Essentials of Human Anatomy & Physiology Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Slides 7.63 – 7.75 Seventh Edition Elaine.

Presentation on theme: "Essentials of Human Anatomy & Physiology Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Slides 7.63 – 7.75 Seventh Edition Elaine."— Presentation transcript:

1 Essentials of Human Anatomy & Physiology Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Slides 7.63 – 7.75 Seventh Edition Elaine N. Marieb Chapter 7 The Nervous System Lecture Slides in PowerPoint by Jerry L. Cook

2 Spinal Nerves Slide 7.63 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings  There is a pair of spinal nerves at the level of each vertebrae for a total of 31 pairs  Spinal nerves are formed by the combination of the ventral and dorsal roots of the spinal cord  Spinal nerves are named for the region from which they arise

3 Spinal Nerves Slide 7.64 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 7.22a

4 Anatomy of Spinal Nerves Slide 7.65 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings  Spinal nerves divide soon after leaving the spinal cord  Dorsal rami – serve the skin and muscles of the posterior trunk  Ventral rami – forms a complex of networks (plexus) for the anterior Figure 7.22b

5 Examples of Nerve Distribution Slide 7.66 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 7.23

6 Autonomic Nervous System Slide 7.67 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings  The involuntary branch of the nervous system  Consists of only motor nerves  Divided into two divisions  Sympathetic division  Parasympathetic division

7 Differences Between Somatic and Autonomic Nervous Systems Slide 7.68a Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings  Nerves  Somatic – one motor neuron  Autonomic – preganglionic and postganglionic nerves  Effector organs  Somatic – skeletal muscle  Autonomic – smooth muscle, cardiac muscle,and glands

8 Differences Between Somatic and Autonomic Nervous Systems Slide 7.68b Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings  Nerurotransmitters  Somatic – always use acetylcholine  Autominic – use acetylcholine, epinephrine, or norepinephrine

9 Comparison of Somatic and Autonomic Nervous Systems Slide 7.69 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 7.24

10 Anatomy of the Sympathetic Division Slide 7.70 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings  Originates from T 1 through L 2  Ganglia are at the sympathetic trunk (near the spinal cord)  Short pre-ganglionic neuron and long postganglionic neuron transmit impulse from CNS to the effector  Norepinephrine and epinephrine are neurotransmitters to the effector organs

11 Sympathetic Pathways Slide 7.71 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 7.26

12 Anatomy of the Parasympathetic Division Slide 7.72 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings  Originates from the brain stem and S 1 through S 4  Terminal ganglia are at the effector organs  Always uses acetylcholine as a neurotransmitter

13 Anatomy of the Autonomic Nervous System Slide 7.73 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 7.25

14 Autonomic Functioning Slide 7.74a Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings  Sympathetic – “fight-or-flight”  Response to unusual stimulus  Takes over to increase activities  Remember as the “E” division = exercise, excitement, emergency, and embarrassment

15 Autonomic Functioning Slide 7.74b Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings  Parasympathetic – housekeeping activites  Conserves energy  Maintains daily necessary body functions  Remember as the “D” division - digestion, defecation, and diuresis

16 Development Aspects of the Nervous System Slide 7.75a Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings  The nervous system is formed during the first month of embryonic development  Any maternal infection can have extremely harmful effects  The hypothalamus is one of the last areas of the brain to develop

17 Development Aspects of the Nervous System Slide 7.75b Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings  No more neurons are formed after birth, but growth and maturation continues for several years  The brain reaches maximum weight as a young adult