WO2012100936A1 - Method and device for producing plastic melts provided with nanoparticles - Google Patents

Method and device for producing plastic melts provided with nanoparticles Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012100936A1
WO2012100936A1 PCT/EP2012/000305 EP2012000305W WO2012100936A1 WO 2012100936 A1 WO2012100936 A1 WO 2012100936A1 EP 2012000305 W EP2012000305 W EP 2012000305W WO 2012100936 A1 WO2012100936 A1 WO 2012100936A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
nanoparticles
extruder
fixed connection
melt
reactor
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2012/000305
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Detlef Gneuss
Original Assignee
Gneuss Kunststofftechnik Gmbh
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Publication date
Application filed by Gneuss Kunststofftechnik Gmbh filed Critical Gneuss Kunststofftechnik Gmbh
Priority to EP12710864.5A priority Critical patent/EP2668018A1/en
Publication of WO2012100936A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012100936A1/en

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/285—Feeding the extrusion material to the extruder
    • B29C48/288—Feeding the extrusion material to the extruder in solid form, e.g. powder or granules
    • B29C48/2886—Feeding the extrusion material to the extruder in solid form, e.g. powder or granules of fibrous, filamentary or filling materials, e.g. thin fibrous reinforcements or fillers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/92—Measuring, controlling or regulating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C2948/00—Indexing scheme relating to extrusion moulding
    • B29C2948/92—Measuring, controlling or regulating
    • B29C2948/92323—Location or phase of measurement
    • B29C2948/92333—Raw material handling or dosing, e.g. active hopper or feeding device
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C2948/00—Indexing scheme relating to extrusion moulding
    • B29C2948/92—Measuring, controlling or regulating
    • B29C2948/92323—Location or phase of measurement
    • B29C2948/92361—Extrusion unit
    • B29C2948/92371—Inlet shaft or slot, e.g. passive hopper; Injector, e.g. injector nozzle on barrel
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C2948/00—Indexing scheme relating to extrusion moulding
    • B29C2948/92—Measuring, controlling or regulating
    • B29C2948/92819—Location or phase of control
    • B29C2948/92828—Raw material handling or dosing, e.g. active hopper or feeding device
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C2948/00—Indexing scheme relating to extrusion moulding
    • B29C2948/92—Measuring, controlling or regulating
    • B29C2948/92819—Location or phase of control
    • B29C2948/92857—Extrusion unit
    • B29C2948/92866—Inlet shaft or slot, e.g. passive hopper; Injector, e.g. injector nozzle on barrel
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C2948/00—Indexing scheme relating to extrusion moulding
    • B29C2948/92—Measuring, controlling or regulating
    • B29C2948/92819—Location or phase of control
    • B29C2948/92857—Extrusion unit
    • B29C2948/92876—Feeding, melting, plasticising or pumping zones, e.g. the melt itself
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/03—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2105/00—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
    • B29K2105/06—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped containing reinforcements, fillers or inserts
    • B29K2105/12—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped containing reinforcements, fillers or inserts of short lengths, e.g. chopped filaments, staple fibres or bristles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2105/00—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
    • B29K2105/06—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped containing reinforcements, fillers or inserts
    • B29K2105/16—Fillers
    • B29K2105/162—Nanoparticles

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for producing nanoparticulate conveyed in an extruder plastic melts and an apparatus for performing the method.
  • nanoparticles are produced in a large reactor, packaged, stored and transported to the plastic manufacturer, which supplies the nanoparticles, if necessary, to a melt.
  • nanoparticles clump together during packaging, transport and storage and, in their capacity as nanoparticles, are barely or unusable. Therefore, the nanoparticle lumps must be comminuted again before they can be introduced into the melt. Even with even the most complicated size reduction processes, the original dimensions of the nanoparticles, which are between 1 and 10,000 nanometers, are barely reached again.
  • WO 2010/118881 A2 discloses such a method in which appropriately delivered, agglomerated pellets must be deagglomerated in order to then be fed to an extruder can.
  • the agglomerated nanoparticles formed from the pellets can already agglomerate again on their way to the extruder.
  • the object of the invention is to develop a method and a device for producing plastic melts provided with nanoparticles in such a way that the nanoparticles can be fed into the melt in their original size, without the need for complicated comminution devices and high energy for transport and comminution of nanoparticles.
