WO2024012713A1 - Dispositif d'affichage de type lunettes pour afficher une image virtuelle dans un champ de vision de dispositif d'affichage qui peut être complété virtuellement et qui s'effile vers le fond - Google Patents

Dispositif d'affichage de type lunettes pour afficher une image virtuelle dans un champ de vision de dispositif d'affichage qui peut être complété virtuellement et qui s'effile vers le fond Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024012713A1
WO2024012713A1 PCT/EP2022/087458 EP2022087458W WO2024012713A1 WO 2024012713 A1 WO2024012713 A1 WO 2024012713A1 EP 2022087458 W EP2022087458 W EP 2022087458W WO 2024012713 A1 WO2024012713 A1 WO 2024012713A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
display device
view
unit
field
screen unit
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Application number
PCT/EP2022/087458
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Miro Taphanel
Ding LUO
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VIAHOLO GmbH
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Publication date
Application filed by VIAHOLO GmbH filed Critical VIAHOLO GmbH
Publication of WO2024012713A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024012713A1/fr

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/01—Head-up displays
    • G02B27/017—Head mounted
    • G02B27/0172—Head mounted characterised by optical features
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/01—Head-up displays
    • G02B27/0101—Head-up displays characterised by optical features
    • G02B2027/0123—Head-up displays characterised by optical features comprising devices increasing the field of view
    • G02B2027/0125—Field-of-view increase by wavefront division
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/01—Head-up displays
    • G02B27/017—Head mounted
    • G02B2027/0178—Eyeglass type

Definitions

  • Glasses display device for displaying a virtual image in a downwardly tapering field of view of the glasses display device that can be virtually supplemented.
  • the disclosure relates to a glasses display device for displaying a virtual image in a field of view of the glasses display device that can be virtually supplemented for a user, with a a cell-shaped screen unit for emitting light as computer-generated image information, a lens unit for collimating the light emitted by the cell-shaped screen unit and a beam splitter unit for redirecting the collimated light towards the user in a spatial area in which one or two pupils of the user are arranged when the glasses display device is used as intended.
  • a glasses display device for displaying a virtual image can display so-called immersive virtual image content in the natural visual environment of an AR glasses wearer, the user.
  • the degree of immersion depends heavily on the size of the field of view of the glasses, since virtual objects that are displayed do not immediately become invisible and should therefore disappear when the head is turned, since a virtual object that is displayed in a fixed space is out of the field of view of the AR glasses, which can be expanded virtually moves, but the location of the object is still in the user's natural field of vision.
  • AR glasses have a virtually expandable field of vision that corresponds to the natural field of vision of the human eye.
  • AR glasses require optics that image the pixels or image points of the screen, the screen unit used, the AR glasses at a distance that can be focused by the human eye. Without such a lens unit, the pixels would be too close to the eye and could not be perceived.
  • An important factor when designing such an optic is the size of the so-called eye box.
  • the eyebox describes a volume in which the pupil of the human eye must be placed in order to view the screen unit, i.e. the computer-generated image information displayed by it, in a predetermined image quality (resolution, brightness, etc.) that is typically empirically found to be acceptable and correspondingly sufficient to be able to look at it clearly.
  • a large eyebox corresponds to an enlarged numerical aperture of the optics, which means that for a large eyebox, light that is emitted by the respective image points over larger angular ranges is captured and imaged. It is generally known that it is more complex to optimize bright optics, i.e. optics with a high numerical aperture on the imaging side, for large angular ranges. For example, in a microscope, the field of view becomes smaller as the numerical aperture increases.
  • great technical effort i.e. with a large number of lenses, a large field of view can be created even with a high numerical aperture, as shown, for example, by the development of lithography lenses.
  • Another everyday example would be lenses for cameras, for which the greater the light intensity, i.e. the higher the aperture number, the more lenses have to be used in order to technically achieve comparable imaging performance.
  • These examples prove that it is technically demanding to realize a large eyebox (compared to the pupil size), and in particular that the realization of the largest possible field of vision and at the same time the largest possible eyebox must be achieved in a technical compromise to one another.
  • EP 2 751 611 B1 shows an approach to realize a large eyebox from a small exit pupil of the projection optics.
  • the exit pupil of the optics is replicated using multiple reflection in a so-called waveguide and an optical grating, which only partially decouples the light, and is effectively arranged next to each other in two dimensions (area).
  • the total area increases accordingly and thus the area of space in which the user's pupils can be arranged when the AR glasses are used as intended and the virtual image is visible in the desired image quality.
  • the disadvantage of this approach is that: high light loss due to the two-dimensional multiple arrangement.
  • This approach is also referred to as so-called two-dimensional pupil expansion, as an enlarged eyebox is achieved by replicating the small exit pupil of the system, which enables the use of small optics, i.e. arranging them side by side in two dimensions.
  • Another disadvantage of a two-dimensional pupil dilation is that a corresponding area on the waveguide must be provided for this, since the light has to be coupled in, then experiences a first pupil dilation in one dimension, and then a further pupil dilation in a second dimension. No light can then be coupled out in these areas, which is why the virtually supplementable viewing area accessible to the virtual image is correspondingly reduced.
  • AU 2016 314 630 B2 shows another approach to using the eyebox to compensate for eye pupil movements.
  • a measuring system and a mirror deflection system are proposed there to compensate for eye pupil movements by tracking the light in two angular directions.
  • a very small eyebox is designed (which enables small optics), the position of the eye pupils is recorded using sensors and the virtually supplementable visible area of the AR glasses is tracked using kinematics so that all light rays hit the pupil of the eye.
  • the disadvantage here is that complex kinematic optical tracking is necessary.
  • Another disadvantage is that an exact sensory recording of the position and orientation of the eye pupil is necessary.
