl c
3
Fecal
3
E. coli
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
% diff.
na
18.1
na
15.0
na
7.3
na
1.7
na
-4.1
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
Coralville Reservoir - SURFACE (Downstream from Lake McBride at Mehaffey Bridge)
23-Apr-05
21
4.9
51
6.2
na
na
na
na
30-Apr-05
17
5.6
17
5.2
19.8
16.3
7.3
1.5
na
-6.8
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
Coralville Reservoir - MID-DEPTH
23-Apr-05
24
3.7
60
30-Apr-05
15
3.4
12
7.0
4.9
na
18.3
na
13.9
na
7.2
na
1.6
na
-5.7
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
Coralville Reservoir - BOTTOM
23-Apr-05
21
3.4
58
30-Apr-05
12
5.9
<10
7.2
5.2
na
18.3
na
12.5
na
7.3
na
1.5
na
-4.2
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
Iowa River Downstream - University Water Plant (Iowa City)
23-Apr-05
16
2.4
48
6.5
na
na
30-Apr-05
11
3.2
11
5.2
23.6
16.7
na
8.1
na
1.5
na
-8.2
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
MIN
MAX
MEAN
7.2
8.1
7.4
1.5
1.7
1.6
-8.2
-4.1
-5.8
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
Iowa River Upstream (Green Castle Avenue)
23-Apr-05
22
8.0
230
7.4
30-Apr-05
18
7.1
150
5.2
11
24
18
2.4
8.0
4.8
<10
na
na
4.9
7.4
6.0
18.1
23.6
19.6
138
12.5
16.7
14.9
mg/m
mg/m
mg/m
mg/m
Org. / 100 mL
Table 4: Quality Assurance/Control, Apr 2005.
Coralville Reservoir Water Quality
QA/QC: Physical, Chemical and Biological Analysis - Table 1 of 2
Date
Alkalinity
Diss.
Temp.
Oxygen
Titr.
Calc.
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
7.74
na
7.77
na
15.0
0.0
16.0
-3.2
8.1
8.0
7.6
8.0
10
0.0
2
na
224
5.9
226
5.8
228
-4.6
220
7.6
296
10.3
312
3.7
0.16
-14.3
0.1
16.7
7.68
na
7.9
na
27.0
-12.5
17.0
15.0
9.2
-3.8
5.6
-2.3
12
-100.0
6
-50.0
222
0.9
226
0.0
90
-45.2
204
2.9
246
-1.7
300
0.0
na
na
100
na
na
na
na
na
104
108
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
110
100
90
118
95
88
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
100
98
96
84
102
99
na
na
na
na
na
na
○
C
Duplicate (O)
23-Apr-05
13.78
10.63
% diff.
na
na
30-Apr-05
11.85
9.1
% diff.
na
na
Replicate (WP)
23-Apr-05
16.36
9.86
% diff.
na
na
30-Apr-05
12.31
9.97
% diff.
na
na
Standards (% Recovery)
23-Apr-05
na
na
30-Apr-05
na
na
Spikes (% Recovery)
23-Apr-05
na
na
Spike 2
na
na
Spike 3
na
na
30-Apr-05
na
na
Spike 2
na
na
Spike 3
na
na
pH
Carbon Dioxide
Water
139
Hardness
Nitrogen as N
Phenolth. Total Calcium Total NH3-N NO2-N NO3-N
Phosphorus as P
TKN
Total
Ortho-P
Total-P
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
0.02
-5.9
0.01
45.5
6.7
2.2
9.2
0.0
7.50
-5.3
1.69
0.0
14.2
-1.6
10.9
0.0
0.19
20.8
0.25
19.4
0.70
-1.4
0.54
-5.9
0.31
3.1
0.15
6.3
0.06
-3.3
0.03
-20.0
8.2
2.4
9.5
3.1
2.25
0.0
1.5
0.0
10.5
1.8
11.0
2.6
0.18
0.0
0.17
34.6
0.36
-9.1
0.32
-18.5
100
na
103
100
na
na
106
na
92
86.95
na
na
109
na
106
na
120
100
98
111
88
98
92.5
99.3
99.3
102.6
97.3
98.4
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
94.1
97.5
97.8
na
na
na
117.8
113.4
109.4
na
na
na
Table 5: Quality Assurance/Control, Apr 2005.
Coralville Reservoir Water Quality
QA/QC: Physical, Chemical and Biological Analysis - Table 2 of 2
Date
Silica
TOC
TSS
BOD5
Cl
as SiO2
mg/L
Additional Anions
mg/L
Duplicate (O)
23-Apr-05
26.6
8.8
% diff.
-19.8
-10.0
30-Apr-05
17.6
7.6
% diff.
1.3
-7.0
Replicate (WP)
23-Apr-05
22
4.3
% diff.
-38.3
-79.2
30-Apr-05
16
2.5
% diff.
-44.9
21.9
Standards (% Recovery)
23-Apr-05
95
96
30-Apr-05
96
96
Spikes (% Recovery)
23-Apr-05
66.2
96.0
Spike 2
74.3
117.0
Spike 3
69.9
104.0
30-Apr-05
na
113.0
Spike 2
na
122.0
Spike 3
na
111.0
SO4
Additional Cations
Na
K
Ion
Balance
Pigments
chl a
pheo a
3
3
Indicator Org.
chl b
chl c
3
Fecal
3
E. coli
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
% diff.
118
48.7
145
3.3
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
55
-14.6
10
9.1
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
140
mg/m
mg/m
mg/m
mg/m
Org. / 100 mL
Appendix A: Supporting Information
Coralville Reservoir Water Quality - Field Report
Physical and Chemical Analysis
Location
Upstream
Res-Surface
Res-Mid
Res-Bottom
Downstream
Date
23-Apr-05
23-Apr-05
23-Apr-05
23-Apr-05
23-Apr-05
Water
Temp.
○
C
Diss.
Oxygen
mg/L
pH
13.6
13.1
12.9
13.0
16.8
11.7
10.8
11.3
11.5
11.0
7.73
7.38
7.69
7.66
7.70
Comments:
The reported carbon dioxide results are titrated values.
141
Alkalinity
Hardness
Carbon
Dioxide Phenolth. Total Calcium Total
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L mg/L mg/L
15.0
20.0
18.0
16.5
24.0
10
4
6
6
6
238
222
222
222
224
218
186
112
94
62
330
324
272
316
242
Air Temp.
○
C
5.6
5.6
5.6
5.6
5.6
Sky
Previous Day
Precipitation
inches
Clear
Clear
Clear
Clear
Clear
0.84
0.84
0.84
0.84
0.84
○
F
42.1
42.1
42.1
42.1
42.1
Coralville Reservoir Water Quality - Field Report
Physical and Chemical Analysis
Location
Date
Water
Temp.
○
Upstream
Res-Surface
Res-Mid
Res-Bottom
Downstream
30-Apr-05
30-Apr-05
30-Apr-05
30-Apr-05
30-Apr-05
Diss.
Oxygen
C
mg/L
11.7
13.9
11.8
12.0
12.2
9.8
9.3
9.4
9.6
10.4
pH
7.76
7.27
7.67
7.63
7.91
Comments:
142
Alkalinity
Hardness
Carbon
Dioxide Phenolth. Total Calcium Total
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
15.5
9.5
14.5
20.0
20.0
<1
4
10
6
4
240
230
230
228
226
238
236
218
214
210
324
306
302
308
300
Air Temp.
Noon
○
C
10.6
10.6
10.6
10.6
10.6
Sky
○
inches
F
51.1
51.1
51.1
51.1
51.1
Previous Day
Precipitation
Clear
Clear
Clear
Clear
Clear
0
0
0
0
0
May 2005 Monthly Report
Department of Civil and
Environmental Engineering
IIHR – Hydroscience &
Engineering
Coralville Reservoir
Water Quality Project
Monthly Report, May 2005
Claudia Espinosa-Villegas
Craig Just
Tatsuaki Nakato
Jerald Schnoor
143
General Conditions
General Conditions
Samples were collected on May 21st and May 28th at all river and reservoir locations.
The general conditions and hydrologic parameters for each sampling event are
highlighted in Table 1. The stream flow data is taken from the USGS website and is
considered provisional.
Table 1: General conditions and hydrologic parameters for each sampling event.
Air Temp.
Noon
Date
○
21-May-05
28-May-05
Date
21-May-05
28-May-05
Sky
○
C
F
20.0
68.0
5.0
41.0
Inflow, USGS05453100
max
min
mean
cfs
cfs
cfs
8,110
7,780
7,980
3,490
3,330
3,410
Previous Day
Precipitation
inches
Clear
0.00
Mostly Cloudy
0.02
Pool Level
Outflow, USGS05453520
max
min
mean
cfs
cfs
cfs
ft msl
6,280
6,190
6,240
684.39
5,590
4,970
5,220
684.42
Water Quality Observations
The physical, chemical and biological water quality results are shown in Table 2 and
Table 3 for the reservoir and river locations. Quality assurance and quality control data
are shown in Table 4 and Table 5. The field report(s) for the month are included in
Appendix A.
The water temperature was between 17.1 and 20.4○C at all sample locations with the
minimum value recorded at the upstream location on May 21st and the maximum value
recorded at the downstream location on May 28th. The dissolved oxygen concentrations
were between 7.4 and 10.1 mg/L at all sample locations. The minimum pH value (6.95)
was recorded at the reservoir surface May 21st and the maximum value (7.99) was
recorded at the downstream location on May 28th. The mean pH value of all locations
was 7.49.
Titrated carbon dioxide values ranged from <0.1 to 8.5 mg/L and calculated carbon
dioxide values were between 4.5 and 45.7 mg/L. Phenolphthalein alkalinity was below 6
mg/L as CaCO3 for all samples and total alkalinity was between 190 and 240 mg/L as
CaCO3 with a mean of 217 mg/L as CaCO3. The minimum calcium hardness
concentration (196 mg/L as CaCO3) was at the downstream location on May 21st and the
maximum (268 mg/L as CaCO3) was at the upstream location on May 21st. The total
hardness concentration ranged from 250 to 306 mg/L as CaCO3 for the month with the
mean total hardness concentration equal to 279 mg/L as CaCO3.
144
Ammonia nitrogen concentrations for all samples were between 0.1 and 0.2 mg/L-N and
nitrite concentrations were between 0.02 and 0.10 mg/L-N. The nitrate concentrations
exceeded the 10 mg/L drinking water standard for all samples collected with a maximum
of 13.9 mg/L-N for the upstream location on May 28th. Total Kjeldahl concentrations
were between 1.50 and 3.94 mg/L-N with a mean of 2.16 mg/L-N. Total nitrogen
concentrations were between 13.5 and 16.7 mg/L-N for all samples collected in May
2005 with a mean of 14.8 mg/L-N. The orthophosphate minimum concentration (0.17
mg/L-P) was recorded at the downstream location on May 28th and the maximum
concentration (0.30 mg/L-P) was recorded at the upstream location on May 21st. Total
phosphorus concentrations were between 0.24 and 0.47 mg/L-P for all samples collected
in May 2005.
Silica concentrations were between 17 and 30 mg/L as SiO2 with a mean of 21mg/L as
SiO2. The minimum organic carbon concentration (2.9 mg/L) was recorded at the
downstream location on May 21st and the maximum value (14.3 mg/L) was at the
upstream location on May 28th. The maximum total suspended solids concentration (261
mg/L) was at the upstream location on May 21st perhaps explaining the elevated organic
carbon concentration at the same location and time. The minimum total suspended solids
concentration (30 mg/L) was found at the reservoir mid-depth. The biological oxygen
demand was between 3.5 and 6.6 mg/L for all May 2005 samples. Pigment analysis
determined that chlorophyll a levels for May 2005 were below detection limit (1 mg/m3)
for all samples collected, while pheophytin a values for the month ranged from a
minimum of 2.7 to 45 mg/m3.
Ion balances and indicator organisms were not determined in May 2005.
145
Table 2: Results, May 2005.
Coralville Reservoir Water Quality
Physical, Chemical and Biological Analysis - Table 1 of 2
Date
Alkalinity
Hardness
Nitrogen as N
Diss.
Temp.
Oxygen
Titr.
Calc.
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
Iowa River Upstream (Green Castle Avenue)
21-May-05
17.1
9.9
7.44
4.0
28-May-05
17.8
10.1
7.63
<0.1
15.5
11.2
<1
4
214
240
268
216
284
300
0.2
0.1
Coralville Reservoir - SURFACE (Downstream from Lake McBride at Mehaffey Bridge)
21-May-05
18.1
8.0
6.95
4.5
45.7
2
204
208
252
28-May-05
19.1
8.5
7.66
<0.1
10.0
8
230
210
296
Coralville Reservoir - MID-DEPTH
21-May-05
18.0
8.3
7.50
28-May-05
18.7
8.0
7.92
10.0
<0.1
12.7
5.5
6
6
202
230
242
224
Coralville Reservoir - BOTTOM
21-May-05
17.9
7.4
28-May-05
18.0
8.2
6.5
<0.1
15.3
6.9
2
6
202
234
Iowa River Downstream - University Water Plant (Iowa City)
21-May-05
19.0
8.5
7.63
8.5
8.9
28-May-05
20.4
8.4
7.99
<0.1
4.5
4
6
MIN
MAX
MEAN
<1
8
na
○
C
17.1
20.4
18.4
7.4
10.1
8.5
pH
Carbon Dioxide
Water
7.42
7.83
6.95
7.99
7.60
<0.1
10.0
na
4.5
45.7
13.6
146
Phenolth. Total Calcium Total NH3-N NO2-N NO3-N
Phosphorus as P
TKN
Total
Ortho-P
Total-P
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
0.08
0.02
12.4
13.9
3.94
2.81
16.4
16.7
0.30
0.24
0.41
0.47
0.2
0.2
0.10
0.06
12.2
12.6
2.44
2.06
14.7
14.7
0.23
0.24
0.25
0.26
264
286
0.2
0.2
0.09
0.06
12.7
12.3
2.06
2.25
14.9
14.6
0.23
0.20
0.24
0.28
226
228
256
306
0.2
0.1
0.09
0.06
12.6
12.5
1.50
1.50
14.2
14.1
0.21
0.18
0.25
0.27
190
222
196
224
250
296
0.2
0.1
0.08
0.07
12.2
11.9
1.50
1.50
13.8
13.5
0.20
0.17
0.28
0.25
190
240
217
196
268
224
250
306
279
0.1
0.2
0.2
0.02
0.10
0.07
11.9
13.9
12.5
1.50
3.94
2.16
13.5
16.7
14.8
0.17
0.30
0.22
0.24
0.47
0.30
Table 3: Results, May 2005.
`
Coralville Reservoir Water Quality
Physical, Chemical and Biological Analysis - Table 2 of 2
Date
Silica
TOC
TSS
BOD5
as SiO2
mg/L
Additional Anions
Cl
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
SO4
Additional Cations
Na
K
Ion
Balance
Pigments
chl a
pheo a
3
3
Indicator Org.
chl b
chl c
3
Fecal
3
E. coli
Org. / 100 mL
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
% diff.
mg/m
mg/m
mg/m
mg/m
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
<1
<1
2.74
9.57
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
Coralville Reservoir - SURFACE (Downstream from Lake McBride at Mehaffey Bridge)
21-May-05
30
4.4
33
4.0
na
na
na
na
28-May-05
21
3.5
71
4.2
na
na
na
na
na
na
<1
<1
12.19
36.65
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
Coralville Reservoir - MID-DEPTH
21-May-05
17
5.1
30
28-May-05
21
3.1
70
4.3
3.9
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
<1
<1
14.11
31.89
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
Coralville Reservoir - BOTTOM
21-May-05
17
3.8
28-May-05
26
3.2
3.5
4.2
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
<1
<1
8.54
34.12
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
Iowa River Downstream - University Water Plant (Iowa City)
21-May-05
21
2.9
32
4.0
na
na
28-May-05
22
3.5
68
3.5
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
<1
<1
11.58
45.00
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
MIN
MAX
MEAN
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
<1
na
na
2.7
45.0
20.6
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
Iowa River Upstream (Green Castle Avenue)
21-May-05
23
5.2
92
6.6
28-May-05
17
14.3
261
4.9
17
30
21
2.9
14.3
4.9
32
76
30
261
77
3.5
6.6
4.3
na
na
na
147
na
na
na
Table 4: Quality Assurance/Control, May 2005.
Coralville Reservoir Water Quality
QA/QC: Physical, Chemical and Biological Analysis - Table 1 of 2
Date
Alkalinity
Diss.
Temp.
Oxygen
Titr.
Calc.
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
○
C
Duplicate (O)
21-May-05
na
% diff.
na
28-May-05
na
% diff.
na
Replicate (WP)
21-May-05
na
% diff.
na
28-May-05
na
% diff.
na
Standards (% Recovery)
21-May-05
na
28-May-05
na
Spikes (% Recovery)
21-May-05
na
Spike 2
na
Spike 3
na
28-May-05
na
Spike 2
na
Spike 3
na
pH
Carbon Dioxide
Water
Hardness
Nitrogen as N
Phenolth. Total Calcium Total NH3-N NO2-N NO3-N
Phosphorus as P
TKN
Total
Ortho-P
Total-P
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
na
na
na
na
7.45
na
7.66
na
5.0
-25.0
<0.1
na
14.6
5.9
10.0
10.6
2
na
8
-100.0
206
3.7
230
4.2
244
9.0
228
-5.6
280
1.4
308
-2.7
0.17
-13.3
0.11
-37.5
0.08
-1.3
0.02
0.0
13.2
-6.5
14.0
-0.7
3.94
0.0
3.00
-6.6
17.2
-4.9
17.0
-1.7
0.18
40.0
0.2
16.7
0.38
7.3
0.21
55.3
na
na
na
na
7.68
-0.7
8.01
na
4.5
47.1
<0.1
na
7.8
11.9
4.5
1.1
2
50.0
8
-33.3
188
1.1
230
-3.6
204
-4.1
232
-3.6
248
0.8
286
3.4
0.19
-11.8
0.16
-23.1
0.08
-1.3
0.069
-3.0
12.2
0.0
12.1
-1.7
1.50
0.0
1.5
0.0
13.8
0.0
13.7
-1.5
0.2
0.0
0.16
5.9
0.27
3.6
0.24
4.0
na
na
na
na
100
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
100
106
na
na
119.2
111.2
82.6
86
na
na
103
109
109
109
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
107
80
104
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
104
96
100
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
100
100
100
100
100
100
111.9
101.3
106.6
100.7
96.1
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
106
102.7
102.1
102.8
97.3
98.8
95.2
105.4
102.6
97.8
96.8
99.5
148
Table 5: Quality Assurance/Control, May 2005.
Coralville Reservoir Water Quality
QA/QC: Physical, Chemical and Biological Analysis - Table 2 of 2
Date
Silica
TOC
TSS
BOD5
Cl
as SiO2
mg/L
Additional Anions
mg/L
Duplicate (O)
21-May-05
20
4.3
% diff.
12.6
17.3
28-May-05
22
3.3
% diff.
-32.1
76.9
Replicate (WP)
21-May-05
25
2.9
% diff.
-19.5
0.0
28-May-05
19
4.5
% diff.
9.9
-28.6
Standards (% Recovery)
21-May-05
110
104
28-May-05
130
104
Spikes (% Recovery)
21-May-05
79.5
na
Spike 2
107.2
110.0
Spike 3
81.8
107.0
28-May-05
57.1
102.0
Spike 2
47.2
109.0
Spike 3
41.0
97.0
SO4
Additional Cations
Na
K
Ion
Balance
Pigments
chl a
pheo a
3
3
Indicator Org.
chl b
chl c
3
Fecal
3
E. coli
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
% diff.
mg/m
100
-8.7
166
36.4
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
30
6.3
74
-8.8
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
149
mg/m
mg/m
mg/m
Org. / 100 mL
Appendix A: Supporting Information
Coralville Reservoir Water Quality - Field Report
Physical and Chemical Analysis
Location
Date
Water
Temp.
