Aerobic capacity (VO2max) for any species is a key factor regarding their RBC production and the ... more Aerobic capacity (VO2max) for any species is a key factor regarding their RBC production and the associated hemoglobin that is carried within the red blood cells. Hemoglobin (Hb) is vital for oxygen transport, in which animals oriented towards athletically-inclined nature will need more oxygen to fulfill their physiological functions, therefore needing more hemoglobin, and more erythrocytes (RBCs) to draw from. Within this study, there was an essential comparison between species that are highly active, with high aerobic capacity and those that were sedentary, or moved very little in comparison, with low aerobic capacity. The study had hypothesized that species that were of low aerobic capacity would have lower RBC counts and lower hemoglobin determinations, while those that were of higher aerobic capacity would have higher RBC counts. The study had predicted the horse and dog species would have the highest counts within the respective parameters of the study, while the sheep and bovine species would have the lowest counts. These postulations ended up being for the most part true, besides for a few of the test where the bovine remained an outlier. The literature and recent studies that are of similar nature have concluded very analogous results within their findings, suggesting that this study was properly approached and executed.
The primary objective of the study was to determine which phyla the organisms could be respective... more The primary objective of the study was to determine which phyla the organisms could be respectively categorized by due to their various body plans. The organisms could be grouped into 8 different phyla categories through the 10 different established phyla criterion, and from there we could distinguish that many organisms that were similar in anatomy or phyla criterion shared the same phyla class. In conclusion we determined that the results were coherent with the hypothesis as each sub-grouping through phyla criterion represented a separate phylum that could only be distinguished through the present phyla characteristics. With the results conclusively reflecting that body plan variation of organisms and the phyla in which are used for the organisms categorization within cladistics are systemically intertwined on macro-evolutionary levels, displaying the value of variation in body plan and phylum.
The studies primary objective was to establish whether there was a difference in ciliary activity... more The studies primary objective was to establish whether there was a difference in ciliary activity upon immersion in the aqueous smoke extracts from filtered and non-filtered cigarettes. The result was that there was indeed a difference in ciliary activity. The cilia’s BPM reduction was much more substantial within the specimen when immersed in aqueous extracts from a non-filtered cigarette than in comparison with the control of seawater as well as aqueous smoke extracts from the filtered cigarette. The BPM of the cilia immersed within the seawater was greater than that of the specimen immersed within the non-filtered cigarette aqueous extracts, however it is to no degree as detrimental as the non-filtered extract. This observation deduces the principle idea that smoking a cigarette without a filter has much more of a substantial effect on the ciliary activity, and likewise that there are similar, yet less substantial impediments of ciliary activity within the process of smoking cigarettes with filters opposed to not smoking at all. In over all aspects of the study, the results were very consistent with the predictions and proposed hypothesis of impeded ciliary activity which allow it remain highly complimentary in regards to studies conducted with similar parameters and goals such as those highlighted throughout this paper.
Height preference of blow flies is an important aspect when surveying an area for a forensic inve... more Height preference of blow flies is an important aspect when surveying an area for a forensic investigation or surveying flies within a general context. Blow flies have been proven to have particular preferences when landing around the carrion in which they are attracted to. This study implemented a 3 day long, choice vs. no-choice system using 3 separate sites, each trap site varying within the context of height, with 4 separate sticky traps at each in attempts to recognize and observe the trending patterns for height preference. Utilizing the 3 sites to expose a sufficient control allows a fully applicable testing method for the hypothesis, which was proven to be true. The studies emphasis remains in the fact that there is clearly a height preference for the blow flies, and any time there is a high trap/high area of foliage present and not a low trap/low foliage area, there will likely be little to no blow flies around, regardless of carrion being within the immediate vicinity.
Aerobic capacity (VO2max) for any species is a key factor regarding their RBC production and the ... more Aerobic capacity (VO2max) for any species is a key factor regarding their RBC production and the associated hemoglobin that is carried within the red blood cells. Hemoglobin (Hb) is vital for oxygen transport, in which animals oriented towards athletically-inclined nature will need more oxygen to fulfill their physiological functions, therefore needing more hemoglobin, and more erythrocytes (RBCs) to draw from. Within this study, there was an essential comparison between species that are highly active, with high aerobic capacity and those that were sedentary, or moved very little in comparison, with low aerobic capacity. The study had hypothesized that species that were of low aerobic capacity would have lower RBC counts and lower hemoglobin determinations, while those that were of higher aerobic capacity would have higher RBC counts. The study had predicted the horse and dog species would have the highest counts within the respective parameters of the study, while the sheep and bovine species would have the lowest counts. These postulations ended up being for the most part true, besides for a few of the test where the bovine remained an outlier. The literature and recent studies that are of similar nature have concluded very analogous results within their findings, suggesting that this study was properly approached and executed.
The primary objective of the study was to determine which phyla the organisms could be respective... more The primary objective of the study was to determine which phyla the organisms could be respectively categorized by due to their various body plans. The organisms could be grouped into 8 different phyla categories through the 10 different established phyla criterion, and from there we could distinguish that many organisms that were similar in anatomy or phyla criterion shared the same phyla class. In conclusion we determined that the results were coherent with the hypothesis as each sub-grouping through phyla criterion represented a separate phylum that could only be distinguished through the present phyla characteristics. With the results conclusively reflecting that body plan variation of organisms and the phyla in which are used for the organisms categorization within cladistics are systemically intertwined on macro-evolutionary levels, displaying the value of variation in body plan and phylum.
The studies primary objective was to establish whether there was a difference in ciliary activity... more The studies primary objective was to establish whether there was a difference in ciliary activity upon immersion in the aqueous smoke extracts from filtered and non-filtered cigarettes. The result was that there was indeed a difference in ciliary activity. The cilia’s BPM reduction was much more substantial within the specimen when immersed in aqueous extracts from a non-filtered cigarette than in comparison with the control of seawater as well as aqueous smoke extracts from the filtered cigarette. The BPM of the cilia immersed within the seawater was greater than that of the specimen immersed within the non-filtered cigarette aqueous extracts, however it is to no degree as detrimental as the non-filtered extract. This observation deduces the principle idea that smoking a cigarette without a filter has much more of a substantial effect on the ciliary activity, and likewise that there are similar, yet less substantial impediments of ciliary activity within the process of smoking cigarettes with filters opposed to not smoking at all. In over all aspects of the study, the results were very consistent with the predictions and proposed hypothesis of impeded ciliary activity which allow it remain highly complimentary in regards to studies conducted with similar parameters and goals such as those highlighted throughout this paper.
Height preference of blow flies is an important aspect when surveying an area for a forensic inve... more Height preference of blow flies is an important aspect when surveying an area for a forensic investigation or surveying flies within a general context. Blow flies have been proven to have particular preferences when landing around the carrion in which they are attracted to. This study implemented a 3 day long, choice vs. no-choice system using 3 separate sites, each trap site varying within the context of height, with 4 separate sticky traps at each in attempts to recognize and observe the trending patterns for height preference. Utilizing the 3 sites to expose a sufficient control allows a fully applicable testing method for the hypothesis, which was proven to be true. The studies emphasis remains in the fact that there is clearly a height preference for the blow flies, and any time there is a high trap/high area of foliage present and not a low trap/low foliage area, there will likely be little to no blow flies around, regardless of carrion being within the immediate vicinity.
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