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Czech Republic
 
[Flag of Czechoslovakia]
              Adopted 1 Jan 1993
 
Map of Czech Republic
Hear National Anthem
"Kde domov muj?"
(Where is My Home?)
Text of National Anthem
   Adopted 1 Jan 1993
Constitution
  (1 Jan 1993)
Capital: Prague
Currency: Czech Koruna (CZK)
National Holiday: 28 Oct (1918)
Czech Founding Day
 Population: 10,220,911 (2008)
GDP: $266.3 billion (2008)
Exports: $145.8 billion (2008)
Imports: $141.4 billion (2008)
Ethnic groups: Czech 90.1%, Moravian 3.7%, Slovak 1.9%,
Polish 0.5%, German 0.4%, Silesian 0.1%,
Roma (Gypsy) 0.1%, other 2.9% (2001) 
Total Active Armed Forces: 22,272 (2006)
Merchant marine: 1 ship (2008)
Religions: Catholic 43.8% (of which Roman Catholic 40.4%
Hussite Church of the Czech Republic 2.2%),
non-religious 31.9%, atheist 5%, Protestant 3.1%,
Orthodox 0.6%, Jewish 0.1%, other (mostly
unaffiliated Christian) 15.5% (2000)
International Organizations/Treaties: AG, ANT, APM, BIS, BSEC (observer), BTWC, CE, CFE, CEI, CERN, CTBT, DC (observer), EAPC, EBRD, EIB, ENMOD, ESA, EU, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICRM, ICSID, IDA, IEA, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, Intersputnik, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISA, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC, KP, MIGA, MTCR, NAM (guest), NATO, NEA, NPT, NSG, NTBT, OAS (observer), OECD, OIF (observer), OPCW, OSCE, PCA, UN, UNCLOS, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNFCC, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WEU (associate), WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC
Czech Republic
Index
Chronology
15 Sep 1915                Czech External Committee was established in Paris
                             On Nov 14 it became the Czech National Council,
                             it was afterwards recognized as supreme Czech
                             authority by all Czech organizations in exile 
                             and by the Allies.
28 Oct 1918                Czechoslovak State
14 Nov 1918                Czechoslovak Republic
 8 May 1919                Ruthenia joins the Czechoslovak Republic.
 1 Oct 1938 -  8 May 1945  Sudentenland annexed by Germany.
 2 Oct 1938                Tesin (Teschen) ceded to Poland.
23 Nov 1938                Semi-officially styled Czecho-Slovak Republic
                             (Slovakia and Carpatho-Ukraine autonomous).
15 Mar 1939 -  8 May 1945  Occupied by Germany.
16 Mar 1939                Separation into Protectorate of Bohemia and
                             Moravia (see below) under German rule 
                             (Reichsprotektorat Böhmen und Mähren)
                             and Slovakia.
 3 Apr 1945                Czechoslovak Republic reconstituted.
29 Jun 1945                Ruthenia ceded to U.S.S.R
11 Jul 1960                Czechoslovak Socialist Republic
29 Mar 1990                Czechoslovak Federal Republic (in Slovak language
                             Czecho-Slovak Federal Republic).
20 Apr 1990                Czech and Slovak Federal Republic
 1 Jan 1993                Separation into Czech Republic (Czechia)
                             and Slovakia.
Czech Republic
(since 1993)
Regions
(since 2000)
Bohemia
 (722-1918)
---------------
Moravia
 (830-1918)
---------------
Silesia
 (1526-1918)
Teschen
 (1918-1920)
 Czechoslovakia
 (1918-1992)
Bohemia-Moravia
 (1939-1945)
Czechoslovak
Government in Exile
 (1939-1945)
Sudetenland
 (1918, 1938-1945)
  • Bohmerwaldgau
  • Deutschböhmen
  • Sudetenland
  • Südmähren
    		•
    Orthodox Church
    of Czech Lands
     and Slovakia
    Historical Maps of
     Czech Republic
     

    Lands of the Bohemian Crown

    Note: These three "lands" are roughly the territory of the modern Czech Republic and were called the "Lands of the Crown of St. Wenceslas," over which the emperor of Austria (1527 to 1867 a purely dynastic, rather than territorial, title) ruled in his capacity as king of Bohemia and, margrave of Moravia, and duke of Upper and Lower Silesia. 

    Bohemia

    [Flag of Czechoslovakia 1918-1920]
                        to 30 Oct 1918
     
       
    Map of Bohemia
    Capital: Prague
    Population: 6,769,548 (1910) 
    c.670                      Existence of various Slavonian tribal entities, one of them 
                                 being the Czechs.
    7th cent.                  Slavonic settlement, under Avar domination.
    c.722                      Legendary beginning of rule by the Premyslid dynasty.
    Jul 895                    Duchy of Bohemia (some rulers carry title of king, but only
                                 as a personal distinction, title is not hereditary).
    28 Sep 995                 Unification of present day territory under Czech control.
    Mar 1003 -  5 Sep 1004     Occupied by, or annexed to, Poland.
    15 Aug 1198                Kingdom of Bohemia (elective kingship, confirmed under 
                                 Premyslid dynasty rule.
    26 Sep 1212                Golden Bull of Sicily confirms the paramount status of Bohemia
                                 in the Holy Roman Empire and confirms the right of the
                                 Premyslid dynasty to the kingship.
    Nov 1251 - 21 Nov 1276     Bohemia rule over duchies of Austria (from 21 Nov 1251), 
                                 Styria (to 1254, then from 25 Dec 1259), and Carnthia 
                                 (from 27 Oct 1269).
    10 Jan 1356                Golden Bull formalizes sovereignty of Bohemia and its status
                                 as an electoral member of the Holy Roman Empire.
    15 Jul 1490 - 29 Aug 1526  In personal union with Hungary.
    24 Oct 1526                Bohemia in personal union with Austria (Königreich Böhmen).
     4 Nov 1619 -  8 Nov 1620  Friedrich V Elector of Palatinate "the Winter King",
                                 Bohemian king in opposition to Habsburgs.
    24 Oct 1648                Peace of Westphalia confirms Habsburg possession of Bohemia
                                 elective kingship abolished making Bohemia a
                                 hereditary possession of the archdukes of Austria.
    11 Aug 1804                Kingdom under the Emperor of Austria.
     8 Dec 1849                Bohemia a separate Austrian crownland (Königreich Böhmen).
    Jul 1866 - 1866            Prussian occupation.
    21 Dec 1867                Part of the "Austrian" half of the Austro-Hungarian 
                                 Monarchy (i.e. of the "kingdoms and Lands Represented in
                                 the Imperial Diet").
    28 Oct 1918                Part of the Czechoslovak State.