○
Upstream
Res-Surface
Res-Mid
Res-Bottom
Downstream
21-May-05
21-May-05
21-May-05
21-May-05
21-May-05
Diss.
Oxygen
C
mg/L
17.1
18.1
18.0
17.9
19.0
9.9
8.0
8.3
7.4
8.5
Alkalinity
Hardness
Carbon
Dioxide Phenolth. Total Calcium Total
pH
7.44
6.95
7.50
7.42
7.63
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
4.0
4.5
10.0
6.5
8.5
<1
2
6
2
4
214
204
202
202
190
268
208
242
226
196
284
252
264
256
250
Comments:
The upstream location was flooded. All data is from the Marengo alternate site.
150
Air Temp.
Noon
○
C
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
Sky
○
inches
F
68.0
68.0
68.0
68.0
68.0
Previous Day
Precipitation
Clear
Clear
Clear
Clear
Clear
0
0
0
0
0
Coralville Reservoir Water Quality - Field Report
Physical and Chemical Analysis
Location
Upstream
Res-Surface
Res-Mid
Res-Bottom
Downstream
Date
28-May-05
28-May-05
28-May-05
28-May-05
28-May-05
Water
Temp.
○
C
Diss.
Oxygen
mg/L
pH
Carbon
Alkalinity
Hardness
Dioxide Phenolth. Total Calcium Total
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L mg/L mg/L
17.8
19.1
18.7
18.0
20.4
10.1
8.5
8.0
8.2
8.4
7.63
7.66
7.92
7.83
7.99
Comments:
151
<0.1
<0.1
<0.1
<0.1
<0.1
4
8
6
6
6
240
230
230
234
222
216
210
224
228
224
300
296
286
306
296
Air Temp.
○
C
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
Sky
Previous Day
Precipitation
inches
Mostly cloudy
Mostly cloudy
Mostly cloudy
Mostly cloudy
Mostly cloudy
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
○
F
41.0
41.0
41.0
41.0
41.0
June 2005 Monthly Report
Department of Civil and
Environmental Engineering
IIHR – Hydroscience & Engineering
Coralville Reservoir Water
Quality Project
Monthly Report, June 2005
Claudia Espinosa-Villegas
Craig Just
Tatsuaki Nakato
Jerald Schnoor
152
General Conditions
Samples were collected on June 1st, 6th and 10th at all river and reservoir locations. The
general conditions and hydrologic parameters for each sampling event are highlighted in
Table 1. The stream flow data is taken from the USGS website and is considered
provisional.
Table 1: General conditions and hydrologic parameters for each sampling event.
Air Temp.
Noon
Date
○
1-Jun-05
6-Jun-05
10-Jun-05
Date
3-Jun-04
10-Jun-04
23-Jun-04
Sky
○
C
F
27.2
81.0
29.4
84.9
30.0
86.0
Inflow, USGS05453100
max
min
mean
cfs
cfs
cfs
2,730
2,560
2,650
2,830
2,290
2,630
2,350
2,170
2,220
Previous Day
Precipitation
inches
Clear
0.00
Mostly cloudy
0.19
Clear
0.00
Pool Level
Outflow, USGS05453520
max
min
mean
cfs
cfs
cfs
ft msl
3,380
2,960
3,130
683.38
3,080
3,010
3,040
683.57
2,788
2,420
2,570
683.32
Water Quality Observations
The physical, chemical and biological water quality results are shown in Table 2 and
Table 3 for the reservoir and river locations. Quality assurance and quality control data
are shown in Table 4 and Table 5. The field reports for the month are included in
Appendix A. Indicator organism data supplied by the University Hygienic Laboratory
for the reservoir beaches are shown in Appendix A.
Dissolved oxygen for the month of June 2005 ranged from 5.6 to 9.8 mg/L for all
sampling locations. The dissolved oxygen criterion for lakes is 5.0 mg/L, and applies
only to the upper layer of stratification; hence, the criterion was not exceeded during any
sampling event. The values for pH at the field ranged from 7.55 to 8.60, with a monthly
mean of 7.96. The pH measured in the laboratory ranged from 7.60 to 8.50, with a
monthly mean of 8.27. The Phenolphthalein` alkalinity minimum (6 mg/L as CaCO3)
occurred at the reservoir bottom on June 1st, the maximum (14 mg/L as CaCO3) occurred
at the same location on June 6th, the monthly mean was 9 mg/L as CaCO3. Total
alkalinity was between 206 and 246 mg/L as CaCO3, with a mean of 225 mg/L as CaCO3.
Calcium hardness ranged from 204 and 258 mg/L as CaCO3 and total hardness was
between 288 and 376 mg/L as CaCO3.
Ammonia nitrogen never exceeded 0.3 mg/L-N; nitrite was very low (<0.07 mg/L-N for
all locations) as is typical; nitrate was between 9.8 and 14.3 mg/L-N as determined by ion
chromatography and total Kjeldahl nitrogen was between 1.31 and 2.63 mg/L. The
drinking water standard for nitrate of 10.0 mg/L-N was exceeded at all sampling
153
locations, on all sampling dates, with the exception of the upstream location on June 6th
(9.8 mg/L). Total nitrogen for the month of June 2005, was between 11.1 and 16.1 mg/L,
with a mean of 14.4 mg/L.
Orthophosphate was between 0.17 and 0.28 mg/L-P and total phosphorus was between
0.22 and 0.87 mg/L-P. The biological oxygen demand was between 3.2 and 5.6 mg/L.
Silica ranged from 12 to 37 mg/L-SiO2, with a monthly mean of 21 mg/L-SiO2. The
mean value for total organic carbon was 4.6 mg/L, a maximum value of 12.7 mg/L was at
the upstream location on June 6th, and a minimum of 2.3 mg/L was at the reservoir middepth also on June 6th. An unusually high value for suspended solids (372 mg/L) was
determined for the upstream location on June 6th, a minimum of 22 mg/L was found on
June 10th at the surface of the reservoir, and a monthly mean of 87 mg/L was determined
for June 2005.
Chlorophyll a was generally the greatest at the reservoir, with a monthly high equal to
30.7 mg/m3 on June 6th at the mid-depth point. Pheophytin a was greater than chlorophyll
a for all sampling dates and locations, with a monthly mean of 25.2 mg/m3. Chlorophyll b
was below the detection limit of 1.00 mg/m3 for all samples. Chlorophyll c ranged from
below detection level to 3.1 mg/m3 on June 6th at the reservoir mid-depth.
Indicator organisms were generally greatest at the upstream location with maxima of
11,000 and 9,100 organisms per 100 mL for fecal coliform and E. coli respectively for
the Jun 6th sampling event. Sandy Beach, West Overlook Beach and Sugar Bottom Beach
were sampled on June 6th, 13th, 20th and 27th. There were no exceedances in either fecal
coliform or E. Coli levels in the water (See Appendix).
154
Table 2: Results, June 2005.
Coralville Reservoir Water Quality
Physical, Chemical and Biological Analysis - Table 1 of 2
Date
Diss.
Temp.
Oxygen
Titr.
Calc.
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
○
C
pH
Carbon Dioxide
Water
Alkalinity
Hardness
Nitrogen as N
Phenolth. Total Calcium Total NH3-N NO2-N NO3-N TKN
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
Phosphorus as P
Total
Ortho-P
Total-P
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
306
340
358
0.1
0.2
0.1
0.01
0.03
0.01
14.3
9.8
12.8
1.50
1.31
1.69
15.8
11.1
14.5
0.23
0.23
0.28
0.46
0.87
0.47
294
350
344
0.2
0.2
0.3
0.04
0.05
0.06
13.6
10.8
12.9
2.44
1.88
2.06
16.1
12.7
15.0
0.21
0.21
0.22
0.26
0.26
0.22
306
366
342
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.05
0.05
0.06
13.7
10.9
13.0
1.88
1.69
1.69
15.6
12.6
14.7
0.20
0.23
0.23
0.31
0.25
0.28
Iowa River Upstream (Green Castle Avenue)
1-Jun-05
19.8
9.1
8.48
<1
1.5
8
236
204
6-Jun-05
22.8
7.3
7.76
<1
7.1
8
206
246
10-Jun-05
25.3
7.7
8.28
<1
2.3
10
224
258
Coralville Reservoir - SURFACE (Downstream from Lake McBride at Mehaffey Bridge)
1-Jun-05
20.5
9.7
8.17
<1
3.1
10
230
214
6-Jun-05
23.9
7.8
8.60
<1
1.1
10
232
252
10-Jun-05
25.4
7.7
7.99
<1
4.7
10
232
244
Coralville Reservoir - MID-DEPTH
1-Jun-05
21.6
8.9
8.06
<1
3.9
8
226
234
6-Jun-05
26.6
8.0
8.24
<1
2.6
8
232
250
10-Jun-05
25.4
7.2
7.96
<1
4.5
12
208
242
Coralville Reservoir - BOTTOM
1-Jun-05
20.1
9.1
8.03
<1
4.1
6
222
214
6-Jun-05
24.2
7.8
8.13
<1
3.6
14
246
244
10-Jun-05
29.2
5.6
7.55
2.0
12.1
10
216
242
Iowa River Downstream - University Water Plant (Iowa City)
1-Jun-05
19.8
9.8
7.82
<1
6.7
8
224
208
6-Jun-05
22.7
8.1
8.02
<1
4.4
8
232
256
10-Jun-05
24.9
8.5
7.60
<1
10.8
12
216
240
292
366
340
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.04
0.03
0.07
13.6
13.2
13.0
1.69
1.50
2.63
15.4
14.8
15.7
0.17
0.20
0.23
0.31
0.25
0.41
288
376
350
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.05
0.05
0.05
12.7
11.4
13.0
1.50
2.44
1.50
14.2
13.9
14.6
0.23
0.28
0.19
0.25
0.29
0.25
MIN
MAX
MEAN
288
376
335
0.1
0.3
0.2
0.01
0.07
0.04
9.8
14.3
12.6
1.31
2.63
1.83
11.1
16.1
14.4
0.17
0.28
0.22
0.22
0.87
0.34
19.8
29.2
23.5
5.6
9.8
8.1
7.55
8.60
8.05
<1
2.0
na
1.1
12.1
4.8
155
6
14
9
206
246
225
204
258
237
Table 3: Results, June 2005.
Coralville Reservoir Water Quality
Physical, Chemical and Biological Analysis - Table 2 of 2
Date
Silica
TOC
TSS
BOD5
as SiO2
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
Additional Anions
Ion
Additional Cations
Na
K
Balance
chl a
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
% diff.
mg/m
na
na
na
4.5
3.3
4.6
14.9
20.6
26.3
<1
<1
<1
1.6
<1
<1
90
11000
1500
40
9100
1000
na
na
na
17.1
23.1
10.8
30.3
35.8
13.9
<1
<1
<1
2.2
1.8
<1
20
<10
40
20
<10
30
na
na
na
5.1
30.7
9.1
26.8
36.6
14.4
<1
<1
<1
<1
3.1
<1
<10
<10
45
<10
<10
20
na
na
na
5.5
29.1
3.2
26.3
35.9
23.7
<1
<1
<1
<1
1.9
<1
20
20
150
20
20
110
na
na
na
7.0
17.2
6.7
27.8
24.6
19.5
<1
<1
<1
<1
1.3
<1
63
1400
190
55
1300
170
12
37
21
2.3
12.7
4.6
22
372
87
3.2
5.6
4.6
na
na
na
3.2
30.7
11.8
13.9
36.6
25.2
<1
<1
na
<1
3.1
na
<10
11000
na
<10
9100
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
156
na
na
na
na
na
na
3
pheo a
chl b
3
mg/m
Indicator Org.
SO4
Iowa River Upstream (Green Castle Avenue)
1-Jun-05
15
5.7
164
4.9
na
na
na
na
6-Jun-05
14
12.7
372
5.3
na
na
na
na
10-Jun-05
31
6.7
140
3.3
na
na
na
na
Coralville Reservoir - SURFACE (Downstream from Lake McBride at Mehaffey Bridge)
1-Jun-05
13
3.5
28
5.5
na
na
na
na
6-Jun-05
27
2.5
31
5.0
na
na
na
na
10-Jun-05
23
4.6
22
4.0
na
na
na
na
Coralville Reservoir - MID-DEPTH
1-Jun-05
18
3.3
70
5.1
na
na
na
na
6-Jun-05
14
2.3
40
5.5
na
na
na
na
10-Jun-05
33
4.0
152
3.3
na
na
na
na
Coralville Reservoir - BOTTOM
1-Jun-05
13
2.6
45
4.8
na
na
na
na
6-Jun-05
37
5.1
38
5.0
na
na
na
na
10-Jun-05
25
5.0
78
3.2
na
na
na
na
Iowa River Downstream - University Water Plant (Iowa City)
1-Jun-05
12
2.7
46
5.6
na
na
na
na
6-Jun-05
18
3.8
54
4.8
na
na
na
na
10-Jun-05
26
4.2
32
4.1
na
na
na
na
MIN
MAX
MEAN
Pigments
Cl
mg/m
chl c
3
mg/m
Fecal
3
E. coli
Org. / 100 mL
Table 4: Quality Assurance/Control, June 2005.
Coralville Reservoir Water Quality
QA/QC: Physical, Chemical and Biological Analysis - Table 1 of 2
Date
Water
Diss.
Temp.
Oxygen
Titr.
Calc.
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
○
C
Duplicate (O)
1-Jun-05
na
% diff.
na
6-Jun-05
na
% diff.
na
10-Jun-05
na
% diff.
na
Replicate (WP)
1-Jun-05
na
% diff.
na
6-Jun-05
na
% diff.
na
10-Jun-05
na
% diff.
na
Standards (% Recovery)
1-Jun-05
na
6-Jun-05
na
10-Jun-05
na
Spikes (% Recovery)
1-Jun-05
na
Spike 2
na
Spike 3
na
6-Jun-05
na
Spike 2
na
Spike 3
na
10-Jun-05
na
Spike 2
na
Spike 3
na
pH
Carbon Dioxide
Alkalinity
Hardness
Nitrogen as N
Phenolth. Total Calcium Total NH3-N NO2-N NO3-N
Phosphorus as P
TKN
Total
Ortho-P
Total-P
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
na
na
na
na
na
na
8.38
na
na
na
na
na
<1
na
<1
na
<1
na
2.0
-28.8
1.8
-14.7
1.9
2.9
10
-25.0
8
0.0
14
-40.0
240
-1.7
210
-1.9
228
-1.8
210
-2.9
240
2.4
240
7.0
296
3.3
328
3.5
348
2.8
0.11
8.3
0.19
9.5
0.1
-11.1
0.01
0.0
0.02
25.0
0.01
61.5
14.0
1.9
10.4
-6.2
13.0
-1.5
1.50
0.0
1.50
-14.2
1.5
11.1
15.5
1.7
11.9
-7.1
14.5
0.0
0.21
8.7
0.21
8.7
0.21
25.0
0.45
2.2
0.79
9.2
0.45
4.3
na
na
na
na
na
na
8.4
na
na
na
na
na
<1
na
<1
na
<1
na
1.9
-14.3
1.4
-0.6
1.4
87.1
14
-75.0
12
-50.0
10
16.7
250
-11.6
228
1.7
212
1.9
210
-1.0
264
-3.1
232
3.3
282
2.1
366
2.7
352
-0.6
0.18
5.3
0.21
-5.0
0.18
10.0
0.05
-13.3
0.02
48.9
0.02
60.4
na
na
11.1
2.1
14.0
-7.4
1.69
-12.5
1.31
46.1
1.31
12.5
na
na
12.5
10.0
100.0
0.22
4.3
0.21
25.0
0.18
5.3
0.29
-16.0
0.28
3.4
0.26
-4.0
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
105
108
105
na
na
na
na
na
na
153
82.6
na
na
na
na
112
109
114.7
106
106
100
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
85
85
83
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
100
104
100
104
112
107
100
102
99
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
100
104
100
100
120
113
111
110
100
104.6
98
98.7
100.4
98.6
95.7
105
99.8
99
77.7
100.6
na
81.4
103.5
na
99.5
101.4
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
111.7
96.4
94
104.9
91.2
96.6
na
na
na
96.7
94.2
91.3
96.2
90.9
93.1
101.9
101
101.9
157
Table 5: Quality Assurance/Control, June 2005.
Coralville Reservoir Water Quality
QA/QC: Physical, Chemical and Biological Analysis - Table 2 of 2
Date
Silica
TOC
TSS
BOD5
as SiO2
mg/L
mg/L
Duplicate (O)
1-Jun-05
15.7
4.1
% diff.
-5.2
28.1
6-Jun-05
19.61
13.2
% diff.
-40.2
-3.9
10-Jun-05
20.46
5.8
% diff.
33.8
13.4
Replicate (WP)
1-Jun-05
13
3.0
% diff.
-6.3
-11.1
6-Jun-05
17
4.1
% diff.
7.1
-7.9
10-Jun-05
24
3.2
% diff.
8.4
23.8
Standards (% Recovery)
1-Jun-05
87
95
6-Jun-05
102
96
10-Jun-05
104
105
Spikes (% Recovery)
1-Jun-05
92.1
99.0
Spike 2
98.4
96.0
Spike 3
92.2
101.0
6-Jun-05
78.1
108.0
Spike 2
70.8
119.0
Spike 3
76.3
107.0
10-Jun-05
93.6
111.0
Spike 2
99.7
110.0
Spike 3
92.7
100.0
Additional Anions
Additional Cations
Ion
Pigments
Cl
SO4
Na
K
Balance
chl a
3
pheo a
chl b
3
mg/m
Indicator Org.
chl c
3
Fecal
3
E. coli
Org. / 100 mL
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
% diff.
mg/m
162
1.2
377
-1.3
175
-25.0
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
2.8
37.6
2.6
20.8
7.1
-53.5
15.1
-1.5
23.3
-12.8
32.4
-23.6
<1
na
<1
na
<1
na
<1
na
<1
na
<1
na
55
38.9
19,000
-72.7
1200
20.0
45
-12.5
18,000
-97.8
990
1.0
33
28.3
54
0.0
30
6.3
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
4.6
34.7
15.3
11.0
10.5
-57.1
27.5
1.0
25.5
-3.7
22.0
-12.7
<1
na
<1
na
<1
na
<1
na
<1
na
<1
na
30
52.4
2500
-78.6
170
10.5
30
45.5
2000
-53.8
110
35.3
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
158
mg/m
mg/m
Appendix A: Supporting Information
Coralville Reservoir Water Quality - Field Report
Physical and Chemical Analysis
Location
Upstream
Res-Surface
Res-Mid
Res-Bottom
Downstream
Date
1-Jun-05
1-Jun-05
1-Jun-05
1-Jun-05
1-Jun-05
Water
Temp.
○
C
Diss.
Oxygen
mg/L
pH
Carbon
Alkalinity
Hardness
Dioxide Phenolth. Total Calcium Total
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L mg/L mg/L
19.8
20.5
21.6
20.1
14.8
9.1
9.7
8.9
9.1
9.8
8.48
8.17
8.06
8.03
7.82
<0.1
<0.1
<0.1
<0.1
<0.1
8
10
8
6
8
236
230
226
222
224
Comments:
Upstream location was flooded. Sampling was done at alternate location near Marengo.
