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Mammals:

At least 15 species of mammals are found in the park, including the Formosan reeve's muntjac (Muntiacus reevesi micrurus), Formosan hare (Lepus sinensis formosus), Formosan rock-monkey (Macaca cyclopis), and Formosan gem-faced civet (Paguma larvata taivana). In the past, wild animals were killed for their medicinal properties. But now, the National Parks Law clearly prohibits hunting, and endangered species are thus able to survive.

Birds:

The park is a paradise for birds. Every year during fall and winter, large numbers of migratory birds fly in from the north to feed and rest. Records indicate that a wealth of 310 species have been sighted in the park, out of which 75% are migratory, including typical transit birds such as the brown shrike (Lanius cristatus), Chinese sparrow hawk (Accipiter solensis), and gray-faced buzzard hawk (Butastur indicus); waterfowl such as geese, ducks, and sandpipers which are abundant in lakes, swamps, and ponds; and montane birds that descend from high altitudes during winter.

Research indicates that birds deserve our protection as they play an important role in the balance of the ecosystem by controlling pest population. A single brown shrike is capable of controlling insect pests for an area of 0.05 hectares, while one gray-faced buzzard hawk can consume 500 rodents in its lifetime.

Reptiles:

Bordering the subtropical zone, the park is home to a variety of reptiles. There are approximately 26 species of snakes, including the hundred pacer snake (Deinagkistrodon acutus), green bamboo viper (Trimeresurus stejnegeri), turtle-designed snake (Trimeresurus mucrosquamatus), Taiwan banded krait (Bungarus multicinctus), Chinese cobra (Naja naja atra), Taiwan coral snake (Calliophis macclellandi formosensis), and Taiwan rat snake (Zaocys dhumnades). The first five said species are poisonous. The turtle-designed snake dwells in limestone caves, while the most abundant green bamboo viper is commonly seen in forests and among bushes. In addition to snakes, there are also approximately 13 species of lizards and 5 species of turtles.

Amphibians:

16 species of frogs, or nearly half the frog species in Taiwan, can be found in the park. With the exception of the ornate narrow-mouthed frog (Microhyla ornata) that lives in grasslands, and the Chinese bullfrog (Rana rugulosa) and olive frog (Rana adenopleura) that live in fields, all the other species can be found in the forest. The widely-distributed Indian rice frog (Rana limnocharis) can be seen in forests, grasslands, and fields; the Indian rice frog, Asian toad (Bufo bankorensis), and green pond frog (Rana plancyi) can also be found in fields; while the ornate narrow-mouthed frog and Indian rice frog are the only species that live in grasslands.

Butterflies:

Due to the warm climate, flowers bloom all year round, attracting a variety of butterflies to the park to feed and reproduce. Abundant host plants support a variety of butterfly larvae, including Byasa polyeuctes, Papilio polytes, Hebomoia glaucippe, Parantica sita, Idea ieuconoe, and the rare and magnificent heng-chun bird wing butterfly (Troides aeacus kaguya) endemic to this area.

Other terrestrial species:

Although no raging rivers run through the park, there are many babbling brooks in which numerous aquatic insects and 51 indigenous fish species dwell, including Hapaologenys nitens, Sicyopterus japonicus, Zacco pachycephalus, and species of the genus Ambassidae. In addition, tilapias, carp, silver carps, grass carps, eels, and mosquito fish are commonly found in swamps and ponds.
As for mollusks, freshwater clams are abundant in Longluantan. The giant African snail (Achatina fulica) is often seen near fields, and others snail species such as Pancala batanica pancala, Leptopoma nitidum taivanum, Bradybaena similaris are found on wild plants in the forests.

Studies show that in addition to butterflies, moths, and beetles, there are at least 500 species of insects in 68 families. Famous species include the big-headed stick insect (Megacrania alpheus), Formosan giant cicada (Cryptotympana holsti), locust (Chondracris rosea), and a variety of dung beetles, rhinoceros beetles, and stag beetles. All kinds of nocturnal moths aggregate under the lamplight after dark, typified by species of the families Saturniidae and Sphingidae, while the most noted diurnal moths belong to the subfamily Syntominae.
Other arthropods include land crabs, which reside in damp regions; the human-faced spider (Nephila pilipes), which is the most common species of spider; and millipedes and centipedes, commonly found in the ground layer of deciduous forests, especially in shady, humid areas. Millipedes belong to the class Diplopoda, and can be seen on the ground and trees after the rain; the poisonous centipedes belong to the class Chilopoda, and often appear on trees and rocks.