Proto-urban Site of Sarazm
Proto-urban Site of Sarazm
Sarazm, which means “where the land begins”, is an archaeological site bearing testimony to the development of human settlements in Central Asia, from the 4th millennium BCE to the end of the 3rd millennium BCE. The ruins demonstrate the early development of proto-urbanization in this region. This centre of settlement, one of the oldest in Central Asia, is situated between a mountainous region suitable for cattle rearing by nomadic pastoralists, and a large valley conducive to the development of agriculture and irrigation by the first settled populations in the region. Sarazm also demonstrates the existence of commercial and cultural exchanges and trade relations with peoples over an extensive geographical area, extending from the steppes of Central Asia and Turkmenistan, to the Iranian plateau, the Indus valley and as far as the Indian Ocean.
Description is available under license CC-BY-SA IGO 3.0
Sarazm
Sarazm, qui signifie « le commencement de la terre », est un site archéologique qui témoigne de peuplements humains sédentaires en Asie centrale, du IVe millénaire avant J.-C. à la fin du 3e millénaire avant J.-C. Les vestiges montrent l'essor d'un proto-urbanisme précoce dans cette région. Ce centre de peuplement, parmi les plus anciens d'Asie centrale, est situé entre une zone montagneuse propice à l'élevage du bétail par des bergers nomades et une grande vallée favorable au développement de l'agriculture et de l'irrigation par les premières populations sédentarisées de la région. Sarazm démontre aussi l'existence d'échanges matériels et culturels et des liaisons marchandes entre les steppes de l'Asie centrale, le Turkménistan, le plateau iranien, la vallée de l'Indus et jusqu'à l'océan Indien.
Description is available under license CC-BY-SA IGO 3.0
سَرازم
إن سَرازم، التي تعني "بداية الأرض"، هي موقع أثري يشهد على وجود إعمار بشري استقر في آسيا الوسطى من الألف الرابع وحتى نهاية الألف الثالث قبل الميلاد. وتبين الآثار هناك تطور طراز حضري بدائي سابق لأوانه في هذه المنطقة. ويقع المركز العمراني البشري هذا، الذي يُعتبر من أقدم المراكز العمرانية في آسيا الوسطى، بين منطقة جبلية ملائمة لتربية الماشية، من قِبَل الرعاة الرُّحَّل، ووادٍ فسيح مناسب لتطوير الزراعة والريّ من جانب المجموعات السكانية التي توطنت في هذه المنطقة. وإضافة إلى ذلك، تشهد سَرازم على وجود مبادلات مادية وثقافية وصلات تجارية بين سهوب آسيا الوسطى، وتركمانستان، والهضبة الإيرانية ووادي الهندوس وحتى المحيط الهندي.
source: UNESCO/CPE
Description is available under license CC-BY-SA IGO 3.0
萨拉子目古城的原型城市遗址
萨拉子目，意指“大地开始的地方”，是一处考古遗址，它的出现证明早在公元前4000至公元前3000年，中亚地区就已经出现了定居人口。各种遗迹表明，这一地区很早以前就出现的初始城市化曾得到过迅速发展。作为古中亚地区的定居中心之一，它的地理位置为其发展提供了便利条件，一面是适于游牧民族发展畜牧业的平缓山区，另一面是广袤的山谷，为这一地区最初的定居者提供了发展农业特别是发展灌溉的优势。萨拉子目古城还是中亚草原与土库曼斯坦、伊朗高原、印度河谷直至印度洋这些地区之间商贸往来与文化交流的见证。
source: UNESCO/CPE
Description is available under license CC-BY-SA IGO 3.0
Саразм
Саразм, что означает "начало земли", - это древнейшее поселение оседлых народов Центральной Азии, живших с четвертого тысячелетия до конца третьего тысячелетия до нашей эры. Здесь ведутся археологические раскопки. Древние развалины свидетельствуют о развитии зачатков урбанизации в этом регионе. Это поселение, одно из старейших в Центральной Азии, расположено между горной местностью, благоприятствующей разведению скота кочевниками, и обширной долиной, где первые оседлые жители занимались сельским хозяйством с использованием ирригации. Саразм также сохранил свидетельства существования торговых и культурных обменов и связей между жителями обширной территории, простирающейся от степей Центральной Азии, Туркменистана, Иранского нагорья и долины Инда, вплоть до Индийского океана.
source: UNESCO/CPE
Description is available under license CC-BY-SA IGO 3.0
Sarazm
Sarazm significa “el comienzo de la tierra” y es un sitio arqueológico que atestigua la presencia de asentamientos humanos sedentarios en el Asia Central, desde el cuarto milenio hasta finales del tercer milenio antes de la era cristiana. Sus vestigios muestran la existencia de un protourbanismo temprano en la región. Este núcleo de asentamientos, que es uno de los más antiguos de todo el Asia Central, está situado entre una zona montañosa apta para la cría de ganado por parte de pastores nómadas y un gran valle propicio para el desarrollo de la agricultura y el regadío por parte de las primeras poblaciones sedentarias de la región. El sitio de Sarazm es también un exponente de la existencia de intercambios materiales y culturales, así como de nexos mercantiles, entre las estepas del Asia Central, el Turkmenistán, la meseta del Irán, el Valle del Indo y el litoral del Océano Índico.