  • the eyebox is essentially defined as a volume in which certain predetermined brightness requirements and/or certain predetermined imaging requirements such as a minimum resolution or a minimum sharpness are met.
  • the eyebox is always designed or optimized based on the boundary conditions that arise for the maximum viewing angle of the virtually expandable field of view of the glasses display device.
  • the law of inverse proportionality is determined, which means that the larger the virtually expandable field of view of the AR glasses, the smaller the eyebox will be. In principle, the requirement for a minimum eyebox size also limits the size of the field of vision.
  • the present invention is therefore based on the object of providing an improved glasses display device for displaying a virtual image in a field of view of the glasses display device that can be virtually supplemented by a user, which overcomes the disadvantages known from the prior art, in particular enables a higher degree of immersion .
  • the degree of immersion increases with a larger virtually expandable field of vision, decreasing weight and size of the glasses display device, and increasing perceived image quality of the virtual image.
  • the glasses display device has a frame unit, at least one line-shaped screen unit attached to the frame unit for emitting light as computer-generated image information in a substantially vertical direction, which can also be referred to as the first direction, at least one lens unit attached to the frame unit for collimation of the light emitted by the cellular screen unit, and at least one beam splitter unit attached to the frame unit, which is designed as a scanner unit with a fixed scanner frequency for scanning, that is, scanning, a spatial area in which, when used as intended At least one respective pupil of the user is arranged in the glasses display device, with the collimated light.
  • the beam splitter unit is designed to deflect the collimated light towards the user in said spatial area in a substantially horizontal directional area, which can also be referred to as a second directional area.
  • the scanner unit can here comprise several scanning elements, for which a scanning frequency is then preferably predetermined uniformly.
  • the virtually expandable field of view and/or the screen unit and/or the lens unit and/or the beam splitter unit can be designed twice, ie for each eye.
  • the screen unit can also be a combined screen unit, which has dedicated screen areas for each eye, ie screen areas assigned to only one eye.
  • the line-shaped screen unit can be a so-called line display.
  • the screen unit can be larger in its main extension direction, its longitudinal or longitudinal direction, at least by a factor of 10, in particular by a factor of 50, preferably by a factor of 100, particularly preferably by at least a factor of 500, and most preferably at least by a factor of 1000 than in a width direction running transversely to the length direction.
  • the size can be measured in pixels, for example the line-shaped screen unit can have a size of at least 3 x 600 pixels or pixels or at least 30 x 1500 pixels or pixels.
  • a "substantially" predetermined direction can be understood as a predetermined direction up to a predetermined deviation, the predetermined deviation being, for example, at most 15°, preferably at most 7°.
  • a substantially vertical or horizontal direction range the following applies It can include directions which are essentially vertical or horizontal directions.
  • the predetermined deviation can also be more than 10°, for example at most 45° or at most 30°.
  • the horizontal and vertical directions are in this case when the glasses display device is used as intended Earth's gravity field is defined, as well as in the vertical direction above and below and When used as intended, positioned on a user's face looking straight ahead.
  • the beam splitter unit is closer to the screen unit at its upper end than at its lower end.
  • a horizontal width of the virtually expandable field of view is smaller in a lower region in the vertical direction than in an upper region in the vertical direction.
  • the upper area of the field of view is therefore the area of the virtually expandable field of view that is closer to the cellular screen unit and the lens unit.
  • the horizontal width of the virtually expandable field of view can increase monotonically from the lower area to the upper area or at least increase monotonically in sections, as is the case, for example, with a sawtooth profile. If the horizontal width increases in accordance with a sawtooth profile, at least one averaged horizontal width can increase monotonically, for example a horizontal width averaged over two, three or more adjacent sawtooth cycles.
  • the lower area preferably comprises a lower edge of the virtually expandable viewing area.
  • the upper area can include an upper edge of the virtually expandable viewing area, but alternatively also only a middle area of the virtually expandable viewing area, which does not include the upper edge but an area of the virtually expandable viewing area through which a user can see with the eye aligned horizontally (in a horizontal plane of vision without rotation of the eyeball in the vertical direction).
  • the virtually supplementable field of view can have the shape of a trapezoid, the shape of the trapezoid here having two blunt interior angles (in particular >90°) on the lower side of the field of view and thus of the trapezoid and two acute interior angles (in particular ⁇ 90°) on the upper side of the virtually expandable field of view and thus of the trapezoid.
  • the interior angles on the lower side can therefore in particular be larger than the interior angles on the upper side.
  • the upper side in particular an edge that is closer to the cell-shaped screen unit and therefore the upper edge of the virtually expandable field of vision when used as intended
  • the lower side in particular an edge that is further away from the cell-shaped screen unit and thus the lower edge of the field of view that can be virtually supplemented when used as intended
  • the ones from the basic pages Different sides of the virtually expandable field of view can be concave sides or essentially concave sides, whereby a horizontal width of the virtually expandable field of view decreases less in lower sections than in (equally sized) upper sections.
  • Substantially concave sides can have the above-mentioned sawtooth profile.
  • the invention is based on the knowledge that large, virtually expandable fields of view for eyeglass display devices can be realized in an advantageous manner if a horizontally larger field of view is realized for upper image content and a horizontally smaller field of view is accepted for the lower image content, that is, in particular, if the field of view is trapezoidal as described above. It has been shown that by means of such a field of view, in particular a trapezoidal one, a large eyebox is only necessary for a few eye positions compared to conventional formats of the field of view, and a small eyebox is sufficient in particular for the areas with a larger field of view. Consequently, as explained below, an eyebox with a locally varying size can be implemented.
  • a compact, highly efficient lens unit in which a one-dimensional pupil expansion in the form of the beam splitter unit in combination with a line-shaped screen unit is sufficient for a very high degree of immersion.
