Advances in Environmental Engineering and Green Technologies, 2019
In the European Union (EU), the use of fossil fuels brings several disadvantages, as they are the... more In the European Union (EU), the use of fossil fuels brings several disadvantages, as they are the main culprits responsible for pollutants and GHG emissions. The increasing demand for sustainable fuels leads to the research of alternative technologies, such as biogas production from lignocellulosic materials. Therefore, the acquisition of biomass from marginal areas under Danish conditions has been evaluated in terms of alternative harvesting equipment: an automated robot (Grassbot) versus a regular tractor for key grass materials used for biogas plants (chopped, unchopped, and baled grass) and compared regarding operational, economical, and environmental performances. The evaluation uses two operations models (IRIS and DRIFT) to consider the field characteristics, machinery characteristics, etc. Selected results show that in terms of fuel consumption, chopping, and mowing are the most demanding operations, and that there is no significant difference between the harvesting equipment...
The Multi-Layer Stream Mapping (MSM) methodology addresses current challenges regarding the appli... more The Multi-Layer Stream Mapping (MSM) methodology addresses current challenges regarding the applicability of Lean Thinking concepts in the domain of sustainability assessment tools. Therefore, MSM aims to assess the overall performance of a production system, while evaluating the productivity and efficiency of resource utilization as well as evaluate the costs related to missuses and inefficiencies and other process and domains variables. This paper highlights the benefits arising from the application of the MSM methodology in a real industrial case regarding the injection moulding process, namely fostering the quantification of the efficiency of different resources streams, for its improvement, for the several production processes involved. So, it is explained how MSM can contribute for a more sustainable production system with a continuously increasing productivity.
International Congress on Applications of Lasers & Electro-Optics, 2002
ABSTRACT Laser welding has an incrising role in the automotive industry, namely on the sub-assemb... more ABSTRACT Laser welding has an incrising role in the automotive industry, namely on the sub-assemblies manufacturing. Several sheet-shape parts are laser welded, on a dissimilar combination of thicknesses and materials, and are afterwards formed (stamped) being transformed in a vehicle body component. In this paper low carbon CO2 laser welding, on the thicknesses of 1,25 and 0,75 mm, formability investigation is described. There will be a description of how the laser welded blanks behave in different forming tests, and the influence of misalignment and undercut on the formibility. The quality is evaluated by measuring the limit strain and limit effective strain for the laser welded sheets and the base material, which will be presented in a forming limit diagram.A soldadura laser assume um papel cada vez mais importante na indústria automóvel, principalmente para a fabricação de sub-conjuntos constituídos por varias partes de chapa de diferentes espessuras (e diferentes materiais), que depois de estampados constituem um componente para integrar num veículo. Descreve-se neste artigo o trabalho de investigação de enformabilidade de chapa de ac.o de baixo carbono soldada por laser de CO2, nas espessuras de 1,25 e 0,75 mm. Apresenta-se uma descrição do comportamento das chapas soldadas por laser em diferentes testes de enformação, e a influência dos defeitos das soldaduras (desalinhamento e queda do banho-undercut) no comportamento à enformação. A qualidade é avaliada pela medição da extensão limite e da extensão limite efectiva no material base e no material soldado, que serão representadas num diagrama de limite de enformabilidade.
The purpose of this paper is to examine the existing models in the literature and analyze whether... more The purpose of this paper is to examine the existing models in the literature and analyze whether they are suited for the SMEs' needs, as well as to propose the development of a methodology for SMEs to successfully approach and implement Industry 4.0. It begins with an introduction to Industry 4.0 and its meaning, followed by what are maturity models and why are they important. A literature review of Industry 4.0 maturity and readiness models and an analysis of their suitability to SMEs are made. The steps required to build a methodology guide SMEs to approach Industry 4.0 and implement it, are proposed.
This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the ad... more This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the addition of a cover page and metadata, and formatting for readability, but it is not yet the definitive version of record. This version will undergo additional copyediting, typesetting and review before it is published in its final form, but we are providing this version to give early visibility of the article. Please note that, during the production process, errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain.
