Marmor Parium, Chronicle
Marmor Parium, translated by Gillian Newing (2001), copyright the Ashmolean Museum, used with their gracious permission. This text has 244 tagged references to 97 ancient places.; Wikidata ID: Q547179; Trismegistos: authorwork/253 [Open Greek text in new tab]
§ 1 [From all the records and general accounts] I have recorded [the previous times], beginning from Cecrops becoming first king of Athens, until [____] uanax was archon in Paros, and Diognetus in Athens.
§ 2 From when Cecrops became king of Athens and the place was called Cecropia, which had previously been called Actica from Actaeus who was native there, 1318 years.
§ 3 From when Deucalion became king near Parnassus in Lycoreia when Cecrops was king of Athens, 1310 years.
§ 4 From when there was a dispute at Athens between Ares and Poseidon, because of Poseidon's son Halirrhothius, and the place was called the Hill of Ares, 1268 years, when Cr[ana]os was king of Athens.
§ 5 From when there was a flood in the time of Deucalion, and Deucalion fled the waters from Lycoreia to Athens to [Cranaos] and [founded the temple of Olympian Zeu[s, and] made offerings for his deliverance, 1265 years, when Cranaos was king of Athens.
§ 6 From [when Amphi]ctyon son of Deucalion became king in Thermopylae and brought together those living round about the [tem]ple and named them [Amphictyons], and [sacrificed on their behalf], where the Amphictyons even now still make offerings, 1258 years, when Amphictyon was king of Athens.
§ 7 From when Hellen the [son of] Deuc[alion] became king of [Phthi]otis, and those previously called Greeks were named Hellenes, and [the Panath__ games____], 1257 [years], when Amphictyon was king of Athens.
§ 8 From when Cadmus the son of Agenor came to Thebes [_____and] built the Cadmeia, 1255 years, when Amphictyon was king of Athens.
§ 9 From when _____nices became king, 1252 years, when Amphictyon was king of Athens.
§ 10 From when [the first fifty-oared] ship [ prepared by Danaus] sailed from Egypt to Greece and was called a penteconter, and the daughters of Danaus, _____ and _____ and Helike and Archedike, chosen by lot by the rest, [founded the temple of Lindian Athene] and made offerings on the headland ____ in Lindos in Rhodes, 1247 years, [when Erichthonios] was king [of Athens ].
§ 11 [From when] at the time of the first Panathenaia, [Erich]thonius yoked up a chariot and showed how to race, and [gave] the Athenians [their name, and the statue/glory] of the Mother of the Gods appeared at Cybela, and Hyagnis the Phrygian first invented the Phrygian flute in ______, and first played [the music c]alled Phrygian, and other styles of the Mother, of Dionysus, of Pan and _______, 1242 years, when Erychthonius, who yoked horses to a chariot, was king of Athens.
§ 12 From when Minos [the first became king of Crete and settled [Apollo/Kydo]nia, and iron was discovered in Ida, by Celmis [and Damnameneus] of the Idaean Dactyls, [____ years], when Pandion was king of Athens.
§ 13 From when Demeter, coming to Athens, [invented] the seed corn, and the [first festival of ploughing time was celebrated, under the instruction of T]riptolemus, son of Celeus and Neaira, 1146 years, when Erechtheus was king in Athens.
§ 14 From when Tripto[lemus reaped the corn which] he sowed in the Rarian plain called Eleusis, 1[1]45 years, when [Erechtheus] was king of Athens.
§ 15 [From when Orpheus ____] made known his own poetry, the rape of Kore and the search of Demeter and [the seed created by her and the mult]itude of those receiving the corn, 1135 years when Erechtheus was king of Athens.
§ 16 when Eumolpus _____] instituted the mysteries in Eleusis and made known the works of the [father of M]ousaios, [11______, when Erechthe]us son of Pandion [was king of Athens ].
§ 17 when there was the first purification________ [____ years], when Pandion son of Cecrops was king of Athens.
§ 18 when in Eleusis the gymnastic [games]____________ the festival of Lycaean Zeus took place in Arcadia and _____ of Lycaon were given to the Hell[enes, ____ years] when Pandion son of Cecrops was king of Athens.
§ 20 From when there was [a shortage] of crops at Athens and, to the Athenians consulting the oracle, Apollo replied that they should promise whatever [penalty] Minos should think right, 1031 years, when Aegeus was king of Athens.
§ 21 From when Thes[eus, becoming king] of Athens, brought the 12 townships into one and gave them government and democracy, ______ of Athens, and after killing Sinis he established the Isthmian games, 995 years.
§ 22 From [the invasion] of the Amazons [into Attica, 99]2 [years], when Theseus was king of Athens.