  • the extruder as closely as possible associated reactor nanoparticles are urgeformt that the nanoparticles are transported from the original site by a transport medium from the reactor and fed via a solid compound in the extruder, that the nanoparticles connect the melt, that the melt is mixed with the nanoparticles in the extruder, and that the transport medium is discharged from the extruder.
  • the nanoparticles can not agglomerate even on the shortest path to the melt guaranteed thereby.
  • the nanoparticles can be separated from the transport medium when hitting the melt, the nanoparticles are incorporated into the melt, and the transport medium are discharged directly from the extruder.
  • the nanoparticles and the transport medium are first incorporated into the melt, and that the transport medium is separated from the melt and the nanoparticles only later, possibly in another process space of the extruder.
  • this makes it possible to adjust the quantity of newly produced nanoparticles during the production or primary shaping process and, on the other hand, to influence the amount of nanoparticles transported.
  • a particular advantage results when a vacuum is applied to the extruder via a further solid compound, from which a pressure gradient is built up between the solid compound and the second solid compound, via which the transport medium with the nanoparticles is sucked out of the reactor and the nanoparticles of the melt be supplied.
  • the transport medium with the nanoparticles Due to the pressure gradient, the transport medium with the nanoparticles is sucked to the vacuum pump. Along the way, the nanoparticles hit the melt and adhere to it, so that only the transport medium reaches the vacuum pump.
  • the metering and / or the mixing of the nanoparticles with the melt and / or the adjustment of the negative pressure are controlled or regulated.
  • the object is achieved in that an outlet of the extruder as closely as possible associated reactor for primary molding of nanoparticles and direct introduction of the same is introduced into a gaseous transport medium by a fixed connection with a feed port of the extruder directly.
  • a vacuum pump is assigned to the extruder at a suction opening via a further fixed connection and that contact between the vacuum pump and the reactor via the melt occupied / occupied screw / screw contact such that the transport medium with the nanoparticles on the melt surface to be led.
  • the nanoparticles newly produced in the reactor are immediately sucked out of its outlet by the pressure gradient built up in the extruder by the vacuum pump, so that the nanoparticles have even less time to agglomerate or agglomerate.
  • tempering devices adjustable in their temperature are assigned to the solid compound and / or the further solid compound.
  • a particularly compact and effective construction is achieved when the fixed connection and the further fixed connection form a unit, wherein the feed opening of the extruder and the vacuum pump are spaced apart, preferably formed on the extruder opposite.
  • the spacing is important so that the nanoparticles have enough way and time to bond to the melt.
  • a first valve for metering the nanoparticles in the transport medium and / or that between the extruder and the vacuum pump, a second valve for adjusting the negative pressure is provided.
  • the valves can easily influence the mixing ratio.
  • a control or regulating device acts on at least one of the valves and takes over the metering of the nanoparticles automatically.
  • control device can also already act on the primary forming process (production process of the new nanoparticles) and thus adjust the amount of newly produced nanoparticles.
  • the invention will be explained in more detail with reference to a drawing.
  • the figure shows an extruder 1, the shaft, not shown, driven by a motor 2 becomes.
  • Granules can be introduced into the extruder 1 via a feed device 3.
  • a reactor 4 is directly coupled to the extruder 1 via a fixed connection 5. Via the fixed connection 5, in which a first valve 6 is arranged, the nanoparticles produced in the reactor are fed directly to the extruder 1 and the melt located in the extruder 1.
  • a vacuum pump 7 is connected to the extruder 1 via a further fixed connection 8, which has a second valve 9.
  • the vacuum pump 7 generates a negative pressure, which generates a pressure gradient between the further fixed connection 8 and the fixed connection 5. About this pressure gradient, the nanoparticles are sucked out of the reactor 4.
  • the first valve 6 can be acted upon in order to dose the nanoparticles.
  • the control device 8 can, of course, control or regulate the other aggregates of the device, if necessary, in order to optimally obtain a plastic with the desired properties.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Processing And Handling Of Plastics And Other Materials For Molding In General (AREA)
  • Extrusion Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for producing plastic melts, which are provided with nanoparticles and conveyed in an extruder (1), wherein said method is to be developed such that the nanoparticles can be introduced in the original sizes thereof into the melt, without requiring complex comminution devices and high energy for transporting and comminuting nanoparticle clumps. For this purpose, nanoparticles are primary-shaped in a reactor (4), which is as closely associated with the extruder (1) as possible, the nanoparticles are transported from the primary shaping site out of the reactor (4) by a transport medium and introduced into the extruder (1) via a fixed connection (5), upon impingement on the melt the nanoparticles are separated from the transport medium and bond with the melt, the melt is mixed with the nanoparticles in the extruder (1), and the transport medium is conducted out of the extruder (1).