  • the field of view that tapers downwards, i.e. is smaller in the lower area than in the upper area, means that the largest viewing angles, more precisely the viewing angles with the largest horizontal component, i.e. the largest horizontal viewing angles, are as close as possible to the optics or .Lens unit occur and are captured and imaged by it.
  • Scattered light refers to light rays that are generated by the screen unit but unintentionally overlap with the virtually displayed image content and thus, for example, worsen the contrast.
  • a field of view that tapers as the distance from the screen unit increases, in conjunction with a scanning method, has the advantage that in viewing areas with a smaller viewing angle range it does not required pixels of the screen unit located outside the viewing angle range can be switched off without causing any loss in the virtual image and also without causing scattered light.
  • the downwardly tapering field of view also enables eyeboxes of different sizes locally, the size of the eyeboxes in turn being related to the radiation angle range of the pixels of the cellular screen unit.
  • This connection opens up the possibility of selecting an optimized angular radiation characteristic for the pixels depending on the pixel position by using non-square pixels, for example pixels with optimized side lengths. This in turn reduces scattered light because more light is directed into the usable angle range.
  • the electro-optical efficiency can also be increased in this way.
  • the width does not have to be selected individually at every position, i.e. for each pixel of the screen unit. In fact, it is sufficient to divide the pixels into several groups and then select the same pixel dimensions for each pixel or pixel group, so that the dimensions of the pixels vary from group to group, but are the same within a group.
  • the line-shaped screen unit has at least one series of light sources, in particular LEDs such as micro-LEDs, which have light-emitting surfaces of at least two different dimensions.
  • the light emitting surfaces preferably have at least two length dimensions of different sizes measured in the main extension direction of the cellular screen unit.
  • Particularly preferably, only these length dimensions of the light sources measured in the main extension direction of the cellular screen unit are of different sizes, that is to say a width dimension of the light sources measured transversely to the length dimension is identical for all light sources in a row or all rows.
  • the length dimension can be adjusted individually for each light source, so that the length dimension changes along the row from light source to light source.
  • the approach of groups of light sources is more practical and easier to produce, with the light sources in a group having the same length dimensions, but the length dimensions can vary from group to group, as described below for an advantageous embodiment.
  • This can be combined with the down
  • the degree of immersion can be improved by tapering the field of view, in particular due to the influence of the light source dimensions on the compact time of the lens unit and the size of the eyebox.
  • the cell-shaped screen unit has at least one row of the microlenses or other micro-optics assigned to the respective light sources, the microlenses or other micro-optics of a row having at least two lens shapes that deviate to different degrees from a rotational symmetry.
  • the lens shapes can vary similarly to the dimensions of the light sources described, that is to say they can be specified individually or differently for groups of microlenses.
  • a group of microlenses can be designed to be rotationally symmetrical, with a rotationally symmetrical lens shape, and another group of microlenses can be designed to be deformed, with a lens shape that deviates from the rotational symmetry, in order to adjust the angular radiation characteristic of the associated light source accordingly.
  • the different lens shapes Similar to the different dimensions of the light sources, the different lens shapes also contribute to improved electrical-optical efficiency and reduced scattered light effects.
  • the angular radiation characteristic of a pixel i.e. a light source
  • a pixel i.e. a light source
  • a separate micro-optic system in particular a microlens, is placed in front of each light source. Both the focal length can be changed by the lens shape of the micro-optics while keeping the dimensions of the light source constant, and the micro-optics can be kept constant and the dimensions of the pixel can be changed. Accordingly, a mixture of both approaches is also possible.
  • the line-shaped screen unit has a central section, a first and second end section, as well as a first and a second intermediate section, the first intermediate section being in the main extension direction of the screen unit between the first end section and the central section, and the second intermediate section is arranged in the main extension direction of the screen unit between the second end section and the central section.
  • the length dimensions of the light sources in the central section and/or the end sections are smaller than in the two intermediate sections and/or the microlenses in the central section and/or the end sections deviate less from rotational symmetry than in the two intermediate sections. In this way, the different groups of light sources of different dimensions or microlenses of different lens shapes described above are implemented in a particularly advantageous manner, for increased electro-optical efficiency and reduced scattered light effects.
  • the beam splitter units have a plurality of scanning semi-transparent beam splitter unit elements, scanning elements, arranged one above the other in the vertical direction, the respective horizontal width of which is smaller in a lower region in the vertical direction in this embodiment than in one in the Vertical direction upper area.
  • the width can increase monotonically from the lower area to the upper area, in particular following the shape of a trapezoid in accordance with the field of view. This means that the described downwardly tapering shape of the virtually expandable field of view can be achieved in a particularly simple manner.
  • the beam splitter unit is a scanning beam splitter unit with a plurality of scanning semi-transparent beam splitter unit elements, scanning elements, arranged one above the other in the vertical direction
  • the glasses display device is a control unit for controlling the beam splitter unit and thus the scanning elements, and the screen unit.
  • the control unit is designed to scan the virtually expandable viewing area in the lower one Area one or more pixels in at least one of two edge areas separated by a central area in the screen unit (so that no light is emitted by them regardless of the displayed virtual image) and / or all pixels of the screen unit only when scanning the virtually expandable viewing area in the upper area (so that they emit light or no light depending on the virtual image being displayed).
  • the glasses display device is a control unit for controlling the beam splitter unit and thus the scanning elements, and the screen unit.
  • the control unit is designed to scan the virtually expandable viewing area in the lower one Area one or more pixels in at least one of two edge areas separated by a central area in the screen unit (so that no light is e
  • a predetermined minimum image quality for example a predetermined minimum Brightness requirement and / or another minimum imaging requirement such as a minimum resolution and / or a minimum image sharpness is defined, and a horizontal width of the eye box locally depending on the horizontal width of a deflection angle of the light deflected at the beam splitter unit varies.