§ 23 From when the Argives [march]ed [against The]bes with Adras[tus] and [founded] the games [at Nemea because of Archemorus, ] 987 years, when Theseus was king of Athens.
§ 24 From when the [Helle]nes marched against Troy, 954 years, in the 13th year that [Men]estheus was king of Athe[ns].
§ 25 From when Troy was taken, 945 years, in the {2}2nd year that [Menesthe]us was king of Athens, on the 7th day before the end of the month Th[argelio]n.
§ 26 From [the trial] on the Areopagus of Orestes, son of A[gamemnon, and Erigone, ] daughter of [Ae]gisthus, [on behalf of Ae]gisthus and Cly[taemnestra]; which case Orestes won, [since the votes were equal]; [9]44 years, when Demophon was king of Athens.
§ 28 From when Ne[l]eus colonised [Miletus and all the] rest of [Ioni]a, Ephesus, Erythrae, Clazomenae, P[ri]ene, Lebedos, Teos, Colophon, Myus, [Phocaia ], Samos, [Chios, and] the [Pan]ioni[an] games took place, [8]13 years, when Me[nestheus was king] of Athens [for the 13th year].
§ 30 From when Homer the poet appeared, 643 years, when [D]iognetus was king of Athens.
§ 31 when Ph[ei]don the Argive made public meas[ures and] prepared [wei]ghts and made a silver coinage in Aigina
§ 32 , being the 11th from Heracles, 631 years, when [Pherecl]es was king of Athens.
§ 33 when Archias son of Euagetus, being the tenth from Temenus, led the emigration from Corinth [and founded] Syracuse[, ____ years], when Aeschylus was in his 21st year as king of Athens.
§ 34 From when the annual archonship began, 420 years.
§ 35 From when _________ 418 years, when Lysia[des] was archon at Athens.
§ 36 From when Terpander the Lesbian, son of Derdenes, [made innovations] in the conventions of [lyre playing] _____ and changed the earlier style of music, 381 years, when Dropides was archon at Athens.
§ 37 From when A[lyatte]s became king of the Lydians, [3]41years, when Aristocles was archon at Athens.
§ 38 when Sappho sailed from Mytilene to Sicily, fleeing _______, when the first Critias was [archon] at Athens, and in Syracuse the big landowners [gamoroi] were in power.
§ 39 [From when] the Am[phict]yons [sacrificed] after defeating Kyrrha, and the gymnastic contest was set up with a money prize from the spoils, [32]7 years, when Simon was archon at Athens.
§ 40 From when the contest for the wreath was established [at Delphi ] again, 318 years, when the second Damasias was archon at Athens.
§ 41 when in Ath[en]s the [chorus of] comic [actors] was instituted, which the Icarians [first set up] and Sousarion invented, and a prize was first set of an arsichos of figs and a measure of wine, [______years, when _____ was archon at Athens.] ______.
§ 42 From when Peisistratus became tyrant of Athens, 297 years, when Comeus was archon [at Athens ].
§ 43 From when Croesus [sent envoys from] Asia [to] Delphi, [29]2 [years], when Euthydemus was archon at Athens.
§ 44 From when Cyrus king of the Persians took Sardis and Croesus ____, [277 years, when _____ was archon at Athens, and] also Hipponax the iambic poet [lived] about this time.
§ 45 when Thespis the poet, who brought out a play in the city, was the first to (speak in dialogue), and (the prize) of a goat was established, 2[7___] years, when _______naius the earlier was archon at Ath[ens].
§ 46 From when after the death of the Magian Darius became king of the Persians, [2]56 years, when ________ was archon at Athens.
§ 47 From when Harmodius and [Aristoge]iton kil[led Hippa]rchus [the successor] of Peisistratus, and the Athenians [drove] the Peisistratids outside the [P]elasgian wall, 248 years, when Ha[rpactides] was archon at Athens.
§ 48 From when choruses of men first competed, which contest Hypo[di]cus the Chalcidian won as trainer, 246 years, when Lysagoras was archon at Athens.
§ 49 From when Me[lan]ippid[es] of M[elos won] at Athens, 231 years, when Pythocritus was archon at Athens.
§ 50 From when the Athenians fought at Marathon against the Persians, and Ar[taphernes the] nephew of Darius, [and Da]tis the general, which battle the Athenians won, 227 years, when the second [Ph]ain[i]p[pid]es was archon at Athens. Aeschylus the poet fought in this battle, aged 35.
§ 51 From when Simonides the grandfather of Simonides the poet, who was himself a poet too, took the prize at Athens, and Darius dies and Xerxes his son is king, [2]26 years, when Aristeides was archon at Athens.