    Pinces¹
    722 - 745                  Premysl "Orác"
    745 - 783                  Nezamysl
    783 - 804                  Mnáta
    804 - 831                  Vojen
    831 - 833                  Unislav
    833 - 851                  Kresomysl
    851 - ...                  Neklan
    ... - 856                  Hostivít
    856 - 894                  Borivoj I                          (b. c.852 - d. c.894)
    870                        Spytimír (Silfrid) (in dissidence)
    894 - 905/915              Spytihnev I                        (b. 875 - d. 915?)
    905/915 - 13 Feb 921       Vratislav I
    13 Feb 921-28 Sep 929/935  Václav I "Svatý"
    28Sep929/935-15Jul967/972  Boleslav I "Ukrutný"
    15 Jul 967/972 - 7 Feb 999 Boleslav II "Dobrý", "Pobozný"
     7 Feb 999 - 1002          Boleslav III "Cervený", 
                                 "Rysavý" (1st time)
    1002 - Jan 1003            Vladivoj
    Jan 1003 - Feb 1003        Jaromír (1st time)                 (b. 96. - d. 1035) 
    Feb 1003 - Feb 1003        Boleslav III "Cervený",
                                 "Rysavý" (2nd time)
    Feb 1003 -  5 Sep 1004     Polish rule
     5 Sep 1004 - 12 Apr 1012  Jaromír (2nd time)                 (s.a.)
    12 Apr 1012 - 1033         Oldrich (1st time)                 (b. 97. - d. 1034/37)
    1033 - 1034                Jaromír (3rd time)                 (s.a.)
    1034 -  9 Nov 1035/1037    Oldrich (2nd time)                 (s.a.)
    9 Nov1035/1037-10Jan 1055  Bretislav I                        (b. c.1002 - d. 1055)
    10 Jan 1055 - 28 Jan 1061  Spytihnev II
    28 Jan 1061 - 1085         Vratislav II 
    King²
    1085 - 14 Jan 1092         Vratislav II 
                                (coronation 15 Jun 1086)
    Princes¹
    20 Jan 1092 -  6 Sep 1092  Konrád I Ota
     6 Sep 1092 - 22 Dec 1100  Bretislav II
    22 Dec 1100 - 14 May 1107  Borivoj II (1st time)
    14 May 1107 - 21 Sep 1109  Svatopluk
     2 Oct 1109 - Dec 1117     Vladislav I (1st time)
    Dec 1117 - 16 Aug 1120     Borivoj II (2nd time)
    16 Aug 1120 - 12 Apr 1125  Vladislav I (2nd time)
    16 Apr 1125 - 14 Feb 1140  Sobeslav I Oldrich
    17 Feb 1140 - 18 Jan 1158  Vladislav II
    King²
    18 Jan 1158 - 1172         Vladislav II 
                                (coronation 8 Sep 1158)
    Princes¹
    1172 - 1173                Bedrich (1st time)                 (b. c.1142 - d. 1189)
    1173 - 1178                Sobeslav II                        (b. 1128 - d. 1180)
    1178 - 25 Mar 1189         Bedrich (2nd time)                 (s.a.)
    Apr 1189 -  9 Sep 1191     Konrád II Ota                      (b. 113. - d. 1191)
    Oct 1191 - Dec 1191        Václav II
    Jan 1192 -  6 Dec 1193     Premysl I Otakar (1st time)
    Aug 1193 - 19 Jun 1197     Jindrich Bretislav III
                                 (in dissidence to 6 Dec 1193)
    22 Jun 1197 -  6 Dec 1197  Vladislav III Jindrich
     6 Dec 1197 -  8 Sep 1198  Premysl I Otakar (2nd time)
    Kings² (1527-1619, 1620-1918 also rulers of Austria)
     8 Sep 1198 - 15 Dec 1230  Premysl I Otakar 
                                (coronation 8 Sep 1198)
     6 Feb 1228 - 22 Sep 1253  Václav I "Jednooký" 
                                (coronation  6 Feb 1228)
    22 Sep 1253 - 26 Aug 1278  Premysl II Otakar "Vítezný"
                                (coronation 25 Dec 1261)
    26 Aug 1278 - 21 Jun 1305  Václav II "Dobrý" 
                                (coronation 2 Jun 1297)
    21 Jun 1305 -  4 Aug 1306  Václav III
    22 Aug 1306 - Sep 1306     Jindrich "Korutanský" (1st time)   (b. c.1270 - d. 1335)
    16 Oct 1306 -  3 Jul 1307  Rudolf I
    15 Aug 1307 -  9 Dec 1310  Jindrich "Korutanský" (2nd time)   (s.a.)
    31 Aug 1310 - 26 Aug 1346  Jan "Slepý"                        (b. 1296 - d. 1346)
                                (coronation 7 Feb 1311; 
                                in dissidence to 9 Dec 1310)
    26 Aug 1346 - 29 Nov 1378  Karel I 
                                (coronation 2 Sep 1347)
    15 Jun 1363 - 16 Aug 1419  Václav IV 
                                (coronation 15 Jun 1363)
    16 Aug 1419 -  7 Jun 1421  Zikmund (1st time)                 (b. 1368 - d. 1437)
                                (coronation 28 Jul 1420)
     7 Jun 1421 - 28 Sep 1421  Keepers of the Land (regents)
                               (also styled Keepers of the Crown and the Bohemian Kingdom)
                               - Jan z Knezevsi (to 2 Jul 1421)
                               - Lidérz Radkovic (to 2 Jul 1421)
                               - Pavlík z domu rychtárova
                                 (to 2 Jul 1421)
                               - Jan Charvát
                                 (to 2 Jul 1421)
                               - Oldrich Vavák z Hradce           (b. 139. - d. 1421)
                                 (to 22 Sep 1421)
                               - Oldrich z Rozmberka (1st time)   (b. 1403 - d. 1462)
                                 (to 28 Sep 1421)
                               - Cenek z Vartemberka (1st time)   (b. 138. - d. 1425)
                                 (to 28 Sep 1421)
                               - Hynek Krusina z Lichtenburka     (d. 1454)
                                 (1st time)(to 28 Sep 1421)
                               - Jindrich Berka z Dubé na Housce  (d. 1437)
                                 (to 28 Sep 1421)
                               - Jan Zizka z Trocnova a Kalicha   (b. c.1370 - d. 1424)
                                 (to 28 Sep 1421)
                               - Zbynek Buchovec z Buchova
                                 (to 28 Sep 1421)
                               - Jan Sádlo ze Smilkova na
                                   Kostelci nad Sázavou
                                 (to 28 Sep 1421)
                               - Mikulás z Barchova
                                 (to 28 Sep 1421)
                               - Milota z Chrenovic (to 28 Sep 1421)
                                 (in other sources Milota z Bohdance)
                               - Ones z Mekovic (to 28 Sep 1421)
                                 (in other sources Ones z Mikovic)
                               - Jindrich z Boharyne
                                 (to 28 Sep 1421)
                               - Franc Lev z Rozmitálu
                                 (to 28 Sep 1421)
                               - Vanek (in other sources Vacha)
                                 (to 28 Sep 1421)
                               - Matej Prazák (to 28 Sep 1421)
                               - Petr Hostic (to 28 Sep 1421)
                                (in other sources Matej z Hostic)
     7 Jun 1422 - 25 Mar 1423  Zikmund Korybut -Regent (1st time) (b. 136. - d. 1440)
                                (Keeper of the Bohemian Kingdom)
                                (nominally for king-designate Vitold 
                                 Alexander, elected 4 Sep 1421)
                                (recognized by city of Prague 18 May 1422)
     1 Nov 1423 - 1424         Keepers of the Land (regents)
                               (also styled Keepers of Bohemian Kingdom)
                               - Jan z Mihalovic
                               - Cenek z Vartemberka (2nd time)   (s.a.)
                               - Oldrich z Rozmberka (2nd time)   (s.a.)
                                (in other sources Hynek z Rozmberka, 
                                  or Jindrich z Rozmberka)
                               - Fridrich Libstejnský z Kolovrat
                               - Oldrich Hlavác z Lipého          (d. 1432)
                               - Ales Holický ze Sternberka       (b. c.1380 - d. 1455)
                                   na Týrove
                               - Hasek Ostrovský z Valdstejna     (d. af.1427)
                               - Hynek Koldstejnský z Valdstejna  (d. 1427)
                               - Hynek Krusina z Lichtenburka     (s.a.)
                                 (2nd time)
                               - Herman z Landstejna na Borotíne  (d. 1425)
                               - Divis Borek z Miletínka          (d. 1437)
                               - Jan Smirický ze Smiric           (d. 1453)
    19 Jul 1424 - 17 Apr 1427  Zikmund Korybut -Regent (2nd time) (s.a.)
                                (Keeper of the Bohemian Kingdom)
                                (officially recognized only by City of Prague)
    27 Feb 1432 -  1 Dec 1433  Keepers of the Land (regents)
                               (also styled Keepers of the Bohemian Kingdom)
                               - Twelve persons [names unknown]
     1 Dec 1433 - 1434         Ales Vrestovský z Rýzmburka -Regent
                                (Keeper of the Land)
    16 Aug 1436 -  9 Dec 1437  Zikmund (2nd time)                 (s.a.)
     9 Dec 1437 - 27 Dec 1437  Menhart z Hradce -Regent (1st time)(b. 1398 - d. 1449)
                                (Supreme Burgrave of Prague)
    27 Dec 1437 - 27 Oct 1439  Albrecht                           (b. 1397 - d. 1439)
                                (coronation 29 Jun 1438)
    27 Oct 1439 -  3 Sep 1448  Menhart z Hradce -Regent (2nd time)(s.a.)
                                (Supreme Burgrave of Prague)
     3 Sep 1448 - 28 Oct 1448  Jiríz Podebrad a z Kunstátu -Regent
                                (1st time)(self-styled Keeper)
                                (conducts the government without official authority)
    28 Oct 1448 - 27 Apr 1452  Zdenek Konopistský ze              (d. 1470) 
                                 Sternberka -Regent
                                (Supreme Burgrave of Prague)
    27 Apr 1452 - 19 Oct 1453  Jiríz Podebrad a z Kunstátu -Regent
                                (2nd time)(Keeper of the Land)
    19 Oct 1453 - 23 Nov 1457  Ladislav "Pohrobek"                (b. 1440 - d. 1457)
                                (coronation 28 Oct 1453)
    23 Nov 1457 -  2 Mar 1458  Jiríz Podebrad a z Kunstátu -Regent
                                (3rd time)(Keeper of the Land)
     2 Mar 1458 - 22 Mar 1471  Jiríz
                                (coronation 7 May 1458)
     3 May 1469 - 25 Jul 1479  Matyás (I) "Korvín" (in dissidence)(b. 1440 - d. 1490) 
                                (conserved the style king for life)
    22 Mar 1471 - 27 May 1471  Jan Jenec z Janovic a z
                                 Petrspurka -Regent
                                (in dissidence)
                                (Supreme Burgrave of Prague)
    27 May 1471 - 13 Mar 1516  Vladislav IV "král Dobre"          (b. 1456 - d. 1516)
                                (coronation 22 Aug 1471) 
                                (in dissidence from 3 Mar 1509)
     3 Mar 1509 - 29 Aug 1526  Ludvík                             (b. 1506 - d. 1526)
                                (coronation 11 Mar 1509)
    29 Aug 1526 - 24 Oct 1526  Zdenek Lev z Rozmitálu -Regent
                                (Supreme Burgrave of Prague)
    24 Oct 1526 - 25 Jul 1564  Ferdinand I                        (b. 1503 - d. 1564) 
                                (coronation 24 Feb 1527)
    19 Feb 1549 - 12 Oct 1576  Maximilián                         (b. 1527 - d. 1576) 
                                (coronation 20 Feb 1549)
     6 Sep 1575 - 23 May 1611  Rudolf II                          (b. 1552 - d. 1612)
                                (coronation 22 Sep 1575)
    23 May 1611 - 23 May 1611  Adam ze Sternberka -Regent
                                (Supreme Burgrave of Prague)
    23 May 1611 - 20 Mar 1619  Matyás (II)                        (b. 1557 - d. 1619)
                                (coronation 23 May 1611)
     6 Jun 1617 - 19 Aug 1619  Ferdinand II (1st time)            (b. 1578 - d. 1637)
                                (coronation 29 Jun 1617)
    19 Aug 1619 - 28 Sep 1619  Václav Vilém Roupovský z Roupova
                                (Chairman of the Council of Directors)
    28 Sep 1618 -  8 Nov 1620  Fridrich "Falcký", "zimní král"    (b. 1596 - d. 1632)
                                ("Friedrich the Winter King") 
                                (coronation 4 Nov 1619)
    13 Nov 1620 - 15 Feb 1637  Ferdinand II (2nd time)            (s.a.)
    21 Nov 1627 -  2 Apr 1657  Ferdinand III                      (b. 1608 - d. 1657)
                                (coronation 25/26 Nov 1627)
    23 Jun 1646 -  9 Jul 1654  Ferdinand IV
                                (coronation 5 Aug 1646)
    14 Sep 1656 -  5 May 1705  Leopold I                          (b. 1640 - d. 1705)
                                (coronation 14 Sep 1656)
     5 May 1705 - 17 Apr 1711  Joseph I                           (b. 1678 - d. 1711)
    17 Apr 1711 - 20 Oct 1740  Karel II                           (b. 1685 - d. 1740)
                                (coronation 5 Sep 1723)
    20 Oct 1740 - 29 Nov 1780  Marie Terezie -Queen               (b. 1717 - d. 1780)
                                (coronation 12 May 1743) 
     7 Dec 1741 - 20 Jan 1745  Karel III Albrecht (in dissidence) (b. 1697 - d. 1745)
                                (Karl Albrecht, duke of Bavaria)
    29 Nov 1780 - 20 Feb 1790  Joseph II                          (b. 1741 - d. 1790)
    20 Feb 1790 -  1 Mar 1792  Leopold II                         (b. 1747 - d. 1792)
     1 Mar 1792 -  2 Mar 1835  Frantisek I                        (b. 1768 - d. 1835) 
     2 Mar 1835 -  2 Dec 1848  Ferdinand V                        (b. 1793 - d. 1875) 
     2 Dec 1848 - 21 Nov 1916  Frantisek Joseph I                 (b. 1830 - d. 1916) 
    21 Nov 1916 - 11 Nov 1918  Karel III                          (b. 1887 - d. 1922)
    Oberstburggrafen
    1436 - 1448                Meinhard von Neuhaus               (b. 1391 - d. 1449)
    1448 - 1467                    Zdenek Konopistský ze              (s.a.) 
                                 Sternberka        
    1467 - 1468                Zdenek Kostka von Postupitz        (d. 1468)
    1469 - 1502                Jan Jenec von Janowitz             (d. 1503)
    1502 - Jan 1507            Heinrich IV von Neuhaus
    1507 - 1523                Zdenek Lew von Rozmital (1st time) (b. 1470 - d. 1535)
    1523 - 1525                Johann von Wartenberg              (b. 1496 - d. 1583)
    1525 - 1530                Zdenek Lew von Rozmital (2nd time) (s.a.)
    1530 - 1542                Johann von Wartenberg (2nd time)
    1542 - 1554                Wolf der ältere Krajir von Krajek
    1554 - 1570                Johann der jüngere Popiel von
                                 Lobkowicz
    1570 - 1592                Wilhelm von Rosenberg              (b. 1535 - d. 1592)
    1592 - 1596                Adam II von Hradec (Neuhaus)       (d. 1596)
    1596 - 1599                Vacant?
    1599 - 1608                Christoph Popiel von Lobkowicz     (b. 1549 - d. 1609)
                                 (acting)
    1608 - 1619                Adam von Sternberg (1st time)      (b. 1548 - d. 1623)
    1619 - 1620                Bohuchlav     Berka von Duba
    1620 - 1623                Adam von Sternberg (2nd time)      (s.a.)
    1623 - 1627                Vacant
    1627 - 1638                Adam von Waldstein                 (d. 1638)
    1638 - 1649                Jaroslaw Borzita von Martinitz     (b. 1582 - d. 1649)
    1650                       Franz Ulrich von Kolowrat-
                                 Liebsteinsky
    1651 - 1685                Bernhard Ignaz Borzita von
                                 Martinitz
    1685 - 1703                Adolf Wratislaw von Sternberg      (d. 1703)
    1704 - 1710                Hermann Jakob Graf Czernin         (d. 1710)
    1710 - 1712                ....
    1712 - 1734                Johann Joseph Graf Wrtby
    1734 - 1747                Johann Ernst Graf von Schaffgotsch (b. 1685 - d. 1747)
    1748 - 1771                Philipp Graf Kolowrat-Krakowsky    (b. 1688 - d. 1773)
    1771 - 1782                Karl Egon Fürst von Fürstenberg    (b. 1729 - d. 1787)
    1782 - 1791                Franz Anton Graf Nostiz-Rieneck    (b. 1725 - d. 1794)
    1791 - 1792                Heinrich Graf Rottenhann           (b. 1738 - d. 1809)
    1792 - 1794                Prokop Graf Lazanský von Bukowa    (b. 1741 - d. 1804)
    22 Jan 1794 - 1802         Franz Wenzel Graf Kager von        (b. 1742 - d. 1804)
                                 Stampach
    1802 - 1805                Johann Rudolf Graf Chotek          (b. 1748 - d. 1824)
    1805 - 1809                Joseph Graf Wallis                 (b. 1767 - d. 1818)
    1809 - 1826                Franz Anton Graf Kolowrat-
                                 Liebensteinski                   (b. 1778 - d. 1861)
    Governors (Statthalter)
    1826 - 1843                Karl Graf Chotek von Cholkowa      (b. 1783 - d. 1868)
     9 Dec 1843 - 1848         Sptehan Franz Victor Erzherzog von (b. 1817 - d. 1867)
                                 Österreich
    Apr 1848 - Apr 1848        Leo Graf Thun-Hohenstein (acting)  (b. 1811 - d. 1888)
     2 Jun 1848 - Jun 1848     Frantisek Palacký                  (b. 1798 - d. 1876)
                                 (President of the Pan-Slav Congress; in rebellion)
    1848 - 1860                Karl Freiherr von Mecséry-Tsoor    (b. 1804 - d. 1886) 
                                 (acting to 1850)
    1860 - 1861                Anton Graf Forgách Ghymes          (b. 1819 - d. 1885)
    1861 - 1863                Ernst Freiherr von Kellersperg     (b. 1822 - d. 1879)
                                 (1st time) 
    1863 - 1865                Richard Graf Belcredi              (b. 1823 - d. 1902) 
                                 (administrator to 1864)
    1865 - 1866                Antonín Graf Lazanský (administrator)
    Prussian Civil Commissioner
    Jul 1866 - 1866            Georg Maximilian Franz Steinmann   (b. 1830 - d. 1901)
    Governors (Statthalter)
    1866 - 1867                Karl Graf Rothkirch und Panthen    (b. 1807 - d. 1870)
    1867 - 1868                Ernst Freiherr von Kellersperg     (s.a.)
                                 (2nd time) (administrator)
    1868 - 1870                Alexander Freiherr von Koller      (b. 1813 - d. 1890)
                                 (1st time) (administrator)
    1870 - 1871                Alexander Graf Dittrichstein       (b. 1813 - d. 1871)
                                 Mendorf-Pouilly (administrator)
    1871                       Bohuslav Graf Chotek               (b. 1829 - d. 1896)
    1871 - 1874                Alexander Freiherr von Koller      (s.a.)
                                 (2nd time)
    Jun 1874 - 1881            Philipp Freiherr Weber von Ebenhof (b. 1818 - d. 1900)
     8 Jul 1881 - 1889         Alfred Freiherr von Kraus          (b. 1824 - d. 1909) 
                                 (administrator to 1882)
    1889 - 1896                Franz Fürst von Thun und           (b. 1847 - d. 1916)
                                 Hohenstein (1st time)
    1896 - 1911                Karl Graf von Coudenhove           (b. 1855 - d. 1913)
    1911 - 1915                Franz Fürst von Thun und           (s.a.) 
                                 Hohenstein (2nd time)
    1915 - 1918                Maximilian Graf von Coudenhove     (b. 1865 - d. 1928)