  • this makes it possible for a smaller eyebox to be considered and selected as sufficient for the oblique (more) slanted visual rays at the edge of the field of view, which are the most difficult to optimize, and the largest eyebox only for straight (more) visual rays in the center of the field of view field of view.
  • the larger eyebox in the center of the field of view can be optimized without having to accept technical compromises in terms of image quality.
  • An eyebox that is not consistently large across the field of view has the further advantage that a display with increased light efficiency can be implemented can.
  • the light efficiency is linked to the energy consumption, corresponding to the waste heat from the AR glasses and the required battery size, and thus in turn also to the weight of the AR glasses or the entire set of AR glasses with power supply.
  • a glasses display device designed in such a more efficient manner ultimately implements an enlarged numerical aperture, which means that the optics and thus the lens unit have to capture and image light from a larger angular range with a larger eyebox.
  • the angular range into which an image point emits can be adjusted. If an image point emits light rays in the angular range that are not captured by the optics, or which are captured by the optics but are never directed into the pupil of the eye, then these light rays are emitted unnecessarily and the effective efficiency of the image point deteriorates .
  • the largest eyebox does not have to be achieved for the maximum viewing angle in the field of view, but rather only for approximately half the viewing angle of the field of view. This makes the design of the optics required for the desired image quality and thus immersion much easier. Ideally, the largest eyebox is achieved at approximately half the viewing angle.
  • the horizontal width of the eye box for the horizontally widest deflection angle or angles (which correspond to the horizontally largest viewing angles and thus perceptions from the edge of the viewing area) and/or for the horizontally smallest deflection angle of 0° (which corresponds to perceptions in the center of the viewing area ) is the smallest, and is largest for a deflection angle around the horizontal mean deflection angle, which has half the value of the horizontally widest deflection angle.
  • the horizontally widest deflection angle can be 40° ⁇ 10°, in particular 40° ⁇ 5°
  • the horizontally average deflection angle can be 20° ⁇ 5°, in particular 20° ⁇ 2.5°.
  • the virtually supplementable field of vision for the user's respective eye is designed to be horizontally asymmetrical with respect to a central viewing axis, which, when used as intended, is determined by a user with a straight-ahead gaze, in particular a horizontal component of the horizontal
  • the widest deflection angle inwards towards the nose is less than a horizontal component of the horizontally widest deflection angle outwards away from the nose.
  • FIG. 1 shows an exemplary embodiment of a glasses display device for displaying a virtual image in a schematic side sectional view
  • FIG. 2a, b the exemplary embodiment from FIG. 1 in a schematic
  • Fig. 3 shows a construction rule for designing a horizontal width of an eyebox depending on the distance as an optical path between pupil position and screen unit;
  • Figs. 5a-d exemplary LED arrangements with different dimensions
  • Fig. 6 isolates the effect of a rotation of a visual beam around the x-axis, which is the basis for an expansion of the field of view;
  • Figs. 7a, b a field of view comparison of a conventional display with a display based on tilting or rotating scanning elements; as well as
  • Figs 8a, b exemplary fields of view of a display device based on tilting or rotating scanning elements.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic side sectional view of an exemplary glasses display device 0.
  • light is imaged here from a cell-shaped screen unit 29 through a corresponding line-like, elongated optic, a lens unit 13 via a beam splitter 10 with several scanning elements 10 'into a pupil 21 of a human eye 20.
  • the optical path i.e. the distance from the pupil 21 to the pupil 131 of the optics, i.e. the lens unit 13 and thus to the screen unit 29 for the upper viewing beam 221, is shorter than the path for the lowest viewing beam 222.
  • the beam splitter 10 with the scanning elements 10 ' acts as a one-dimensional pupil dilation.
  • Vertical visual rays such as 226, 263, which run through the exit pupil 211 of the lens unit 13, which is technically defined by an aperture 131, are reflected several times on the scanning elements 10 ', so that in addition to the effectively visible light beam 224, which is directed at the pupil 21 hits, too Further visual rays 224' are created, which do not hit the pupil 21 and are therefore not perceived.
  • the scanning elements 10' are partially mirrored.
  • the user's eye 20 thus looks through a pupil 21 at the arrangement of the beam splitter unit 10, which is designed here with the scanning elements 10 'and thus scans, the individual scanning elements 10' each being mounted rotating about their axis of rotation 24.
  • the scanning elements 10' have a mechanical angular range 243 between two end positions 241, 242.
  • This mechanical angular range 243 causes an optical angular range 231, 232, which, as a second directional range, corresponds to the field of view that can be used for the virtual image, the field of view of the glasses display device that can be virtually supplemented.
  • the mechanical angular range 243 can also be chosen to be larger, in which case the line-shaped screen unit 29 is only used if a visual beam path 224, 224 'runs within the boundaries 221, 222.
  • the boundaries 221, 222 correspond to the user's natural human field of vision.
  • This natural viewing area is arranged symmetrically around a central, essentially horizontal main direction 225, which should preferably also be the center of the mechanical scanning or angular area 243.
  • the orientation of the partially transparent scanning elements 10' in the rest position is selected such that parallel light is deflected along the viewing beam path 226 from the screen unit 29 in the direction 225.
  • the scanning elements 10' are preferably operated synchronously, that is to say they are all operated at the same scanner frequency.
  • An expression with a relative phase shift between the individual scan elements can be selected, or, as shown here, without a phase shift between the different scan elements 10 '. In this latter case, the reflection surfaces of all partially transparent scanning elements 10' are arranged in parallel.
  • the scanning elements 10' are positioned from one another in the z-direction at a vertical distance 251, 252, which differs depending on the height in the z-direction, depending on the vertical position in the field of view.
  • the scanning elements 10' can be positioned so close to one another that a visual beam path 224 extends from the center of rotation of the eye 20 or the eyeball cuts the lower edge 261 of an upper scanning element 10' and at the same time cuts the upper edge 262 of a lower scanning element 10'.
