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  1. Permitting patients to pay for participation in clinical trials: the advent of the P4 trial.David Shaw, Guido de Wert, Wybo Dondorp, David Townend, Gerard Bos & Michel van Gelder - 2017 - Medicine, Health Care and Philosophy 20 (2):219-227.
    In this article we explore the ethical issues raised by permitting patients to pay for participation (P4) in clinical trials, and discuss whether there are any categorical objections to this practice. We address key considerations concerning payment for participation in trials, including patient autonomy, risk/benefit and justice, taking account of two previous critiques of the ethics of P4. We conclude that such trials could be ethical under certain strict conditions, but only if other potential sources of funding have first been (...)
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  • Donor-funded research: permissible, not perfect.Mike King & Angela Ballantyne - 2019 - Journal of Medical Ethics 45 (1):36-40.
    Donor-funded research is research funded by private donors in exchange for research-related benefits, such as trial participation or access to the trial intervention. This has been pejoratively referred to as ‘pay to play’ research, and criticised as unethical. We outline three models of donor-funded research, and argue for their permissibility on the grounds of personal liberty, their capacity to facilitate otherwise unfunded health research and their consistency with current ethical standards for research. We defend this argument against objections that donor-funded (...)
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  • Ethical implications of medical crowdfunding: the case of Charlie Gard.Gabrielle Dressler & Sarah A. Kelly - 2018 - Journal of Medical Ethics 44 (7):453-457.
    Patients are increasingly turning to medical crowdfunding as a way to cover their healthcare costs. In the case of Charlie Gard, an infant born with encephalomyopathic mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome, crowdfunding was used to finance experimental nucleoside therapy. Although this treatment was not provided in the end, we will argue that the success of the Gard family’s crowdfunding campaign reveals a number of potential ethical concerns. First, this case shows that crowdfunding can change the way in which communal healthcare resources (...)
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