    Oberstlandmarschälle
    1861 - 1863                Albert Graf Nostitz-Rieneck        (b. 1807 - d. 1871)
                                 (1st time)
    1863 - 1866                Karl Graf Rothkirch-Panthen        (s.a.)
    1866 - 1867                Albert Graf Nostitz-Rieneck        (s.a.)
                                 (2nd time)
    1867                       Edmund Graf Hartig                 (b. 1812 - d. 1883)
    1867 - 1870                Adolf Fürst Auersperg              (b. 1821 - d. 1885)
    1870                       Albert Graf Nostitz-Rieneck        (s.a.)
                                 (3rd time) 
    1871 - 1872                Georg Christian Franz Fürst        (b. 1835 - d. 1908) 
                                 Lobkowitz (1st time) 
    1872 - 1883                Karl Wilhelm Philipp Fürst         (b. 1814 - d. 1890)
                                 Auersperg 
    1883 - 1907                Georg Christian Franz Fürst        (s.a.)
                                 Lobkowitz (2nd time)
    1907 - 1913                Ferdinand Zdenko Maria Fürst       (b. 1858 - d. 1938)
                                 Lobkowitz 
    Chairman of the Provincial Administrative Commission
    1913 - 1918                Adalbert Joseph Maria Franz        (b. 1854 - d. 1924) 
                                 Graf von Schönborn-Buchheim-
                                 Wolfstahl 

     ¹Style of ruler was: 722-1085, 1092-1158 and 1172-1198: Kníze ceský ("Bohemian Prince"). 

     ²Style of ruler was:
    (a) 1085 - 1092, 1198 - 19 Oct 1306: Král ceský ("Bohemian King"); 
    (b) 19 Oct 1306 - 6 Aug 1806: König/Königin von Bohaim und Erzschenk und Kurfürst des 
    Heiligen Römischen Reichs, Latin form: Rex/Regina Bohemiae et Archipincerna, et Sacri 
    Romani Imperii princeps elector ("King/Queen of Bohemia, Archbutler and Prince-Elector
    of the Holy Roman Empire");
    (c) 6 Aug 1806 - 11 Nov 1918: König/Königin von Bohaim ("King/Queen of Bohemia").

    Moravia
    [AH Flag of Moravia]
                     7 Dec 1462 - 1918
     
    Map of Moravia
    Capital: Brünn
    Population: 2,622,271 (1910) 
    830 - 906                  Great Moravian Principality
    893 - 1028                 Hungarian occupation.
    961 - 995                  Principality; polity style unknown/unavailable/non-existent.
    1028                       Principality of Morava.
    1054 - 1200                Principality split into three, with respective seats
                                 at Olomouc, Brno, and Znojmo. Although each ruler was still 
                                 styled Kníze moravský, they are referred to by the styles 
                                 indicated below.
    1182                       Margravite of Moravia, within Bohemia.
    1197 - 1224                In personal union with Bohemia.
    1239 - 1246                In personal union with Bohemia. 
    1278 - 1283                Moravia was under imperial administration, Brno (Brünn)
                                 being an imperial city.
    1252 - 1349                In personal union with Bohemia. 
    1414                       In personal union with Bohemia.
    28 Oct 1526                Under Habsburg dynasty (in personal union with Austria).
     8 Dec 1849                Moravia a separate Austrian crownland (Markgrafschaft Mähren).
    21 Dec 1867                Part of the "Austrian" half of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy.
    30 Oct 1918                Part of the Czechoslovak State.