159
204
214
234
214
208
306
294
306
292
288
Air Temp.
○
C
27.2
27.2
27.2
27.2
27.2
Sky
Previous Day
Precipitation
inches
Clear
Clear
Clear
Clear
Clear
0
0
0
0
0
○
F
81.0
81.0
81.0
81.0
81.0
Coralville Reservoir Water Quality - Field Report
Physical and Chemical Analysis
Location
Upstream
Res-Surface
Res-Mid
Res-Bottom
Downstream
Date
Water
Temp.
○
C
Diss.
Oxygen
mg/L
pH
Carbon
Alkalinity
Hardness
Dioxide Phenolth. Total Calcium Total
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L mg/L mg/L
6-Jun-05
6-Jun-05
6-Jun-05
6-Jun-05
6-Jun-05
22.8
23.9
26.6
24.2
22.7
7.3
7.8
8.0
7.8
8.1
7.76
8.60
8.24
8.13
8.02
Comments:
160
<0.1
<0.1
<0.1
<0.1
<0.1
8
10
8
14
8
206
232
232
246
232
246
252
250
244
256
340
350
366
366
376
Air Temp.
Noon
○
○
C
F
29.4
29.4
29.4
29.4
29.4
84.9
84.9
84.9
84.9
84.9
Sky
Previous Day
Precipitation
inches
Mostly cloudy
Mostly cloudy
Mostly cloudy
Mostly cloudy
Mostly cloudy
0.19
0.19
0.19
0.19
0.19
Coralville Reservoir Water Quality - Field Report
Physical and Chemical Analysis
Location
Upstream
Res-Surface
Res-Mid
Res-Bottom
Downstream
Date
Water
Temp.
○
C
Diss.
Oxygen
mg/L
pH
Carbon
Alkalinity
Hardness
Dioxide Phenolth. Total Calcium Total
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L mg/L mg/L
10-Jun-05
10-Jun-05
10-Jun-05
10-Jun-05
10-Jun-05
25.3
25.4
29.2
24.9
23.8
7.7
7.7
7.2
5.6
8.5
8.28
7.99
7.96
7.55
7.60
Comments:
161
<0.1
<0.1
<0.1
0.4
<0.1
10
10
12
10
12
224
232
208
216
216
258
244
242
242
240
358
344
342
340
350
Air Temp.
Noon
○
○
C
F
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
86.0
86.0
86.0
86.0
86.0
Sky
Previous Day
Precipitation
inches
Clear
Clear
Clear
Clear
Clear
0
0
0
0
0
July 2005 Monthly Report
Department of Civil and
Environmental Engineering
IIHR – Hydroscience &
Engineering
Coralville Reservoir
Water Quality Project
Monthly Report, July 2005
Claudia Espinosa-Villegas
Craig Just
Tatsuaki Nakato
Jerald Schnoor
162
General Conditions
Samples were collected on July 15th, 22nd and 10th at all river and reservoir locations.
The general conditions and hydrologic parameters for each sampling event are
highlighted in Table 1. The stream flow data is taken from the USGS website and is
considered provisional.
Table 1: General conditions and hydrologic parameters for each sampling event.
Date
○
15-Jul-05
22-Jul-05
28-Jul-05
Date
15-Jul-05
22-Jul-05
28-Jul-05
Sky
Air Temp.
Noon
○
C
F
32.2
90.0
31.1
88.0
24.4
75.9
Inflow, USGS05453100
max
min
mean
cfs
cfs
cfs
1,780
1,650
1,710
1,260
1,230
1,240
1,320
1,270
1,300
Previous Day
Precipitation
inches
Partly Cloudy
0.00
Clear
0.05
Partly Cloudy
0.00
Pool Level
Outflow, USGS05453520
max
min
mean
cfs
cfs
cfs
ft msl
na*
na*
na*
683.41
1,280
1,250
1,270
683.45
1,260
1,240
1,250
683.37
na* = not available
Water Quality Observations
The physical, chemical and biological water quality results are shown in Table 2 and
Table 3 for the reservoir and river locations. Quality assurance and quality control data
are shown in Table 4 and Table 5. The field reports for the month are included in
Appendix A. Indicator organism data supplied by the University Hygienic Laboratory
for the reservoir beaches are shown in Appendix A. Dissolved oxygen for the month of
July 2005 ranged from 3.7 to 7.6 mg/L for all sampling locations. The dissolved oxygen
criterion for lakes is 5.0 mg/L, and applies only to the upper layer of stratification; the
criterion was violated on July 22nd at the bottom reservoir location. The values for pH
ranged from 7.96 to 8.45, with a monthly mean of 8.23. The phenolphthalein alkalinity
minimum (<1 mg/L as CaCO3) occurred on July 22nd at the mid-depth and reservoir
bottom locations, and on July 28th at both the surface and mid-depth reservoir locations.
The maximum (22 mg/L as CaCO3) occurred at the upstream and reservoir surface
location on July 15th. Total alkalinity was between 200 and 248 mg/L as CaCO3, with a
mean of 228 mg/L as CaCO3. Calcium hardness ranged from 160 and 218 mg/L as
CaCO3 and total hardness was between 258 and 312 mg/L as CaCO3.
Ammonia nitrogen was below 0.5 mg/L-N for all samples; nitrite ranged from 0.01 to
0.24 mg/L-N with a mean of 0.11 mg/L-N; nitrate was between 4.3 and 12.6 mg/L-N as
determined by ion chromatography and total Kjeldahl nitrogen was between 1.88 and
5.81 mg/L. The drinking water standard for nitrate is 10.0 mg/L-N which was exceeded
at the upstream location on July 22nd. Total nitrogen for the month of July 2005, was
between 6.7 and 14.9 mg/L, with a mean of 10.9 mg/L.
163
Orthophosphate was between 0.15 and 0.38 mg/L-P and total phosphorus was between
0.27 and 0.64 mg/L-P. The biological oxygen demand was between 3.1 and 6.7 mg/L.
The silica minima was below detection level (<1 mg/L-SiO2) for all locations on July
28th, the maximum occurred on July 22nd at the downstream location (31 mg/L-SiO2).
The mean value for total organic carbon was 4.3 mg/L; the maximum value of 12.7 mg/L
was measured at the upstream location on July 15th, and a minimum of 1.2 mg/L was
measured for the downstream location on July 22nd. The maximum suspended solids
value was found at the upstream location on July 28th (221 mg/L); a minimum of 19
mg/L was found at the reservoir surface on both July 15th and July 22nd, and a monthly
mean of 79 mg/L was determined for July 2005.
Chlorophyll a had a minimum of 6 mg/m3 on July 28th at the reservoir bottom, a
maximum of 98 mg/m3 on July 22nd at the downstream location, and a monthly mean of
31 mg/m3. Pheophytin a was between 23 and 96 mg/m3, with a monthly mean of 38
mg/m3. Chlorophyll b ranged from below the detection limit of 1 mg/m3 to a high of 17
mg/m3 on July 15th at the reservoir surface. Chlorophyll c ranged from below detection
level to 20 mg/m3 also on July 15th at the reservoir surface.
Indicator organisms ranged from below detection level (<10 organisms per 100 mL) for
both F. Coliform and E. Coli to a high on July 28th of 410 organisms per 100 mL of F.
Coliform (downstream location) and 200 organisms per 100 mL of E. Coli (upstream
location). Sandy Beach, West Overlook Beach and Sugar Bottom Beach were sampled on
July 5th, 11th, 18th and 25th. There were no exceedances in either F. Coliform or E. Coli
levels in the water (See Appendix).
Ion balances were performed for all locations on July 15th and were between -8.0 and -3.7
percent difference.
164
Table 2: Results, July 2005.
Coralville Reservoir Water Quality
Physical, Chemical and Biological Analysis - Table 1 of 2
Date
Water
Diss.
Temp.
Oxygen
Titr.
Calc.
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
○
C
pH
Carbon Dioxide
Alkalinity
Hardness
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
Iowa River Upstream (Green Castle Avenue)
15-Jul-05
29.1
6.7
8.20
<1
2.9
22
236
210
22-Jul-05
28.9
7.4
8.31
<1
2.2
8
224
190
28-Jul-05
25.4
7.4
8.29
<1
2.1
10
212
160
Coralville Reservoir - SURFACE (Downstream from Lake McBride at Mehaffey Bridge)
15-Jul-05
28.2
7.0
8.33
<1
2.3
22
248
212
22-Jul-05
29.1
7.3
8.45
<1
1.7
8
242
210
28-Jul-05
26.7
6.2
8.19
1.5
2.6
<1
202
170
Coralville Reservoir - MID-DEPTH
15-Jul-05
28.8
6.7
8.34
<1
2.1
16
234
218
22-Jul-05
28.9
7.3
8.18
<1
3.1
<1
240
212
28-Jul-05
26.6
6.3
8.24
2.0
2.3
<1
204
178
Coralville Reservoir - BOTTOM
15-Jul-05
27.8
5.6
7.96
<1
5.3
18
242
216
22-Jul-05
28.3
3.7
8.07
4.5
4.1
<1
244
204
28-Jul-05
26.4
7.3
8.30
<1
2.0
6
200
184
Iowa River Downstream - University Water Plant (Iowa City)
15-Jul-05
27.2
7.2
8.17
<1
3.0
20
224
204
22-Jul-05
27.1
7.3
8.44
<1
1.7
8
236
208
28-Jul-05
25.9
7.6
8.24
<1
2.6
10
226
200
MIN
MAX
MEAN
25.4
29.1
27.6
3.7
7.6
6.7
7.96
8.45
8.23
<1
4.5
na
1.7
5.3
2.7
165
Nitrogen as N
Phenolth. Total Calcium Total NH3-N NO2-N NO3-N
<1
22
na
200
248
228
160
218
198
Phosphorus as P
TKN
Total
Ortho-P
Total-P
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
304
290
262
0.3
<0.1
0.1
0.02
0.01
0.15
7.2
12.6
4.3
5.63
2.25
2.25
12.9
14.9
6.7
0.34
0.29
0.15
0.47
0.64
0.41
312
312
258
0.1
0.1
0.5
0.06
0.06
0.23
9.2
9.3
4.8
4.13
2.63
2.25
13.4
12.0
7.3
0.32
0.32
0.23
0.34
0.35
0.35
306
308
272
0.2
<1
0.5
0.06
0.05
0.24
7.2
9.1
4.4
2.44
4.13
3.00
9.7
13.2
7.6
0.37
0.38
0.24
0.46
0.30
0.33
302
300
258
0.3
0.1
0.5
0.09
0.08
0.23
6.7
8.3
4.7
1.88
2.81
3.00
8.6
11.2
7.9
0.36
0.35
0.23
0.42
0.40
0.33
290
308
286
0.2
<0.1
0.2
0.05
0.04
0.24
8.5
8.8
7.7
3.19
5.81
4.13
11.7
14.7
12.1
0.32
0.37
0.24
0.37
0.27
0.27
258
312
291
<0.1
0.5
na
0.01
0.24
0.11
4.3
12.6
7.5
1.88
5.81
3.30
6.7
14.9
10.9
0.15
0.38
0.30
0.27
0.64
0.38
Table 3: Results, July 2005.
Coralville Reservoir Water Quality
Physical, Chemical and Biological Analysis - Table 2 of 2
Date
Silica
TOC
TSS
BOD5
as SiO2
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
Additional Anions
Ion
Additional Cations
Na
K
Balance
chl a
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
% diff.
mg/m
-3.7
na
na
8
35
12
25
96
76
<1
<1
1
<1
2
2
130
<10
200
110
<10
200
-8.0
na
na
55
71
20
36
33
28
17
4
1
20
6
2
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
-3.7
na
na
31
37
9
27
25
29
3
2
2
4
4
2
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
-4.5
na
na
12
16
6
47
41
27
<1
1
<1
<1
1
<1
10
130
<10
10
110
<10
-5.9
na
na
42
98
16
23
39
24
3
4
2
4
10
3
40
60
410
40
60
150
<1
31
na
1.2
12.7
4.3
19
221
79
3.1
6.7
4.6
-8.0
-3.7
-5.2
6
98
31
23
96
38
<1
17
na
<1
20
na
<10
410
na
<10
200
na
21.3
25.6
22.3
8.6
10.1
9.4
166
7.1
7.8
7.4
1.9
2.8
2.3
3
pheo a
chl b
3
mg/m
Indicator Org.
SO4
Iowa River Upstream (Green Castle Avenue)
15-Jul-05
16
12.7
201
4.3
21.4
8.6
7.8
1.9
22-Jul-05
29
4.5
169
5.3
na
na
na
na
28-Jul-05
<1
4.6
221
6.3
na
na
na
na
Coralville Reservoir - SURFACE (Downstream from Lake McBride at Mehaffey Bridge)
15-Jul-05
13
2.4
19
3.9
25.6
10.1
7.3
2.2
22-Jul-05
23
2.6
19
4.6
na
na
na
na
28-Jul-05
<1
6.3
39
3.2
na
na
na
na
Coralville Reservoir - MID-DEPTH
15-Jul-05
14
7.8
32
3.8
21.9
9.5
7.5
2.2
22-Jul-05
22
3.2
24
5.3
na
na
na
na
28-Jul-05
<1
2.2
56
3.6
na
na
na
na
Coralville Reservoir - BOTTOM
15-Jul-05
13
4.7
137
4.8
21.3
8.9
7.4
2.3
22-Jul-05
21
4.8
126
3.1
na
na
na
na
28-Jul-05
<1
1.8
58
6.7
na
na
na
na
Iowa River Downstream - University Water Plant (Iowa City)
15-Jul-05
14
2.5
31
4.3
21.4
10.1
7.1
2.8
22-Jul-05
31
3.6
25
4.8
na
na
na
na
28-Jul-05
<1
1.2
26
5.2
na
na
na
na
MIN
MAX
MEAN
Pigments
Cl
mg/m
chl c
3
mg/m
Fecal
3
E. coli
Org. / 100 mL
Table 4: Quality Assurance/Control, July 2005.
Coralville Reservoir Water Quality
QA/QC: Physical, Chemical and Biological Analysis - Table 1 of 2
Date
Water
Diss.
Temp.
Oxygen
Titr.
Calc.
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
○
C
Duplicate (O)
15-Jul-05
28.74
% diff.
na
22-Jul-05
28.93
% diff.
na
28-Jul-05
25.74
% diff.
na
Replicate (WP)
15-Jul-05
27.18
% diff.
na
22-Jul-05
27.81
% diff.
na
28-Jul-05
26.51
% diff.
na
Standards (% Recovery)
15-Jul-05
na
22-Jul-05
na
28-Jul-05
na
Spikes (% Recovery)
15-Jul-05
na
Spike 2
na
Spike 3
na
22-Jul-05
na
Spike 2
na
Spike 3
na
28-Jul-05
na
Spike 2
na
Spike 3
na
pH
Carbon Dioxide
Alkalinity
Hardness
Nitrogen as N
Phenolth. Total Calcium Total NH3-N NO2-N NO3-N
Phosphorus as P
TKN
Total
Ortho-P
Total-P
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
6.19
na
7
na
7.28
na
8.17
na
8.31
na
8.33
na
<1
na
<1
na
<1
na
3.1
-4.5
2.1
1.8
1.8
16.7
14
36
6
25
4
60
230
2.5
220
1.8
194
8.5
204
2.9
202
-6.3
164
-2.5
300
1.3
300
-3.4
254
3.1
0.15
42.3
<0.1
na
0.06
40.0
0.02
4.8
0.02
-66.7
0.15
0.0
5.8
19.5
9.6
24.1
na
na
5.25
6.7
2.25
0.0
2.063
8.3
11.1
13.9
11.8
20.4
na
na
0.34
0.0
0.35
-20.7
0.15
0.0
0.56
-19.1
0.66
-3.1
0.36
12.2
7.37
na
7.45
na
7.29
na
8.21
na
8.45
na
8.38
na
<1
na
<1
na
<1
na
2.8
5.7
1.6
6.5
1.9
25.5
18
10
6
25
8
20
232
-3.6
226
4.2
234
-3.5
210
-2.9
194
6.7
210
-5.0
294
-1.4
294
4.5
296
-3.5
0.19
0.0
<0.1
na
0.22
-4.8
0.05
-2.2
0.0
-9.1
0.27
-12.5
8.5
0.4
9.2
-4.4
5.5
28.8
3.00
5.9
6
-3.2
4.1
0.0
11.5
1.9
15.3
-4.0
9.9
18.2
0.26
18.8
0.35
5.4
0.27
-12.5
0.3
18.9
0.31
-14.8
0.32
-18.5
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
104
104
na
na
na
na
na
na
98
100
86
101
na
na
na
108
118
100
84
76
100
na
na
na
115
109
109
118
109
104
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
104
106
97
100
104
101
104
96
101
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
100
100
100
50
100
100
100
110
90
95
99
116
122
104
113
103
106
96
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
89
108
148
101
96
107
111
95
102
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
113.6
95.5
101.7
97.3
91.4
79.2
95.5
96
93
95.2
96.2
101.8
116.3
108.5
61.4
69.1
72.1
75.5
167
Table 5: Quality Assurance/Control, July 2005.
Coralville Reservoir Water Quality
QA/QC: Physical, Chemical and Biological Analysis - Table 2 of 2
Date
Silica
TOC
TSS
BOD5
as SiO2
mg/L
mg/L
Duplicate (O)
15-Jul-05
10
5.4
% diff.
37.4
57.5
22-Jul-05
23.15
4.7
% diff.
20.2
-4.4
28-Jul-05
<1
3.9
% diff.
na
15.2
Replicate (WP)
15-Jul-05
12
2.5
% diff.
13.3
0.0
22-Jul-05
24
2.6
% diff.
22.3
27.8
28-Jul-05
<1
1.7
% diff.
na
-41.7
Standards (% Recovery)
15-Jul-05
110
101
22-Jul-05
102
101
28-Jul-05
97
101
Spikes (% Recovery)
15-Jul-05
94
129
Spike 2
50
80
Spike 3
53
102
22-Jul-05
102
100
Spike 2
99
94
Spike 3
88
113
28-Jul-05
na
119
Spike 2
na
121
Spike 3
na
109
Additional Anions
Additional Cations
Ion
Pigments
Cl
SO4
Na
K
Balance
chl a
3
pheo a
chl b
3
mg/m
Indicator Org.
chl c
3
Fecal
3
E. coli
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
% diff.
mg/m
203
-1.0
311
-84.0
158
28.5
na
na
na
na
na
na
20.4
4.6
na
na
na
na
8.4
2.3
na
na
na
na
7.8
0.0
na
na
na
na
1.9
0.0
na
na
na
na
-1.6
na
na
na
na
na
14
-75
51
-45
16
-35
34
-37
103
-7
72
5
<1
na
<1
na
2
-64
<1
na
4
-55
2
-57
110
15.4
130
na
150
25.0
91
17.3
80
na
140
30.0
20
35.5
20
20.0
33
-26.9
na
na
na
na
na
na
22.0
-2.7
na
na
na
na
9.9
na
na
na
na
na
7.2
-1.4
na
na
na
na
2.9
-3.6
na
na
na
na
-6.3
na
na
na
na
na
44
-6
56
43
18
-14
24
-6
41
-7
21
13
2
18
2
48
2
-5
3
22
5
45
3
-17
45
-12.5
100
-66.7
450
-9.8
45
-12.5
60
0.0
210
-40.0
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
168
mg/m
mg/m
Org. / 100 mL
Appendix A: Supporting Information
Coralville Reservoir Water Quality - Field Report
Physical and Chemical Analysis
Location
Upstream
Res-Surface
Res-Mid
Res-Bottom
Downstream
Date
15-Jul-05
15-Jul-05
15-Jul-05
15-Jul-05
15-Jul-05
Water
Temp.