Description

Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Herstellen von mit Nanopartikeln versehenen  Method and device for producing nanoparticles
Kunststoffschmelzen  Plastic melts
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Herstellen von mit Nanopartikeln versehenen, in einem Extruder geförderten Kunststoffschmelzen sowie eine Vorrichtung zum Durchführen des Verfahrens. The invention relates to a method for producing nanoparticulate conveyed in an extruder plastic melts and an apparatus for performing the method.
Es ist bekannt, durch Einbringen von Nanopartikeln in Kunststoffschmelzen die Eigenschaften des daraus entstehenden Kunststoffs wie z.B. dessen Leitfähigkeit, Temperaturbeständigkeit, Festigkeit usw. zu beeinflussen. Daher werden bereits heute unterschiedliche, die jeweils gewünschten Eigenschaften fördernde Nanopartikel von Kunststoffherstellern in die Schmelze eingebracht. It is known, by introducing nanoparticles into plastic melts, the properties of the resulting plastic, such as e.g. its conductivity, temperature resistance, strength, etc. to influence. Therefore, different nanoparticles that promote the desired properties are already being introduced by plastic manufacturers into the melt.
Diese Nanopartikel werden in einem großen Reaktor erzeugt, verpackt, gelagert und zum Kunststoffhersteller transportiert, welcher die Nanopartikel bei Bedarf einer Schmelze zuführt. These nanoparticles are produced in a large reactor, packaged, stored and transported to the plastic manufacturer, which supplies the nanoparticles, if necessary, to a melt.
Dabei hat sich herausgestellt, dass die Nanopartikel beim Verpacken, Transportieren und Lagern verklumpen und in Ihrer Eigenschaft als Nanopartikel kaum noch bzw. nicht zu gebrauchen sind. Daher müssen die Nanopartikelklumpen, bevor diese in die Schmelze eingebracht werden können, wieder zerkleinert werden. Selbst bei noch so aufwendigen Zerkleinerungsverfahren werden die ursprünglichen Abmessungen der Nanopartikel, die zwischen 1 bis 10 000 Nanometern liegen, kaum wieder erreicht. It has been found that the nanoparticles clump together during packaging, transport and storage and, in their capacity as nanoparticles, are barely or unusable. Therefore, the nanoparticle lumps must be comminuted again before they can be introduced into the melt. Even with even the most complicated size reduction processes, the original dimensions of the nanoparticles, which are between 1 and 10,000 nanometers, are barely reached again.
BESTÄTiGUNGSKOPIE Die WO 2010/118881 A2 offenbart ein derartiges Verfahren, bei dem entsprechend angelieferte, agglomerierte Pellets deagglomeriert werden müssen, um dann einem Extruder zugeführt werden zu können. Dabei können die aus den Pellets umgeformten zum Agglomerieren neigenden Nanopartikel auf dem Weg zum Extruder bereits wieder agglomerieren. confirmation copy WO 2010/118881 A2 discloses such a method in which appropriately delivered, agglomerated pellets must be deagglomerated in order to then be fed to an extruder can. The agglomerated nanoparticles formed from the pellets can already agglomerate again on their way to the extruder.
Die DE 10 2008 038 667 offenbart ein Verfahren, bei dem die Nanopartikel in gelöster Form in einen Vorratsbehälter gegeben werden, von wo aus sie dem Extruder zugepumpt werden können. Auch hier ist das Bereitstellen der Nanopartikel mit einem erheblichen Transport- und Energieaufwand verbunden. DE 10 2008 038 667 discloses a method in which the nanoparticles are added in dissolved form to a storage container, from where they can be pumped to the extruder. Again, the provision of nanoparticles associated with a significant transport and energy costs.
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung zum Herstellen von mit Nanopartikeln versehenen Kunststoffschmelzen derart weiterzubilden, dass die Nanopartikel in ihrer ursprünglichen Größe in die Schmelze eingespeist werden können, ohne dass es aufwendiger Zerkleinerungsvorrichtungen sowie hoher Energie für den Transport und das Zerkleinern von Nanoparti- kelklumpen bedarf. The object of the invention is to develop a method and a device for producing plastic melts provided with nanoparticles in such a way that the nanoparticles can be fed into the melt in their original size, without the need for complicated comminution devices and high energy for transport and comminution of nanoparticles.