    Princes¹
    830 - 846                  Mojmír I
    846 - 869                  Rastislav
    869 - 871                  Svatopluk I (1st time)
    871                        Slavomír 
                                (probably identical with Sklagamar)
    871 - 894                  Svatopluk I (2nd time)
    894 - 906                  Mojmír II
    961 - 18 Mar 981           Slavník
    18 Mar 981 - 28 Sep 995    Sobeslav
    1028 - 1034                Bretislav (1st time)                 (b. c.1002 - d. 1055)
    1034 -  9 Nov 1034/1037    Oldrich                              (b. 97. - d. 1034/37)
     9 Nov 1034/1037 - 1054    Bretislav (2nd time)                 (s.a.)
    Princes in Olomouc (style Kníze olomucký)
    1054 - 1056                Vratislav I (1st time)
    1058 - 1061                Vratislav I (2nd time)
    1061 -  9 Jun 1087         Ota I "Slicný" 
                                 (formerly in Brno)
     9 Jun 1087 - 10 Aug 1090  Boleslav
    10 Aug 1090 - 1107         Svatoplu 
    1107 - Apr 1110            Ota II "Cerný" (1st time)
    Apr 1110 - 1113            Vladislav I
    1113 - 18 Feb 1126         Ota II "Cerný" (2nd time)
                                 (also in Brno)
    18 Feb 1126 - 1126         Sobeslav Oldrich (1st time)
    1126 -  1 Mar 1130         Václav I
    1130 - 1135                Sobeslav Oldrich (2nd time)
    1135 - 1137                Lupold
    1137 - 14 Feb 1140         Sobeslav Oldrich (3rd time)
    1140 - 12 May 1160         Ota III Detleb
    1160 - 1164                Vladislav II
    1164 - 1173                Bedrich                            (b. c.1142 - d. 1189)
    1174 - 1176                Oldrich
    1176 - 1179                Václav II
    1179 - 1189                Konrád II Ota                      (b. 113. - d. 1191) 
    1189 - 1191                Vladimír (1st time) 
                                (jointly with Bretislav [s.a.])
    1194 - 10 Dec 1200         Vladimír (2nd time)
    Princes in Brno (style Kníze brnenský)
    1055 - 1061                Ota I "Slicný"
                                 (later in Olomouc)
    1061 -  6 Sep 1092         Konrád I Ota 
     6 Sep 1092 - 1097         Oldrich (1st time)
    1097 - 1100                Borivoj 
    1100 - 11 Nov 1115         Oldrich (2nd time) 
                                 (also in Znojmo)
    1115 - 1123                Sobeslav Oldrich
    1123 - 1125                Ota II "Cerný" 
                                 (also in Olomouc)
    1125 - 16 Aug 1156         Vratislav II
    1174 - 1176                Václav II
    1176 - 1189                Konrád II Ota
    1189 - 1191                Spitihnev (1st time)
    1191 - 1194                Vladislav III Jindrich 
    1194 - 1197                Spitihnev (2nd time)
    Princes in Znojo (style Knízeznojemský) 
    1054 -  6 Sep 1092         Konrád I Ota 
     6 Sep 1092 - 1097         Lutold (1st time)
    1097 - 1100                Borivoj 
    1100 - 1112                Lutold (2nd time)
    1113 - 11 Nov 1115         Oldrich (also in Brno)
    1115 - 1123                Sobeslav Oldrich 
    1123 - 13 Dec 1150         Konrád II
    1159 - 1174                Konrád III
    1174 -  9 Sep 1191         Konrád II Ota 
    1191 - 1194                Vladislav III Jindrich 
    1194 - 1197                Jindrich Bretislav 
    Margraves² 
    Sep 1182 -  9 Sep 1191     Konrád Ota
     6 Dec 1197 - 12 Aug 1222  Vladislav I Jindrich
    12 Aug 1222 - 1224         Premysl I Otakar
    1224 - 18 Feb 1227         Vladislav II Jindrich
    1228 - 16 Oct 1239         Premysl
    16 Oct 1239 - Apr 1246     Václav I "Jednooký"
    Apr 1246 -  3 Jan 1247     Vladislav III
    1247 - 26 Aug 1278         Premysl II Otakar "Vítezný"
    26 Aug 1278 - 21 Jun 1305  Václav II "Dobrý"
    21 Jun 1305 -  4 Aug 1306  Václav III
    16 Oct 1306 -  3 Jul 1307  Rudolf I
    15 Aug 1307 -  9 Dec 1310  Jindrich "Korutanský"              (b. c.1270 - d. 1335)
    31 Aug 1310 - Dec 1333     Jan "Slepý"                        (b. 1296 - d. 1346)
    Dec 1333 - 26 Dec 1349     Karel I                            (b. 1316 -  d. 1378)
    26 Dec 1349 - 12 Nov 1375  Jan Jindrich
    12 Nov 1375 - 17 Jan 1411  Jost 
                               - together with following two -
    12 Nov 1375 - 24 Sep 1405  Prokop 
    12 Nov 1375 - 12 Oct 1394  Jan Sobeslav
    17 Jan 1411 - 16 Aug 1419  Václav IV
    16 Aug 1419 - 19 Jul 1421  Zikmund (1st time)                 (b. 1368 - d. 1437)
    1421 - 1421                Vilém z Pernstejna
    17 Nov 1421 -  4 Oct 1423  Zikmund (2nd time)                 (s.a.)
     7 Jun 1422 - 25 Mar 1423  Zikmund Korybut -Regent            (b. 136. - d. 1440)
                                (in dissidence)
                                (Keeper of the Moravian Margravite)
                                (nominally for Margrave-designate Vitold 
                                 Alexander, elected 4 Sep 1421)
                                (nominally Vitold Alexander elected 4 Sep 1421)
     4 Oct 1423 - 27 Oct 1439  Albrecht                           (b. 1397 - d. 1439)
    27 Oct 1439 - 22 Feb 1440  Jan Tovacovský z Cimburka -Regent
                                 (Captain of the Land)
    22 Feb 1440 - 23 Nov 1457  Ladislav "Pohrobek"                (b. 1440 - d. 1457)
    23 Nov 1457 -  9 Apr 1458  Jiríz Podebrad a z Kunstátu -Regent
                                 (Captain of the Land)
     9 Apr 1458 - 22 Mar 1471  Jirí 
    22 Mar 1471 - 27 May 1471  Ctibor Tovacovský z Cimburka -Regent
                                 (Captain of the Land)
    27 May 1471 - 25 Jul 1479  Vladislav IV "král Dobre" 
                                 (1st time)
    25 Jul 1479 -  6 Apr 1490  Matyás "Korvín"                    (b. 1440 - d. 1490) 
                                 (in dissidence from 3 May 1469) 
    1490 - 13 Mar 1516         Vladislav IV "král Dobre" 
                                 (2nd time)
    13 Mar 1516 - 29 Aug 1526  Ludvík                             (b. 1506 - d. 1526)
    21 Sep 1526 - 28 Oct 1526  Jan z Pernstejna -Regent
                                 (Captain of the Land)
    28 Oct 1526 - 30 Oct 1918  the rulers of Austria
    Governors (Statthalter)
     1 Nov? 1783 - 1787        Ludväk Cavriani
    1787 - 1802                Alois Graf von Ugarte              (b. 1749 - d. 18..) 
    1802 - 1804                Joseph Karl Fürst von Dietrichstein 
     1 Jan 1805 - 17 May 1805  Joseph Graf Wallis                 (b. 1767 - d. 1818)
    1805 - 1813                Prokop Graf Lazansky von Bukowa    (b. 1771 - d. 1824) 
    1813                       Johann Joseph Larisch von          (b. 1771 - d. 1841)
                                 Moennich (acting) 
     3 Sep 1813 - 21 Apr 1815  Hynek Karel Chorynský
    27 Apr 1815 - 13 Jan 1827  Antonin Mitrovský                  (d. 1842)
    1827 - 1834                Karl Rudolph Graf Inzaghi          (b. 1777 - d. 1856)
    29 Nov 1834 - 23 Apr 1845  Alois Graf von Ugarte              (b. 1784 - d. 1845) 
    1845 - 1847                Philipp Joseph Rudolf Graf von     (b. 1808 - d. 1882)
                                 Stadion-Warthausen
    1847 -  1 Aug 1860         Leopold Graf Lazanský              (b. 1808 - d. 1860)
    11 Aug 1860 - 20 Nov 1860  Anton Graf Forgách Ghymes          (b. 1819 - d. 1885)
    20 Nov 1860 - 21 May 1862  Gustav Ignaz Graf Chorinský        (b. 1806 - d. 1873)
    21 May 1862 - 20 Sep 1870  Adolf Freiherr von Poche           (b. 1811 - d. 1893)
    10 Oct 1870 - 29 Jun 1872  Siegmund Ignaz  Graf von Thun      (b. 1827 - d. 1897) 
                                 und Hohenstein
    29 Jun 1872 - 14 Jun 1874  Philipp Freiherr Weber von Ebenhof (b. 1818 - d. 1900)
    26 Jun 1874 - 18 Mar 1880  Ludwig Freiherr Possinger-         (b. 1823 - d. 1905)
                                 Choborski
    18 Mar 1880 - 10 Jul 1880  Franz Ritter Kallina von Urbanow   (d. 1880)
    17 Sep 1880 -  7 Nov 1881  Karl Freiherr Korb-Weidenheim      (b. 1836 - d. 1881) 
     8 Nov 1881 - 13 Oct 1888  Friedrich Graf Schönborn Buchheim- (b. 1841 - d. 1907) 
                                 Wolfstahl
    16 Nov 1888 - 14 Sep 1893  Hermann Freiherr von Loebl         (b. 1835 - d. 1907)
     3 Oct 1893 - 18 Jan 1900  Alois Freiherr von Spens-Boden
    15 Feb 1900 - 17 Sep 1906  Karl E. Graf Zierotin-Lilgenau     (b. 1850 - d. 1934)
    1906 - 1907                Hermann Graf Pillersdorf
    26 Jan 1908 -  3 Nov 1911  Karl Freiherr von Heinold-Udynski  (b. 1862 - d. 1943)
                                 (1st time)
    15 Dec 1911 - 29 Nov 1915  Oktavian Freiherr von Regner-      (b. 1866 — d. 1945)
                                 Bleyleben
     3 Dec 1915 - 30 Oct 1918  Karl Freiherr von Heinold-Udynski  (s.a.)
                                 (2nd time)