○
C
Diss.
Oxygen
mg/L
pH
Carbon
Alkalinity
Hardness
Dioxide Phenolth. Total Calcium Total
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L mg/L mg/L
29.1
28.2
28.8
27.8
27.2
6.7
7.0
6.7
5.6
7.2
8.20
8.33
8.34
7.96
8.17
Comments:
169
<1
<1
<1
<1
<1
22
22
16
18
20
236
248
234
242
224
210
212
218
216
204
304
312
306
302
290
Air Temp.
○
C
32.2
32.2
32.2
32.2
32.2
Sky
Previous Day
Precipitation
inches
Partly cloudy
Partly cloudy
Partly cloudy
Partly cloudy
Partly cloudy
0
0
0
0
0
○
F
90.0
90.0
90.0
90.0
90.0
Coralville Reservoir Water Quality - Field Report
Physical and Chemical Analysis
Location
Upstream
Res-Surface
Res-Mid
Res-Bottom
Downstream
Date
Water
Temp.
○
C
Diss.
Oxygen
mg/L
pH
Carbon
Alkalinity
Hardness
Dioxide Phenolth. Total Calcium Total
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L mg/L mg/L
22-Jul-05
22-Jul-05
22-Jul-05
22-Jul-05
22-Jul-05
28.9
29.1
28.9
28.5
27.1
7.4
7.3
7.3
3.7
7.3
8.31
8.45
8.18
8.07
8.44
Comments:
170
<1
<1
0.4
4.5
<1
8
8
<1
<1
8
224
242
240
244
236
190
210
212
204
208
290
312
308
300
308
Air Temp.
Noon
○
○
C
F
31.1
31.1
31.1
31.1
31.1
88.0
88.0
88.0
88.0
88.0
Sky
Previous Day
Precipitation
inches
Clear
Clear
Clear
Clear
Clear
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
Coralville Reservoir Water Quality - Field Report
Physical and Chemical Analysis
Location
Upstream
Res-Surface
Res-Mid
Res-Bottom
Downstream
Date
Water
Temp.
○
C
Diss.
Oxygen
mg/L
pH
Carbon
Alkalinity
Hardness
Dioxide Phenolth. Total Calcium Total
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L mg/L mg/L
28-Jul-05
28-Jul-05
28-Jul-05
28-Jul-05
28-Jul-05
25.4
26.7
26.6
26.4
25.9
7.4
6.2
6.3
7.3
7.6
8.29
8.19
8.24
8.30
8.24
Comments:
171
<1
1.5
2.0
<1
<1
10
<1
<1
6
10
212
202
204
200
226
160
170
178
184
200
262
258
272
258
286
Air Temp.
Noon
○
○
C
F
24.4
24.4
24.4
24.4
24.4
75.9
75.9
75.9
75.9
75.9
Sky
Previous Day
Precipitation
inches
Partly Cloudy
Partly Cloudy
Partly Cloudy
Partly Cloudy
Partly Cloudy
0
0
0
0
0
August 2005 Monthly Report
Department of Civil and
Environmental Engineering
IIHR – Hydroscience & Engineering
Coralville Reservoir Water
Quality Project
Monthly Report, August 2005
Claudia Espinosa-Villegas
Craig Just
Tatsuaki Nakato
Jerald Schnoor
172
General Conditions
Samples were collected on August 10th, 17th and 25th at all river and reservoir locations.
The general conditions and hydrologic parameters for each sampling event are
highlighted in Table 1. The stream flow data is taken from the USGS website and is
considered provisional.
Table 1: General conditions and hydrologic parameters for each sampling event.
Date
○
○
C
32.8
27.8
27.8
10-Aug-05
17-Aug-05
25-Aug-05
10-Aug-05
17-Aug-05
25-Aug-05
Sky
Air Temp.
Noon
max
cfs
714
672
640
min
cfs
677
649
576
F
91.0
82.0
82.0
mean
cfs
694
659
610
Previous Day
Precipitation
inches
Clear
0
Scattered clouds
0.01
Clear
0.01
max
min
mean
cfs
cfs
cfs
ft msl
756
549
639
683.34
890
765
822
683.44
589
529
564
683.37
Water Quality Observations
The physical, chemical and biological water quality results are shown in Table 2 and
Table 3 for the reservoir and river locations. Quality assurance and quality control data
are shown in Table 4 and Table 5. The field reports for the month are included in
Appendix A. Indicator organism data supplied by the University Hygienic Laboratory
for the reservoir beaches are shown in Appendix A. Dissolved oxygen for the month of
August 2005 ranged from 2.5 to 8.4 mg/L for all sampling locations. The dissolved
oxygen criterion for lakes is 5.0 mg/L, and applies only to the upper layer of
stratification; the criterion was violated on August 17th at the mid-depth reservoir
location, and on all sampling dates for the bottom reservoir. The values for pH ranged
from 7.66 to 9.21, with a monthly mean of 8.22. Carbon dioxide values ranged from <1
to 7.5 mg/L for titrated values, and <1 to 5.4 mg/L for calculated values during the month
of August, 2005. The phenolphthalein alkalinity minimum (<1 mg/L as CaCO3) occurred
on August 10th at the reservoir bottom location and on August 17th and 25th at both the
mid-depth and reservoir bottom locations. The maximum (12 mg/L as CaCO3) occurred
at the upstream location on both August 10th and 17th. Total alkalinity was between 102
and 240 mg/L as CaCO3, with a mean of 159 mg/L as CaCO3. Calcium hardness ranged
from 54 to 200 mg/L as CaCO3 and total hardness was between 136 to 300 mg/L as
CaCO3.
Ammonia nitrogen was below 1 mg/L-N for all samples; nitrite ranged from 0.01 to 0.09
mg/L-N with a mean of 0.05 mg/L-N; nitrate was between 0.1 and 4.1 mg/L-N as
determined by ion chromatography and total Kjeldahl nitrogen was between 1.31 and
173
6.56 mg/L. Total nitrogen for the month of August 2005, was between 2.6 and 9.7 mg/L,
with a mean of 5 mg/L.
Orthophosphate was between 0.06 and 0.36 mg/L-P and total phosphorus was between
0.20 and 0.74 mg/L-P. The biological oxygen demand was between 1.8 and 7.6 mg/L.
The silica minima was 3 mg/L as SiO2 on August 17th at the upstream location, the
maximum occurred on August 28thnd at the reservoir bottom location (27 mg/L-SiO2).
The mean value for total organic carbon was 6.0 mg/L; the maximum value of 15.4 mg/L
was measured at the upstream location on August 28th, and a minimum of 1.8 mg/L was
measured for the downstream location on August 10th. The maximum suspended solids
value was found at the upstream location on August 25th (239 mg/L); a minimum of <10
mg/L was found at the reservoir surface August 17th.
Chlorophyll a had a minimum of 4 mg/m3 on August 10th at the reservoir bottom, a
maximum of 85 mg/m3 on August 10th at the upstream location, and a monthly mean of
31 mg/m3. Pheophytin a was between 15 and 697 mg/m3, with a monthly mean of 151
mg/m3. Chlorophyll b ranged from below the detection limit of 1 mg/m3 to a high of 6
mg/m3 on August 10th at the reservoir surface. Chlorophyll c ranged from below
detection level to 9 mg/m3 on August 10th at the upstream location and on August 25th at
the downstream location.
Indicator organisms ranged from below detection level (<10 organisms per 100 mL) for
both F. Coliform and E. Coli to a high on August 25th of 280 organisms per 100 mL of F.
Coliform (downstream location) and 200 organisms per 100 mL of E. Coli (downstream
location). Sandy Beach, West Overlook Beach and Sugar Bottom Beach were sampled on
August 1st, 8th, 22nd and 29th. There were no exceedances in either F. Coliform or E. Coli
levels in the water (See Appendix).
174
Table 2: Results, August 2005.
Coralville Reservoir Water Quality
Physical, Chemical and Biological Analysis - Table 1 of 2
Date
Water
Diss.
Temp.
○
C
Oxygen
pH
Titr.
Calc.
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
Carbon Dioxide
Alkalinity
Hardness
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
Iowa River Upstream (Green Castle Avenue)
10-Aug-05
28.1
7.9
9.21
<1
<1
12
104
72
17-Aug-05
25.8
8.4
9.11
<1
<1
12
108
64
25-Aug-05
23.0
6.8
9.20
<1
<1
10
102
54
Coralville Reservoir - SURFACE (Downstream from Lake McBride at Mehaffey Bridge)
10-Aug-05
28.3
7.8
8.50
<1
1.3
10
214
170
17-Aug-05
26.4
8.2
8.54
<1
<1
8
150
114
25-Aug-05
24.7
5.1
8.51
<1
<1
4
136
106
Coralville Reservoir - MID-DEPTH
10-Aug-05
27.6
5.7
8.43
<1
1.7
4
230
190
17-Aug-05
26.1
4.7
8.02
6.5
2.3
<1
124
98
25-Aug-05
24.9
7.0
7.91
2.5
3.4
<1
138
104
Coralville Reservoir - BOTTOM
10-Aug-05
27.1
2.7
8.02
6.0
4.5
<1
240
200
17-Aug-05
25.3
3.5
7.66
7.5
5.4
<1
124
100
25-Aug-05
25.4
2.5
8.07
3.0
2.3
<1
136
120
Iowa River Downstream - University Water Plant (Iowa City)
10-Aug-05
26.7
7.6
8.42
<1
1.6
8
216
180
17-Aug-05
25.3
7.5
8.30
1.9
1.9
6
194
172
25-Aug-05
24.3
7.5
8.34
<1
1.5
2
164
134
MIN
MAX
MEAN
23.0
28.3
25.9
2.5
8.4
6.2
7.66
9.21
8.22
<1
7.5
na
<1
5.4
na
175
Nitrogen as N
Phenolth. Total Calcium Total NH3-N NO2-N NO3-N
<1
12
na
102
240
159
54
200
125
Phosphorus as P
TKN
Total
Ortho-P
Total-P
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
176
144
136
0.1
0.1
0.4
0.03
0.01
0.01
2.9
0.1
0.6
2.44
4.13
2.63
5.4
4.2
3.3
0.08
0.06
0.25
0.41
0.38
0.74
296
200
184
0.2
0.2
0.4
0.06
0.07
0.03
4.1
1.6
0.5
1.88
1.69
2.06
6.0
3.4
2.6
0.21
0.15
0.25
0.22
0.20
0.26
280
176
170
0.4
0.7
0.4
0.09
0.06
0.02
4.1
1.2
0.2
3.94
3.75
2.44
8.1
5.1
2.6
0.36
0.16
0.25
0.38
0.27
0.26
300
176
170
0.5
0.9
0.4
0.09
0.05
0.01
3.9
1.0
0.3
2.63
3.38
4.31
6.6
4.4
4.6
0.36
0.24
0.25
0.44
0.51
0.29
280
250
220
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.07
0.06
0.06
3.1
2.4
2.5
6.56
1.31
2.25
9.7
3.8
4.8
0.29
0.25
0.24
0.28
0.24
0.24
136
300
211
0.1
0.9
0.3
0.01
0.09
0.05
0.1
4.1
1.9
1.31
6.56
3.03
2.6
9.7
5.0
0.06
0.36
0.23
0.20
0.74
0.34
Table 3: Results, August 2005.
Coralville Reservoir Water Quality
Physical, Chemical and Biological Analysis - Table 2 of 2
Date
Silica
TOC
TSS
BOD5
as SiO2
mg/L
Additional Anions
Cl
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
SO4
mg/L
mg/L
Ion
Additional Cations
Na
mg/L
K
mg/L
Balance
% diff.
Iowa River Upstream (Green Castle Avenue)
10-Aug-05
4
13.6
87
6.9
na
na
na
na
17-Aug-05
3
11.4
124
7.6
na
na
na
na
25-Aug-05
6
15.4
239
6.4
na
na
na
na
Coralville Reservoir - SURFACE (Downstream from Lake McBride at Mehaffey Bridge)
10-Aug-05
18
2.9
13
5.4
na
na
na
na
17-Aug-05
9
4.0
<10
5.8
na
na
na
na
25-Aug-05
26
4.1
34
4.2
na
na
na
na
Coralville Reservoir - MID-DEPTH
10-Aug-05
19
4.3
32
5.0
na
na
na
na
17-Aug-05
7
5.2
28
3.8
na
na
na
na
25-Aug-05
27
4.0
50
6.2
na
na
na
na
Coralville Reservoir - BOTTOM
10-Aug-05
20
3.9
69
2.2
na
na
na
na
17-Aug-05
8
5.8
76
2.7
na
na
na
na
25-Aug-05
27
4.5
43
1.8
na
na
na
na
Iowa River Downstream - University Water Plant (Iowa City)
10-Aug-05
15
1.8
19
6.0
na
na
na
na
17-Aug-05
16
4.8
31
5.4
na
na
na
na
25-Aug-05
21
4.4
35
5.6
na
na
na
na
MIN
MAX
MEAN
3
27
15
1.8
15.4
6.0
13
239
63
1.8
7.6
5.0
na
na
na
na
na
na
176
na
na
na
na
na
na
Pigments
chl a
mg/m
pheo a
3
mg/m
3
Indicator Org.
chl b
mg/m
chl c
3
mg/m
Fecal
3
E. coli
Org. / 100 mL
na
na
na
85
45
16
697
552
601
<1
<1
<1
9
6
2
55
30
55
50
30
40
na
na
na
81
30
20
49
62
36
6
<1
<1
6
3
2
<10
10
<10
<10
10
<10
na
na
na
12
15
14
32
30
32
1
<1
<1
1
2
2
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
na
na
na
4
5
43
45
37
15
<1
<1
4
<1
<1
8
<10
10
<10
<10
<10
<10
na
na
na
21
10
58
29
27
27
1
<1
4
2
1
9
36
82
280
10
64
200
na
na
na
4
85
31
15
697
151
<1
6
na
<1
9
na
<10
280
na
<10
200
na
Table 4: Quality Assurance/Control, August 2005.
Coralville Reservoir Water Quality
QA/QC: Physical, Chemical and Biological Analysis - Table 1 of 2
Date
Nitrogen as N
Diss.
Oxygen
Titr.
Calc.
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
○
C
Duplicate (O)
10-Aug-05
na
% diff.
na
17-Aug-05
na
% diff.
na
25-Aug-05
na
% diff.
na
Replicate (WP)
10-Aug-05
na
% diff.
na
17-Aug-05
na
% diff.
na
25-Aug-05
na
% diff.
na
Standards (% Recovery)
10-Aug-05
na
17-Aug-05
na
25-Aug-05
na
Spikes (% Recovery)
10-Aug-05
na
Spike 2
na
Spike 3
na
17-Aug-05
na
Spike 2
na
Spike 3
na
25-Aug-05
na
Spike 2
na
Spike 3
na
pH
Hardness
Water
Temp.
Carbon Dioxide
Alkalinity
Phenolth. Total Calcium Total NH3-N NO2-N NO3-N
Phosphorus as P
TKN
Total
Ortho-P
Total-P
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
na
na
na
na
na
na
9.25
na
9.09
na
9.23
na
<1
na
<1
na
<1
na
0.1
na
0.1
na
0.1
na
8
33.3
10
16.7
6
40.0
106
-1.9
102
5.6
98
3.9
70
2.8
76
-18.8
64
-18.5
160
9.1
144
0.0
134
1.5
0.11
0.0
0.21
-61.5
0.07
84.1
0.02
55.9
0.01
-40.0
0.01
11.1
0.1
1.2
na
na
0.1
91.8
2.63
-7.7
3.94
4.5
2.25
14.3
2.7
49.8
na
na
2.3
29.6
0.07
12.5
0.06
0.0
0.05
80.0
0.30
26.8
0.34
10.5
0.7
5.4
na
na
na
na
na
na
8.32
na
8.34
na
8.49
na
<1
na
<1
na
<1
na
2.0
-23.0
1.8
7.1
1.1
28.1
6
25.0
4
33.3
4
-100.0
210
2.8
198
-2.1
168
-2.4
210
-16.7
154
10.5
130
3.0
276
1.4
244
2.4
218
0.9
0.19
0.0
0.2
-11.1
0.2
-25.0
0.07
-10.6
0.06
1.6
0.06
4.8
3.1
-1.8
2.8
-16.0
na
na
6.56
0.0
1.88
-42.8
2.06
8.3
9.8
-0.7
4.8
-24.9
na
na
0.29
0.0
0.21
16.0
0.2
16.7
0.3
-7.1
0.25
-4.2
0.25
-4.2
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
108
104
94
100
96
102
104
101
na
na
na
116
116
102
92
87
83
na
na
na
133
111
121
106
103
106
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
80
105
97
100
85
103
100
105
100
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
100
104
103
100
98
97
100
96
99
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
100
100
100
100
103
98
100
110
93
95
95
100
103
96
100
110
109
101
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
80
72
85
92
79
96
86
na
93
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
106
93
87
84
96
102
87
91
98
99
97
92
102
100
na
na
103
100
177
Table 5: Quality Assurance/Control, August 2005.
Coralville Reservoir Water Quality
QA/QC: Physical, Chemical and Biological Analysis - Table 2 of 2
Date
Silica
TOC
TSS
BOD5
as SiO2
mg/L
Additional Anions
Cl
mg/L
Duplicate (O)
10-Aug-05
4.99
13.3
% diff.
-23.5
2.2
17-Aug-05
3
10.3
% diff.
0.0
9.6
25-Aug-05
7
15.8
% diff.
-16.7
-2.6
Replicate (WP)
10-Aug-05
18
1.7
% diff.
-16.5
5.6
17-Aug-05
13
4.4
% diff.
18.8
8.3
25-Aug-05
25
6.1
% diff.
-19.0
-38.6
Standards (% Recovery)
10-Aug-05
na
101
17-Aug-05
na
114
25-Aug-05
na
112
Spikes (% Recovery)
10-Aug-05
45
106
Spike 2
78
104
Spike 3
88
104
17-Aug-05
102
99
Spike 2
89
102
Spike 3
110
89
25-Aug-05
50
108
Spike 2
92
101
Spike 3
107
na
SO4
Additional Cations
Na
K
Pigments
Ion
Balance
chl a
pheo a
3
mg/m
3
Indicator Org.
chl b
chl c
3
Fecal
3
E. coli
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
% diff.
mg/m
136
-56.3
129
-4.0
194
18.8
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
49
42.2
115
-156.1
31
-99.5
570
18.3
509
7.9
686
-14.3
<1
na
<1
na
<1
na
6
41.0
14
-145.1
4
-80.2
<10
na
27
10.0
91
-65.5
<10
na
18
40.0
91
-127.5
25
-31.6
16
48.4
24
31.4
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
25
-17
28
-188.7
16
71.9
36
-23.9
31
-14.5
33
-23.1
2
-40.0
1
na
<1
na
3
-52.9
4
-213.9
2
78.6
100
-177.8
80
2.4
300
-7.1
64
-540.0
70
-9.4
<10
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
178
mg/m
mg/m
Org. / 100 mL
Appendix A: Supporting Information
Coralville Reservoir Water Quality - Field Report
Physical and Chemical Analysis
Location
Upstream
Res-Surface
Res-Mid
Res-Bottom
Downstream
Date
10-Aug-05
10-Aug-05
10-Aug-05
10-Aug-05
10-Aug-05
Alkalinity
Hardness
Carbon
Dioxide Phenolth. Total Calcium Total
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L mg/L mg/L
Water
Temp.
○
C
Diss.