§ 52 From when Aeschylus the poet first won with a tragedy, and Euripides the poet was born, and Stesichorus the poet [arrived] in Greece, 222 years, when Philocrates was archon in Athens.
§ 53 From when Xerxes lashed together the bridge in the Hellespont and dug through Athos, and the battle in Thermo[py]lae took place, and the sea battle of the Hellenes against the Persians around Salamis, in which battle the Hellenes were victorious, 217 years, when Calliades was archon in Athens.
§ 54 From when the battle of the Athenians at Plataea took place against Mardonius the general of Xerxes, which battle the Athenians won, and Mardonius died in the battle, and [in] Sicily fire erupted around Etna, 216 years, when Xanthippus was archon in Athens.
§ 55 From when G[e]lon the son of Deinomenes became tyrant of S[yracuse] 215 years, when Timosthen[es] was archon in Athens.
§ 56 From when Simonides of Kos, who was the son of Leoprepes, and who invented a system of mnemonics, trained actors and won a prize at Athens, and the statues of Harmodius and Aristogeiton were put up, 21[3] years, when [A]deimantus was archon in Athens.
§ 57 From when Hieron became tyrant of Syracuse, 208 years, when Cha[r]es was archon at Athens. Epicharmus the poet too was about this time.
§ 58 From when Sophocles of Colonus, son of Sophillus, won with a tragedy at the age of 28, 206 years, when Apsephion was archon at Athens.
§ 59 From when the stone fell in Aegospotami, and Simonides the poet died at the age of 90, 205 years, when Theagenides was archon in Athens.
§ 60 From when Alexander died and his son Perdiccas is king of the Macedonians, 19[9] years, when Euthippus was archon in Athens.
§ 61 From when Aeschylus the poet, having lived for 69 years, died in [Gel]a in Sicily, 193 years, when Callias the earlier was archon at Athens.
§ 62 From when Euripides first won with a tragedy at the age of 44, 1[79] years, when Diphilus was archon in Athens. Socrates and Anaxagoras lived about the time of Euripides.
§ 63 From when Archelaus is king of the Macedonians after the death of Perdiccas, 1[57] years, when Astyphilus was archon at Athens.
§ 64 From when Dionysius became tyrant of Syracuse, 14[7] years, when Euctemon was archon at Athens.
§ 65 From when Euripides died [having lived for 7_ years, ] 145 years, when Antigenes was archon at Athens.
§ 66 From when Sophocles the poet died, having lived 92 years, and Cyrus went inland, [143 years], when Callias the earlier was archon at Athens.
§ 67 From when Telestes of Selinus won at Athens, 139 years, when Mikon was [arch]on at Athens.
§ 68 From when [the Hellenes who] had gone inland [with] Cyrus [came down to the coast], and Socrates the philosopher died at 70 years of age, 137 years, when Laches was archon at Athens.
§ 69 From when Ar[i]sto[nous_____ won] at Athens, 135 years, when Aristocrates was archon at Athens.
§ 70 when Polyidos of Selymbria won with a dithyramb at Athens, 1[__] years, [______ was archon at Athens ].
§ 71 [From] when Philoxenus the dithyrambist dies, aged 55, 116 years, when Pytheus was archon at Athens.
§ 72 From when Anaxandrides the comic [playwright won at Athens, 113 years, ] when Callias [was archon] at Athens.
§ 73 From when Astydamas won at Athens, 109 years, when Asteius was archon at Athens. Then too [the temple at Delphi ] burned down.
§ 74 [From when the battle at Leuctra ] took place between the Thebans and the Lacedemonians, which battle the Thebans won, 107 years, when Phrasicleides was archon at Athens. And A[myntas dies and Alexander his son] is king [of the Macedonians].
§ 75 when Stesichorus the second, of Himera, won at Athens and Megalopolis was built [in Arcadia, 10___ years, when ______ was archon at Athens.
§ 76 From when Dionysios of Sicily died and his son Dionysius became tyrant, and after Alexander [died Ptolemy of Alorus] is king [of the Macedonians, ] 104 years, when Nausigenes was archon at Athens.
§ 77 From when the Phocians [seized the oracle] in Delphi [_____, 102 years, ] when Cephisodorus [was archon at Athe]ns.
§ 79 when Philip son of Amyntas] is king of the [Ma]cedonians, and Artaxerxes died and his son Ochus [is king, ________ years, when _______ was archon in Athens ].
§ 80 [From when _______] won [in Athens ], 93 years, when Agathocles was archon in Athens.
§ 81 [From when _____ happened], 91 years, when Callist[rates] was archon in Athens _____ wise ______ of this.
§ 82 when _____, ____ [years], when _____ was archon [at Athens ].