    Landeshauptleute
    1436 - 1440                Vanek von Boskovitz
    1437 - 1459                Johann Towachowsky von Cimburg und (d. 1494)
                                 Tobitschau (1st time)
    1464? - 1468?              Viktorin Podebrad Herzog von
                                  Munsterberg
    1469 - 1494                Ctibor Towachowsky von Cimburg und (s.a.)
                                 Tobitschau (2nd time)
    1494 - 1496                Vratislav von Pernstein            (d. 1496)
    1496 - 1515                Johann von Lomnitz
    1515 - 1519                Johann von Pernstein (1st time)    (d. 1548)
    1520? - 1522?              Arkleb von Boskovitz
    1523 - Sep 1526            Johann Kuno von Kuenstadt (1st time)
    Sep 1526 - 1528/30         Johann von Pernstein (2nd time)    (s.a.)
    1530 - 1540                Johann Kuno von Kuenstadt (2nd time)
    1541 - 1556                Vaclav Wenzel von Ludanitz         (d. 1557)
    1559? - 1560?              Zdenko von Waldstein
    1561 - 1566                Pertold von Lippa
    1567 - 1572                Zacharias von Hradec (Neuhaus)
    1573 - 1578                Zdenek Lev von Rozmital
    1579 - 1582                Johann Haugwitz von Biskupic       (d. 1607)
                                 (1st time)
    1582 - 1589                Hynek Brtnicky von Waldstein
    1590 - 1594                Hynek der ältere
    1594 - 1598                Frederik der ältere von Zierotin   (d. 1598)
    1598                       Ladislav Berka von Duba (1st time)
                                 (acting)
    1599 - 1601                Joachim Haugwitz von Biskupic      (s.a.)
                                 (2nd time)
    1603 - 1604                Ladislav Berka von Duba (2nd time)
    1604 - 1607                Karl von Liechtenstein
    1607 - 1608                Ladislav Berka von Duba            (d. 1608)
    1608 - 1615                Karl der ältere von Zierotin       (b. 1564 - d. 1636)
    1615 - 1619                Ladislav der jüngere Popiel von    (d. 1621)
                                 Lobkowitz
    1619 - 1620                Johann von Würben
    1620 - Apr 1621            Ladislav Velen von Zierotin        (b. 1579 - d. 1638)
    1621 - 19 Sep 1636         Franz I Fürst von Dietrichstein    (b. 1570 - d. 1636)
    1637 - 1640?               Julius Graf von Salm               (d. 1655)
    1642 - 1648                Christoph Paul Graf von            (d. 1648)
                                     Liechtenstein-Kastelkorn
    1648 - 1655                Johann von Rottal                  (b. 1600 - d. 1674)
    1655 - 1664?               Gabriel (Gabor) von Serenyi
    1664 - 1666                Ferdinand von Dietrichstein
    1667 - 1700                Franz Karl Graf von Kolowrat-      (b. 1620 - d. 1700)
                                 Liebsteinsky 
    1701 - 1704                Karl Maximilian Graf von Thurn-    (b. 1643 - d. 1716)
                                 Valsassina
    1704 - 1714                Franz Joseph Graf von Oppersdorff  (b. 1660 - d. 1714) 
    1714 - 1718                Hieronymus Graf Colloredo          (b. c.1683 - d. 17..)
    1717 - 1719                Franz Joseph Graf von Waldstein    (b. 1680 - d. 1722)
    1720 - 1746                Maximilian Ulrich von Kaunitz-     (b. 1679 - d. 1746)
                                 Rietberg 
    1746 - 1748                Vacant
    1748 - 1760?               Franz Heisler
    1760 - 1763                Heinrich Cajetan Graf Blümenegen   (b. 1715 - d. 1788)
    1763 - 1770                Franz Anton Xaver Graf                 (b. 1712 - d. 1783)
                                 Schrattenbach
    1770 - Nov 1772            Ernst Christoph von Kaunitz-           (b. 1737 - d. 1797)
                                 Rietberg                  
    1772 - 1782                Christoph Graf von Blömegen 
    1782 - 1861                Vacant
    1861 - 1867                Emmanuel Graf Dubsky von           (b. 1806 - d. 1881)
                                 Trebomyslic (1st time)
    1867                       Hugo Karl Furst Fürst zu Salm-     (b. 1803 - d. 1888)
                                 Reifferscheid (1st time)
    1867 - 1870                Emmanuel Graf Dubsky von           (s.a.)
                                 Trebomyslic (2nd time)
    1870 - 1871                Adalbert Freiherr von Widmann      (b. 18.. - d. 1968)
    1871                       Hugo Karl Edouard Fürst zu Salm-   (s.a.)
                                 Reifferscheid (2nd time) 
    1871 - 1884                Adalbert Freiherr von Widmann      (s.a.)
                                 (2nd time)
    1884 - 1906                Felix Graf Vetter von der Lilie    (b. 1830 - d. 1913)
    1906 - 1918                Otto Graf Serényi von Kis-Serényi  (b. 1855 - d. 1927)

     ¹Style of ruler was: 
    (a) 830 - 906 and 1028 - 1054: Kníze moravský ("Moravian Prince");
    (b) 961 - 995: unknown.

     ²Style of ruler was:
    (a) Sep 1182 - 28 Oct 1526: Markrabí moravský/Markrabenka moravská ("Moravian Margrave");
    (b) 28 Oct 1526 - 30 Oct 1918: Markgraf von Mähren ("Margrave of Moravia").

    Silesia
    Silesia
                         1848 - 1918
     
     
    Map of Silesia
    Capital: Troppau
    Population: 756,949 (1910) 


    1138                       Polish Duchy of Silesia established.
    1159                       Divided into (some 17) duchies in Lower and Upper Silesia.
    1327                       Upper Silesian dukes becomes vassals of Bohemia.
    1329                       Lower Silesian dukes becomes vassals of Bohemia.
    1335                       Silesia a possession of the Bohemian Crown. 
    24 Oct 1526                Under Habsburg dynasty (in personal union with Austria).
    1675                       Remaining Piast dynasty territories annexed by Austria.
    11 Jan 1742                Habsburgs forced to cede most of Silesia to Prussia by the 
                               Peace of Breslau. The districts (kreise) of Teschen and Troppau
                                 remain Austrian, administered by governors of Bohemia.
     8 Dec 1849                Silesia a separate Austrian crownland (Herzogtum Schlesien).
     1 Aug 1860 -  1 Apr 1861  Amalgamated with Moravia.
    21 Dec 1867                Part of the "Austrian" half of the Austro-Hungarian 
                                 Monarchy.
     2 Nov 1918                Part of the Czechoslovak State.