Oxygen
mg/L
pH
28.1
28.3
27.6
27.1
26.7
7.9
7.8
5.7
2.7
7.6
9.21
8.50
8.43
8.02
8.42
Comments:
179
<1
<1
<1
6.0
<1
12
10
4
<1
8
104
214
230
240
216
72
170
190
200
180
176
296
280
300
280
Air Temp.
○
C
32.8
32.8
32.8
32.8
32.8
○
Sky
Previous Day
Precipitation
inches
Clear
Clear
Clear
Clear
Clear
0
0
0
0
0
F
91.0
91.0
91.0
91.0
91.0
Coralville Reservoir Water Quality - Field Report
Physical and Chemical Analysis
Location
Upstream
Res-Surface
Res-Mid
Res-Bottom
Downstream
Alkalinity
Hardness
Carbon
Dioxide Phenolth. Total Calcium Total
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L mg/L mg/L
Date
Water
Temp.
○
C
Diss.
Oxygen
mg/L
pH
17-Aug-05
17-Aug-05
17-Aug-05
17-Aug-05
17-Aug-05
25.8
26.4
26.1
25.3
25.3
8.4
8.2
4.7
3.5
7.5
9.11
8.54
8.02
7.66
8.30
Comments:
180
<1
<1
6.5
7.5
<1
12
8
<1
<1
6
108
150
124
124
194
64
114
98
100
172
144
200
176
176
250
Air Temp.
Noon
○
○
C
F
27.8
27.8
27.8
27.8
27.8
82.0
82.0
82.0
82.0
82.0
Sky
Previous Day
Precipitation
inches
Scattered clouds
Scattered clouds
Scattered clouds
Scattered clouds
Scattered clouds
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
Coralville Reservoir Water Quality - Field Report
Physical and Chemical Analysis
Location
Upstream
Res-Surface
Res-Mid
Res-Bottom
Downstream
Alkalinity
Hardness
Carbon
Dioxide Phenolth. Total Calcium Total
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L mg/L mg/L
Date
Water
Temp.
○
C
Diss.
Oxygen
mg/L
pH
25-Aug-05
25-Aug-05
25-Aug-05
25-Aug-05
25-Aug-05
23.0
24.7
24.9
25.4
24.3
6.8
5.1
7.0
2.5
7.5
9.20
8.51
7.91
8.07
8.34
Comments:
181
<1
<1
2.5
3.0
<1
10
4
<1
<1
2
102
136
138
136
164
54
106
104
120
134
136
184
170
170
220
Air Temp.
Noon
○
○
C
F
27.8
27.8
27.8
27.8
27.8
82.0
82.0
82.0
82.0
82.0
Sky
Previous Day
Precipitation
inches
Clear
Clear
Clear
Clear
Clear
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
September 2005 Monthly Report
Department of Civil and
Environmental Engineering
IIHR – Hydroscience & Engineering
Coralville Reservoir Water
Quality Project
Monthly Report, September 2005
Claudia Espinosa-Villegas
Craig Just
Tatsuaki Nakato
Jerald Schnoor
182
General Conditions
Samples were collected on September 8th and 15th at all river and reservoir locations. The
general conditions and hydrologic parameters for each sampling event are highlighted in
Table 1. The stream flow data is taken from the USGS website and is considered
provisional.
Table 1: General conditions and hydrologic parameters for each sampling event.
Date
○
8-Sep-05
15-Sep-05
Date
8-Sep-05
15-Sep-05
Sky
Air Temp.
Noon
C
27.2
19.4
○
F
81.0
66.9
Inflow, USGS05453100
max
min
mean
cfs
cfs
cfs
361
322
335
326
310
316
Clear
Clear
Previous Day
Precipitation
inches
0
0
Outflow, USGS05453520
max
min
mean
cfs
cfs
cfs
549
433
470
249
188
222
Pool Level
ft msl
683.55
683.91
Water Quality Observations
The physical, chemical and biological water quality results are shown in Table 2 and
Table 3 for the reservoir and river locations. Quality assurance and quality control data
are shown in Table 4 and Table 5. The field reports for the month are included in
Appendix A. Indicator organism data supplied by the University Hygienic Laboratory for
the reservoir beaches are shown in Appendix A. Dissolved oxygen for the month of Sep
2005 ranged from 5.8 to 9.4 mg/L for all sampling locations. The dissolved oxygen
criterion for lakes is 5.0 mg/L, and applies only to the upper layer of stratification; the
criterion was not violated during the month of Sep 2005. The values for pH ranged from
7.45 to 8.93, with a monthly mean of 8.03. The phenolphthalein alkalinity minima (<1
mg/L as CaCO3) occurred on Sep 8th at the mid-depth and reservoir bottom locations, and
on Sep 15th at the bottom reservoir location. The maximum alkalinity (8 mg/L as CaCO3)
occurred at the upstream location on Sep 8th and 15th, and at the reservoir surface location
on Sep 15th. Total alkalinity was between 124 and 136 mg/L as CaCO3, with a mean of
130 mg/L as CaCO3. Calcium hardness ranged from 72 to 112 mg/L as CaCO3 and total
hardness was between 160 to 184 mg/L as CaCO3.
Ammonia nitrogen was below 1 mg/L-N for all samples; nitrite ranged from <0.01 to
0.22 mg/L-N; nitrate was below detection level (<0.05 mg/L-N) at the upstream and
reservoir surface locations on Sep 8th and for all river and reservoir locations on Sep 15th,
as determined by ion chromatography. Total Kjeldahl nitrogen was between 1.88 and
183
6.19 mg/L. Total nitrogen for the month of Sep 2005 was between 1.9 and 6.2 mg/L, with
a mean of 3.4 mg/L.
Orthophosphate was between 0.06 and 0.22 mg/L-P and total phosphorus was between
0.24 and 0.50 mg/L-P. The biological oxygen demand was between 4.6 to 8.6 mg/L
Silica values ranged from 4 to 16 mg/L as SiO2, with a mean of 8 mg/L as SiO2. The
mean value for total organic carbon was 7.9 mg/L; the maximum value of 18.5 mg/L was
measured at the upstream location on Sep 8th, and a minimum of 4.3 mg/L was measured
for the mid-depth reservoir location on Sep 15th. The maximum suspended solids value
was found at the upstream location on Sep 15th (114 mg/L); a minimum of 10 mg/L was
found at the reservoir surface on Sep 8th and the monthly mean was 36 mg/L.
Chlorophyll a had a minimum of 4 mg/m3 on Sep 8th at the reservoir mid-depth location,
a maximum of 31 mg/m3 on Sep 8th at the reservoir surface, and a monthly mean of 18
mg/m3. Pheophytin a was between 18 and 329 mg/m3 with a monthly mean of 97 mg/m3.
Chlorophyll b ranged from below the detection limit of 1 mg/m3 to 1 mg/m3. Chlorophyll
c ranged from below detection level to 3 mg/m3.
Beach water indicator organisms were measured on the 6th, 12th and 20th with most
samples reporting below the 10 organism per 100 mL detection level. The greatest
values for E. coli were on Sep 6th with values of 50, 20 and 20 cfu/100 mL for the Sandy
Beach, Sugar Bottom and West Overlook locations respectively.
184
Table 2: Results, September, 2005.
Coralville Reservoir Water Quality
Physical, Chemical and Biological Analysis - Table 1 of 2
Date
Water
Diss.
Temp.
Oxygen
Titr.
Calc.
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
<1
0.5
8
8
126
124
72
98
170
162
0.1
0.1
Coralville Reservoir - SURFACE (Downstream from Lake McBride at Mehaffey Bridge)
8-Sep-05
26.2
8.5
8.93
<1
<1
8
126
94
160
15-Sep-05
23.7
6.9
8.37
<1
1.1
2
130
100
176
Coralville Reservoir - MID-DEPTH
8-Sep-05
24.4
6.1
15-Sep-05
23.8
5.8
7.45
8.18
6.5
1.5
8.9
1.7
<1
<1
126
134
94
100
Coralville Reservoir - BOTTOM
8-Sep-05
24.2
5.9
15-Sep-05
23.7
6.0
7.78
7.76
7.5
1.5
4.4
4.5
<1
2
132
130
2
2
<1
8.0
na
○
C
pH
Carbon Dioxide
Iowa River Upstream (Green Castle Avenue)
8-Sep-05
25.3
7.3
8.90
<1
15-Sep-05
20.7
9.4
8.65
<1
Iowa River Downstream - University Water Plant (Iowa City)
8-Sep-05
25.9
7.7
8.22
<1
1.6
15-Sep-05
22.3
8.6
8.66
<1
0.6
MIN
MAX
MEAN
20.7
26.2
24.0
5.8
9.4
7.2
7.45
8.93
8.03
<1
7.5
na
<1
8.9
na
185
Alkalinity
Hardness
Nitrogen as N
Phenolth. Total Calcium Total NH3-N NO2-N NO3-N
Phosphorus as P
TKN
Total
Ortho-P
Total-P
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
<0.01
<0.01
<0.1
<0.1
6.19
4.31
6.2
4.3
0.06
0.11
0.50
0.42
0.1
0.4
0.01
0.03
<0.1
<0.1
2.81
2.25
2.8
2.3
0.13
0.17
0.25
0.24
174
172
0.7
0.5
0.02
0.03
0.1
<0.1
2.44
2.25
2.6
2.3
0.21
0.19
0.31
0.25
94
100
176
172
0.8
0.4
0.02
0.03
0.2
<0.1
3.19
1.88
3.4
1.9
0.22
0.16
0.29
0.29
132
136
110
112
180
184
0.1
0.1
0.22
0.01
0.1
<0.1
5.06
2.81
5.4
2.8
0.14
0.22
0.24
0.26
124
136
130
72
112
97
160
184
173
0.1
0.8
0.3
<0.01
0.22
na
<0.1
0.2
na
1.88
6.19
3.32
1.9
6.2
3.4
0.06
0.22
0.16
0.24
0.50
0.31
Table 3: Results, September 2005.
Coralville Reservoir Water Quality
Physical, Chemical and Biological Analysis - Table 2 of 2
Date
Silica
TOC
TSS
BOD5
as SiO2
mg/L
Additional Anions
Cl
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
SO4
Ion
Additional Cations
Na
K
Balance
Pigments
chl a
pheo a
3
3
Indicator Org.
chl b
chl c
3
Fecal
3
E. coli
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
% diff.
mg/m
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
25
17
237
329
<1
<1
3
2
na
na
na
na
Coralville Reservoir - SURFACE (Downstream from Lake McBride at Mehaffey Bridge)
8-Sep-05
8
4.8
10
7.8
na
na
na
na
15-Sep-05
7
6.4
27
6.0
na
na
na
na
na
na
31
24
110
38
1
<1
2
2
na
na
na
na
Coralville Reservoir - MID-DEPTH
8-Sep-05
8
4.3
13
15-Sep-05
5
6.9
17
5.3
4.6
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
4
14
33
32
<1
<1
<1
<1
na
na
na
na
Coralville Reservoir - BOTTOM
8-Sep-05
16
4.7
26
15-Sep-05
8
6.1
28
5.2
5.1
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
10
11
18
30
<1
<1
<1
<1
na
na
na
na
Iowa River Downstream - University Water Plant (Iowa City)
8-Sep-05
16
5.4
23
5.1
na
na
15-Sep-05
7
4.9
17
6.1
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
19
28
99
39
1
1
1
1
na
na
na
na
MIN
MAX
MEAN
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
4
31
18
18
329
97
<1
1
na
<1
3
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
Iowa River Upstream (Green Castle Avenue)
8-Sep-05
5
18.5
80
6.4
15-Sep-05
4
17.1
114
8.6
4
16
8
4.3
18.5
7.9
10
114
36
4.6
8.6
6.0
na
na
na
na
na
na
186
mg/m
mg/m
mg/m
Org. / 100 mL
Table 4: Quality Assurance/Control, September 2005.
Coralville Reservoir Water Quality
QA/QC: Physical, Chemical and Biological Analysis - Table 1 of 2
Date
Water
Diss.
Temp.
pH
Carbon Dioxide
Alkalinity
Hardness
Nitrogen as N
Oxygen
Titr.
Calc.
C
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
7.75
12.9
8.99
-3.9
<1
na
<1
na
4.2
na
0.2
58.6
4
50.0
6
25.0
118
6.3
118
4.8
80
-11.1
90
8.2
174
-2.4
154
4.9
0.08
-14.3
0.14
-27.3
Replicate (WP)
8-Sep-05
na
% diff.
na
15-Sep-05
na
% diff.
na
na
na
na
na
7.43
na
8.33
na
<1
na
<1
na
10.1
-543.9
1.3
-125.2
4
-100.0
2
0.0
136
-3.0
140
-2.9
112
-1.8
116
-3.6
180
0.0
178
3.3
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
104
104
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
100
105
100
100
103
102
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
100
104
108
96
96
97
na
na
na
na
na
na
○
Duplicate (O)
8-Sep-05
% diff.
15-Sep-05
% diff.
Standards (% Recovery)
8-Sep-05
na
15-Sep-05
na
na
Spikes (% Recovery)
8-Sep-05
na
Spike 2
na
Spike 3
na
15-Sep-05
na
Spike 2
na
Spike 3
na
187
Phenolth. Total Calcium Total NH3-N NO2-N NO3-N
Phosphorus as P
TKN
Total
Ortho-P
Total-P
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
<0.01
na
<0.01
na
<0.1
na
<0.1
na
6.19
0.0
4.50
-4.3
6.2
0.0
4.5
-4.3
0.05
16.7
0.09
18.2
1.17
-134.0
0.32
23.8
0.05
16.7
0.16
-77.8
0.23
-3.7
0.02
-45.5
<0.1
na
<0.1
na
5.06
0.0
1.88
33.3
5.3
1.5
1.9
33.0
0.15
-7.1
0.34
-54.5
0.17
29.2
0.27
-3.8
96
98
na
97
103
na
na
na
na
115
120
na
87
88
na
na
na
na
112
112
na
112
106
na
100
100
97
120
93
98
107
115
101
102
101
106
na
na
na
na
na
na
95
103
99
84
99
99
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
97
93
92
105
98
95
116
105
98
112
103
106
Table 5: Quality Assurance/Control, September 2005.
Coralville Reservoir Water Quality
QA/QC: Physical, Chemical and Biological Analysis - Table 2 of 2
Date
Silica
TOC
TSS
BOD5
as SiO2
Additional Anions
Additional Cations
Pigments
Ion
Cl
SO4
Na
K
Balance
chl a
3
pheo a
chl b
3
mg/m
Indicator Org.
chl c
3
Fecal
3
E. coli
Org. / 100 mL
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
% diff.
mg/m
Duplicate (O)
8-Sep-05
6
% diff.
-14.2
15-Sep-05
5
% diff.
-29.4
21.5
-16.2
15.8
7.6
502
-527.5
104
8.8
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
7
72.7
65
-106.2
315
-33.2
286
-159.1
<1
na
<1
na
<1
na
6
-184.3
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
Replicate (WP)
8-Sep-05
12
% diff.
22.9
15-Sep-05
7
% diff.
0.0
5.7
-5.6
5.7
-16.3
38
-65.2
20
-17.6
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
12
39.5
21
24.8
60
39.3
42
-6.5
<1
na
1
5.3
<1
na
2
-78.9
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
Standards (% Recovery)
8-Sep-05
135
93
15-Sep-05
123
93
na
na
Spikes (% Recovery)
8-Sep-05
103
106
Spike 2
108
111
Spike 3
112
101
15-Sep-05
49
85
Spike 2
67
111
Spike 3
57
72
Appendix A: Supporting Information
188
mg/m
mg/m
Coralville Reservoir Water Quality - Field Report
Physical and Chemical Analysis
Location
Upstream
Res-Surface
Res-Mid
Res-Bottom
Downstream
Date
8-Sep-05
8-Sep-05
8-Sep-05
8-Sep-05
8-Sep-05
Alkalinity
Hardness
Carbon
Dioxide Phenolth. Total Calcium Total
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L mg/L mg/L
Water
Temp.
○
C
Diss.
Oxygen
mg/L
pH
25.3
26.2
24.4
24.2
25.9
7.3
8.5
6.1
5.9
7.7
8.90
8.93
7.45
7.78
8.22
Comments:
189
<1
<1
6.5
7.5
<1
8
8
<1
<1
2
126
126
126
132
132
72
94
94
94
110
170
160
174
176
180
Air Temp.
○
C
27.2
27.2
27.2
27.2
27.2
Sky
Previous Day
Precipitation
inches
Clear
Clear
Clear
Clear
Clear
0
0
0
0
0
○
F
81.0
81.0
81.0
81.0
81.0
Coralville Reservoir Water Quality - Field Report
Physical and Chemical Analysis
Location
Upstream
Res-Surface
Res-Mid
Res-Bottom
Downstream
Alkalinity
Hardness
Carbon
Dioxide Phenolth. Total Calcium Total
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L mg/L mg/L
Date
Water
Temp.
○
C
Diss.
Oxygen
mg/L
pH
15-Sep-05
15-Sep-05
15-Sep-05
15-Sep-05
15-Sep-05
20.7
23.7
23.8
23.7
22.3
9.4
6.9
5.8
6.0
8.6
8.65
8.37
8.18
7.76
8.66
Comments:
190
<1
<1
1.5
1.5
<1
8
2
<1
2
2
124
130
134
130
136
98
100
100
100
112
162
176
172
172
184
Air Temp.
Noon
○
○
C
F
19.4
19.4
19.4
19.4
19.4
66.9
66.9
66.9
66.9
66.9
Sky
Previous Day
Precipitation
inches
Clear
Clear
Clear
Clear
Clear
0
0
0
0
0
October 2005 Monthly Report
Department of Civil and
Environmental Engineering
IIHR – Hydroscience & Engineering
Coralville Reservoir Water
Quality Project
Monthly Report, October 2005
Claudia Espinosa-Villegas
Craig Just
Tatsuaki Nakato
Jerald Schnoor
191
General Conditions
Samples were collected on Oct 13th at all river and reservoir locations. The general
conditions and hydrologic parameters for each sampling event are highlighted in Table 1.
The stream flow data is taken from the USGS website and is considered provisional.
Table 1: General conditions and hydrologic parameters for each sampling event.
Air Temp.
Noon
Date
○
13-Oct-05
Date
13-Oct-05
C
13.0
Sky
○
F
55.4
Inflow, USGS05453100
max
min
mean
cfs
cfs
cfs
528
510
520
Overcast
Previous Day
Precipitation
inches
0.01
Outflow, USGS05453520
max
min
mean
cfs
cfs
cfs
351
333
344
Pool Level
ft msl
685.29
Water Quality Observations
The physical, chemical and biological water quality results are shown in Table 2 and
Table 3 for the reservoir and river locations. Quality assurance and quality control data
are shown in Table 4 and Table 5. The field report(s) for the month are included in
Appendix A.
The water temperature was between 15.5 and 17.7○C at all locations with a mean of
16.5○C. The dissolved oxygen concentration was lowest at the reservoir bottom location
(6.4 mg/L) and greatest at the reservoir surface (9.1 mg/L). The pH was between 7.98
and 8.72 for all sample locations with a mean of 8.27. The titrated carbon dioxide
concentrations were between <1 mg/L and 5 mg/L with the minima occurring at the
upstream and reservoir surface locations and the maximum occurring at the reservoir
bottom. Phenolphthalein alkalinity was below detection level (<1 mg/L as CaCO3) for
the reservoir mid-depth, reservoir bottom and the downstream locations; values of 10
mg/L as CaCO3 were measured at the upstream and reservoir surface. Total alkalinity
was between 134 and 270 mg/L as CaCO3 for all samples with a mean of 172 mg/L as
CaCO3. Calcium hardness was lowest (96 mg/L as CaCO3) at the reservoir surface and
greatest (260 mg/L as CaCO3) at the upstream location. Total hardness was between 180
and 350 mg/L as CaCO3 for all samples with a mean of 222 mg/L as CaCO3.
