VARIATION AND CLASSIFICATION

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1 VARIATION AND CLASSIFICATION
In This Section We Will Be Studying The Following Topics: What is variation? What is a species? What is continuous and discontinuous variation? What is environmental variation? What can affect variation? How do we inherit variation? How can we classify living things into groups? What is a vertebrate and an invertebrate?

2 SPECIES There are lots of different types of living things in the world. Scientists have found approximately 2 million so far, but there are probably many more. A species is a group of living things with similar features that can breed together to produce offspring. + or Rose Rose Daisy? Rose?

3 Here is the interesting bit!
INTERESTING FACT! Horse + Horse = baby horses BUT! Donkey + Donkey = baby donkeys Here is the interesting bit! Mules and Hinnys cannot breed and make offspring because they are sterile! Breeding a male horse to a female donkey produces a Hinny. Breeding a male donkey to a female horse results in a mule.

4 HOW MANY? Look at the pictures below.
How many different species can you see? There are ten, none of these can breed together.

5 THE SAME SPECIES The animals shown below are all part of the same species. What are the similarities within this species? They have four legs and no arms. Faces with muzzles. They have tails. Covered in hair not fur. They could breed together. We call them DOGS

6 HUMANS. HOW ARE THEY DIFFERENT?
Members of the same species have some differences between them. These differences are called variations. What variations can you see between these different faces? Skin colour, face shape, eye colour, hair colour, mouth shape, nose shape, tattoo or piercing. Did you spot these?

7 INHERITED OR ENVIRONMENTAL?
Variation can be caused by different things. It can be inherited or environmental. Inherited Environmental Variation that is influenced by the living conditions and the surroundings. Variation that comes from the genes passed on from parent to offspring. Fair skin and blue eyes. Tattoos.

8 Look at the information in the table below:
WHICH IS WHICH? Look at the information in the table below: Tick the correct column to show whether variation is inherited, environmental or both. Variation Inherited Environmental Both Blood group. Skin colour. Height. Tongue rolling. Hair colour. Body piercing.

9 WHAT AFFECTS US? Environmental variation can be affected by your culture and the country you live in. How many examples of this sort of variation can you think of? These hairstyles are all different and they make the man and woman look different. Inherited variation can be affected by environmental variation. Footballers are born with some natural talent for the game but they have to practise to make themselves even better.

10 CLASSIFY IT! What did you come up with?
Classification is when we sort living things into groups. Look at the pictures below. How can you classify these living things? What did you come up with? Big things and little things? Moving things? Plants and animals? It is always easier if there is a guide to follow. This is why scientists have invented a system of classification.

11 KINGDOM All living things can be sorted into 5 main groups. These are called Kingdoms. Kingdoms. Animals. Plants Fungi. Prokaryotes Protoctista. Most living things can be classified into the plant kingdom or the animal kingdom.

12 Animals can be classified further into vertebrates or invertebrates.
CLASSIFY ME Animals can be classified further into vertebrates or invertebrates. Vertebrates are animals that have a backbone. Invertebrates are animals that do not have a backbone. Which animal group do these go into? invertebrate vertebrate vertebrate vertebrate invertebrate

13 Vertebrates can be classified into 5 groups:
Complete the table below to show the characteristics of each of these groups. Mammals. Birds. Amphibians. Reptiles. Fish. Body covering. Hair/ furry skin. Soft, moist skin, no scales. Tough skin, scales. How it gets its oxygen. Lungs. Gills. Where it lives. On land. On land and in water. In water. How offspring are produced. Most young born alive. Lay hard eggs in air. Lay soft eggs in water. Lay soft eggs in water. Feathers. Scales. Lungs in air. Dissolved through the skin in water. Mostly on land. Mostly on land. Lay soft eggs that harden in air.

14 CLASS ACT We divide each Kingdom of living things into smaller and
smaller groups. An easy way to remember this order is: King Paul Chews Oranges For Good Skin Kingdom Animal Phylum Chordata Class Mammal Order Carnivore Family Canine Genus Canis Species familiaris Try to learn this rhyme.

15 SCIENTIFIC NAMES Canis familiaris
So, the correct scientific name for a dog is: Canis familiaris This is because: The first part is the Genus name. The second part is the species name. The name for an organism can then be understood by scientists all over the world, whatever language they speak.

16 LET’S THINK For each of the following statements, work out whether it is true or false. A species is a group of living things that can breed together to produce offspring. Inherited variation is caused by your surroundings and your living conditions. Your blood group is inherited from your parents. Learning to read is an example of inherited variation. Vertebrates are animals that do not have a backbone. TRUE FALSE TRUE FALSE FALSE

17 LET’S THINK Humans are classified as animals. Snakes are vertebrates.
For each of the following statements, work out whether it is true or false Humans are classified as animals. Snakes are vertebrates. A snail is a vertebrate. Amphibians live only on land. Reptiles produce offspring by laying eggs. Fish have lungs to breathe with. Mammals suckle their young after they are born. TRUE TRUE FALSE FALSE TRUE FALSE TRUE

18 CHECK YOUR LEARNING What is a species? What is variation?
A species is a group of living things with similar features that can breed together to produce offspring. What is a species? What is variation? What is environmental variation? What is inherited variation? What is a vertebrate? What are the five classes of vertebrate called? Members of the same species have some differences. Variation that is influenced by the living conditions and the surroundings. Variation that comes from the genes passed on from parent to offspring. Vertebrates are animals that have a backbone. Mammals. Birds. Amphibians. Reptiles. Fish.