Heliconius

Heliconius demeter

Heliconius numata

Taxonavigation

Taxonavigation: Papilionoidea

Superregnum: Eukaryota Cladus: Unikonta Cladus: Opisthokonta Cladus: Holozoa Regnum: Animalia Subregnum: Eumetazoa Cladus: Bilateria Cladus: Nephrozoa Cladus: Protostomia Cladus: Ecdysozoa Cladus: Panarthropoda Phylum: Arthropoda Cladus: Pancrustacea Cladus: Allotriocarida Subphylum: Hexapoda Classis: Insecta Cladus: Dicondylia Subclassis: Pterygota Infraclassis: Neoptera Cladus: Eumetabola Cladus: Holometabola Superordo: Panorpida Cladus: Amphiesmenoptera Ordo: Lepidoptera Subordo: Glossata Cladus: Coelolepida Cladus: Myoglossata Cladus: Neolepidoptera Infraordo: Heteroneura Cladus: Eulepidoptera Cladus: Ditrysia Cladus: Apoditrysia Cladus: Obtectomera Superfamilia: Papilionoidea

Familia: Nymphalidae
Subfamilia: Heliconiinae
Tribus: Heliconiini
Genus: Heliconius
Species: H. antiochus – H. aoede – H. astraea – H. atthis – H. besckei – H. burneyi – H. charithonia – H. clysonymus – H. congener – H. cydno – H. demeter – H. doris – H. egeria – H. eleuchia – H. elevatus – H. erato – H. ethilla – H. godmani – H. hecale – H. hecalesia – H. hecuba – H. hermathena – H. heurippa – H. hierax – H. himera – H. hortense – H. insolitus – H. ismenius – H. lalitae – H. leucadia – H. longarena – H. luciana – H. melpomene – H. metharme – H. metis – H. nattereri – H. numata – H. pardalinus – H. peruvianus – H. ricini – H. sapho – H. sara – H. telesiphe – H. timareta – H. tristero – H. wallacei – H. xanthocles

Name

Heliconius Kluk 1780

Type species: Papilio charithonia Linnaeus, 1767

Synonymy

• Heliconius Linnaeus, 1758: 465. "Ghost name..." per Hemming, 1967: 210.
• Heliconius Latreille, 1804
• Migonitis Hübner, 1816 (preocc. Migonitis Rafinesque, 1815)
• Sunias Hübner, 1816
• Sicyonia Hübner, 1816
• Ajantis Hübner, 1816
• Apostraphia Hübner, 1816
• Heliconia Latreille, 1818 (emend.)
• Laparus Billberg, 1820
  • Type species: Papilio doris Linnaeus, 1771.
• Crenis Hübner, 1821
• Phlogris Hübner, [1825]
• Podalirius Gistel, 1848 (preocc. Latreille, 1802, repl. name)
• Blanchardia Buchecker, 1880 (preocc. Blanchardia Castelnau, 1875)
• Neruda Turner, 1976
  • Type species: Nereis aoede Hübner, 1818. by original designation.