source: UNESCO/CPE
Description is available under license CC-BY-SA IGO 3.0
サラズムの遺跡
サラズムとは「地の始まるところ」を意味しており、紀元前4000年から3000年末、中央アジアにおいて人間が定住生活を発展させたことを示す考古遺跡である。遺跡からは、この地域における都市形成の初期的発展を見ることができる。この居住地は、中央アジアで最も古い定住地のひとつであり、遊牧民の家畜放牧に適した山岳地帯と、農耕や灌漑に適した広大な流域にはさまれている。この遺産からは、住んでいた人々が、中央アジアとトルクメニスタンの大草原からイラン高原、インダス流域、遠くはインド洋に及ぶ人びとと商業や文化の交流、交易が行われていたこともうかがえる。source: NFUAJ
Proto-stedelijke plaats Sarazm
Sarazm betekent letterlijk ‘waar het land begint’. Het is een archeologische plaats die getuigt van de ontwikkeling van menselijke nederzettingen in Centraal-Azië van het 4e tot het einde van het 3e millennium voor Christus. Sarazm ligt in een bergachtig gebied dat geschikt is voor veeteelt door nomadische herders. De grote vallei was een gunstige plaats voor de ontwikkeling van landbouw en irrigatie door de eerste gevestigde volkeren in de regio. De ruïnes laten de vroege ontwikkeling van proto-urbanisatie in deze regio zien en tonen aan dat er in Sarazm commerciële en culturele uitwisselingen en handelsbetrekkingen plaatsvonden.
Source: unesco.nl
Outstanding Universal Value
Brief synthesis
The proto-urban site of Sarazm is an archaeological site which bears witness to the development of settlements in Central Asia from the 4th millennium BCE to the late 3rd millennium BCE. The Proto-urban Site of Sarazm illustrates the early rise of proto-urbanization in this region, reflected in the sophistication of the dwellings, infrastructures, and archaeological findings. It came into being as the result of the complementarity initially between pastoralism and early agrarianism, and subsequently between the exploitation of mineral resources in the Bronze Age and the development of handicrafts. Sarazm demonstrates the existence of inter-regional trade and cultural interchanges over long distances across Central Asia. This was a long-lasting and prosperous proto-urban metropolis, at the north-eastern extremity of a vast area stretching from Mesopotamia to the Indus and the Iranian plateau.
Criterion (ii): The Proto-urban Site of Sarazm bears testimony, from the 4th millennium BCE, to trade and cultural interchanges between the pastoral nomads of the mountains of Central Asia and the agrarian peoples of Transoxiane. Later, particularly in the Bronze Age, the Proto-urban Site of Sarazm complemented and extended its activities with metallurgy and handicrafts, demonstrating the existence of a network of a diversity of interchanges on a very large scale. The Proto-urban Site of Sarazm had connections with the steppes of Central Asia, and in addition with the Turkmenian, proto-Elamite, Mesopotamian, and Indus worlds.
Criterion (iii): The Proto-urban Site of Sarazm constitutes a remarkable human settlement, exceptional in its geographical situation, in Central Asia, in the 4th and 3rd millennia BCE, to which its proto-urban and architectural remains and its archaeological findings bear witness. The town played a regional role over a long period and on a very large scale in the working of metals, particularly tin and copper, and the associated development of handicrafts to produce tools, ceramics, and jewellery. The Proto-urban Site of Sarazm is one of the places that gave birth to and saw the development of the major trans-Eurasian trade routes.
Integrity and authenticity
The integrity of the property is acceptable and under control, as a result of the current conservation works and programmes, but it is still ill-defined because of uncertainty about the precise boundaries of the proto-urban site.
All the original elements are in their initial location, where they were left when the site was abandoned, and the only deterioration of these elements is the result of natural processes.
Protection and management requirements
The Proto-urban Site of Sarazm has the legal status of a “Historical and Archaeological Reserve,” as defined by the resolutions of the Government of the Republic of Tajikistan No 391 of 21 September 2000 and No 198 of 19 April 2001. It is managed by the Penjikent Archaeological Base under the supervision of the Institute of History, Archaeology and Ethnography of the Academy of Sciences. The protection of the property is satisfactory. The system for the management of the property is in place. It has begun to be expanded and to operate satisfactorily. A certain degree of fragility remains, however, as the presence of the management system on the site of the property itself is inadequate. The management authority must make sure that it produces a report on the initiatives carried out and strengthens the human resources of the Sarazm Archaeological Reserve, in terms of both the number of staff and the level of training. International cooperation for scientific research and for the conservation of the property remains crucial, and must proactively participate in the training of local personnel.
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