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Ethics in psychotherapy and counseling: a practical guide

San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass. Edited by Melba Jean Trinidad Vasquez & Nayeli Y. Chavez-Dueñas (2007)

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  1. Ethical Challenges for Military Psychologists: When Worlds Collide.Rae Anne M. Frey - 2017 - Ethics and Behavior 27 (4):283-296.
    Despite the mental health needs in the military and improved access to military psychologists, many in need do not seek psychological services. The military policies, culture, and environment pose considerable barriers to help seeking. In turn, military practices often conflict with the psychologist’s professional ethics, leading to a range of ethical dilemmas including multiple relationships, multiple agencies, and limited confidentiality. To address ethical concerns and encourage service members to seek mental health services, this article proposes maintaining an understanding of military (...)
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  • Ethically Problematic Value Change as an Outcome of Psychotherapeutic Interventions.Stefan Jadaszewski - 2017 - Ethics and Behavior 27 (4):297-312.
    Values nonpaternalism—the ethical imperative to avoid imposing values onto clients—is implicit in most widely used ethical frameworks employed by psychotherapists. Although changes in client values may represent desired psychotherapeutic outcomes, some such changes may be ethically problematic. Interventions are characterized by values paternalism when they are intended to promote client welfare but are accompanied by impositions against client values. Providers and consumers of psychotherapy may routinely lack awareness of this consideration. Psychotherapists may have a duty to be informed about ethically (...)
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  • Ethical Considerations for Psychologists Taking a Public Stance on Controversial Issues: The Balance Between Personal and Professional Life.Angela M. Haeny - 2014 - Ethics and Behavior 24 (4):265-278.
    Previous literature has documented the general issues psychologists often face while balancing their personal and professional lives. The struggle stems from attempting to satisfy the need to maintain a life outside of work while having the professional obligation to follow the American Psychological Association’s (APA’s) Ethical Principles of Psychologists and Code of Conduct (Ethics Code) to prevent their personal lives from interfering with their professional roles and relationships. The present article analyzes the subject of psychologists taking a public position on (...)
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  • National Survey of Client's Perceptions of Chinese Psychotherapist Practices.Jing-Bo Zhao, Jian-Lin Ji, Fang Tang, Qing-Yun Du, Xue-Ling Yang, Zhen-Zhi Yang, Yan-Fei Hou & Xiao-Yuan Zhang - 2012 - Ethics and Behavior 22 (5):362 - 377.
    The present study is a cross-sectional survey that investigates ethical practices among Chinese psychotherapists from the perspective of a large representative sample of Chinese clients (N?=?1,100). In reports from clients, we found that psychotherapists did poorly in providing informed consent and had other ethical difficulties in the therapeutic setting and with dual relationships. We conclude that Chinese culture, especially Confucianism, had significant impact on the attitudes toward the psychotherapists' ethical practices, which complicated ethical dilemmas. It is important for cross-cultural psychotherapists (...)
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  • Counselors' experiences with problematic dual relationships.Tracey Nigro - 2004 - Ethics and Behavior 14 (1):51 – 64.
    The British Columbian members of the Canadian Guidance and Counselling Association were surveyed to explore their attitudes regarding dual relationships. Of 529 deliverable surveys, 206 usable returns yielded a response rate of 39%. Participants were asked to provide incidents of problematic dual relationships and to discuss the problematic aspect(s) of these dual relationships. Respondents provided a total of 110 useable incidents with 165 associated problematic aspects. Many respondents provided data not directly related to the original questions, which were also analyzed. (...)
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  • Emerging Practices of Counseling and Psychotherapy in China: Ethical Dilemmas in Dual Relationships.Jing Deng, Mingyi Qian, Yiqun Gan, Sherlyn Hu, Jun Gao, Zheng Huang & Lili Zhang - 2016 - Ethics and Behavior 26 (1):63-86.
    A qualitative study was conducted with 48 Chinese counselors and psychotherapists who were interviewed in 2006 and an independent sample of 50 participants who responded to a survey in 2014. This study aims to explore how the new emerging expansion of mental health practice is related to issues and challenges of dual role relationship and how the well-engrained values and social characteristics of Chinese culture influences perceptions and resolution of ethical dilemmas. The participants identified similar dual relationships in 2006 and (...)