    Dukes (style Herzog von Ober- und Niederschlesien)
    24 Oct 1526 -  2 Nov 1918  the rulers of Austria
    Starosta generalny (    Oberlandeshauptleute [royal captains])
    1474 – 1480                Stefan Zapolya                     (d. 1499)
    1480 – 1481                Jan, b    ishop of Waradynu
    1481 - 1488                Vacant
    1488 – 1488                Fryderyk I, duke of Legnicy        (b c.1446 - d. 1488)
    1488 - 1490                    Vacant
    1490 – 1497                Jan IV Roth, bishop of Wroclawia   (b. 1426 - d. 1506)
    1497 – 1504                Kazimierz II, duke of Cieszyna     (b. 1449 - d. 1528)
                                 (1st time)
    1504 – 1507                Zygmunt I     Jagiellończyk            (b. 1467 - d. 1548)
    1507 – 1507                Jan V Turzo, b    ishop of Wroclawia   (b. 1464 - d. 1520)
    1507 – 1517                Kazimierz II, duke of Cieszyna     (s.a.)
                                 (2nd time)
    1517 – 1528                Fryderyk II, duke of Legnicki      (b. 1480 - d. 1547)
    1517 – 1528                Kazimierz II, duke of Cieszyna     (s.a.)
                                 (3rd time)
    Oberlandeshauptleute (Starosta generalny [royal captains])
    1528 – 1536                Karl I Podiebradowicz    , duke        (b. 1476 - d. 1536)
                                 of Münsterberg
    1536 - 1539                Jakub von Salza, b    ishop of         (b. 1481 - d. 1539)
                                     Breslau
    1540 - 1562                Baltazar von Promnitz, bishop      (b. c.1488 - d. 1562)
                                 of     Breslau
    1562 – 1562                Georg Oppersdorff (1st time)
                                 (acting)
    1562 - 1574                Kaspar von Logau, b    ishop of        (b. c.1524 - d. 1574)
                                     Breslau
    1574 – 1574                Georg Oppersdorff (2nd time)
                                 (acting)
    1574 - 1585                Martin Gerstmann, b    ishop of        (b. 1527 - d. 1585)
                                     Breslau
    1585 - 1596                Andreas Jerin, bishop of Breslau   (b. c.1540 - d. 1596)
    1596 - 1599                Bonaventura Hahn, b    ishop of        (b. 1540 - d. 1602)
                                 Breslau
    1599 - 1600                Paul Albert, bishop of     Breslau     (b. 1557 - d. 1600)
    1600 - 1608                Johann VI von Sitsch, bishop of        (b. 1552 - d. 1608)
                                 Breslau                  
    1608 – 1617                Karl II von Münsterberg, duke      (b. 1545 - d. 1617)
                                 of Oels                      
    1617                       Adam Waclaw, duke of Teschen           (b. 1574 - d. 1617)
    1617 - 1621                Johann Christian, duke of Brieg    (b. 1691 - d. 1639)
    1621 - 1628                    Georg Rudolf, duke of Liegnitz     (b. 1595 - d. 1653)
                                 (1st time)
    1629 – 1639                Heinrich Wenceslas     Podiebradowicz, (b. 1592 - d. 1639)
                                 duke of Oles
    1639 – 1641                Karl Eusebius     von Liechtenstein    (b. 1611 - d. 1684)
    1641 – 1653                    Georg Rudolf, duke of Liegnitz     (s.a.)
                                 (2nd time)
    1653 – 1664                Georg III, duke of Brieg           (b. 1611 - d. 1664)
    1664 – 1671                Sebastian von Rostock,     bishop of   (b. 1607 - d. 1671)
                                 Breslau
    1671 – 1674                Wenceslas     von Lobkowitz, duke of
                                 Sagan
    1672 – 1676?               Count Christoph     Leopold            (b. 1632 - d. 1703)
                                 Schaffgotsch (acting)
    1676 – 1682                Friedrich von Hessen, bishop of    (b. 1616 - d. 1682)
                                 Breslau
    1682 – 1684                Johann Kasper II von Ampringen,    (b. 1618 - d. 1684)
                                 duke of Freudenthal
    1684 – 1719                Franz Ludwig von Pfalz-Neuburg,         (b. 1664 - d. 1732)
                                 bishop of Breslau
    1719 – 1742                Count Johann Anton Gotthard        (b. 1665 - d. 1742)
                                     Schaffgotsch (acting)
    Landeshauptleute of Troppau-Jägerndorff
    1743 - 1751                Franz Bernhard Graf Lichnowsky
    1751 - 1767                Franz Heinrich Freiherr von
                                 Bereczko
    1767 - 1770                Carl Franz Freiherr Orlikon
                                 Laziczka auf Schönstein
    1770 - 1785                Ignatz Dominik Graf von Chorinsky
    1793 - 1813                Cajetan Freiherr von Sobek
    1813 - 1829                Anton Graf von Sedlnicky
    1829 - 1832                Ignatz Freiherr von Sobek
    1833 - 1838                Wenzel Freiherr von Sedlnicky
    1839 - 1848                Wilhelm Freiherr von Badenfeld     (b. 1799 - d. 1863)
    Governors (Statthalter)
     8 Dec 1849 - 23 Feb 1853  Joseph Freiherr Kalchegger von     (b. 1801 - d. 1882)
                                 Kalchberg 
    23 Feb 1853 - 23 Dec 1854  Anton Freiherr von Halbhuber       (b. 1809 - d. 1886)
                                 von Festwill
    Landespräsidenten
    23 Dec 1853 -  1 Aug 1860  Anton Freiherr von Halbhuber       (s.a.)
                                 von Festwill
     1 Aug 1860 -  1 Apr 1861  Amalgamated with Moravia
     1 Apr 1861 - 28 Mar 1863  Richard Graf Belcredi              (b. 1823 - d. 1902)
                                 (administrator to 10 Oct 1862)
    28 Mar 1863 - 25 Jun 1866  Hermann Freiherr von Pillersdorf   (b. 1817 - d. 1887)
                                 (1st time)
    25 Jun 1866 - 24 Jul 1868  August Ritter von Merkl
    24 Jul 1868 - 30 Sep 1870  Hermann Freiherr von Pillersdorf   (s.a.)
                                 (2nd time)
     4 Oct 1870 - 26 Apr 1882  Alexander Ritter Summer 
     8 May 1882 - 26 Jun 1886  Olivier Marquis de Becquehem       (b. 1847 - d. 1917)
     4 Jul 1886 - 10 Jul 1889  Franz Karl Graf Merweldt           (b. 1844 - d. 1916)
    24 Jul 1889 - 13 Sep 1894  Karl Ritter Jaeger                 (b. 1836 - d. 1920)
    13 Sep 1894 - 13 Feb 1896  Karl Maria Graf von Coudenhove     (b. 1855 - d. 1913)
    25 Feb 1896 - 30 Nov 1898  Manfred Graf Clary-Aldringen       (b. 1862 - d. 1928)
    30 Nov 1898 - 28 Jun 1905  Joseph Graf von Thun und Hohenstein
    15 Sep 1905 - 26 Jan 1908  Karl Freiherr von Heinold-Udynski  (b. 1862 - d. 1942)
    26 Jan 1908 - 27 Mar 1915  Maximilian Graf von Coudenhove     (b. 1865 - d. 1928)
    27 Mar 1915 -  2 Nov 1918  Adalbert Freiherr von Widmann      (b. 18.. - d. 1968)

    Landeshauptleute
    1861 - 1865                Johann Graf von Larisch-Moennich   (b. 1821 - d. 1884)
    1865 - 1886                Armand Graf von Küenburg           (b. 1809 - d. 1886)
    1886 - 1918                Heinrich Graf von Larisch-Moennich (b. 1850 - d. 1918)

    Teschen

    13 Nov 1281                Duchy of Teschen (Herzogtum von Teschen) established. 
    19 May 1653                Becomes a Habsburg possession as part of Silesia.
    12 May 1722                Granted as mediate (non-sovereign) fief to the House of 
                                 Lothringen (Lorraine).
    10 Feb 1822                Granted as mediate fief a branch of the House of Habsburg.
    19 Oct 1918                A local Polish provisional government formed.
     2 Nov 1918                Partitioned; east bank of the Olsa river going to Poland
                                 (Teschen city)(Cieszyn) and west bank to Czechoslovakia
                                 (Freistadt and suburbs).
    Jan 1919                   Czechoslovak occupation of the entire territory.
    28 Jul 1920                Division confirmed by Ambassadors conference.
     2 Oct 1938 -  3 May 1945  Both parts of Teschen annexed to Germany; made a Kreis
                                 (district) of the Regierungsbezirk Kattowitz 
                                 in Prussian (Upper-) Silesia.
    19 Jun 1945                Former territorial division between Poland and 
                                 Czechoslovakia restored.

    Chairman of the Polish National Council of the Duchy of Teschen
    19 Oct 1918 - Aug 1920     Józef Londzin                      (b. 1863 - d. 1929)

    Chairman of the Executive National Council of the Duchy of Teschen
    1918                       Józef Kazimierz Piatkowski         (b. 1874 - d. 1942)
    Provisional President of Land Government of the Duchy of Teschen
    15 Dec 1919 -  3 Feb 1920  .... 

    Czechoslovakia 
     
    [Flag of Czechoslovakia 1918-1920]
               28 Oct 1918 - 30 Mar 1920
     
     
    [Flag of Czechoslovakia]
                30 Mar 1920 - 15 Mar 1939;
                 3 Apr 1945 - 1 Jan 1993
     
    Map of Czechoslovakia
    (1946-1993)
    Hear National Anthem
    "Kde domov muj?
    (Where is My Home?)
    Text of National Anthem
    Adopted 1918
    Constitution
      (1920,1948,1968; in German)
    Capital: Prague
    Currency: Czechoslovak
    Koruna     (CSK)
    National Holidays:
    9 May (1945)
    National Liberation Day
    --------------------------------
    28 Oct (1918)
    Founding of the Republic
    Population: 15,725,680 (1992)
    GDP: $108.9 billion (1991)
    Exports: $12.0 billion (1990)
    Imports: $13.3 billion (1990)
    Ethinc groups: Czech 54.1%, Slovak 31%,
    Moravian 8.7%, Hungarian 3.8%, Gypsy (Roma) 0.7%,
    Silesian 0.3%, Polish, Ruthenian,     Ukrainian, other 1.4%  (1991)
    Total Armed Forces: 257,000 (1987)
    Merchant marine: 22 ships (1992)
    Religions: Roman Catholic 46.4%, Evangelical (Lutheran) 5.3%,
    Atheist 29.5%, unknown/other 16.7% (1991)
    International Organizations/Treaties 1918-1992: ANT, BIS, CCC, CFE, Comecon, CSCE, DC, EBRD, ENMOD, FAO, GATT,  IAEA, IBEC, IBRD, ICAO, ICSID, IFCTU, IIB, ILO, IMF, IMO, Inmarsat, Intelsat, Interpol, Intersputnik, IOC, IOM (observer), IPU, ISO, ITU, LORCS, NSG, NTBT, PCA, UN, UNCLOS (signatory), UNCTAD, UNDP, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WP, WToO, ZC 
    Orthodox Church
    of Czechoslovakia

    28 Oct 1918                Czechoslovak State
    14 Nov 1918                Czechoslovak Republic (from 23 Nov 1938 semi-officially
                                 Czecho-Slovak Republic).
    15 Mar 1939                separation into Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia
                                 (under German rule) and Slovakia.
     3 Apr 1945                Czechoslovak Republic reconstituted.
    11 Jul 1960                Czechoslovak Socialist Republic
    29 Mar 1990                Czechoslovak Federal Republic (in Slovak language
                                 Czecho-Slovak Federal Republic).
    20 Apr 1990                Czech and Slovak Federal Republic
     1 Jan 1993                Separation into Czech Republic and Slovakia.