The MAESTRI Total Efficient Framework (MTEF) is a recent holistic concept that congregates four c... more The MAESTRI Total Efficient Framework (MTEF) is a recent holistic concept that congregates four complementary dimensions: Efficiency Framework; IoT Platform; Management System and Industrial Symbiosis. MTEF promotes the development of strategies for continuous performance improvement towards a more sustainable manufacturing. The Efficiency Framework supports the integrated assessment of operations efficiency and eco-efficiency, being measured by a new concept: Total Efficiency Index (TEI). The simultaneous assessment of the environmental, economic and efficiency performance of complex production systems is only possible with a digitalized production system, which is aligned with Industry 4.0 paradigm. Thus, with TEI original dashboards and graphical diagram, both static and dynamic assessments of efficiency vs. eco-efficiency can be analyzed. This paper details the fundaments of the Efficiency Framework and TEI, and presents an application case study from the metalworking sector, where the achieved results are discussed for the new concept validation.
Despite the myriad of possibilities and applications of additive manufacturing (AM) technology, k... more Despite the myriad of possibilities and applications of additive manufacturing (AM) technology, knowledge about the social impacts of this technology is very scarce and very limited in some areas. This paper explores how factors generated by the development of AM technology may create social impacts, affecting the health and social well-being of people, quality of life, working conditions, and the creation of wealth. This paper presents the results of an exploratory multiple case study conducted among four Portuguese organizations that use AM technology, aiming to determine their perceptions regarding the social impacts of AM, its effects, and causes. The results confirm that AM technology is mainly seen to create positive impacts on health and safety (regarding physical hazards), on expectations for the future, on leisure and recreation, on low disruption with the local economy, on economic prosperity, on the professional status, and on innovative employment types. Nevertheless, a ...
Abstract The main objective of this paper is to compare an emergent technology of manufacturing t... more Abstract The main objective of this paper is to compare an emergent technology of manufacturing three-dimensional contoured thermoplastic sandwich structures with two technologies commonly used to produce similar components. The Life Cycle Engineering principles are applied to this case aiming at basing the selection on the economic and environmental life cycle performance of the alternatives. The approach integrates those two dimensions with an engineering perspective on technical and functional performance allowing to relate the product design and involved technology with the required resources and impacts generated. The analysis framework takes advantage of the use of process-based models endorsing sensitivity analysis of crucial technological, production and supply-chain parameters. The integration of functional, environmental and economic performance on a life cycle perspective in a single best-solutions space, for a specific business scenario, is a contribution to the methodology of life cycle engineering that fosters the adoption of more informed approaches in the manufacturing technologies selection.
In recent years, the Twin-Transition reference model has gained notoriety as one of the key optio... more In recent years, the Twin-Transition reference model has gained notoriety as one of the key options for decarbonizing the economy while adopting more sustainable models leveraged by the Industry 4.0 paradigm. In this regard, one of the most relevant challenges is the integration of data-driven approaches with sustainability assessment approaches, since overcoming this challenge will foster more agile sustainable development. Without disregarding the effort of academics and practitioners in the development of sustainability assessment approaches, the authors consider the need for holistic frameworks that also encourage continuous improvement in sustainable development. The main objective of this research is to propose a holistic framework that supports companies to assess sustainability performance effectively and more easily, supported by digital capabilities and data-driven concepts, while integrating improvement procedures and methodologies. To achieve this objective, the research...
This work responds to the gap in integrating the Internet-of-Things in Continuous Improvement pro... more This work responds to the gap in integrating the Internet-of-Things in Continuous Improvement processes, especially to facilitate diagnosis and problem-solving activities regarding manufacturing workstations. An innovative approach, named Automatic Detailed Diagnosis (ADD), is proposed: a non-intrusive, easy-to-install and use, low-cost and flexible system based on industrial Internet-of-Things platforms and devices. The ADD requirements and architecture were systematized from the Continuous Improvement knowledge field, and with the help of Lean Manufacturing professionals. The developed ADD concept is composed of a network of low-power devices with a variety of sensors. Colored light and vibration sensors are used to monitor equipment status, and Bluetooth low-energy and time-of-flight sensors monitor operators’ movements and tasks. A cloud-based platform receives and stores the collected data. That information is retrieved by an application that builds a detailed report on operato...