Ammonia nitrogen concentrations ranged from 0.1 to 0.6 mg/L-N for all samples with a
mean of 0.3 mg/L-N. Nitrite nitrogen concentrations were 0.01 mg/L-N for all samples
collected. The nitrate concentration was lowest (0.2 mg/L-N) at the reservoir surface
location and greatest (2.5 mg/L-N) at the upstream location. Total Kjeldahl nitrogen was
192
between 1.69 and 5.63 mg/L-N for all samples with a mean of 2.78 mg/L-N. Total
nitrogen was lowest (2.3 mg/L-N) at downstream location and greatest (8.1 mg/L-N) at
the upstream location. Reactive (ortho) phosphate was between 0.06 and 0.55 mg/L-P for
all locations and total phosphorus was lowest at downstream location (0.10 mg/L-P) and
greatest (0.58 mg/L-P) at the upstream location.
The silica concentration was between 4 mg/L and 20 mg/L as SiO2 for all samples and
total organic carbon was lowest (5.1 mg/L) at the upstream location and greatest (9.7
mg/L) at the reservoir bottom. Total suspended solids ranged from 11 mg/L for the
reservoir surface to 115 mg/L for the upstream location. The biological oxygen demand
was between 4.9 and 7.2 mg/L for all samples with a mean of 6.0 mg/L.
No other parameters were measured in Oct 2005.
193
Table 2: Results, Oct 2005.
Coralville Reservoir Water Quality
Physical, Chemical and Biological Analysis - Table 1 of 2
Date
Alkalinity
Hardness
Nitrogen as N
Diss.
Temp.
Oxygen
Titr.
Calc.
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
1.7
10
270
260
350
0.1
Coralville Reservoir - SURFACE (Downstream from Lake McBride at Mehaffey Bridge)
13-Oct-05
17.5
9.1
8.72
<1
0.5
10
144
96
180
Coralville Reservoir - MID-DEPTH
13-Oct-05
16.0
6.7
7.98
4.0
3.1
<1
150
98
Coralville Reservoir - BOTTOM
13-Oct-05
15.5
6.4
5.0
3.2
<1
160
Iowa River Downstream - University Water Plant (Iowa City)
13-Oct-05
17.7
8.7
8.18
1.0
1.7
<1
MIN
MAX
MEAN
<1
10
na
○
C
pH
Carbon Dioxide
Water
Iowa River Upstream (Green Castle Avenue)
13-Oct-05
15.9
8.9
8.50
<1
15.5
17.7
16.5
6.4
9.1
6.9
7.99
7.98
8.72
8.27
<1
5.0
na
0.5
3.2
2.1
194
Phenolth. Total Calcium Total NH3-N NO2-N NO3-N
Phosphorus as P
TKN
Total
Ortho-P
Total-P
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
0.01
2.5
5.63
8.1
0.55
0.58
0.1
0.01
0.2
3.00
3.2
0.06
0.14
190
0.5
0.01
0.6
1.88
2.5
0.08
0.20
120
204
0.6
0.01
1.2
1.69
2.9
0.08
0.30
134
102
184
0.1
0.01
0.6
1.69
2.3
0.08
0.10
134
270
172
96
260
135
180
350
222
0.1
0.6
0.3
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.2
2.5
1.0
1.69
5.63
2.78
2.3
8.1
3.8
0.06
0.55
0.17
0.10
0.58
0.26
Table 3: Results, Oct 2005.
Coralville Reservoir Water Quality
Physical, Chemical and Biological Analysis - Table 2 of 2
Date
Silica
TOC
TSS
BOD5
mg/L
Additional Anions
Cl
as SiO2
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
SO4
Additional Cations
Na
K
Pigments
Ion
Balance
chl a
pheo a
3
3
Indicator Org.
chl b
chl c
3
Fecal
3
E. coli
Org. / 100 mL
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
% diff.
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
Coralville Reservoir - SURFACE (Downstream from Lake McBride at Mehaffey Bridge)
13-Oct-05
4
5.5
11
7.2
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
Coralville Reservoir - MID-DEPTH
13-Oct-05
4
6.4
20
6.5
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
Coralville Reservoir - BOTTOM
13-Oct-05
6
9.7
48
5.9
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
Iowa River Downstream - University Water Plant (Iowa City)
13-Oct-05
6
5.3
16
4.9
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
MIN
MAX
MEAN
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
Iowa River Upstream (Green Castle Avenue)
13-Oct-05
20
5.1
115
5.3
4
20
8
5.1
9.7
6.4
11
115
42
4.9
7.2
6.0
na
na
na
na
na
na
195
mg/m
mg/m
mg/m
mg/m
Table 4: Quality Assurance/Control, Oct 2005.
Coralville Reservoir Water Quality
QA/QC: Physical, Chemical and Biological Analysis - Table 1 of 2
Date
Alkalinity
Hardness
Nitrogen as N
Diss.
Temp.
Oxygen
Titr.
Calc.
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
○
C
Duplicate (O)
13-Oct-05
na
% diff.
na
Replicate (WP)
13-Oct-05
na
% diff.
na
Standards (% Recovery)
13-Oct-05
na
Spikes (% Recovery)
13-Oct-05
na
Spike 2
na
Spike 3
na
pH
Carbon Dioxide
Water
Phenolth. Total Calcium Total NH3-N NO2-N NO3-N
Phosphorus as P
TKN
Total
Ortho-P
Total-P
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
na
na
8.46
na
<1
na
1.7
-4.2
10
0.0
256
5.2
228
12.3
334
4.6
0.02
66.7
0.01
18.2
4.9
-96.0
5.81
-3.3
10.7
-31.8
0.29
47.3
0.29
50.0
na
na
8.08
na
1.0
0.0
2.2
-26.3
<1
na
134
0.0
108
-5.9
184
0.0
0.16
-60.0
0.00
57.1
<0.1
na
1.88
-11.1
1.9
19.2
0.14
-75.0
0.19
-90.0
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
104
98
na
106.4
86.95
na
112
115
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
96
92
100
na
na
na
90
95
100
84.9
104.9
95
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
100.1
94.9
105
113.7
102.4
98.9
196
Table 5: Quality Assurance/Control, Oct 2005.
Coralville Reservoir Water Quality
QA/QC: Physical, Chemical and Biological Analysis - Table 2 of 2
Date
Silica
TOC
TSS
BOD5
Cl
as SiO2
mg/L
Additional Anions
mg/L
Duplicate (O)
13-Oct-05
19.2
5.0
% diff.
3.5
2.0
Replicate (WP)
13-Oct-05
4
4.8
% diff.
33.3
9.4
Standards (% Recovery)
13-Oct-05
115
101
Spikes (% Recovery)
13-Oct-05
86.5
114.0
Spike 2
115.5
109.0
Spike 3
63.3
97.0
SO4
Additional Cations
Na
K
Pigments
Ion
Balance
chl a
pheo a
3
3
Indicator Org.
chl b
chl c
3
Fecal
3
E. coli
Org. / 100 mL
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
% diff.
mg/m
38
67.0
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
11
31.3
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
197
mg/m
mg/m
mg/m
Appendix A: Supporting Information
Coralville Reservoir Water Quality - Field Report
Physical and Chemical Analysis
Location
Upstream
Res-Surface
Res-Mid
Res-Bottom
Downstream
Date
13-Oct-05
13-Oct-05
13-Oct-05
13-Oct-05
13-Oct-05
Alkalinity
Hardness
Carbon
Dioxide Phenolth. Total Calcium Total
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L mg/L mg/L
Water
Temp.
○
C
Diss.
Oxygen
mg/L
pH
15.9
17.5
16.0
15.5
17.7
8.9
9.1
6.7
6.4
8.7
8.50
8.72
7.98
7.99
8.18
Comments:
198
<1
<1
4.0
5.0
1.0
10
10
<1
<1
<1
270
144
150
160
134
260
96
98
120
102
350
180
190
204
184
Air Temp.
○
C
13.0
13.0
13.0
13.0
13.0
○
Sky
Previous Day
Precipitation
inches
Overcast
Overcast
Overcast
Overcast
Overcast
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
F
55.4
55.4
55.4
55.4
55.4
November 2005 Monthly Report
Department of Civil and
Environmental Engineering
IIHR – Hydroscience & Engineering
Coralville Reservoir Water
Quality Project
Monthly Report, November 2005
Claudia Espinosa-Villegas
Craig Just
Tatsuaki Nakato
Jerald Schnoor
199
General Conditions
Samples were collected on Nov 3rd at all river and reservoir locations. The general
conditions and hydrologic parameters for each sampling event are highlighted in Table 1.
The stream flow data is taken from the USGS website and is considered provisional.
Table 1: General conditions and hydrologic parameters for each sampling event.
Air Temp.
Noon
Date
○
3-Nov-05
Date
3-Nov-05
C
21.0
Sky
○
F
69.8
Inflow, USGS05453100
max
min
mean
cfs
cfs
cfs
365
345
351
Clear
Previous Day
Precipitation
inches
0
Outflow, USGS05453520
max
min
mean
cfs
cfs
cfs
157
133
145
Pool Level
ft msl
686.35
Water Quality Observations
The physical, chemical and biological water quality results are shown in Table 2 and
Table 3 for the reservoir and river locations. Quality assurance and quality control data
are shown in Table 4 and Table 5. The field report(s) for the month are included in
Appendix A.
The water temperature was between 11.3 and 15.4○C at all locations with a mean of
13.6○C. The dissolved oxygen concentration was lowest at the reservoir bottom location
(8.6 mg/L) and greatest at the upstream location (13 mg/L). The pH was between 8.28
and 8.73 for all sample locations with a mean of 8.41. The titrated carbon dioxide
concentrations were all below the detection level (<1 mg/L). Phenolphthalein alkalinity
was between 0.8 and 2.0 mg/L as CaCO3 with a mean of 1.4 mg/L as CaCO3. Total
alkalinity was between 148 and 238 mg/L as CaCO3 for all samples with a mean of 191
mg/L as CaCO3. Calcium hardness was lowest (116 mg/L as CaCO3) at the downstream
location and greatest (186 mg/L as CaCO3) at the upstream location. Total hardness was
between 196 and 300 mg/L as CaCO3 for all samples with a mean of 244 mg/L as
CaCO3.
Ammonia nitrogen concentrations were 0.1 mg/L-N for all samples. Nitrite nitrogen
concentrations were between 0.01 and 0.11 mg/L-N with a mean of 0.07 mg/L-N. The
nitrate concentration was lowest (0.2 mg/L-N) at the downstream location and greatest
(3.1 mg/L-N) at the upstream location; there was no nitrate nitrogen measurement for the
reservoir mid-depth location due to an analytical error. Total Kjeldahl nitrogen was
between 1.31 and 2.63 mg/L-N for all samples with a mean of 1.99 mg/L-N. Total
200
nitrogen was lowest (1.5 mg/L-N) at downstream location and greatest (4.8 mg/L-N) at
the upstream location. Reactive (ortho) phosphate was between 0.06 and 0.12 mg/L-P for
all locations and total phosphorus was lowest at reservoir bottom location (0.17 mg/L-P)
and greatest (0.35 mg/L-P) at the upstream location.
The silica concentration was between 6 mg/L and 13 mg/L as SiO2 for all samples. Total
organic carbon was lowest (3.1 mg/L) at the downstream location and greatest (6.3 mg/L)
at the reservoir surface. Total suspended solids ranged from 11 mg/L for the downstream
location to 25 mg/L for the upstream location. The biological oxygen demand was
between 7.2 and 10.3 mg/L for all samples with a mean of 8.2 mg/L.
No other parameters were measured in November 2005.
201
Table 2: Results, Nov 2005.
Coralville Reservoir Water Quality
Physical, Chemical and Biological Analysis - Table 1 of 2
Date
Water
Diss.
Temp.
Oxygen
Titr.
Calc.
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
0.8
16
238
186
300
0.1
Coralville Reservoir - SURFACE (Downstream from Lake McBride at Mehaffey Bridge)
3-Nov-05
15.3
8.8
8.44
<1
1.3
6
186
140
236
Coralville Reservoir - MID-DEPTH
3-Nov-05
12.5
9.7
8.28
<1
2.0
4
190
150
Coralville Reservoir - BOTTOM
3-Nov-05
15.4
8.6
8.30
<1
1.9
6
194
Iowa River Downstream - University Water Plant (Iowa City)
3-Nov-05
13.6
10.1
8.42
<1
1.1
6
MIN
MAX
MEAN
4
16
8
○
C
pH
Carbon Dioxide
Iowa River Upstream (Green Castle Avenue)
3-Nov-05
11.3
13.0
8.73
<1
11.3
15.4
13.6
8.6
13.0
10.0
8.28
8.73
8.41
<1
<1
na
Alkalinity
Hardness
Nitrogen as N
Phenolth. Total Calcium Total NH3-N NO2-N NO3-N
0.8
2.0
1.4
202
Phosphorus as P
TKN
Total
Ortho-P
Total-P
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
0.03
3.1
1.69
4.8
0.12
0.35
0.1
0.11
1.7
2.25
4.1
0.06
0.20
240
0.1
0.09
na
2.63
na
0.07
0.34
144
246
0.1
0.09
2.0
2.06
4.1
0.06
0.17
148
116
196
0.1
0.01
0.2
1.31
1.5
0.08
0.18
148
238
191
116
186
147
196
300
244
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.01
0.11
0.07
0.2
3.1
1.7
1.31
2.63
1.99
1.5
4.8
3.6
0.06
0.12
0.08
0.17
0.35
0.25
Table 3: Results, Nov 2005.
Coralville Reservoir Water Quality
Physical, Chemical and Biological Analysis - Table 2 of 2
Date
Silica
TOC
TSS
BOD5
mg/L
Additional Anions
Cl
as SiO2
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
SO4
Additional Cations
Na
K
Pigments
Ion
Balance
chl a
pheo a
3
3
Indicator Org.
chl b
chl c
3
Fecal
3
E. coli
Org. / 100 mL
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
% diff.
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
Coralville Reservoir - SURFACE (Downstream from Lake McBride at Mehaffey Bridge)
3-Nov-05
13
6.3
15
7.6
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
Coralville Reservoir - MID-DEPTH
3-Nov-05
8
4.0
15
8.2
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
Coralville Reservoir - BOTTOM
3-Nov-05
11
3.3
20
7.6
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
Iowa River Downstream - University Water Plant (Iowa City)
3-Nov-05
6
3.1
11
7.2
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
MIN
MAX
MEAN
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
Iowa River Upstream (Green Castle Avenue)
3-Nov-05
12
4.1
25
10.3
6
13
10
3.1
6.3
4.2
11
25
17
7.2
10.3
8.2
na
na
na
na
na
na
203
mg/m
mg/m
mg/m
mg/m
Table 4: Quality Assurance/Control, Nov 2005.
Coralville Reservoir Water Quality
QA/QC: Physical, Chemical and Biological Analysis - Table 1 of 2
Date
Alkalinity
Hardness
Nitrogen as N
Diss.
Oxygen
Titr.
Calc.
C
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
16
0.0
230
3.4
182
2.2
300
0.0
0.08
-14.3
Replicate (WP)
3-Nov-05
na
% diff.
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
6
0.0
150
-1.4
110
5.2
194
1.0
Standards (% Recovery)
3-Nov-05
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
104
Spikes (% Recovery)
3-Nov-05
na
Spike 2
na
Spike 3
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
108
104
106
na
na
na
○
Duplicate (O)
3-Nov-05
% diff.
pH
Carbon Dioxide
Water
Temp.
204
Phenolth. Total Calcium Total NH3-N NO2-N NO3-N
Phosphorus as P
TKN
Total
Ortho-P
Total-P
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
0.02
29.0
2.6
16.1
1.69
0.0
4.3
10.6
0.08
33.3
0.29
17.1
0.1
-25.0
0.01
50.0
0.2
-17.6
1.50
-14.2
1.7
-14.2
0.1
-25.0
0.09
50.0
104
103
na
121.6
82
na
115
103
100
113
103
111
106
101
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
92
93
101
99
107
111
Table 5: Quality Assurance/Control, Nov 2005.
Coralville Reservoir Water Quality
QA/QC: Physical, Chemical and Biological Analysis - Table 2 of 2
Date
Silica
TOC
TSS
BOD5
as SiO2
Additional Anions
Cl
SO4
Additional Cations
Na
K
Ion
Balance
Pigments
chl a
pheo a
3
3
Indicator Org.
chl b
chl c
3
Fecal
3
E. coli
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
% diff.
Duplicate (O)
3-Nov-05
10.91
% diff.
6.0
3.2
22.0
22
12.0
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
Replicate (WP)
3-Nov-05
5
% diff.
22.3
3.0
3.2
<10
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
Standards (% Recovery)
3-Nov-05
114
104
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
Spikes (% Recovery)
3-Nov-05
153
Spike 2
197
Spike 3
200
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
105
127
115
205
mg/m
mg/m
mg/m
mg/m
Org. / 100 mL
Appendix A: Supporting Information
Coralville Reservoir Water Quality - Field Report
Physical and Chemical Analysis
Location
Upstream
Res-Surface
Res-Mid
Res-Bottom
Downstream
Date
3-Nov-05
3-Nov-05
3-Nov-05
3-Nov-05
3-Nov-05
Water
Temp.
○
C
Diss.
Oxygen
mg/L
pH
11.3
15.3
12.5
15.4
13.6
13.0
8.8
9.7
8.6
10.1
8.73
8.44
8.28
8.30
8.42
Alkalinity
Hardness
Carbon
Dioxide Phenolth. Total Calcium Total
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L mg/L mg/L
<1
<1
<1
<1
<1
Comments:
206
16
6
4
6
6
2238
186
190
194
148
186
140
150
144
116
300
236
240
246
196
Air Temp.
○
C
21.0
21.0
21.0
21.0
21.0
○
Sky
Previous Day
Precipitation
inches
Clear
Clear
Clear
Clear
Clear
0
0
0
0
0
F
69.8
69.8
69.8
69.8
69.8
December 2005 Monthly Report
Department of Civil and
Environmental Engineering
IIHR – Hydroscience & Engineering
Coralville Reservoir Water
Quality Project
Monthly Report, December 2005
Claudia Espinosa-Villegas
Craig Just
Tatsuaki Nakato
Jerald Schnoor
207
General Conditions
Samples were collected on Dec 9th at all river and reservoir locations. The general
conditions and hydrologic parameters for each sampling event are highlighted in Table 1.
The stream flow data is taken from the USGS website and is considered provisional.
Table 1: General conditions and hydrologic parameters for each sampling event.
Date
Sky
Air Temp.
Noon
○
9-Dec-05
Date
9-Dec-05
C
-13.9
○
F
7.0
Inflow, USGS05453100
max
min
mean
cfs
cfs
cfs
528
455
492
Clear
Previous Day
Precipitation
inches
0
Outflow, USGS05453520
max
min
mean
cfs
cfs
cfs
908
881
896
Pool Level
ft msl
684.17
Water Quality Observations
The physical, chemical and biological water quality results are shown in Table 2 and
Table 3 for the reservoir and river locations. Quality assurance and quality control data
are shown in Table 4 and Table 5. The field report(s) for the month are included in
Appendix A. Dangerous ice conditions prevented sample collection at the reservoir middepth and bottom locations.