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  • Language as an Instrument of Soteriological Transformation from the Madhyamaka Perspective.Yao-Ming Tsai - 2014 - Asian Philosophy 24 (4):330-345.
    Buddhist teachings and practices can be viewed as a journey of soteriological transformation, where language, as a tool for the analysis of views, occupies a place of special significance and importance. This article examines how the concept of non-duality, from the Madhyamaka perspective, has served as a powerful rhetorical device with the explicit aim of fostering soteriological transformation. Among the various expressions representative of the Madhyamaka perspective, two are particularly explored in this article for their facilitation of soteriological transformation: the (...)
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  • How does clients' method of payment influence psychologists' diagnostic decisions?Amy M. Kielbasa, Andrew M. Pomerantz, Emily J. Krohn & Bryce F. Sullivan - 2004 - Ethics and Behavior 14 (2):187 – 195.
    To what extent does payment method (managed care vs. out of pocket) influence the likelihood that an independent practitioner will assign a Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (American Psychiatric Association, 1994) diagnosis to a client? When a practitioner does diagnose, how does payment method influence the specific choice of a diagnostic category? Independent practitioners responded to a vignette describing a fictitious client with symptoms of depression or anxiety. In half of the vignettes, the fictitious client intended to pay (...)
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  • Sexting and mandatory reporting: ethical issues in youth psychotherapy.Danielle Nelson, Tilman Schulte, Wendy Packman & E. L. Bunge - 2021 - Ethics and Behavior 31 (3):205-214.
    ABSTRACT Engaging in sexting, such as sending or receiving of sexual words, pictures, or videos via technology, is a common behavior in minors and a rising trend. This study aimed to understand the ethical dilemmas that clinicians face when working with minors that engage in sexting under current mandated reporting standards. For this study, 178 graduate students and licensed clinicians who work with minors in the state of California completed an online survey involving vignettes concerning issues of sexting behaviors in (...)
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  • Ethical Considerations for Clinicians Treating Victims and Perpetrators of Intimate Partner Violence.Kristin D. McLaughlin - 2017 - Ethics and Behavior 27 (1):43-52.
    Intimate partner violence, a subcategory of domestic abuse, is a prevalent national health concern that many clinicians will face during their careers. It is important that clinicians become aware of the numerous ethical considerations that are relevant to this population. The existing literature has not yet examined the ethical issues faced by clinicians working with IPV clients through the lens of the most recent American Psychological Association ethics code. This article provides a brief overview of the historical context and the (...)
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  • Integrating emotion and other nonrational factors into ethics education and training in professional psychology.Yesim Korkut & Carole Sinclair - 2020 - Ethics and Behavior 30 (6):444-458.
    Any professional or scientific discipline has a responsibility to do what it can to ensure ethical behavior on the part of its members. In this context, this paper outlines and explores the criticism that to date the emphasis in ethics training in professional psychology, as with other disciplines, has been on the rational elements of ethical decision making, with insufficient attention to the role of emotions and other nonrational elements. After a brief outline of some of the historical background to (...)
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  • Dual Relationship Activities: Principal Component Analysis of Counselors' Attitudes.Tracey Nigro - 2003 - Ethics and Behavior 13 (2):191-201.
    The British Columbian Members of the Canadian Guidance and Counselling Association were surveyed to explore their attitudes regarding dual relationships. Of 529 deliverable surveys, 206 usable returns yielded a response rate of 39%. The survey instrument collected data regarding respondents' characteristics and ethicality ratings of 39 dual relationship activity items. An exploratory principal components analysis was performed on responses, resulting in a 4-factor equation, which accounted for 44% of the total variance. The results suggest that, although conceptual considerations of dual (...)
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  • What If Prospective Clients Knew How Managed Care Impacts Psychologists' Practice and Ethics? An Exploratory Study.Andrew M. Pomerantz - 2000 - Ethics and Behavior 10 (2):159-171.