Assessing eco-efficiency performance of a production system is of great importance, since such as... more Assessing eco-efficiency performance of a production system is of great importance, since such assessment enables one to make an informed decision concerning economic and environmental performance of elementary systems within industrial productions systems. The framework presented in this paper is based on the eco-efficiency principles and four cornerstones i) Data inventory, ii) Environmental performance evaluation, iii) Environmental impact assessment and iv) Cost models/Value data. The Eco-Efficiency Integrated Methodology for Production Systems (ecoPROSYS) approach relies on the use of a systematized and organized set of indicators easy to understand/analyse promoting continuous improvement and a more efficient use of resources and energy. The goal is to assess eco-efficiency performance in order to support decision and enable the maximization of product/processes value creation and minimization of environmental burdens. The methodology was applied to a Medium Density Fibreboard (MDF) finishing line. The results of the study intend to validate the applicability of ecoPROSYS. The case study showed that the cutting and the feeding table have superior eco-efficiency performance while packing and sanding have lower eco-efficiency performance. The presented framework is a powerful tool that can be used to identify and quantify key variables, assess alternative scenarios, evaluate environmental aspects, environmental influence and assess unit processes and overall eco-efficiency performance.
Portuguese automotive industry began at sixties of last century, mainly based on CKD (Components ... more Portuguese automotive industry began at sixties of last century, mainly based on CKD (Components Knock Down) assembly plants. Since then a long process of technological, engineering and organizational development has taken place and, ...
Engineering activities have to be systematically directed towards sustainability. For this, life ... more Engineering activities have to be systematically directed towards sustainability. For this, life cycle engineering (LCE) is a promising approach due to its long-term perspective and consideration of ecological and economic targets. This paper aims at presenting an overview of the stateof-the-art of LCE. In order to create a basis therefore, a LCE taxonomy is build. This taxonomy allows for a structured analysis of identified existing literature concerning intended contribution as well as considered target perspectives, tasks, methods, alternatives, and life cycle phases. Furthermore, selected vistas of the future development of LCE are outlined.
Advances in Environmental Engineering and Green Technologies, 2019
In the European Union (EU), the use of fossil fuels brings several disadvantages, as they are the... more In the European Union (EU), the use of fossil fuels brings several disadvantages, as they are the main culprits responsible for pollutants and GHG emissions. The increasing demand for sustainable fuels leads to the research of alternative technologies, such as biogas production from lignocellulosic materials. Therefore, the acquisition of biomass from marginal areas under Danish conditions has been evaluated in terms of alternative harvesting equipment: an automated robot (Grassbot) versus a regular tractor for key grass materials used for biogas plants (chopped, unchopped, and baled grass) and compared regarding operational, economical, and environmental performances. The evaluation uses two operations models (IRIS and DRIFT) to consider the field characteristics, machinery characteristics, etc. Selected results show that in terms of fuel consumption, chopping, and mowing are the most demanding operations, and that there is no significant difference between the harvesting equipment...
The Multi-Layer Stream Mapping (MSM) methodology addresses current challenges regarding the appli... more The Multi-Layer Stream Mapping (MSM) methodology addresses current challenges regarding the applicability of Lean Thinking concepts in the domain of sustainability assessment tools. Therefore, MSM aims to assess the overall performance of a production system, while evaluating the productivity and efficiency of resource utilization as well as evaluate the costs related to missuses and inefficiencies and other process and domains variables. This paper highlights the benefits arising from the application of the MSM methodology in a real industrial case regarding the injection moulding process, namely fostering the quantification of the efficiency of different resources streams, for its improvement, for the several production processes involved. So, it is explained how MSM can contribute for a more sustainable production system with a continuously increasing productivity.