Zur Lösung der Aufgabe wird verfahrensmäßig vorgeschlagen, dass in einem, dem Extruder möglichst nahe zugeordneten Reaktor Nanopartikel urgeformt werden, dass die Nanopartikel vom Urformungsort durch ein Transportmedium aus dem Reaktor abgefördert und über eine feste Verbindung in den Extruder eingespeist werden, dass sich die Nanopartikel mit der Schmelze verbinden, dass die Schmelze mit den Nanopartikeln im Extruder gemischt wird, und dass das Transportmedium aus dem Extruder abgeleitet wird. To solve the problem is procedurally proposed that in a, the extruder as closely as possible associated reactor nanoparticles are urgeformt that the nanoparticles are transported from the original site by a transport medium from the reactor and fed via a solid compound in the extruder, that the nanoparticles connect the melt, that the melt is mixed with the nanoparticles in the extruder, and that the transport medium is discharged from the extruder.
Dadurch wird erreicht, dass die neu hergestellten Nanopartikel ohne agglomerieren zu können vom Transportmedium aufgenommen werden. Durch die unmittelbare Zuordnung des Reaktors zum Extruder können die Nanopartikel auch auf dem dadurch gewährleisteten kürzesten Weg zur Schmelze nicht agglomerieren. Dabei können die Nanopartikel beim Auftreffen auf die Schmelze vom Transportmedium getrennt werden, die Nanopartikel in die Schmelze eingearbeitet werden, und das Transportmedium direkt aus dem Extruder abgeleitet werden. Es besteht aber auch die Möglichkeit dass zunächst die Nanopartikel und das Transportmedium in die Schmelze eingearbeitet werden, und dass das Transportmedium erst später, ggf. in einem anderen Verfahrensraum des Extruders, von der Schmelze und den Nanopartikeln getrennt wird. This ensures that the newly produced nanoparticles can be absorbed by the transport medium without agglomeration. Due to the direct assignment of the reactor to the extruder, the nanoparticles can not agglomerate even on the shortest path to the melt guaranteed thereby. In this case, the nanoparticles can be separated from the transport medium when hitting the melt, the nanoparticles are incorporated into the melt, and the transport medium are discharged directly from the extruder. However, there is also the possibility that the nanoparticles and the transport medium are first incorporated into the melt, and that the transport medium is separated from the melt and the nanoparticles only later, possibly in another process space of the extruder.
Vorteilhaft ist dabei, dass durch Beeinflussung der Urformung und/oder über ein in der festen Verbindung angeordnetes Ventil eine Dosierung der Nanopartikel erfolgt. It is advantageous that, by influencing the primary shaping and / or via a valve arranged in the fixed connection, metering of the nanoparticles takes place.
Dadurch lässt sich einerseits beim Herstellungs- bzw. Urformungsprozess die Menge der neu hergestellten Nanoprtikel einstellen, und andererseits die Menge der transportierten Nanopartikel beeinflussen. On the one hand, this makes it possible to adjust the quantity of newly produced nanoparticles during the production or primary shaping process and, on the other hand, to influence the amount of nanoparticles transported.
Ein besonderer Vorzug ergibt sich, wenn am Extruder über eine weitere feste Verbindung ein Vakuum anliegt, von welchem zwischen der festen Verbindung und der zweiten festen Verbindung ein Druckgefälle aufgebaut ist, über welches das Transportmedium mit den Nanopartikeln aus dem Reaktor abgesaugt und die Nanopartikel der Schmelze zugeführt werden. A particular advantage results when a vacuum is applied to the extruder via a further solid compound, from which a pressure gradient is built up between the solid compound and the second solid compound, via which the transport medium with the nanoparticles is sucked out of the reactor and the nanoparticles of the melt be supplied.
Durch das Druckgefälle wird das Transportmedium mit den Nanopartikeln zur Vakuumpumpe gesaugt. Auf dem Wege dahin treffen die Nanopartikel auf die Schmelze und haften an dieser an, so dass nur noch das Transportmedium zur Vakuumpumpe gelangt. Due to the pressure gradient, the transport medium with the nanoparticles is sucked to the vacuum pump. Along the way, the nanoparticles hit the melt and adhere to it, so that only the transport medium reaches the vacuum pump.