    Modal responses to items from a recent survey of independent practitioners regarding the impact of managed care on their practices and ethics were presented to participants as the responses of a hypothetical independent practitioner. Participants were asked to consider seeing this hypothetical practitioner both before and after being informed of the practitioner's responses to the managed care survey. Results indicate that when participants were informed of the practitioner's views toward managed care, their own attitudes toward therapy changed significantly. Specifically, compared (...)
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  • Treatment of Sexual Minority Youth: Ethical Considerations for Professionals in Psychology.Alex R. Dopp - 2013 - Ethics and Behavior 23 (1):16-30.
    Treatment of sexual minority youth presents psychologists with a number of challenging ethical considerations. The APA Ethics Code is a valuable resource for addressing these issues, but psychologists require additional guidance in order to provide ethical treatment. This article provides relevant background, an overview of the ethical considerations of treating sexual minority youth, and recommendations to improve upon the current state of awareness and available resources. Psychologists must continually strive to improve our understanding of ethical decisions around treatment, training, and (...)
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  • Ethical Principles and Standards That Inform Educational Gatekeeping Practices in Psychology.Kimberly E. Bodner - 2012 - Ethics and Behavior 22 (1):60 - 74.
    Educational gatekeeping functions in psychology serve to assess, remediate, and/or dismiss students and trainees with problematic professional competencies (STPPC). Recently, professional psychology graduate programs have increasingly focused on problems with professional competency, and they have begun to implement formal procedures to intervene with STPPC (Rubin et al., 2007). However, there has been considerably less literature addressing the ethics and ethical considerations of instituting these gatekeeping functions, especially in different stages of education and training in psychology. The American Psychological Association (APA; (...)
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  • The influence of payment method on psychologists' diagnostic decisions: Expanding the range of presenting problems.Jennifer Lowe, Andrew M. Pomerantz & Jon C. Pettibone - 2007 - Ethics and Behavior 17 (1):83 – 93.
    Previous research (Kielbasa, Pomerantz, Krohn, & Sullivan, 2004; Pomerantz & Segrist, 2006) indicates that when psychologists consider a client with symptoms of depression or anxiety, payment method significantly influences diagnostic decisions. This study extends the scope of the previous research to consider clients with symptoms of social phobia and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Psychologists in independent practice responded to vignettes of clients whose descriptions deliberately included subclinical impairment. Half of the participants were told that the clients would pay via (...)
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  • An Exploratory Study: Perceptions of Ethical Behaviors Among Psychologists Practicing in the Caribbean.Jacqueline A. Conley - 2013 - Ethics and Behavior 23 (5):396-409.
    A sample of 44 psychologists who practice in the Caribbean completed a web-based survey containing 73 behavioral items related to ethical issues in professional practice. The aim of this exploratory study was to learn about perceptions regarding ethical behaviors that create ethical dilemmas and the level of agreement to their responses and to identify how demographic variables influenced their perceptions of ethical behaviors. Findings suggest that there was approximately an equal level of agreement on behaviors such as being an advocate (...)
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  • How Impaired Is Too Impaired? Ratings of Psychologist Impairment by Psychologists in Independent Practice.Jonathan C. Pettibone, Daniel J. Segrist, Andrew M. Pomerantz & Bailey E. Williams - 2010 - Ethics and Behavior 20 (2):149-160.
    Although psychologist impairment has received attention from researchers, there is a paucity of empirical data aimed at determining the point at which such impairment necessitates action. The purpose of this study was to provide such empirical data. Members of Division 42 ( n = 285) responded to vignettes describing a psychologist whose symptoms of either depression or substance abuse varied across five levels of severity. Results identified specific levels of impairment at which psychologists were deemed too impaired to practice psychotherapy, (...)
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  • Elder Abuse: Ethical and Related Considerations for Professionals in Psychology.Emily M. Scheiderer - 2012 - Ethics and Behavior 22 (1):75 - 87.
    Elder abuse presents difficult ethical considerations that the field of psychology has yet to sufficiently address. As demographics and sociocultural factors shift in the coming decade, this deficit in ethical competence may become an increasingly serious problem. Although legal definitions of elder abuse lack uniformity and clarity, there is much room for improvement in the field of psychology. Ethical considerations most relevant to professionals in psychology draw heavily on the principles of beneficence and nonmaleficence and respect for people's rights and (...)