International Congress on Applications of Lasers & Electro-Optics, 2002
ABSTRACT Laser welding has an incrising role in the automotive industry, namely on the sub-assemb... more ABSTRACT Laser welding has an incrising role in the automotive industry, namely on the sub-assemblies manufacturing. Several sheet-shape parts are laser welded, on a dissimilar combination of thicknesses and materials, and are afterwards formed (stamped) being transformed in a vehicle body component. In this paper low carbon CO2 laser welding, on the thicknesses of 1,25 and 0,75 mm, formability investigation is described. There will be a description of how the laser welded blanks behave in different forming tests, and the influence of misalignment and undercut on the formibility. The quality is evaluated by measuring the limit strain and limit effective strain for the laser welded sheets and the base material, which will be presented in a forming limit diagram.A soldadura laser assume um papel cada vez mais importante na indústria automóvel, principalmente para a fabricação de sub-conjuntos constituídos por varias partes de chapa de diferentes espessuras (e diferentes materiais), que depois de estampados constituem um componente para integrar num veículo. Descreve-se neste artigo o trabalho de investigação de enformabilidade de chapa de ac.o de baixo carbono soldada por laser de CO2, nas espessuras de 1,25 e 0,75 mm. Apresenta-se uma descrição do comportamento das chapas soldadas por laser em diferentes testes de enformação, e a influência dos defeitos das soldaduras (desalinhamento e queda do banho-undercut) no comportamento à enformação. A qualidade é avaliada pela medição da extensão limite e da extensão limite efectiva no material base e no material soldado, que serão representadas num diagrama de limite de enformabilidade.
The purpose of this paper is to examine the existing models in the literature and analyze whether... more The purpose of this paper is to examine the existing models in the literature and analyze whether they are suited for the SMEs' needs, as well as to propose the development of a methodology for SMEs to successfully approach and implement Industry 4.0. It begins with an introduction to Industry 4.0 and its meaning, followed by what are maturity models and why are they important. A literature review of Industry 4.0 maturity and readiness models and an analysis of their suitability to SMEs are made. The steps required to build a methodology guide SMEs to approach Industry 4.0 and implement it, are proposed.
This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the ad... more This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the addition of a cover page and metadata, and formatting for readability, but it is not yet the definitive version of record. This version will undergo additional copyediting, typesetting and review before it is published in its final form, but we are providing this version to give early visibility of the article. Please note that, during the production process, errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain.
The MAESTRI Total Efficient Framework (MTEF) is a recent holistic concept that congregates four c... more The MAESTRI Total Efficient Framework (MTEF) is a recent holistic concept that congregates four complementary dimensions: Efficiency Framework; IoT Platform; Management System and Industrial Symbiosis. MTEF promotes the development of strategies for continuous performance improvement towards a more sustainable manufacturing. The Efficiency Framework supports the integrated assessment of operations efficiency and eco-efficiency, being measured by a new concept: Total Efficiency Index (TEI). The simultaneous assessment of the environmental, economic and efficiency performance of complex production systems is only possible with a digitalized production system, which is aligned with Industry 4.0 paradigm. Thus, with TEI original dashboards and graphical diagram, both static and dynamic assessments of efficiency vs. eco-efficiency can be analyzed. This paper details the fundaments of the Efficiency Framework and TEI, and presents an application case study from the metalworking sector, where the achieved results are discussed for the new concept validation.
Despite the myriad of possibilities and applications of additive manufacturing (AM) technology, k... more Despite the myriad of possibilities and applications of additive manufacturing (AM) technology, knowledge about the social impacts of this technology is very scarce and very limited in some areas. This paper explores how factors generated by the development of AM technology may create social impacts, affecting the health and social well-being of people, quality of life, working conditions, and the creation of wealth. This paper presents the results of an exploratory multiple case study conducted among four Portuguese organizations that use AM technology, aiming to determine their perceptions regarding the social impacts of AM, its effects, and causes. The results confirm that AM technology is mainly seen to create positive impacts on health and safety (regarding physical hazards), on expectations for the future, on leisure and recreation, on low disruption with the local economy, on economic prosperity, on the professional status, and on innovative employment types. Nevertheless, a ...