  • narrower distances and larger distances are also conceivable. In narrower arrangements, a viewing beam path can be redirected simultaneously by two scanning elements 10'.
  • the lens unit 13 must be designed in such a way that light rays are imaged to infinity, that is, there is a parallel light bundle to be redirected by the beam splitter unit 10.
  • the virtual image can then be moved back to a finite virtual distance by a concave lens element 283 between the user and the scanning elements 10 '. So that the view through the beam splitter 10 of the real objects in the natural environment is not distorted by the lens element 283, this can be corrected again by a lens element 284 with an inverse focal length on an outside of the glasses display device 0.
  • the lens elements 283 and 284 are no longer absolutely necessary when phase-shifted scanning is used.
  • Fig. 2a shows the exemplary embodiment of Fig. 1 in a front view.
  • the glasses display device 0 has a frame unit 17 with, in the present case, a frame unit 16 and an additional frame unit 15.
  • the line-shaped screen unit 29 is arranged on the frame unit 17, in the present case the frame unit 15, of which two screen areas 141, 142 are each assigned to the right and left eye 20 of the user.
  • the line-shaped screen unit 29 serves to emit light along a beam path 226, 263 (FIG. 1) as computer-generated image information in a substantially vertical direction, here the negative z direction.
  • the glasses display device 0 also has the beam splitter unit 10 attached to the frame unit 17, in the present case the frame unit 16, which is designed to be operated as a scanner unit in order to convert the light emitted by the screen unit 29 in the vertical direction into a second directional range , a substantially horizontal directional area, in which the pupil or pupils of the user are present when used as intended.
  • a lens unit 13, in this case a so-called pancake optic with two lenses 11 and 12, is arranged between the screen unit 29 and the beam splitter unit 10.
  • the lens unit 13 in the present case has two plane-parallel interfaces (which therefore run along the first direction), so that the user's facial expressions are not distorted for a third party viewing.
  • the beam splitter unit 10 has the scanning elements 10 ', viewed in a vertical direction, here the positive z direction, arranged one behind the other, that is to say one above the other in the z direction, so that light emitted by the screen unit 29 strikes a respective scanning element 10 ', which has previously passed through those of the other scanning elements 10', which are arranged between the respective scanning element 10' and the screen unit 29.
  • scanning elements 10 are shown per eye, which have a respective axis of rotation or rotation 24 (FIG. 1) along the y-axis. Because the scanning elements 10' can be operated with a uniformly defined scanner frequency, it can be achieved that the individual scanning elements 10' with the assigned partially transparent reflection surfaces oscillate synchronously with one another.
  • the lens unit 13 images the line-shaped screen unit 29 in such a way that it can be seen via the beam splitter unit 10 by the user's eye 20 in as large a part as possible of the natural human field of vision, the virtually supplementable field of vision of the glasses display device.
  • the field of view that can be used for the virtual image, the virtually supplementable field of view of the glasses display device, is in this case determined in its horizontal width by the extension of the scanning elements 10 ', the lens unit 13 and the cell-shaped screen unit 29 in the y-direction.
  • the field of view that can be used for the virtual image is determined by the mechanical deflection of the scanner unit 10, its width transverse to its main extension direction and by the number of scanning elements 10 'used, since each individual scanning element 10' only represents a partial area of the vertical field of view can cover.
  • the further lens element 13 is designed in such a way that it is possible to look through the lenses 11, 12 from the frontal direction, that is to say in the negative x direction, without distortion.
  • the lenses 11, 12 are designed like strips in the x direction, i.e. a significantly longer one have more expression in the y-direction than in the x-direction.
  • Significant here can be understood to mean, for example, a difference of one or at least one order of magnitude, for example an extent of 6 mm in the x-direction and 70 mm in the y-direction.
  • the pancake look is chosen as an example and can also be replaced by other looks.
  • the viewing area 100 which tapers downwards, i.e. in the negative z direction, here trapezoidal, is shown hatched. Accordingly, when you look through these hatched areas, you will in principle be able to see a virtual image generated by the glasses display device 0.
  • the individual scanning elements 10' thus produce horizontally larger lower viewing areas in the upper area and horizontally smaller lower viewing areas for lower viewing beam paths viewed vertically. This also has the advantage that the entire viewing area 100 follows the nose section to a good approximation.
  • the optical principle with several scanning elements 10 'arranged one above the other in the z direction, i.e. vertical direction has the advantage that the viewing beam paths take the shortest path upwards, i.e. in the positive z direction, to the lens unit 13.
  • the so-called one-dimensional pupil expansion shown here using the beam splitter unit 10 is therefore sufficient, since an optics 13 that is large in the y direction can be used.
  • the visible rays propagating along the viewing beam paths which correspond to the light rays in the opposite direction, must hit the exit pupil 131 of the lens unit 13. If one considers this for a viewing ray 321, which describes a large horizontal viewing angle 322 from the pupil 21 of the human eye, as shown in Fig. 2b, and an upper vertical angle, that is to say a viewing ray 321 which hits the top scanning element
  • This viewing beam 321 still has the exit pupil 131 of the lens unit 13.
  • the horizontal viewing angle is 312 consequently lower, since the optical path of the viewing beam 311, the viewing beam path, from the pupil 21 to the aperture 131 of the optics is significantly longer.
  • the lens unit 13 would have to be very large in order to accommodate the visual rays of large horizontal ones Capture the viewing angle in the lower area.
  • the wider optics then required lead to a larger and heavier spectacle display device and wider lens elements 11 and 12 mechanically abut each other above the nose from a certain length and cannot therefore be made larger.
  • FIG. 3 shows a construction specification for an exemplary design of the horizontal width of an eyebox depending on the optical path for an eye.