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  • The ethics of interrogation and the American Psychological Association: A critique of policy and process.Brad Olson, Stephen Soldz & Martha Davis - 2008 - Philosophy, Ethics, and Humanities in Medicine 3:3.
    The Psychological Ethics and National Security (PENS) task force was assembled by the American Psychological Association (APA) to guide policy on the role of psychologists in interrogations at foreign detention centers for the purpose of U.S. national security. The task force met briefly in 2005, and its report was quickly accepted by the APA Board of Directors and deemed consistent with the APA Ethics Code by the APA Ethics Committee. This rapid acceptance was unusual for a number of reasons but (...)
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  • The influence of payment method on psychologists' diagnostic decisions regarding minimally impaired clients.Andrew M. Pomerantz & Dan J. Segrist - 2006 - Ethics and Behavior 16 (3):253 – 263.
    Are psychotherapy clients who pay via health insurance more likely to receive Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed. [DSM-IV], American Psychiatric Association, 1994) diagnoses than identical clients who pay out of pocket? Previous research (Kielbasa, Pomerantz, Krohn, & Sullivan, 2004) indicates that when psychologists consider a mildly depressed or anxious client, payment method significantly influences diagnostic decisions. This study extends the scope of the previous study to include clients whose symptoms are even less severe. Independent practitioners responded (...)
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  • Treatment of Deaf Clients: Ethical Considerations for Professionals in Psychology.Cassandra L. Boness - 2016 - Ethics and Behavior 26 (7):562-585.
    Providing therapy to deaf clients raises important ethical considerations for psychologists related to competence; multiple relationships and boundary issues; confidentiality; assessment, diagnosis, and evaluation; and communication and using interpreters. In evaluating and addressing these, psychologists must consider the American Psychological Association’s Ethics Code and other relevant issues necessary to provide ethical treatment. The current article provides background, ethical considerations, principles and standards relevant to the treatment of deaf clients, and recommendations to support psychologists, training programs, and the field. Psychologists have (...)
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  • Professional boundaries and psychotherapy: a review.Avinash De Sousa - 2012 - Bangladesh Journal of Bioethics 3 (2):16-26.
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  • Ethical Judgments of Counselors: Results From a Turkish Sample.Rahsan Sivis-Cetinkaya - 2015 - Ethics and Behavior 25 (5):400-417.
    The present study examined the ethical judgements of Turkish counselors using a translation of the Gibson and Pope ethical judgements survey. Items predominantly judged as ethical and unethical, and group differences regarding gender, taking ethics as a course, professional affiliation, and level of academic degree, were investigated. Chi-square analysis, Fishers’s exact test, and Fisher–Freeman–Halton tests were used in statistical analysis. Results revealed that participants predominantly judged breach of confidentiality in cases of child abuse and potential harm toward oneself or others (...)
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  • Influence of Consultation on Ethical Decision Making: An Analogue Study.Randolph B. Pipes & Mary Bowers - 2000 - Ethics and Behavior 10 (1):65-79.
    Participants were given 3 ethical dilemmas, asked to generate their own solutions, and asked to make judgments about a number of provided alternatives. Students were asked either to make decisions after seeking consultation or to make decisions independently of consultation. There were few significant between-group differences along a number of dimensions including participants' ratings of acceptability of provided alternatives and levels of certainty, justification, and satisfaction with personally generated solutions. For one of the vignettes, individuals using consultation, when compared with (...)
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  • An ethic of possibility: Relationship, risk, and presence.Pamela J. Birrell - 2006 - Ethics and Behavior 16 (2):95 – 115.
    What does it mean to be ethical in psychotherapy? Does adherence to ethical codes and rules make a psychotherapist ethical? This article examines standard ways of thinking about ethics in the field and argues that these ways are inadequate, creating a false dichotomy between the ethical and the clinical, and that they are designed only for formal and contractual relationships, in which psychotherapy is more often personal and affecting. The ethic of care and the approach to ethics of Emmanuel Levinas (...)
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