§ 83 _____________ [Philip died] and Ale[xander] is king, 72 years, when Pythodelus was archon at Athens.
§ 84 From when Alexander marched against the Triballoi and Illyrians, and when the Thebans rose up and besieged the garrison, he came back, took the city by force, and destroyed it; 71 years, when Euainetus was archon in Athens.
§ 85 From Alexander's crossing into Asia and the battle near the Granicus, and from the battle of Alexander against Darius at Issos, 70 years, when Ctesicles was archon at Athens.
§ 86 From when Alexander seized Phoenicia and Cyprus and Egypt, 69 years, when Nicocrates was archon at Athens.
§ 87 From the battle of Alexander against Darius near Arbela, which Alexander won. And Babylon was taken, and he dismissed the allies, and Alexandria was founded, 68 years, when Niketus was archon at Athens.
§ 88 From when Callippus demonstrated astrology, and Alexander took Darius and hanged Bessus, 66 years, when Aristophon was archon at Athens.
§ 89 From when Philemon the comic dramatist won, 64 years, when Euthycrites was archon at Athens and the city Hellenis was founded near the Tanais.
§ 90 From the death of Alexander and Ptolemy's gaining control of Egypt, 60 years, when Hegesius was archon at Athens.
§ 91 From the war around Lamia which the Athenians fought against Antipater, and the sea battle which the Macedonians fought against the Athenians around Amorgos, which the Macedonians won, 59 years, when Cephisodorus was archon at Athens.
§ 92 From when Antipater took Athens and Ophelas, sent by Ptolemy, took Cyrene, 58 years, when Philocles was archon at Athens.
§ 93 From when Antigonus crossed into Asia and Alexander was buried in Memphis and Perdiccas died after marching into Egypt, and Craterus, and also Aristotle the sophist aged 50, 57 years, when Archippus was archon at Athens and Ptolemy journeyed into Cyrene.
§ 94 From the death of Antipater, and the withdrawal of Cassander from Macedonia and from the siege in Cyzicus by Aridaius, and from when Ptolemy took Syria and Phoenicia, 55 years, when Apollodorus was archon at Athens. And in that same year the Syracusans chose Agathocles as commander in chief of the Sicilian defences.
§ 95 From the sea battle between Cleitus and Nicanor around the temple of the Chalcedonians, and from when Demetrius made laws at Athens, 53 years, when Demogenes was archon at Athens.
§ 96 From when Cassander came back into Macedonia, and Thebes was built and Olympias died and Cassandreia was founded and Agathocles became tyrant of Syracuse, 52 years, when Democleid[es] was archon at Athens. Menander the comic dramatist first won the prize at Athens then.
§ 97 From when Sosiphanes poet dies [aged] 45, 49 years, when Theophrastus was archon at Athens.
§ 98 From the eclipse of the sun and when Ptolemy
§ 99 From when Nicocreon died and Ptolemy seizes the island, 47 years, when Si[moni]des was archon at Athens.
§ 100 From when Alexander the son of Alexander] dies and also the other, Heracles, born of the daughter of Artabazus, and Agathocles crossed into Carchedon _______4]6 [years], when Hieromnemon was archon at Athens.
§ 101 From when the city Lysimacheia was founded, and Ophelas ______ into [Ca]rch[edon_______] and Ptolemy his son was born in Kos, and Cleopatra died in Sardis [_________, 45 years, when Demetrius [was archon at A]thens.
§ 102 From when Demetrius the son of Antigonus besieged the Peiraeus and took it, [and Demetrius of Phalerum was exiled from Athens, 44 years, when] Cairimus [was archon] at Athens.
§ 103 From when Demetrius razed Mounychia and took Cyprus and Phill______ [4]3 [years, ] when Anaxicrates was archon at Athens.
§ 104 From when Sosiphanes the poet was [born and _______ 42 years, when C]oroibus [was archon at Athens.]
§ 105 From the siege of Rhodes and from when [Pt]olemy succee[ded] to the throne, [41 years, when Euxenippus was archon at Athens.]
§ 106 [From the] earthquakes that occurred in Ionia, and when Demetrius took Chalc[is] on agreed terms, and _______of [De]metrius, 40 years, when Pherecles was archon in Athens.
§ 107 From when the [comet] appeared, and Lysimach[us crossed to Asia, 39 years, when Leostratus was archon at Athens.]
§ 108 [From] when Cassander and Demetrius split up _________ Cassan[d]er _______ di[ed], 38 [years], when Nicocles was archon at Athens.
§ 109 [From when_______ of Deme]trius ________going up into Chalcis, and the Athenians_______ Cas[sander ___________] Ptolemy_________35 years, [when Euctemon was archon at Athens.]