Vorzugsweise wird die Dosierung und / oder das Mischen der Nanopartikel mit der Schmelze und/oder die Einstellung des Unterdrucks gesteuert bzw. geregelt erfolgen. Vorrichtungsmäßig wird die Aufgabe dadurch gelöst, dass ein Ausgang eines dem Extruder möglichst nahe zugeordneten Reaktors zum Urformen von Nanopartikeln und unmittelbaren Einbringen derselben in ein gasförmiges Transportmedium durch eine feste Verbindung mit einer Einspeiseöffnung des Extruders unmittelbar verbunden ist. Preferably, the metering and / or the mixing of the nanoparticles with the melt and / or the adjustment of the negative pressure are controlled or regulated. In terms of apparatus, the object is achieved in that an outlet of the extruder as closely as possible associated reactor for primary molding of nanoparticles and direct introduction of the same is introduced into a gaseous transport medium by a fixed connection with a feed port of the extruder directly.
Damit wird erreicht, dass die Nanopartikel direkt nach der Herstellung ohne Zwischenlagerung, Verpackung und längerem Transport in ihrer ursprünglich entstandenen Größe gleich der Schmelze zugeführt werden können. This ensures that the nanoparticles can be fed directly to the melt immediately after production without intermediate storage, packaging and longer transport in their original size.
Von Vorteil ist, dass dem Extruder an einer Absaugöffnung über eine weitere feste Verbindung eine Vakuumpumpe zugeordnet ist und dass zwischen der Vakuumpumpe und dem Reaktor über die Schmelze besetzte/besetzten Schnecke/Schnecken ein Kontakt derart besteht, dass das Transportmedium mit den Nanopartikeln über die Schmelzeoberfläche geführt wird. It is advantageous that a vacuum pump is assigned to the extruder at a suction opening via a further fixed connection and that contact between the vacuum pump and the reactor via the melt occupied / occupied screw / screw contact such that the transport medium with the nanoparticles on the melt surface to be led.
Dadurch wird erreicht, dass durch das von der Vakuumpumpe aufgebaute Druckgefälle im Extruder die im Reaktor neu erzeugten Nanopartikel aus dessen Ausgang umgehend abgesogen werden, so dass den Nanopartikeln noch weniger Zeit bleibt, zu verklumpen bzw. agglomerieren. As a result, the nanoparticles newly produced in the reactor are immediately sucked out of its outlet by the pressure gradient built up in the extruder by the vacuum pump, so that the nanoparticles have even less time to agglomerate or agglomerate.
Es empfiehlt sich, den Ausgang des Reaktors und/oder die feste Verbindung und/oder die Einspeiseöffnung des Extruders und/oder die Absaugöffnung und/oder die weitere feste Verbindung mit einer austauschbaren Schutzschicht auszukleiden. It is advisable to line the exit of the reactor and / or the solid connection and / or the feed opening of the extruder and / or the suction opening and / or the further solid connection with an exchangeable protective layer.
Dadurch kann z.B. im Zuge eines Produktwechsels der Reinigungsaufwand durch Austausch der Schutzschicht erheblich minimiert werden. Um den Eintrag der Nanopartikel in die Schmelze günstig zu beeinflussen wird vorgeschlagen, dass der festen Verbindung und/oder der weiteren festen Verbindung in ihrer Temperatur einstellbare Temperiervorrichtungen zugeordnet sind. As a result, for example, in the course of a product change, the cleaning effort by replacing the protective layer can be significantly minimized. In order to favorably influence the entry of the nanoparticles into the melt, it is proposed that tempering devices adjustable in their temperature are assigned to the solid compound and / or the further solid compound.
Ein besonders kompakter und wirkungsvoller Aufbau wird erreicht, wenn die feste Verbindung und die weitere feste Verbindung eine Einheit bilden, wobei die Ein- speiseöffnung des Extruders und die Vakuumpumpe beabstandet, vorzugsweise am Extruder gegenüberliegend ausgebildet sind. A particularly compact and effective construction is achieved when the fixed connection and the further fixed connection form a unit, wherein the feed opening of the extruder and the vacuum pump are spaced apart, preferably formed on the extruder opposite.