References

• Attal, S, 1999. New Neotropical Nymphalidae (Lepidoptera, Rhopalocera). Bulletin de la Société entomologique de France 104(4): 369–374. Reference page. 
• Bálint, Zs., C.S. Guppy, N.G. Kondla; K. Johnson & Ch.J. Durden, 2001. Plebeius Kluk, 1780 or Plebejus Kluk, 1802? (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae). Folia Entomologica Hungarica 62: 177-184. Reference page. 
• Brévignon, C. 1996. Description d'un nouvel Heliconius provenant de Guyane Française (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae). Lambillionea 96(3): 467–470. Reference page. 
• Brower, A.V.Z. 2018. Alternative facts: a reconsideration of putatively natural interspecific hybrid specimens in the genus Heliconius (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae). Zootaxa 4499(1): 1–87. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4499.1.1 pdf Reference page. 
• Brown, K.S. & H. Holzinger, 1973. The Heliconians of Brazil (Lepidoptera:Nymphalidae). Part IV. Systematics and biology of Eueides tales Cramer, with description of a new subspecies from Venezuela. Zeitschrift der Arbeitsgemeinschaft Österreichischen Entomologen 24: 44-65. Reference page. 
• Brown, K.S., 1973. The Heliconians of Brazil (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae). Part V. Three new subspecies from the Mato Grosso and Rondonia. Bulletin of the Allyn Museum 13: 1–19. PDF. Reference page. 
• Brown Jr., K.S. & Benson, W.W. 1975. West Colombian biogeography. Notes on Heliconius hecalesia and H. sapho (Nymphalidae). Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society 29(4): 199–212. Full article (PDF).. Reference page. 
• Brown, K.S., 1975: The Heliconians of Brazil (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae). Part VI. Aspects of the biology and ecology of Heliconius demeter with description of four new subspecies. Bulletin of the Allyn Museum 26: 1–19. Reference page. 
• Brown, K.S., 1975: Geographical patterns in Neotropical Lepidoptera. Systematics and derivation of known and new Heliconiini (Nymphalidae: Nymphalinae). Journal of Entomology. Series B, Taxonomy, 44 (3): 201–242. Reference page. 
• Brown, K.S., 1976. An illustrated key to the Silvaniform Heliconius (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) with description of new subspecies. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 102 (3): 373-484. Reference page. 
• Brown, K.S. & Fernández Yépez, F. 1984.Los Heliconiini (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae) de Venezuela. Boletín de Entomología Venezolana 3(4): 29-73. Reference page. 
• Comstock, W.P. & Brown, F.M. 1950. Geographical variation and subspeciation in Heliconius charitonius Linnaeus (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae). American Museum Novitates 146: 1–21. PDF. Reference page. 
• Freitas, A.V.L., Ramos, R.R., Silva-Brandão, K.L., Coutouné, N., Magaldi, L.M., Pablos, J.L., Rosser, N. & Brown Jr., K.S. 2019c. A New Subspecies of Heliconius hermathena (Nymphalidae: Heliconiinae) from Southern Amazonia. Neotropical Entomology 48: 467–475. DOI: 10.1007/s13744-018-0658-8. . Reference page. 
• Hemming, A.F. 1967. The generic names of the butterflies and their type species (Lepidoptera: Rhopalocera). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) 1967, Suppl. 9: 1–509. Reference page. 
• Holzinger, H. & R. Holzinger, 1975. Heliconius demeter ucayalensis, eine neue Subspezies aus Peru (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae). Zeitschrift der Arbeitsgemeinschaft Österreichischen Entomologen 26(1): 29–30. Reference page. 
• Kluk, K. 1780. Zwierzat historyi naturalney Poczatki i gospodarstwo, 4. – Warsaw, Xiezy Piiarów, [01] + 502 pp + 4 double plates. Reference page. 
• Kozak, K.M., Wahlberg, N., Neild, A.F.E., Dasmahapatra, K.K., Mallet, J., & Jiggins, C.D., 2015: Multilocus Species Trees Show the Recent Adaptive Radiation of the Mimetic Heliconius Butterflies. Systematic Biology 64(3): 505–524.
• Lamas, G. 1976. Notes on Peruvian Butterflies (Lepidoptera). II. New Heliconius (Nymphalidae) from Cusco and Madre de Dios. Revista Peruana de Entomologia 19(1): 1–7. Full article (PDF). Reference page. 
• Lamas, G. 1997. Comentarios taxonómicos y nomenclaturales sobre ninfalidos neotropicales (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae), con la descripción de ocho subespecies nuevas. Revista Peruana de Entomologia 40(1): 111–125. full article (PDF}. Reference page. 
• Lamas, G. 2004. (ed.) Checklist: Part 4A. Hesperioidea - Papilionoidea. In Heppner, J.B. (ed.) Atlas of Neotropical Lepidoptera. Vol.5A, Pt.4A. Assn. for Tropical Lepidoptera/Scientific Publishers, Gainesville. 439pp. Reference page. 
• Moreira, G.R.P. & C.G.C. Mielke, 2010. A new species of Neruda Turner, 1976 from northeast Brazil (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Heliconiinae: Heliconiini). Nachrichten des Entomologische Verein Apollo 31(1/2): 85–91. Reference page. 
• Neukirchen, W.M. 1990. Ein neuer Heliconius aus Venezuela (Lepidoptea: Nymphalidae). Entomologische Zeitschrift 100(16): 310–312. Reference page. 
• Neukirchen, W.M. 1990. Eine neue subspecies von Heliconius demeter Staudinger aus Brasilien (Lepidoptea: Nymphalidae). Entomologische Zeitschrift 100(12): 230–232. Reference page. 
• Neukirchen, W.M., 1991: Polymorphie und Systematik von Heliconius longarena Hewitson (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae). Entomologische Zeitschrift 101: 33–44.
• Neukirchen, W.M., 1991: Heliconius egeria mariasibyllae subsp. nov. von Pará, Brazil (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae). Atalanta 22 (2/4): 87–92.
• Neukirchen, W.M., 1992: Three new Heliconius from territory of Amazonas in Venezuela and remarks other forms (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae). Entomologische Zeitschrift 102 (18): 321–331.
• Neukirchen, W.M., 1993: Heliconius (Neruda) aoede centurius n. subsp., eune neue unterart aus Franzözisch Guayana. (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae). Entomologische Zeitschrift 104 (18): 353–357.
• Neukirchen, W.M., 1994: Heliconius sara williami n. subsp. von Trinidad (West Indies) (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae). Entomologische Zeitschrift 104 (8): 141–144.
• Neukirchen, W.M., 1995: Vier neue unterarten von Heliconius burneyi (Hübner, 1816). (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae). Atalanta 26 (1/2): 201–208.
• Neukirchen, W.M., 1995: Heliconius demeter titan n. subsp., eine bemerkenswerte neue unterart aus Zentral Amazonien. (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae). Entomologische Zeitschrift 105 (3): 52–56.
• Neukirchen, W.M., 1996: Two new subspecies of Heliconius leucadia Bates, 1862 (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae). Entomologische Zeitschrift 106 (7): 279–283.
• Neukirchen, W.M., 1997: Two new subspecies from Brazil (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae). Entomologische Zeitschrift 107 (6): 217–222.
• Neukirchen, W.M., 1997: Heliconius demeter neildi a new subspecies from East Ecuador (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae). Entomologische Zeitschrift 107 (9): 357–361.
• Neukirchen, W.M., 1997: Two new Heliconiinae from Oriental Ecuador (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae). Entomologische Zeitschrift 107 (11): 482–487.
• Neukirchen, W.M., 2000: Two new subspecies of Ecuadorian Heliconiinae (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae). Entomologische Zeitschrift 110 (5): 141–143.
• Orellana, A.M., 2006: A remarkable new subspecies of Heliconius Kluk from northeastern Venezuela (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae). Revista Peruana de Entomologia 45: 71–74. Full article: [1].

Vernacular names

中文: 釉蛺蝶屬