    General Secretary of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia (KSC)
    Apr 1945 -  6 Sep 1951     Rudolf Slanský                     (b. 1901 - d. 1952)
    Chairman of the Communist Party
    Apr 1945 - 14 Mar 1953     Klement Gottwald                   (b. 1896 - d. 1953)
    First secretaries  of the Communist Party
    14 Mar 1953 -  5 Jan 1968  Antonín Novotný                    (b. 1904 - d. 1975)
                                 (Chairman to 5 Sep 1953) 
     5 Jan 1968 - 17 Apr 1969  Alexander Dubcek                   (b. 1921 - d. 1992)
    17 Apr 1969 - 29 May 1971  Gustáv Husák                       (b. 1913 - d. 1991)
    General secretaries of the Communist Party
    29 May 1971 - 17 Dec 1987  Gustáv Husák                       (s.a.)
    17 Dec 1987 - 24 Nov 1989  Milos Jakes                        (b. 1922)
    24 Nov 1989 - 20 Dec 1989  Karel Urbánek                      (b. 1941)
    20 Dec 1989 -  1 Sep 1990  Ladislav Adamec (Chairman)         (b. 1926 - d. 2007)

    Chairman of the Czech National Council 
    (from 26 Sep 1918 of Provisional Czechoslovak Government)
    15 Sep 1915 - 28 Oct 1918  Tomás Garrigue Masaryk             (b. 1850 - d. 1937)
                                 (in Italy, then London, finally in Paris exile)
    Chairman of the National Council
    28 Oct 1918 - 14 Nov 1918  Karel Kramár                       (b. 1860 - d. 1937)
    28 Oct 1918 -  2 Nov 1918  Presidium of the National Committee
                               (acting for absent Kramár)
                               - Alois Rasín                      (b. 1867 - d. 1923)
                               - Frantisek Soukup                 (b. 1871 - d. 1940)
                               - Jirí Stríbrný                    (b. 1880 - d. 1955)  CNSS 
                               - Vavro Srobár                     (b. 1867 - d. 1950)
                               - Antonín Svehla                   (b. 1873 - d. 1933)
    Presidents
    14 Nov 1918 - 14 Dec 1935  Tomás Garrigue Masaryk             (s.a.)               Non-party
                                 (arrived 21 Dec 1918)
    14 Dec 1935 - 18 Dec 1935  Milan Hodza (acting)               (b. 1878 - d. 1944)  RSZML
    18 Dec 1935 -  5 Oct 1938  Edvard Benes (1st time)            (b. 1884 - d. 1948)  CNSS
     5 Oct 1938 - 30 Nov 1938  Jan Syrový (acting)                (b. 1888 - d. 1970)  Mil
    30 Nov 1938 - 15 Mar 1939  Emil Hácha                         (b. 1872 - d. 1945)  Non-party
     8 May 1945 - 11 May 1945  Albert Prazák                      (b. 1880 - d. 1956)
                                 (chairman of the national council)
     3 Apr 1945 -  7 Jun 1948  Edvard Benes (2nd time)            (s.a.)               Non-party
                                 (at Kosice to 16 May 1945)
     7 Jun 1948 - 14 Mar 1953  Klement Gottwald                   (s.a.)               KSC
                                 (acting to 14 Jun 1948)
    14 Mar 1953 - 13 Nov 1957  Antonín Zápotocký                  (b. 1884 - d. 1957)  KSC
                                 (acting to 21 Mar 1953) 
    13 Nov 1957 - 19 Nov 1957  Viliám Siroký (acting)             (b. 1902 - d. 1971)  KSC
    19 Nov 1957 - 22 Mar 1968  Antonín Novotný                    (s.a.)               KSC
    22 Mar 1968 - 30 Mar 1968  Josef Lenárt (acting)              (b. 1923 - d. 2004)  KSC
    30 Mar 1968 - 29 May 1975  Ludvík Svoboda                     (b. 1895 - d. 1979)  KSC
    29 May 1975 - 10 Dec 1989  Gustáv Husák                       (s.a.)               KSC
    10 Dec 1989 - 29 Dec 1989  Marián Calfa (acting)              (b. 1946)            KSC
    29 Dec 1989 - 20 Jul 1992  Václav Havel                       (b. 1936)            OF
    20 Jul 1992 - 31 Dec 1992  Jan Stráský (acting)               (b. 1940)            ODS
     

    Prime Ministers 
    16 Nov 1918 -  8 Jul 1919  Karel Kramár                       (s.a.)               CSD
     8 Jul 1919 - 16 Sep 1920  Vlastimil Tusar                    (b. 1880 - d. 1924)  CSDS 
    16 Sep 1920 - 20 Sep 1921  Jan Cerný (1st time)               (b. 1866 - d. 1959)  RSZML
    20 Sep 1921 -  8 Oct 1922  Edvard Benes                       (s.a.)               CNSS
     8 Oct 1922 - 18 Mar 1926  Antonin Svehla (1st time)          (b. 1873 - d. 1933)  RSZML/P
    18 Mar 1926 - 12 Oct 1926  Jan Cerný (2nd time)               (s.a.)               RSZML
    12 Oct 1926 -  1 Feb 1929  Antonin Svehla (2nd time)          (s.a.)               RSZML/P
     1 Feb 1929 -  9 Oct 1932  Frantisek Udrzal                   (b. 1866 - d. 1938)  RSZML
     9 Oct 1932 -  5 Nov 1935  Jan Malypetr                       (b. 1873 - d. 1947)  RSZML
     5 Nov 1935 - 22 Sep 1938  Milan Hodza                        (s.a.)               RSZML
    22 Sep 1938 -  1 Dec 1938  Jan Syrový                         (s.a.)               Non-party
     1 Dec 1938 - 15 Mar 1939  Rudolf Beran                       (b. 1887 - d. 1954)  RSZML/SNJ
     7 Apr 1945 -  3 Jul 1946  Zdenek Fierlinger                  (b. 1891 - d. 1976)  CSSD
                                 (at Kosice to 10 May 1945)
     3 Jul 1946 - 15 Jun 1948  Klement Gottwald                   (s.a.)               KSC
    15 Jun 1948 - 14 Mar 1953  Antonín Zápotocký                  (s.a.)               KSC
    14 Mar 1953 - 22 Sep 1963  Viliám Siroký                      (s.a.)               KSC
    22 Sep 1963 -  4 Apr 1968  Josef Lenárt                       (s.a.)               KSC
     4 Apr 1968 - 28 Jan 1970  Oldrich Cerník                     (b. 1921 - d. 1994)  KSC
    28 Jan 1970 - 11 Oct 1988  Lubomír Strougal                   (b. 1924)            KSC
    11 Oct 1988 - 10 Dec 1989  Ladislav Adamec                    (s.a.)               KSC
    10 Dec 1989 -  1 Jul 1992  Marián Calfa                       (s.a.) KSC;1990 VPN;1991 ODU-VPN
     1 Jul 1992 - 31 Dec 1992  Jan Stráský                        (s.a.)               ODS

    Czechoslovak Government in Exile (recognized 21 Jul 1940)

    [Flag of Czechoslovakia]

    Deputy Chairman of the Czechoslovak National Committee
    17 Nov 1939 - 21 Jul 1940  Jan Srámek (in Paris, France exile)(b. 1870 - d. 1956)  CSL
    President
    21 Jul 1940 -  2 Apr 1945  Edvard Benes (in London exile)     (s.a.)               Non-party

    Prime minister
    21 Jul 1940 -  2 Apr 1945  Jan Srámek (in London exile)       (s.a.)               CSL
     

    Allied Occupation

    Commander in Chief of the (Soviet) First Ukrainian Army Group
    (operating in northern Czechoslovakia)
    16 May 1944 - 15 May 1945  Ivan Stepanovich Konev             (b. 1897 - d. 1973)
    Commander in Chief of the (Soviet) Second Ukrainian Army Group
    (operating in southern Czechoslovakia)
    16 May 1944 - Jun 1945     Rodion Yakovlevich Malinovsky      (b. 1898 - d. 1967)
    Commander of the U.S. Third Army
    (operating in Pilsen and western Czechoslovakia)
     6 May 1945 - 30 Sep 1945  George Smith Patton, Jr.           (b. 1885 - d. 1945)

    Party abbreviations: CSSD = Ceská Strana Sociálné Demokratická (Czech Social Democratic Party, merged into KSC Jun 1948; renewed as Czechoslovak Social Democratic Party [CSSD] Mar 1990); CNSS/CSP = Ceskoslovenská Národne Socialistická Strana (Czechoslovak National Socialist Party, social-liberal, Czech Socialist Party until 1926, since 1989 Czechoslovak Socialist Party, 1948-89 member of KSC-led national front); KSC = Komunistická Strana Ceskeskoslovenska (Communist Party of Czechoslovakia, communist, only legal party 1948-89); ODS = Obcanská Demokratická Strana (Civic Democratic Party); ODU-VPN = Obcanská Demokratická Unie-Verejnost Proti Násiliu (Civic Democratic Union-Public Against Violence); VPN = Verejnost Proti Násiliu (Public Against Violence, former communist dissidents, conservative, Slovak partner of the Czech-based Civic Forum (to Apr 1991);
    - Former parties: CSD = Ceska Státoprávní Demokracie (Czech Constitutional Democracy, 1918-1920's center-right); CSDS = Ceskoslovenská Sociálne Demokratická Strana Delnická (Czechoslovak Social Democratic Workers' Party); CSL = Ceskoslovenská Strana Lidova (Czechoslovak People's Party, nationalist, conservative, from 1948 member of National Front);
    OF = Obcanské Fórum (Civic Forum, Apr 1991 OF split into ODS, the Civic Democratic Alliance [ODA] and the Civic Movement [OH]); P = "Petka" (The Five, coalition of the RSZML, CSDS, CSNN, CSL, and Czechoslovak National Democratic Party -1922-1929); RSZML = Republikanská Strana Zemedelského a Malorolnické Lidu (Republican Party of Farmers and Peasants, agrarian); 
    SNJ = Strana Národní Jednoty (Party of National Unity, all rightist parties and large part CNSS, 21 Nov 1938 - Mar 1939)

    Czech Republic
     
    [Flag of Czechoslovakia 1918-1920]
           29 Mar 1990 -  17 Dec 1992 
    [Flag of Czechoslovakia]
                 Adopted 1 Jan 1993 

     1 Jan 1969                Czech Socialist Republic within Czechoslovakia.
    29 Mar 1990                Czech Republic (Czechia)
     1 Jan 1993                Czech Republic independent.