Abstract The main objective of this paper is to compare an emergent technology of manufacturing t... more Abstract The main objective of this paper is to compare an emergent technology of manufacturing three-dimensional contoured thermoplastic sandwich structures with two technologies commonly used to produce similar components. The Life Cycle Engineering principles are applied to this case aiming at basing the selection on the economic and environmental life cycle performance of the alternatives. The approach integrates those two dimensions with an engineering perspective on technical and functional performance allowing to relate the product design and involved technology with the required resources and impacts generated. The analysis framework takes advantage of the use of process-based models endorsing sensitivity analysis of crucial technological, production and supply-chain parameters. The integration of functional, environmental and economic performance on a life cycle perspective in a single best-solutions space, for a specific business scenario, is a contribution to the methodology of life cycle engineering that fosters the adoption of more informed approaches in the manufacturing technologies selection.
In recent years, the Twin-Transition reference model has gained notoriety as one of the key optio... more In recent years, the Twin-Transition reference model has gained notoriety as one of the key options for decarbonizing the economy while adopting more sustainable models leveraged by the Industry 4.0 paradigm. In this regard, one of the most relevant challenges is the integration of data-driven approaches with sustainability assessment approaches, since overcoming this challenge will foster more agile sustainable development. Without disregarding the effort of academics and practitioners in the development of sustainability assessment approaches, the authors consider the need for holistic frameworks that also encourage continuous improvement in sustainable development. The main objective of this research is to propose a holistic framework that supports companies to assess sustainability performance effectively and more easily, supported by digital capabilities and data-driven concepts, while integrating improvement procedures and methodologies. To achieve this objective, the research...
This work responds to the gap in integrating the Internet-of-Things in Continuous Improvement pro... more This work responds to the gap in integrating the Internet-of-Things in Continuous Improvement processes, especially to facilitate diagnosis and problem-solving activities regarding manufacturing workstations. An innovative approach, named Automatic Detailed Diagnosis (ADD), is proposed: a non-intrusive, easy-to-install and use, low-cost and flexible system based on industrial Internet-of-Things platforms and devices. The ADD requirements and architecture were systematized from the Continuous Improvement knowledge field, and with the help of Lean Manufacturing professionals. The developed ADD concept is composed of a network of low-power devices with a variety of sensors. Colored light and vibration sensors are used to monitor equipment status, and Bluetooth low-energy and time-of-flight sensors monitor operators’ movements and tasks. A cloud-based platform receives and stores the collected data. That information is retrieved by an application that builds a detailed report on operato...
Assessing eco-efficiency performance of a production system is of great importance, since such as... more Assessing eco-efficiency performance of a production system is of great importance, since such assessment enables one to make an informed decision concerning economic and environmental performance of elementary systems within industrial productions systems. The framework presented in this paper is based on the eco-efficiency principles and four cornerstones i) Data inventory, ii) Environmental performance evaluation, iii) Environmental impact assessment and iv) Cost models/Value data. The Eco-Efficiency Integrated Methodology for Production Systems (ecoPROSYS) approach relies on the use of a systematized and organized set of indicators easy to understand/analyse promoting continuous improvement and a more efficient use of resources and energy. The goal is to assess eco-efficiency performance in order to support decision and enable the maximization of product/processes value creation and minimization of environmental burdens. The methodology was applied to a Medium Density Fibreboard (MDF) finishing line. The results of the study intend to validate the applicability of ecoPROSYS. The case study showed that the cutting and the feeding table have superior eco-efficiency performance while packing and sanding have lower eco-efficiency performance. The presented framework is a powerful tool that can be used to identify and quantify key variables, assess alternative scenarios, evaluate environmental aspects, environmental influence and assess unit processes and overall eco-efficiency performance.
Portuguese automotive industry began at sixties of last century, mainly based on CKD (Components ... more Portuguese automotive industry began at sixties of last century, mainly based on CKD (Components Knock Down) assembly plants. Since then a long process of technological, engineering and organizational development has taken place and, ...
Engineering activities have to be systematically directed towards sustainability. For this, life ... more Engineering activities have to be systematically directed towards sustainability. For this, life cycle engineering (LCE) is a promising approach due to its long-term perspective and consideration of ecological and economic targets. This paper aims at presenting an overview of the stateof-the-art of LCE. In order to create a basis therefore, a LCE taxonomy is build. This taxonomy allows for a structured analysis of identified existing literature concerning intended contribution as well as considered target perspectives, tasks, methods, alternatives, and life cycle phases. Furthermore, selected vistas of the future development of LCE are outlined.
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