We report on the observation of nonclassical rotational inertia in solid helium-4 confined to
an annular channel in a sample cell under torsional motion, demonstrating superfluid …

When liquid 4 He is cooled below 2.176 K, it undergoes a phase transition—Bose–Einstein
condensation—and becomes a superfluid with zero viscosity 1 . Once in such a state, it can …

The discovery of the quantum Hall (QH) effect led to the realization of a topological electronic
state with dissipationless currents circulating in one direction along the edge of a two-…

We consider in our work single crystal thin films of Bi 2 Se 3 , grown by molecular beam
epitaxy, both with and without Pb doping. Angle-resolved photoemission data demonstrate …

The fundamental challenge for designing transparent conductors used in photovoltaics,
displays and solid-state lighting is the ideal combination of high optical transparency and high …

The “magnetoelectric effect” arises from the coupling between magnetic and electric properties
in materials. The Z 2 invariant of topological insulators (TIs) leads to a quantized version …

In 2004, Kim and Chan carried out torsional oscillator measurements of solid helium confined
in porous Vycor glass and found an abrupt drop in the resonant period below 200 mK. The …

Thin nanoporous gold (np-Au) films, ranging in thickness from ∼40 to 1600 nm, have been
prepared by selective chemical etching of Ag from Ag/Au alloy films supported on planar …

A quantum anomalous Hall (QAH) state is a two-dimensional topological insulating state
that has a quantized Hall resistance of h/(Ce 2 ) and vanishing longitudinal resistance under …

The growth of metal nanowires using membranes as hard templates is reviewed. The
method provides access to arrays of single-crystal metal nanowires and to quasi-one-dimensional …