The water temperature was between 2.2 and 3.5○C at all locations with a mean of 2.6○C.
The dissolved oxygen concentration was lowest at the upstream location (14.2 mg/L) and
greatest at the reservoir surface (17.0 mg/L). The pH was between 7.78 and 8.36 with a
mean of 8.06. The titrated carbon dioxide concentrations were less than the detection
limit (<1 mg/L) for the reservoir surface and downstream locations and 7.5 mg/L at the
upstream location. Phenolphthalein alkalinity was below detection level (<1 mg/L as
CaCO3) for the upstream location; values of 6 and 8 mg/L as CaCO3 were measured at
the reservoir surface and downstream locations respectively. Total alkalinity was
between 176 and 272 mg/L as CaCO3 for all samples with a mean of 211 mg/L as
CaCO3. Calcium hardness was lowest (122 mg/L as CaCO3) at the reservoir surface and
greatest (220 mg/L as CaCO3) at the upstream location. Total hardness was between 228
and 340 mg/L as CaCO3 for all samples with a mean of 266 mg/L as CaCO3.
Ammonia nitrogen concentrations ranged from 0.2 to 0.3 mg/L-N for all samples with a
mean of 0.2 mg/L-N. Nitrite nitrogen concentrations were less than 0.03 mg/L-N for all
samples collected. The nitrate concentration was lowest (0.6 mg/L-N) at the downstream
location and greatest (4.0 mg/L-N) at the upstream location. Total Kjeldahl nitrogen was
208
between 2.06 and 3.00 mg/L-N for all samples with a mean of 2.56 mg/L-N. Total
nitrogen was lowest (2.9 mg/L-N) at reservoir surface and greatest (7.0 mg/L-N) at the
upstream location. Reactive (ortho) phosphate was between 0.03 and 0.30 mg/L-P for all
locations and total phosphorus was lowest at the reservoir surface (0.56 mg/L-P) and
greatest (2.07 mg/L-P) at the upstream location.
The silica concentration was below detection limit (<1 mg/L as SiO2) for the reservoir
surface and 2 and 4 mg/L as SiO2 for the downstream and upstream locations
respectively. Total organic carbon was lowest (6.8 mg/L) at the upstream location and
greatest (8.2 mg/L) at reservoir surface. Total suspended solids ranged from 11 mg/L for
the reservoir surface to 16 mg/L for the upstream location. The biological oxygen
demand was between 10.8 and 13.8 mg/L for all samples with a mean of 12.3 mg/L.
No other parameters were measured in December 2005.
209
Table 2: Results, Dec 2005.
Coralville Reservoir Water Quality
Physical, Chemical and Biological Analysis - Table 1 of 2
Date
Alkalinity
Hardness
Nitrogen as N
Diss.
Oxygen
Titr.
Calc.
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
9.0
<1
272
220
340
0.2
Coralville Reservoir - SURFACE (Downstream from Lake McBride at Mehaffey Bridge)
9-Dec-05
3.5
17.0
8.28
<1
1.8
6
176
122
228
Coralville Reservoir - MID-DEPTH
9-Dec-05
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
Coralville Reservoir - BOTTOM
9-Dec-05
na
na
na
na
na
na
Iowa River Downstream - University Water Plant (Iowa City)
9-Dec-05
2.2
15.4
8.36
<1
1.6
8
MIN
MAX
MEAN
<1
8
na
○
C
pH
Carbon Dioxide
Water
Temp.
Iowa River Upstream (Green Castle Avenue)
9-Dec-05
2.2
14.2
7.78
7.5
2.2
3.5
2.6
14.2
17.0
15.5
na
7.78
8.36
8.06
<1
7.5
na
1.6
9.0
4.1
210
Phenolth. Total Calcium Total NH3-N NO2-N NO3-N
Phosphorus as P
TKN
Total
Ortho-P
Total-P
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
0.01
4.0
3.00
7.0
0.30
2.07
0.2
0.01
0.8
2.06
2.9
0.03
0.56
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
184
126
230
0.3
0.03
0.6
2.63
3.3
0.08
0.65
176
272
211
122
220
156
228
340
266
0.2
0.3
0.2
0.01
0.03
0.02
0.6
4.0
1.8
2.06
3.00
2.56
2.9
7.0
4.4
0.03
0.30
0.14
0.56
2.07
1.09
Table 3: Results, Dec 2005.
Coralville Reservoir Water Quality
Physical, Chemical and Biological Analysis - Table 2 of 2
Date
Silica
TOC
TSS
BOD5
mg/L
Additional Anions
Cl
as SiO2
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
SO4
Additional Cations
Na
K
Pigments
Ion
Balance
chl a
pheo a
3
3
Indicator Org.
chl b
chl c
3
Fecal
3
E. coli
Org. / 100 mL
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
% diff.
na
na
16.0
3.5
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
Coralville Reservoir - SURFACE (Downstream from Lake McBride at Mehaffey Bridge)
9-Dec-05
<1
8.2
11
13.8
na
na
13.0
2.8
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
Coralville Reservoir - MID-DEPTH
9-Dec-05
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
Coralville Reservoir - BOTTOM
9-Dec-05
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
Iowa River Downstream - University Water Plant (Iowa City)
9-Dec-05
2
7.9
16
12.4
na
na
12.0
3.1
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
MIN
MAX
MEAN
12.0
16.0
13.7
2.8
3.5
3.1
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
Iowa River Upstream (Green Castle Avenue)
9-Dec-05
4
6.8
16
10.8
<1
4
na
6.8
8.2
7.6
na
11
16
14
10.8
13.8
12.3
na
na
na
211
na
na
na
mg/m
mg/m
mg/m
mg/m
Table 4: Quality Assurance/Control, Dec 2005.
Coralville Reservoir Water Quality
QA/QC: Physical, Chemical and Biological Analysis - Table 1 of 2
Date
Alkalinity
Hardness
Nitrogen as N
Diss.
Oxygen
Titr.
Calc.
C
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
268
1.5
218
0.9
342
-0.6
0.16
30.4
Replicate (WP)
9-Dec-05
na
% diff.
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
176
4.3
124
1.6
232
-0.9
Standards (% Recovery)
9-Dec-05
na
na
na
na
na
na
104
104
Spikes (% Recovery)
9-Dec-05
na
Spike 2
na
Spike 3
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
112
98
95
na
na
na
○
Duplicate (O)
9-Dec-05
% diff.
pH
Carbon Dioxide
Water
Temp.
212
Phenolth. Total Calcium Total NH3-N NO2-N NO3-N
Phosphorus as P
TKN
Total
Ortho-P
Total-P
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
0.01
7.7
4.7
-17.5
2.81
6.2
7.5
-7.3
0.38
-26.7
0.82
60.4
0.17
32.0
0.02
12.0
0.9
-50.0
2.44
7.1
3.4
-3.4
0.02
75.0
0.81
-24.6
102
102
na
111.2
82.6
na
118
109
100
75
40
110
116
114
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
106
100
94
112
67
85
Table 5: Quality Assurance/Control, Dec 2005.
Coralville Reservoir Water Quality
QA/QC: Physical, Chemical and Biological Analysis - Table 2 of 2
Date
Silica
TOC
TSS
BOD5
as SiO2
Additional Anions
Cl
SO4
Additional Cations
Na
K
Pigments
Ion
Balance
chl a
pheo a
3
3
Indicator Org.
chl b
chl c
3
Fecal
3
E. coli
Org. / 100 mL
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
% diff.
4.67
-9.6
6.4
5.9
10
37.5
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
Replicate (WP)
9-Dec-05
2
% diff.
-49.7
5.8
26.6
11
31.3
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
Standards (% Recovery)
9-Dec-05
96
96
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
Spikes (% Recovery)
9-Dec-05
79
Spike 2
102
Spike 3
96
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
Duplicate (O)
9-Dec-05
% diff.
121
114
97
213
mg/m
mg/m
mg/m
mg/m
Appendix A: Supporting Information
Coralville Reservoir Water Quality - Field Report
Physical and Chemical Analysis
Location
Upstream
Res-Surface
Res-Mid
Res-Bottom
Downstream
Date
Water
Temp.
○
C
Diss.
Oxygen
mg/L
pH
Carbon
Alkalinity
Hardness
Dioxide Phenolth. Total Calcium Total
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L mg/L mg/L
9-Dec-05
9-Dec-05
2.2
3.5
14.2
16.9
7.87
8.71
7.5
<1
<1
6
272
176
220
122
340
228
-13.9
-13.9
9-Dec-05
2.2
15.4
8.48
<1
8
184
126
230
-13.9
Sky
Previous Day
Precipitation
inches
7.0
7.0
Clear
Clear
0
0
7.0
Clear
0
Air Temp.
○
C
○
F
Comments:
Ice cover was found at both the reservoir and upstream locations. Due to dangerous ice cover at the reservoir location sampling was terminated early. Neither the
reservoir mid-depth or reservoir bottom location were sampled.
214
Beach Water Results – May 16th.
Beach water indicator organism results for Sandy Beach, West Overlook Beach and Sugar Bottom
Beach are shown in Table 1:
Table 1: Indicator organism concentrations in beach waters of the Coralville Reservoir.
Date and Parameter
May 16th, 2005
Fecal Coliform
E. coli
Result (cfu per 100 mL)
Sugar Bottom Beach
West Overlook Beach
350
510
300
340
Sandy Beach
590
590
The analysis was performed by The University of Iowa Hygienic Laboratory using methods SM18
9222D and EPA 1603. The detection limit was 10 cfu/100 mL.
The overall sampling conditions and other notes are shown in Table 2.
Date: May 16th, 2005
Location
Transpe
# of People
rency
In
On
(cm)
Water Shore
Sandy Beach
7.5
0
0
Sugar Bottom
13.0
0
0
West Overlook
13.5
0
0
Comments:
# of Water
Fowl/Shore
Birds/Gulls
0/0/0
0/0/0
0/0/0
1
Wave
Height1
(cm)
2
2
0
Wind2
(mph)
SE
3.5
Precipitation3 (48
hours prior to
sampling, inches)
0.0
Estimated
As reported by weatherunderground.com for North Liberty, IA at approximately 9:00 a.m. on the
day of sampling.
3
As reported by weatherunderground.com for North Liberty, IA for the cumulative 48 hours
preceding sampling.
2
215
Beach Water Results – May 18th.
Beach water indicator organism results for Sandy Beach, West Overlook Beach and Sugar Bottom
Beach are shown in Table 1:
Table 1: Indicator organism concentrations in beach waters of the Coralville Reservoir.
Date and Parameter
May 18th, 2005
Fecal Coliform
E. coli
Result (cfu per 100 mL)
Sugar Bottom Beach
West Overlook Beach
160
230
150
130
Sandy Beach
170
130
The analysis was performed by The University of Iowa Hygienic Laboratory using methods SM18
9222D and EPA 1603. The detection limit was 10 cfu/100 mL.
The overall sampling conditions and other notes are shown in Table 2.
Date: May 18th, 2005
Location
Transpe
# of People
rency
In
On
(cm)
Water Shore
Sandy Beach
10.0
0
0
Sugar Bottom
14.0
0
0
West Overlook
17.0
0
0
Comments:
# of Water
Fowl/Shore
Birds/Gulls
0/0/0
1/0/0
0/0/5
1
Wave
Height1
(cm)
5
2
2
Wind2
(mph)
SSE
8.1
Precipitation3 (48
hours prior to
sampling, inches)
0.0
Estimated
As reported by weatherunderground.com for North Liberty, IA at approximately 9:00 a.m. on the
day of sampling.
3
As reported by weatherunderground.com for North Liberty, IA for the cumulative 48 hours
preceding sampling.
2
216
Beach Water Results – May 23rd.
Beach water indicator organism results for Sandy Beach, West Overlook Beach and Sugar Bottom
Beach are shown in Table 1:
Table 1: Indicator organism concentrations in beach waters of the Coralville Reservoir.
Date and Parameter
May 23rd, 2005
Fecal Coliform
E. coli
Result (cfu per 100 mL)
Sugar Bottom Beach
West Overlook Beach
91
50
91
50
Sandy Beach
130
130
The analysis was performed by The University of Iowa Hygienic Laboratory using methods SM18
9222D and EPA 1603. The detection limit was 10 cfu/100 mL.
The overall sampling conditions and other notes are shown in Table 2.
Date: May 23rd, 2005
Location
Transpe
# of People
rency
In
On
(cm)
Water Shore
Sandy Beach
15.0
0
0
Sugar Bottom
21.0
0
0
West Overlook
23.0
0
0
Comments:
# of Water
Fowl/Shore
Birds/Gulls
0/5/0
12/0/0
0/0/0
1
Wave
Height1
(cm)
2
0
2
Wind2
(mph)
NW
9.2
Precipitation3 (48
hours prior to
sampling, inches)
0.07
Estimated
As reported by weatherunderground.com for North Liberty, IA at approximately 9:00 a.m. on the
day of sampling.
3
As reported by weatherunderground.com for North Liberty, IA for the cumulative 48 hours
preceding sampling.
2
217
Beach Water Results – May 31st.
Beach water indicator organism results for Sandy Beach, West Overlook Beach and Sugar Bottom
Beach are shown in Table 1:
Table 1: Indicator organism concentrations in beach waters of the Coralville Reservoir.
Date and Parameter
May 31st, 2005
Fecal Coliform
E. coli
Result (cfu per 100 mL)
Sugar Bottom Beach
West Overlook Beach
10
10
10
10
Sandy Beach
30
30
The analysis was performed by The University of Iowa Hygienic Laboratory using methods SM18
9222D and EPA 1603. The detection limit was 10 cfu/100 mL.
The overall sampling conditions and other notes are shown in Table 2.
Date: May 31st, 2005
Location
Transpe
# of People
# of Water
Wave
rency
Fowl/Shore Height1
In
On
(cm)
(cm)
Water Shore Birds/Gulls
Sandy Beach
7.1
0
1
0/0/0
10
Sugar Bottom
13.1
0
5
0/0/0
2
West Overlook
21.2
0
0
0/0/0
5
Comments:
Pontoon boat near SW side of swimming area at Sandy Beach
Brown froth on the water by shoreline at Sugar Bottom
1
Wind2
(mph)
SE
8.1
Precipitation3 (48
hours prior to
sampling, inches)
0.04
Estimated
As reported by weatherunderground.com for North Liberty, IA at approximately 9:00 a.m. on the
day of sampling.
3
As reported by weatherunderground.com for North Liberty, IA for the cumulative 48 hours
preceding sampling.
2
218
Beach Water Results – Jun 6th.
Beach water indicator organism results for Sandy Beach, West Overlook Beach and Sugar Bottom
Beach are shown in Table 1:
Table 1: Indicator organism concentrations in beach waters of the Coralville Reservoir.
Date and Parameter
June 6th, 2005
Fecal Coliform
E. coli
Result (cfu per 100 mL)
Sugar Bottom Beach
West Overlook Beach
100
20
90
20
Sandy Beach
70
70
The analysis was performed by The University of Iowa Hygienic Laboratory using methods SM18
9222D and EPA 1603. The detection limit was 10 cfu/100 mL.
The overall sampling conditions and other notes are shown in Table 2.
Date: June 6th, 2005
Location
Transpe
# of People
rency
In
On
(cm)
Water Shore
Sandy Beach
6.4
0
5
Sugar Bottom
12.6
0
0
West Overlook
30.8
0
0
Comments:
# of Water
Fowl/Shore
Birds/Gulls
0/0/0
0/0/0
2/0/0
1
Wave
Height1
(cm)
4
2
0
Wind2
(mph)
SSW
6.9
Precipitation3 (48
hours prior to
sampling, inches)
1.32
Estimated
As reported by weatherunderground.com for North Liberty, IA at approximately 9:00 a.m. on the
day of sampling.
3
As reported by weatherunderground.com for North Liberty, IA for the cumulative 48 hours
preceding sampling.
2
219
Beach Water Results – Jun 13th.
Beach water indicator organism results for Sandy Beach, West Overlook Beach and Sugar Bottom
Beach are shown in Table 1:
Table 1: Indicator organism concentrations in beach waters of the Coralville Reservoir.
Date and Parameter
June 13th, 2005
Fecal Coliform
E. coli
Result (cfu per 100 mL)
Sugar Bottom Beach
West Overlook Beach
60
< 10
50
< 10
Sandy Beach
30
30
The analysis was performed by The University of Iowa Hygienic Laboratory using methods SM18
9222D and EPA 1603. The detection limit was 10 cfu/100 mL.
The overall sampling conditions and other notes are shown in Table 2.
Date: June 13th, 2005
Wave
# of Water
Location
Transpe
# of People
Fowl/Shore Height1
rency
In
On
(cm)
(cm)
Water Shore Birds/Gulls
Sandy Beach
10.6
0
0
0/0/2
2
Sugar Bottom
22.4
0
0
0/0/0
4
West Overlook
47.0
0
0
5/0/3
0
Comments:
Some trash on the beach on Sandy Beach and West Overlook
1
Wind2
(mph)
SSW
6.9
Precipitation3 (48
hours prior to
sampling, inches)
0.01
Estimated
As reported by weatherunderground.com for North Liberty, IA at approximately 9:00 a.m. on the
day of sampling.
3
As reported by weatherunderground.com for North Liberty, IA for the cumulative 48 hours
preceding sampling.
2
220
Beach Water Results – Jun 20th.
Beach water indicator organism results for Sandy Beach, West Overlook Beach and Sugar Bottom
Beach are shown in Table 1:
Table 1: Indicator organism concentrations in beach waters of the Coralville Reservoir.
Date and Parameter
June 20th, 2005
Fecal Coliform
E. coli
Result (cfu per 100 mL)
Sugar Bottom Beach
West Overlook Beach
<10
<10
<10
<10
Sandy Beach
30
30
The analysis was performed by The University of Iowa Hygienic Laboratory using methods SM18
9222D and EPA 1603. The detection limit was 10 cfu/100 mL.
The overall sampling conditions and other notes are shown in Table 2.
Date: June 20th, 2005
Location
Transpe
# of People
rency
In
On
(cm)
Water Shore
Sandy Beach
37.4
0
0
Sugar Bottom
20.0
1
0
West Overlook
10.0
0
0
Comments:
# of Water
Fowl/Shore
Birds/Gulls
0/0/0
0/0/0
7/0/0
1
Wave
Height1
(cm)
0
2
0
Wind2
(mph)
SW
4.6
Precipitation3 (48
hours prior to
sampling, inches)
0.0
Estimated
As reported by weatherunderground.com at approximately 9:00 a.m. on the day of sampling.
3
As reported by weatherunderground.com for the cumulative 48 hours preceding sampling.
2
221
Beach Water Results – Jul 27th.
Beach water indicator organism results for Sandy Beach, West Overlook Beach and Sugar Bottom
Beach are shown in Table 1:
Table 1: Indicator organism concentrations in beach waters of the Coralville Reservoir.
Date and Parameter
June 27th, 2005
Fecal Coliform
E. coli
Result (cfu per 100 mL)
Sugar Bottom Beach
West Overlook Beach
40
<10
30
<10
Sandy Beach
120
73
The analysis was performed by The University of Iowa Hygienic Laboratory using methods SM18
9222D and EPA 1603. The detection limit was 10 cfu/100 mL.
The overall sampling conditions and other notes are shown in Table 2.
Date: June 27th, 2005
# of Water
Wave
Location
Transpe
# of People
Wind2 Precipitation3 (48
Fowl/Shore Height1 (mph)
rency
hours prior to
In
On
(cm)
sampling, inches)
(cm)
Water Shore Birds/Gulls
Sandy Beach
9.2
0
0
0/0/0
8
SSE
0.0
Sugar Bottom
19.5
0
0
0/0/0
3
6.9
West Overlook
20.4
0
1
0/0/0
2
Comments:
Dead, somewhat decomposed fish found on Sandy Beach near one of near-shore sampling points.