  • a light is emitted here from the cellular screen unit 29 and imaged by the lens unit 13.
  • the pupil 21 is hit along a different optical path, which corresponds to the different lengths of the dashed visual rays 311, 321.
  • the shortest optical distance results with the pupils 21 at position 323.
  • the pupils 21 have a greater optical distance and can therefore be found at position 313 in the figure.
  • visual rays 311, 321 can be constructed, which still hit the entrance pupil 131 of the lens unit 13, so the virtual image can still be perceived at these positions. This defines the maximum possible horizontal deflection angle 322 for the pupil position 323.
  • a width 331 of the visual rays was also taken into account, since the pupils 21 themselves have a finite diameter.
  • the maximum horizontal deflection angle 312 can also be determined for the pupil position 313, i.e. the vertically lowest visual beam. Due to the greater optical distance of the pupil position 313 compared to the pupil position 323 from the lens unit 13, this angle is smaller. This is due to the trapezoidal field of view 100 (FIG. 2) or corresponds to the trapezoidal field of view.
  • the lens unit 13 is now designed to enable not only the maximum horizontal viewing angle 322, that is to say to appropriately redirect the corresponding viewing beam, but also all horizontal viewing angles from 0° up to the maximum horizontal viewing angle 322. For example, the horizontal viewing angle must also be 312 are mapped to position 323, resulting in the viewing rays 316, 316 '.
  • the necessary pupil size which is largest in the case of the horizontal viewing angle 312, corresponding to a larger horizontal width 314 of the eyebox.
  • the horizontal widths of the eyeboxes are designed for different maximum angles. From the illustration, it is clear from the arrangement of the markings of the widths 331, from which the horizontal widths 314, 324 of the eyebox can be seen, that the necessary horizontal widths increase in a non-linear manner towards medium angles. This is advantageous because optimizing the glasses display device 0 for larger viewing angles is more difficult than optimizing for medium angles.
  • the function of the width b is plotted again in FIG. 4 as a function of the horizontal viewing angle, the horizontal component of the viewing angle.
  • the resulting non-constant, varying horizontal width 314, 324 of the eyebox means that the radiation angle 352, 362 of the image points 351 and 361 selected as an example on the cellular screen unit 29 requires a different width angle radiation characteristic.
  • the angular range 352, which corresponds to the pixel 351, which has the larger horizontal eyebox, is correspondingly significantly larger than the angular range 362 for pixel 361, which only implements a smaller horizontal width for the eyebox. It is therefore advantageous to specify the angular radiation characteristics of the different pixels 351, 361 continuously or in groups along the main extension direction of the linear screen unit 29. This can be used to save energy and avoid scattered light.
  • a corresponding exemplary embodiment is shown in FIG. 5.
  • Fig. 4 the horizontal width of the eyebox in millimeters is plotted in graphs as a function of the horizontal component of the respective viewing angle of an eye.
  • a symmetrical field of vision that can be virtually supplemented, starting from a straight line of sight of the user to the left and right, and thus a symmetrical
  • the actual size progression of the eyebox can be assumed. If, for example, a positive entered angle of the field of view corresponds to a view to the right, the size of the eyebox for angles which correspond to a view to the left can be determined by mirroring the graphs 41, 42 on the y-axis.
  • the graph 42 is identical in shape to graph 41, but takes into account an additional constant widening 33 of the eyebox in order to optimize an even wider eyebox, for example to take into account eye pupils with a diameter of 2-5 mm or to compensate for different distances between the eyes , i.e. to enable pupil positions that are shifted from the nominal design distance. .
  • the maximum horizontal width of the eyebox results in approximately half of the maximum horizontal extension of the viewing angle at angle position 43.
  • the horizontal width of the eyebox decreases again towards larger viewing angles and finally reaches a minimum at the maximum viewing angle at position 44, in this case at 40°. This is advantageous because the demands on the lens unit 13 increase with a larger viewing angle if a larger width of the eyebox is to be achieved.
  • the optical arrangement of the glasses display unit 0 proposed here with the cellular screen unit 29 and the beam splitter unit 10 as a one-dimensional pupil expansion has a constant size 211 of the aperture transversely to the main extension direction of the screen unit 29 (FIG. 1). Therefore, all light sources, micro-LEDs, have identical dimensions 57 in this direction.
  • the width of the eyebox varies orthogonally, along the row and thus along the horizontal viewing angle, which is why it is advantageous to realize different emitting angular ranges, 513, 523, which is shown in both Figures 5a) and 5b).
  • the size of the angular ranges can be continuous and therefore individually tailored to the respective local requirements for each position of the image points 51, 52 be adapted, or as a technical compromise in groups of pixels 51, 52, as is implemented in Fig. 5d) with the group 53 and 54.
  • FIG. 5a shows a micro-LED pixel 51 on a substrate 50 with micro-optics, here designed as a micro-lens 56, which focuses the light.
  • the micro-optics 56 is larger than the light-emitting image point 51, and the micro-optics has an exemplary focal length.
  • the micro-optics can be, for example, a micro-lens or a micro-reflector.
  • the light can also be concentrated using other optical elements, for example using diffractive optical elements.
  • the length dimension 511 is used to emit the light essentially into the angular range 513, limited by the edge rays 512.
  • Fig. 5a the length dimension 511 is used to emit the light essentially into the angular range 513, limited by the edge rays 512.
  • Fig. 5a the length dimension 511 is used to emit the light essentially into the angular range 513, limited by the edge rays 512.
  • FIG. 5c the micro-LED pixels 52, 51 of Figures 5a) and 5b) are shown from a different perspective.
  • a micro lens 56 with a rotationally symmetrical lens shape is shown here as micro optics.