    Presidents
     1 Jan 1993 -  2 Feb 1993  Václav Klaus (1st time)(acting)    (b. 1941)            ODS 
     2 Feb 1993 -  2 Feb 2003  Václav Havel                       (s.a.)               Non-party
     2 Feb 2003 -  7 Mar 2003  Vladimír Spidla (acting)           (b. 1951)            CSSD
     7 Mar 2003 -              Václav Klaus (2nd time)            (s.a.)               ODS 

    Prime ministers
     8 Jan 1969 - 29 Sep 1969  Stanislav Rázl                     (b. 1920 - d. 1999)  KSC
    29 Sep 1969 - 28 Jan 1970  Josef Kempný                       (b. 1920 - d. 1996)  KSC
    28 Jan 1970 - 20 Mar 1987  Josef Korcák                       (b. 1921 - d. 2008)  KSC
    20 Mar 1987 - 12 Oct 1988  Ladislav Adamec                    (b. 1926 - d. 2007)  KSC
    12 Oct 1988 -  6 Feb 1990  Frantisek Pitra                    (b. 1932)            KSC
     6 Feb 1990 -  2 Jul 1992  Petr Pithart                       (b. 1941)         OF;Apr 1991 OH
     2 Jul 1992 - 17 Dec 1997  Václav Klaus                       (s.a.)               ODS
    17 Dec 1997 - 17 Jul 1998  Josef Tosovský                     (b. 1950)            Non-party
    17 Jul 1998 - 12 Jul 2002  Milos Zeman                        (b. 1944)            CSSD 
    12 Jul 2002 - 26 Jul 2004  Vladimír Spidla                    (s.a.)               CSSD
    26 Jul 2004 - 25 Apr 2005  Stanislav Gross                    (b. 1969)            CSSD 
    25 Apr 2005 -  4 Sep 2006  Jirí Paroubek                      (b. 1952)            CSSD 
     4 Sep 2006 -  8 May 2009  Mirek Topolánek                    (b. 1956)            ODS
         8 May 2009 -              Jan Fischer                        (b. 1951)            Non-party      

    International Disputes: In 2006, Austrian public protests for the Czech Republic to close the Temelin nuclear power plant resulted in an Austrian parliamentary motion threatening international legal action; in Feb. 2005, the ICJ refused to rule on the restitution of Liechtenstein's land and property assets in the Czech Republic confiscated in 1945 as German property; individual Sudeten Germans seek restitution for property confiscated in connection with their expulsion after World War II.

    Party abbreviations: CSSD = Ceská Strana Sociálné Demokratická (Czech Social Democratic Party, social-democratic); DEU = Unie Svobody–Demokratická Unie (Freedom Union – Democratic Union, conservative); KDU-CSL = Krestanská a Demokraticke Unie-Ceská Strana Lidova (Christian-Democratic Union-Czech People's Party, moderate conservative); ODS = Obcanské Demokratická Strana (Civic Democratic Party, conservative);
    - Former parties: KSC = Communist Party of Czechoslovakia (communist, only legal party 1948-89); OF = Obcanské Fórum (Civic Forum, Apr 1991 OF split into ODS, the Civic Democratic Alliance [ODA] and the Civic Movement [OH])


    Bohemia-Moravia
     
    [Flag of Protectorate of Boheimia and Moravia 1939-1945]
                15 Mar 1939 - 8 May 1945 
     
    [Bohemia and Moravia President's flag]
             Reichs Protectors Flag
     
    Map of Bohemia-Moravia
    Administrative Map
     of Bohemia-Moravia
    National Anthem
    (none)
    Constitution
    (none)
    Capital: Prague
    Currency: Bohemia-Moravia
    Koruna (CSM);
    German Reichsmark (DER)
    National Holiday: 23 Apr (1889)
    Fuhrer's Birthday
    Population: 10,674,400 (1930)
    GDP: $N/A
    Exports: $N/A
    Imports: $N/A
    Ethnic groups: Czech, German, Gypsy, Jewish
    Total Armed Forces: N/A
    Merchant marine: N/A
    Religions: Roman Catholic, Protestant,
    Eastern Orthodox, Jewish
    International Organizations/Treaties: IOC, ITU, UPU

    15 Mar 1935                German occupation begins.
    16 Mar 1939                Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia established
                                 (Reichsprotektorat Böhmen und Mähren).
     8 May 1945                End of German occupation.

    Military governors
    15 Mar 1939 -  5 Apr 1939  Johannes von Blaskowitz            (b. 1884 - d. 1948)
                                (in Prague, Bohemia)
                               + Wilhelm List (in Brünn, Moravia) (b. 1880 - d. 1971)
    Reichs Protectors (Reichsprotektor)(de facto heads of state)
     5 Apr 1939 - 20 Aug 1943  Konstantin Freiherr von Neurath    (b. 1873 - d. 1956)  NSDAP
    27 Sep 1941 -  4 Jun 1942  Reinhard Tristan Eugen Heydrich    (b. 1904 - d. 1942)  NSDAP
                                 (acting for Neurath) 
    27 May 1942 - 28 May 1942  Karl Hermann Frank                 (b. 1898 - d. 1946)  NSDAP
                                 (acting for Heydrich)
    28 May 1942 - 14 Oct 1943  Kurt Daluege                       (b. 1897 - d. 1946)  NSDAP
                                 (acting [to 5 Jun 1942 for Heydrich])
    14 Oct 1943 -  4 May 1945  Wilhelm Frick                      (b. 1877 - d. 1946)  NSDAP 
    26 Apr 1945 -  8 May 1945  Ferdinand Schörner                 (b. 1892 - d. 1973)  Mil
                                 (military commander with unrestricted executive power)

    President 
    16 Mar 1939 -  8 May 1945  Emil Hácha                         (b. 1872 - d. 1945)  Non-party

    Prime ministers 
    16 Mar 1939 - 28 Apr 1939  Rudolf Beran (acting)              (b. 1887 - d. 1954)Mil/Non-party
    28 Apr 1939 - 28 Sep 1941  Alois Eliás                        (b. 1890 - d. 1942)  NS
    28 Sep 1941 - 19 Jan 1945  Jaroslav Krejcí                    (b. 1892 - d. 1956)  NS
                                 (acting to 19 Jan 1942)
    19 Jan 1945 -  8 May 1945  Richard Bienert                    (b. 1881 - d. 1949)  NS 

    Secretary of State for Bohemia - Moravia
    15 Apr 1939 - 20 Aug 1943  Karl Hermann Frank                 (s.a.)               NSDAP
    Reichs minister and Minister of State for Bohemia-Moravia
    20 Aug 1943 -  8 May 1945      Karl Hermann Frank                 (s.a.)               NSDAP  

    Chief of Civil Administration in Bohemia
    15 Mar 1939 - 15 Apr 1939  Konrad Henlein                     (b. 1898 - d. 1945)  NSDAP
    Chief of Civil Administration in Moravia
    15 Mar 1939 - 15 Apr 1939  Josef Bürckel                      (b. 1895 - d. 1944)  NSDAP

    Party abbreviations: NS = Národního Sourucenství (National Union, only authorized Czech 
    political organization 1939-1945); NSDAP = Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei (National Socialist German Worker's Party, Nazi fascist, German nationalist)


    Sudetenland
    [Sudeten Germans flag]
       1918 - 1 Oct 1938 Sudeten German Flag
    Map of Sudetenland
    Capital: Reichenberg (Liberec)
    (1938-1945)
    Population: 542,500 (1939)

    29 Oct 1918                German communities begin to proclaim union with German Austria¹
                                 (not recognized by the Czechs or by the Allies).
    Nov/Dec 1918               Incorporated into Czechoslovakia.
     1 Oct 1938                Sudetenland annexed by Germany.
     1 May 1939                Reichsgau Sudetenland created.
     4 May 1945                Re-incorporated into Czechoslovakia.

    Military governor
     1 Oct 1938 - 20 Oct 1938  Wilhelm Keitel                     (b. 1882 - d. 1946)
    Reichskommissar
    21 Oct 1938 -  1 May 1939  Konrad Henlein                     (b. 1898 - d. 1945)  SdP/NSDAP
    Reichsstatthalter
     1 May 1939 -  4 May 1945  Konrad Henlein                     (s.a.)               NSDAP

    Party abbreviation: NSDAP = Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei (National Socialist German Worker's Party, Nazi fascist, German nationalist, only legal party 1938-45); 
    SdP = Sudetendeutsche Partei (Sudeten German Party, German fascist, Sudeten regionalist,
    est.1933 as Sudetendeutsche Heimatfront [Home Front], 1935 renamed SdP, 11 Dec 1938 merged into NSDAP)

    Böhmerwaldgau

    30 Oct 1918                Böhmerwaldgau, the region Bohemian Forest/South Bohemia,
                                 proclaimed a district (kreis) of the existing Austrian
                                 Land of Oberösterreich. 
    28 Nov 1918                Czech conquest.

    Kreishauptmann
    30 Oct 1918 - 28 Nov 1918  Friedrich Wichtl                   (b. 1872 - d. 1922)

    Deutschböhmen

    29 Oct 1918                Deutschböhmen, the regions North and West Bohemia,
                                 proclaimed a Land of the German Austrian State.
    16 Dec 1918                Czech conquest of the last principal city Reichenberg.

    Landeshauptleute
    29 Oct 1918 -  6 Nov 1918  Rafael Pacher                      (b. 1857 - d. 1936)
     6 Nov 1918 - 16 Dec 1918  Rudolf Ritter von Lodgman von Auen (b. 1877 - d. 1962)
                                (continued in exile first at Zittau
                                 in Saxony, then in Vienna to 24 Sep 1919)

    Sudetenland

    30 Oct 1918                Sudetenland, the regions North Moravia and Austrian Silesia,
                                 proclaimed a Land of the German Austrian State.
    18 Dec 1918                Czech conquest of the principal city Troppau.

    Landeshauptmann
    30 Oct 1918 - 18 Dec 1918  Robert Freissler                   (b. 1877 - d. 1950)

    Südmähren

    30 Oct 1918                Südmähren (South Moravia), the region of the same name, 
                                 proclaimed a district (kreis) of the existing Austrian
                                 Land of Niederösterreich.
    16 Dec 1918                Czech conquest of the principal city Znaim.

    Kreishauptmann
    30 Oct 1918 - 16 Dec 1918  Oskar Teufel                       (b. 1880 - d. 1946)

     ¹German enclaves in the interior (like Brünn, Iglau, and Olmütz) also proclaimed their union with German Austria, but were immediately occupied by the Czechs.

    Slovak Socialist Republic: see Slovakia




    ©2000  Ben Cahoon