1
Estimated
As reported by weatherunderground.com for North Liberty, IA at approximately 9:00 a.m. on the
day of sampling.
3
As reported by weatherunderground.com for North Liberty, IA for the cumulative 48 hours
preceding sampling.
2
222
Beach Water Results – Jul 5th.
Beach water indicator organism results for Sandy Beach, West Overlook Beach and Sugar Bottom
Beach are shown in Table 1:
Table 1: Indicator organism concentrations in beach waters of the Coralville Reservoir.
Date and Parameter
July 5th, 2005
Fecal Coliform
E. coli
Result (cfu per 100 mL)
Sugar Bottom Beach
West Overlook Beach
100
91
100
82
Sandy Beach
140
91
The analysis was performed by The University of Iowa Hygienic Laboratory using methods SM18
9222D and EPA 1603. The detection limit was 10 cfu/100 mL.
The overall sampling conditions and other notes are shown in Table 2.
Date: July 5th, 2005
Location
Transpe
# of People
rency
In
On
(cm)
Water Shore
Sandy Beach
10.5
0
1
Sugar Bottom
10.9
0
1
West Overlook
12.8
3
3
Comments:
# of Water
Fowl/Shore
Birds/Gulls
0/0/0
0/0/0
0/0/0
1
Wave
Height1
(cm)
4
1
2
Wind2
(mph)
CALM
0.0
Precipitation3 (48
hours prior to
sampling, inches)
0.65
Estimated
As reported by weatherunderground.com for North Liberty, IA at approximately 9:00 a.m. on the
day of sampling.
3
As reported by weatherunderground.com for North Liberty, IA for the cumulative 48 hours
preceding sampling.
2
223
Beach Water Results – Jul 11th.
Beach water indicator organism results for Sandy Beach, West Overlook Beach and Sugar Bottom
Beach are shown in Table 1:
Table 1: Indicator organism concentrations in beach waters of the Coralville Reservoir.
Date and Parameter
July 11th, 2005
Fecal Coliform
E. coli
Result (cfu per 100 mL)
Sugar Bottom Beach
West Overlook Beach
140
30
130
30
Sandy Beach
45
45
The analysis was performed by The University of Iowa Hygienic Laboratory using methods SM18
9222D and EPA 1603. The detection limit was 10 cfu/100 mL.
The overall sampling conditions and other notes are shown in Table 2.
Date: July 11th, 2005
Location
Transpe
# of People
rency
In
On
(cm)
Water Shore
Sandy Beach
8.7
0
0
Sugar Bottom
20.3
0
0
West Overlook
25.6
0
0
Comments:
# of Water
Fowl/Shore
Birds/Gulls
0/0/0
0/0/0
4/0/1
1
Wave
Height1
(cm)
1
0
0
Wind2
(mph)
SE
5.8
Precipitation3 (48
hours prior to
sampling, inches)
0.0
Estimated
As reported by weatherunderground.com for North Liberty, IA at approximately 9:00 a.m. on the
day of sampling.
3
As reported by weatherunderground.com for North Liberty, IA for the cumulative 48 hours
preceding sampling.
2
224
Beach Water Results – Jul 18th.
Beach water indicator organism results for Sandy Beach, West Overlook Beach and Sugar Bottom
Beach are shown in Table 1:
Table 1: Indicator organism concentrations in beach waters of the Coralville Reservoir.
Date and Parameter
July 18th, 2005
Fecal Coliform
E. coli
Result (cfu per 100 mL)
Sugar Bottom Beach
West Overlook Beach
<10
10
<10
10
Sandy Beach
10
10
The analysis was performed by The University of Iowa Hygienic Laboratory using methods SM18
9222D and EPA 1603. The detection limit was 10 cfu/100 mL.
The overall sampling conditions and other notes are shown in Table 2.
Date: July 18th, 2005
Location
Transpe
# of People
rency
In
On
(cm)
Water Shore
Sandy Beach
11.8
0
0
Sugar Bottom
21.9
0
0
West Overlook
41.3
0
0
Comments:
# of Water
Fowl/Shore
Birds/Gulls
0/0/0
0/0/0
4/0/0
1
Wave
Height1
(cm)
3
1
2
Wind2
(mph)
SSW
15.0
Precipitation3 (48
hours prior to
sampling, inches)
0.0
Estimated
As reported by weatherunderground.com for North Liberty, IA at approximately 9:00 a.m. on the
day of sampling.
3
As reported by weatherunderground.com for North Liberty, IA for the cumulative 48 hours
preceding sampling.
2
225
Beach Water Results – Jul 25th.
Beach water indicator organism results for Sandy Beach, West Overlook Beach and Sugar Bottom
Beach are shown in Table 1:
Table 1: Indicator organism concentrations in beach waters of the Coralville Reservoir.
Date and Parameter
July 25th, 2005
Fecal Coliform
E. coli
Result (cfu per 100 mL)
Sugar Bottom Beach
West Overlook Beach
<10
<10
<10
<10
Sandy Beach
10
<10
The analysis was performed by The University of Iowa Hygienic Laboratory using methods SM18
9222D and EPA 1603. The detection limit was 10 cfu/100 mL.
The overall sampling conditions and other notes are shown in Table 2.
Date: July 25th, 2005
Location
Transpe
# of People
rency
In
On
(cm)
Water Shore
Sandy Beach
15.9
0
0
Sugar Bottom
26.8
0
0
West Overlook
42.0
0
0
Comments:
# of Water
Fowl/Shore
Birds/Gulls
0/0/0
0/0/0
0/0/0
1
Wave
Height1
(cm)
0
0
0
Wind2
(mph)
SE
3.5
Precipitation3 (48
hours prior to
sampling, inches)
0.0
Estimated
As reported by weatherunderground.com for North Liberty, IA at approximately 9:00 a.m. on the
day of sampling.
3
As reported by weatherunderground.com for North Liberty, IA for the cumulative 48 hours
preceding sampling.
2
226
Beach Water Results – Aug 1st.
Beach water indicator organism results for Sandy Beach, West Overlook Beach and Sugar Bottom
Beach are shown in Table 1:
Table 1: Indicator organism concentrations in beach waters of the Coralville Reservoir.
Date and Parameter
August 1st, 2005
Fecal Coliform
E. coli
Result (cfu per 100 mL)
Sugar Bottom Beach
West Overlook Beach
20
10
20
10
Sandy Beach
20
<10
The analysis was performed by The University of Iowa Hygienic Laboratory using methods SM18
9222D and EPA 1603. The detection limit was 10 cfu/100 mL.
The overall sampling conditions and other notes are shown in Table 2.
Date: August 1st, 2005
Location
Transpe
# of People
rency
In
On
(cm)
Water Shore
Sandy Beach
21.8
0
2
Sugar Bottom
18.5
0
0
West Overlook
23.1
0
0
Comments:
# of Water
Fowl/Shore
Birds/Gulls
0/0/0
0/0/0
0/2/0
1
Wave
Height1
(cm)
5
4
2
Wind2
(mph)
S
5.8
Precipitation3 (48
hours prior to
sampling, inches)
0.0
Estimated
As reported by weatherunderground.com for North Liberty, IA at approximately 9:00 a.m. on the
day of sampling.
3
As reported by weatherunderground.com for North Liberty, IA for the cumulative 48 hours
preceding sampling.
2
227
Beach Water Results – Aug 8th.
Beach water indicator organism results for Sandy Beach, West Overlook Beach and Sugar Bottom
Beach are shown in Table 1:
Table 1: Indicator organism concentrations in beach waters of the Coralville Reservoir.
Date and Parameter
August 8th, 2005
Fecal Coliform
E. coli
Result (cfu per 100 mL)
Sugar Bottom Beach
West Overlook Beach
<10
<10
<10
<10
Sandy Beach
<10
<10
The analysis was performed by The University of Iowa Hygienic Laboratory using methods SM18
9222D and EPA 1603. The detection limit was 10 cfu/100 mL.
The overall sampling conditions and other notes are shown in Table 2.
Date: August 8th, 2005
# of Water
Location
Transpe
# of People
Fowl/Shore
rency
In
On
(cm)
Water Shore Birds/Gulls
Sandy Beach
21.6
0
3
0/0/0
Sugar Bottom
30.2
0
0
0/2/0
West Overlook
45.1
2
0
0/0/2
Comments: Brown froth on shoreline at all three beaches.
1
Wave
Height1
(cm)
0
1
0
Wind2
(mph)
Variable
3.5
Precipitation3 (48
hours prior to
sampling, inches)
0.0
Estimated
As reported by weatherunderground.com for North Liberty, IA at approximately 9:00 a.m. on the
day of sampling.
3
As reported by weatherunderground.com for North Liberty, IA for the cumulative 48 hours
preceding sampling.
2
228
Beach Water Results – Aug 15th.
Beach water indicator organism results for Sandy Beach, West Overlook Beach and Sugar Bottom
Beach are shown in Table 1:
Table 1: Indicator organism concentrations in beach waters of the Coralville Reservoir.
Date and Parameter
August 15th, 2005
Fecal Coliform
E. coli
Result (cfu per 100 mL)
Sugar Bottom Beach
West Overlook Beach
<10
40
<10
40
Sandy Beach
55
36
The analysis was performed by The University of Iowa Hygienic Laboratory using methods SM18
9222D and EPA 1603. The detection limit was 10 cfu/100 mL.
The overall sampling conditions and other notes are shown in Table 2.
Date: August 15th, 2005
# of Water
Location
Transpe
# of People
Fowl/Shore
rency
In
On
(cm)
Water Shore Birds/Gulls
Sandy Beach
9.6
2
3
0/0/0
Sugar Bottom
20.9
0
0
0/0/0
West Overlook
31.4
3
3
0/0/0
Comments: Brown froth on shoreline of Sandy Beach.
1
Wave
Height1
(cm)
2
0
1
Wind2
(mph)
NE
3.5
Precipitation3 (48
hours prior to
sampling, inches)
0.02
Estimated
As reported by weatherunderground.com for North Liberty, IA at approximately 9:00 a.m. on the
day of sampling.
3
As reported by weatherunderground.com for North Liberty, IA for the cumulative 48 hours
preceding sampling.
2
229
Beach Water Results – Aug 22nd.
Beach water indicator organism results for Sandy Beach, West Overlook Beach and Sugar Bottom
Beach are shown in Table 1:
Table 1: Indicator organism concentrations in beach waters of the Coralville Reservoir.
Date and Parameter
August 22nd, 2005
Fecal Coliform
E. coli
Result (cfu per 100 mL)
Sugar Bottom Beach
West Overlook Beach
<10
<10
<10
<10
Sandy Beach
40
40
The analysis was performed by The University of Iowa Hygienic Laboratory using methods SM18
9222D and EPA 1603. The detection limit was 10 cfu/100 mL.
The overall sampling conditions and other notes are shown in Table 2.
Date: August 22nd, 2005
Location
Transpe
# of People
rency
In
On
(cm)
Water Shore
Sandy Beach
11.0
0
0
Sugar Bottom
21.2
0
0
West Overlook
34.7
0
1
Comments:
# of Water
Fowl/Shore
Birds/Gulls
0/0/0
0/3/0
0/0/0
1
Wave
Height1
(cm)
3
3
3
Wind2
(mph)
ENE
5.8
Precipitation3 (48
hours prior to
sampling, inches)
0.12
Estimated
As reported by weatherunderground.com for North Liberty, IA at approximately 9:00 a.m. on the
day of sampling.
3
As reported by weatherunderground.com for North Liberty, IA for the cumulative 48 hours
preceding sampling.
2
230
Beach Water Results – Aug 29th.
Beach water indicator organism results for Sandy Beach, West Overlook Beach and Sugar Bottom
Beach are shown in Table 1:
Table 1: Indicator organism concentrations in beach waters of the Coralville Reservoir.
Date and Parameter
August 29th, 2005
Fecal Coliform
E. coli
Result (cfu per 100 mL)
Sugar Bottom Beach
West Overlook Beach
40
10
40
10
Sandy Beach
10
10
The analysis was performed by The University of Iowa Hygienic Laboratory using methods SM18
9222D and EPA 1603. The detection limit was 10 cfu/100 mL.
The overall sampling conditions and other notes are shown in Table 2.
Date: August 29th, 2005
Wave
# of Water
Wind2
Location
Transpe
# of People
1
Fowl/Shore Height
rency
(mph)
In
On
(cm)
(cm)
Water Shore Birds/Gulls
CALM
Sandy Beach
-0
0
0/0/0
0
Sugar Bottom
23.0
0
2
0/0/0
2
0.0
West Overlook
34.5
1
0
0/0/0
0
Comments:
Sampler failed to remember to record Sandy Beach transparency level.
1
Precipitation3 (48
hours prior to
sampling, inches)
0.01
Estimated
As reported by weatherunderground.com for North Liberty, IA at approximately 9:00 a.m. on the
day of sampling.
3
As reported by weatherunderground.com for North Liberty, IA for the cumulative 48 hours
preceding sampling.
2
231
Beach Water Results – Sep 6th.
Beach water indicator organism results for Sandy Beach, West Overlook Beach and Sugar Bottom
Beach are shown in Table 1:
Table 1: Indicator organism concentrations in beach waters of the Coralville Reservoir.
Date and Parameter
September 6th, 2005
Fecal Coliform
E. coli
Result (cfu per 100 mL)
Sugar Bottom Beach
West Overlook Beach
30
20
20
20
Sandy Beach
80
50
The analysis was performed by The University of Iowa Hygienic Laboratory using methods SM18
9222D and EPA 1603. The detection limit was 10 cfu/100 mL.
The overall sampling conditions and other notes are shown in Table 2.
Date: September 6th, 2005
Location
Transpe
# of People
rency
In
On
(cm)
Water Shore
Sandy Beach
12.0
0
0
Sugar Bottom
21.2
0
0
West Overlook
34.0
0
2
Comments:
# of Water
Fowl/Shore
Birds/Gulls
0/0/0
1/0/0
0/0/0
1
Wave
Height1
(cm)
2
3
3
Wind2
(mph)
SSE
3.5
Precipitation3 (48
hours prior to
sampling, inches)
0.60
Estimated
As reported by weatherunderground.com for North Liberty, IA at approximately 9:00 a.m. on the
day of sampling.
3
As reported by weatherunderground.com for North Liberty, IA for the cumulative 48 hours
preceding sampling.
2
232
Beach Water Results – Sep 12th.
Beach water indicator organism results for Sandy Beach, West Overlook Beach and Sugar Bottom
Beach are shown in Table 1:
Table 1: Indicator organism concentrations in beach waters of the Coralville Reservoir.
Date and Parameter
September 12th, 2005
Fecal Coliform
E. coli
Result (cfu per 100 mL)
Sugar Bottom Beach
West Overlook Beach
20
<10
20
<10
Sandy Beach
<10
<10
The analysis was performed by The University of Iowa Hygienic Laboratory using methods SM18
9222D and EPA 1603. The detection limit was 10 cfu/100 mL.
The overall sampling conditions and other notes are shown in Table 2.
Date: September 12th, 2005
Location
Transpe
# of People
rency
In
On
(cm)
Water Shore
Sandy Beach
15.9
0
0
Sugar Bottom
26.5
0
0
West Overlook
49.8
0
1
Comments:
# of Water
Fowl/Shore
Birds/Gulls
0/0/0
0/0/0
0/1/0
1
Wave
Height1
(cm)
3
3
1
Wind2
(mph)
S
4.6
Precipitation3 (48
hours prior to
sampling, inches)
0.0
Estimated
As reported by weatherunderground.com for North Liberty, IA at approximately 9:00 a.m. on the
day of sampling.
3
As reported by weatherunderground.com for North Liberty, IA for the cumulative 48 hours
preceding sampling.
2
233
Beach Water Results – Sep 20th.
Beach water indicator organism results for Sandy Beach, West Overlook Beach and Sugar Bottom
Beach are shown in Table 1:
Table 1: Indicator organism concentrations in beach waters of the Coralville Reservoir.
Date and Parameter
September 20th, 2005
Fecal Coliform
E. coli
Result (cfu per 100 mL)
Sugar Bottom Beach
West Overlook Beach
<10
<10
<10
<10
Sandy Beach
<10
<10
The analysis was performed by The University of Iowa Hygienic Laboratory using methods SM18
9222D and EPA 1603. The detection limit was 10 cfu/100 mL.
The overall sampling conditions and other notes are shown in Table 2.
Date: September 20th, 2005
Location
Transpe
# of People
rency
In
On
(cm)
Water Shore
Sandy Beach
12.7
0
0
Sugar Bottom
22.3
0
0
West Overlook
27.1
0
0
Comments:
# of Water
Fowl/Shore
Birds/Gulls
0/0/0
0/0/0
0/0/0
1
Wave
Height1
(cm)
0
0
1
Wind2
(mph)
WNW
3.5
Precipitation3 (48
hours prior to
sampling, inches)
0.07
Estimated
As reported by weatherunderground.com for North Liberty, IA at approximately 9:00 a.m. on the
day of sampling.
3
As reported by weatherunderground.com for North Liberty, IA for the cumulative 48 hours
preceding sampling.
2
234
View publication stats
Related papers
Tracing Linguistic Confluences: The Persian Legacy, Evolution, and Emergence of Urdu in the Indian Subcontinent
isara solutions, 2021
Manual de Derecho Civil
Manual de Derecho Civil, 2006
Economic Objects
A Cultural History of Objects in Antiquity, ed. Robin Osborne, 2021
Optimal Sizing and Siting of PV and Battery Based Space Microgrids Near the Moon’s Shackleton Crater
IEEE Access
O. Stanciu, Ébranlement de la finitude ? La lecture heideggérienne de Fichte et son point aveugle
Fichte et l’ontologie, M. Marcuzzi (éd.), Aix-en- Provence: Presses Universitaires de Provence, p. 175-188, 2018
Oriented attachment of a stalked cirripede on an orthoconic heteromorph ammonite – implications for the swimming position of the latter
Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie - Abhandlungen, 2011
Compliance with Infection Control Programs in Private Dental Clinics in Jordan
Journal of Dental Education, 2005
Rationally Designed Multitarget Agents Against Inflammation and Pain
Current Medicinal Chemistry, 2013
Aksjologiczne podstawy i systemowo-ekonomiczne reguły racjonalnej gospodarki i polityki leśnej
Lasy i gospodarka leśna jako instrumenty ekonomicznego i społecznego rozwoju kraju. Materiały piątego panelu ekspertów w ramach prac nad Narodowym Programem Leśnym Rozwój, Sękocin Stary, 17 września 2014 roku, red. Adam Kaliszewski, Kazimierz Rykowski, Sękocin Stary 2015, s. 19-35, 2015
Sistem Pendeteksi Pola Citra Tajwid Alquran Mad Lazim Mutsaqal Kilmi Menggunakan Metode Algoritma BAM FAM
TECHSI - Jurnal Teknik Informatika, 2018
Factors Associated with Overweight and Obesity among Children of Mexican Descent: Results of a Binational Study
Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health, 2011
Pathogen flows from on-site sanitation systems in low-income urban neighborhoods, Dhaka: A quantitative environmental assessment
International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health, 2020
In situ synthesis, morphology, and thermal properties of polystyrene-MgAl layered double hydroxide nanocomposites
Polymer Engineering & Science, 2012
Bridging Structure and Agency: Exploring the Role of Teacher Leadership in Teacher Collaboration
Journal of School Leadership, 2015