  • the micro-LEDs 51, 52 can also be manufactured with constant length dimensions 511, 521 and corresponding micro-optics 56 with two lens shapes that deviate from rotational symmetry can be used in order to obtain the effective usable angular range 513, 523 for the two Micro LED pixels 51, 52 can be set differently. It is also possible, for example, to use cylindrical lenses and thus limit the angle to only one wavelength range, whereby it is advantageous to align the cylindrical lens along the line in the y-direction.
  • Fig. 5d the variation of the radiation angle 513, 523 along the line-shaped screen unit 29 in the y-direction is shown as the main extension direction for an eye.
  • the length or length dimension 511, 521 of the micro-LEDs 51, 52 is varied in the y-direction, as in Figures 5a), 5b), 5c) shown as an example.
  • the length dimensions 511, 521 of the light sources in a central section 53* and two end sections 53', 53" are smaller than in the two intermediate sections 54', 54" arranged between the central section 53* and one end section 53', 53".
  • two types of micro-LEDs 51, 52 are sufficient.
  • the small horizontal width of the eyebox is sufficient, which is why narrow LEDs such as the micro-LED 52 are sufficient.
  • the size of the different areas 53*, 53', 53", 54', 54" is determined in such a way that the wide micro-LEDs 51 are only used as long as it is required for the corresponding eyebox and the narrower micro-LEDs 52 are switched back to as soon as possible .
  • the combination of the elongated structure that is to say the cellular screen unit with the correspondingly elongated lens unit and the beam splitter unit as a one-dimensional pupil expansion in combination with the downwardly tapering, in particular trapezoidal field of view
  • the horizontally widest eyebox which can also be referred to as the "widest pupil”
  • the wider the field of view and the larger the eyebox is. In practice, this means that for a desired resolution, more optical surfaces have to be used for correction or the resolution becomes worse.
  • the stereo field of vision is due to the nose in The upper area is more pronounced than the vertically lower viewing angle, a trapezoidal field of view is also more ergonomic. Accordingly, comparatively large optics can be used, so that a one-dimensional pupil expansion using a beam splitter unit is sufficient. This in turn significantly increases the lighting efficiency.
  • the radiation characteristics of the light-emitting pixels can be adapted to the size of the eyebox depending on the size of the horizon. TI tal angle can be adjusted and thus light or electrical power loss can be saved and scattered light can also be reduced. For this purpose, light-emitting pixels with a larger angular emission range can be used where the eyebox is large, and light-emitting pixels with a smaller angular emission range where the eyebox is small.
  • Fig. 6 illustrates the effect of a rotation of a visual ray about the x-axis underlying an expansion of the field of view in isolation in order to be able to derive the correct mathematical representation.
  • a viewing ray 311 that lies in the x, y plane and has a horizontal viewing angle 312 of amount a
  • a rotation of this viewing ray around the x-axis by the angle 6 results in a rotated viewing ray 321.
  • This can be converted into a vector vertical and horizontal portion 33 are broken down so that the amount ⁇ of the horizontal angle 322 of the rotated viewing beam 321 can be determined.
  • the field of view widens in the horizontal direction as the angle 6 increases, i.e. downwards in the vertical direction.
  • Figures 7a and 7b show a field of view comparison between the field of view of a conventional display and a display based on tilting or rotating scanning elements.
  • the 7a shows a human observer reduced to his pupil 21 in front of a virtual square field of view 27, for example an image.
  • Two beam paths are also sketched.
  • the first beam path, with viewing rays 281 and 282 is located in the horizontal x,y plane and spans a first field of view width angle 261 spanned in the horizontal direction.
  • the viewed image and thus the associated field of view 27 is aligned vertically orthogonally in the x, z plane.
  • another downward beam path with visible beams 283 and 284 is drawn. net.
  • the two viewing rays 283 and 284 define a second viewing field width angle 262, which is smaller than the first viewing field width angle 261 due to the three-dimensional geometry.
  • FIG. 7b now shows two beam splitter elements or scanning elements 10 'and 10', which deflect a line-like light to the pupil 21 in the x, z plane.
  • the lens unit not shown, supports a maximum angle 243 in the case shown
  • beam splitter elements 10' and 10" rotate around the x-axis and direct the light to the pupil 21 for different angles 252 and 251 of the angular range 243 shown in FIG -Plane runs orthogonally to the x, z plane of the visual rays of the lens unit, a first field of view width angle 261 spanned in the horizontal direction results, according to FIG. 7a, which results accordingly from the maximum angle 243 of the lens unit.
  • the viewing rays 283 and 284 define the case of a rectangular field of view, as in Fig. 7a, but do not extend in a plane that is orthogonal to the x, z plane of the lens unit.
  • This extension is shown with the edges 130 and 130' running essentially in a vertical direction.
  • FIGS. 6, 7a and 7b show exemplary ones based on FIGS. 6, 7a and 7b explanatory context using fields of view.
  • the respective diagrams with horizontal axis H and vertical axis V show the viewing angles of a human observer that are accessible to the respective display device and thus a visual area that can be virtually supplemented.
  • a field of view with vertical edges 120, 120 'and horizontal edges 110, 110' is shown. If this field of vision is technically implemented for a virtual augmented reality image, then an optic or Lens unit necessary, which enables maximum horizontal viewing angles of -40° for limitation 120' and of +40° for limitation 120'.
  • augmented reality glasses in which virtual objects are reflected into the natural environment, it is always advantageous to aim for a larger field of vision for reasons of immersive feeling. Implementing this is technically demanding, as the edge rays must be realized at a maximum distance from the optical axis of the optics with good imaging quality, which becomes increasingly difficult the further away you get from the optical axis.
  • the eyebox i.e. the volume in which the pupil can be positioned when used as intended, becomes larger the wider the field of vision is implemented. Both effects make it technically complex to achieve a larger field of vision. This is particularly true for the horizontal direction, as a larger angular range is covered there than in the vertical direction.
  • FIG. 8a shows a novel possibility of horizontally enlarging the field of view by enabling a horizontal field of view limitation with an edge 130 or 130 '.
  • This field of view extension is achieved without the associated lens unit optics having to realize larger angular ranges for the horizontal visual rays.
  • the functionality has already been described in Fig. 7b.
  • the effect of expanding the field of view is greater the greater the distance between the corresponding vertical area of the field of view and the horizontal plane of view with the viewing rays 282 and 281.
  • the horizontal viewing plane is defined orthogonally to the optical axis of the lens unit. In this horizontal plane, with a vertical viewing angle of 0°, there is no expansion of the field of vision and for all vertical viewing angles not equal to 0°, the explanations for Figs. 6, 7a and 7b following a corresponding extension.
  • Figure 8b shows the effect of field of view expansion for a virtual trapezoidal field of view, which is of particular relevance in the context of this disclosure.
  • the upper field of view limitation with the edge 110 leads to a larger horizontal viewing angle than the lower field of view limitation with the edge 110 '.
  • the human eye effectively has wider maximum horizontal visual rays corresponding to the vertical edges 130, 130 ', even though the lens unit only maximum visual rays according to the straight lines 14 and 14 'are supported as an angular deflection from the optical axis.
  • scanning elements 10 ' which follow one another vertically, become shorter and shorter in the horizontal direction and thus have a reduced space consumption, an expanded field of view that can be virtually supplemented can be achieved, which in horizontal

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Abstract

L'invention concerne un dispositif d'affichage de type lunettes (0) pour afficher une image virtuelle dans un champ de vision d'un dispositif d'affichage (0) qui peut être virtuellement complété pour un utilisateur, comprenant : une unité d'écran en forme de ligne (29) pour émettre de la lumière sous la forme d'informations d'image générées par ordinateur ; une unité de lentille (13) pour collimater la lumière émise par l'unité d'écran en forme de ligne (29) ; et une unité de division de faisceau (10) pour dévier la lumière collimatée vers l'utilisateur et dans une région spatiale dans laquelle une ou deux pupilles de l'utilisateur sont agencées lorsque le dispositif d'affichage de type lunettes (0) est utilisé comme prévu, la largeur horizontale du champ de vision qui peut être virtuellement complété étant plus petite dans une région inférieure, dans la direction verticale, que dans une région supérieure, dans la direction verticale, afin de fournir un dispositif d'affichage de type lunettes amélioré (0).
PCT/EP2022/087458 2022-07-13 2022-12-22 Dispositif d'affichage de type lunettes pour afficher une image virtuelle dans un champ de vision de dispositif d'affichage qui peut être complété virtuellement et qui s'effile vers le fond WO2024012713A1 (fr)

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DE102022207139.5A DE102022207139B3 (de) 2022-07-13 2022-07-13 Brillen-Anzeigevorrichtung zum Anzeigen eines virtuellen Bildes in einem sich nach unten verjüngendem virtuell ergänzbaren Sichtfeld der Brillen-Anzeigevorrichtung

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Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2751611B1 (fr) 2011-08-29 2018-01-10 Vuzix Corporation Guide d'ondes réglable pour des applications d'affichage proche des yeux
US20180203237A1 (en) * 2017-01-19 2018-07-19 Coretronic Corporation Head-mounted display device
AU2016314630B2 (en) 2015-09-02 2020-09-03 Eyeway Vision Ltd. Eye projection system and method
US20210080719A1 (en) * 2019-09-12 2021-03-18 Facebook Technologies, Llc Low-obliquity beam scanner with polarization-selective grating
WO2021113154A1 (fr) * 2019-12-06 2021-06-10 Facebook Technologies, Llc Dispositif de balayage à faisceau plié et à faible obliquité
WO2022044001A1 (fr) * 2020-08-23 2022-03-03 Lumus Ltd. Système optique pour l'expansion bidimensionnelle d'une image réduisant les reflets et la rémanence à partir du guide d'ondes
US20220091422A1 (en) * 2018-12-10 2022-03-24 Auroratech Company Ar headsets with improved pinhole mirror arrays
DE102021206209B3 (de) * 2021-06-17 2022-07-07 Gixel GmbH Brillen-Anzeigevorrichtung zum Anzeigen eines virtuellen Bildes in einem Sichtfeld eines Nutzers, Augmented-Reality-Brillen-Anzeigevorrichtung

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2751611B1 (fr) 2011-08-29 2018-01-10 Vuzix Corporation Guide d'ondes réglable pour des applications d'affichage proche des yeux
AU2016314630B2 (en) 2015-09-02 2020-09-03 Eyeway Vision Ltd. Eye projection system and method
US20180203237A1 (en) * 2017-01-19 2018-07-19 Coretronic Corporation Head-mounted display device
US20220091422A1 (en) * 2018-12-10 2022-03-24 Auroratech Company Ar headsets with improved pinhole mirror arrays
US20210080719A1 (en) * 2019-09-12 2021-03-18 Facebook Technologies, Llc Low-obliquity beam scanner with polarization-selective grating
WO2021113154A1 (fr) * 2019-12-06 2021-06-10 Facebook Technologies, Llc Dispositif de balayage à faisceau plié et à faible obliquité
WO2022044001A1 (fr) * 2020-08-23 2022-03-03 Lumus Ltd. Système optique pour l'expansion bidimensionnelle d'une image réduisant les reflets et la rémanence à partir du guide d'ondes
DE102021206209B3 (de) * 2021-06-17 2022-07-07 Gixel GmbH Brillen-Anzeigevorrichtung zum Anzeigen eines virtuellen Bildes in einem Sichtfeld eines Nutzers, Augmented-Reality-Brillen-Anzeigevorrichtung

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