Die Beabstandung ist wichtig, damit den Nanopartikeln genügend Weg und Zeit verbleibt, sich mit der Schmelze zu verbinden. The spacing is important so that the nanoparticles have enough way and time to bond to the melt.
Es empfiehlt sich, dass zwischen dem Reaktor und dem Extruder ein erstes Ventil zur Dosierung der im Transportmedium befindlichen Nanopartikel und/oder dass zwischen Extruder und Vakuumpumpe ein zweites Ventil zum Einstellen des Unterdrucks vorgesehen ist. It is recommended that between the reactor and the extruder, a first valve for metering the nanoparticles in the transport medium and / or that between the extruder and the vacuum pump, a second valve for adjusting the negative pressure is provided.
Durch die Ventile lässt sich das Mischungsverhältnis einfach beeinflussen. The valves can easily influence the mixing ratio.
Dabei ist es vorteilhaft, wenn eine Steuer- bzw. Regelvorrichtung zumindest auf eines der Ventile einwirkt und die Dosierung der Nanopartikel automatisch übernimmt. It is advantageous if a control or regulating device acts on at least one of the valves and takes over the metering of the nanoparticles automatically.
Selbstverständlich kann die Steuer- bzw. Regelvorrichtung auch schon auf den Urformungsprozess (Herstellungsprozess der neuen Nanopartikel) einwirken, und so die Menge der neu hergestellten Nanopartikel einstellen. Of course, the control device can also already act on the primary forming process (production process of the new nanoparticles) and thus adjust the amount of newly produced nanoparticles.
Die Erfindung wird anhand einer Zeichnung näher erläutert. Dabei zeigt die Figur einen Extruder 1 , dessen nicht gezeigte Welle über einen Motor 2 angetrieben wird. Über eine Zuführvorrichtung 3 kann Granulat in den Extruder 1 eingebracht werden. The invention will be explained in more detail with reference to a drawing. The figure shows an extruder 1, the shaft, not shown, driven by a motor 2 becomes. Granules can be introduced into the extruder 1 via a feed device 3.
Ein Reaktor 4 ist direkt mit dem Extruder 1 über eine feste Verbindung 5 gekoppelt. Über die feste Verbindung 5, in der ein erstes Ventil 6 angeordnet ist, werden die im Reaktor erzeugten Nanopartikel direkt dem Extruder 1 und der im Extruder 1 befindlichen Schmelze zugeführt. A reactor 4 is directly coupled to the extruder 1 via a fixed connection 5. Via the fixed connection 5, in which a first valve 6 is arranged, the nanoparticles produced in the reactor are fed directly to the extruder 1 and the melt located in the extruder 1.
Eine Vakuumpumpe 7 ist über eine weitere feste Verbindung 8, die ein zweites Ventil 9 aufweist mit dem Extruder 1 verbunden. Die Vakuumpumpe 7 erzeugt einen Unterdruck, der ein Druckgefälle zwischen der weiteren festen Verbindung 8 und der festen Verbindung 5 erzeugt. Über dieses Druckgefälle werden die Nanopartikel aus dem Reaktor 4 abgesaugt. A vacuum pump 7 is connected to the extruder 1 via a further fixed connection 8, which has a second valve 9. The vacuum pump 7 generates a negative pressure, which generates a pressure gradient between the further fixed connection 8 and the fixed connection 5. About this pressure gradient, the nanoparticles are sucked out of the reactor 4.
Über eine Regelvorrichtung 10 kann auf das erste Ventil 6 eingewirkt werden, um die Nanopartikel zu dosieren. Die Regelvorrichtung 8 kann selbstverständlich bei Bedarf auch die übrigen Aggregate der Vorrichtung steuern bzw. regeln, um möglichst optimal einen Kunststoff mit den gewünschten Eigenschaften zu erhalten. Via a regulating device 10, the first valve 6 can be acted upon in order to dose the nanoparticles. The control device 8 can, of course, control or regulate the other aggregates of the device, if necessary, in order to optimally obtain a plastic with the desired properties.
Bezugszeichenübersicht Reference numeral Overview
1 Extruder 1 extruder
2 Motor  2 engine
3 Zuführvorrichtung 3 feeder
4 Reaktor 4 reactor
5 feste Verbindung 5 solid connection
6 erstes Ventil 6 first valve
7 Vakuumpumpe  7 vacuum pump
8 weitere feste Verbindung 8 more solid connection
9 zweites Ventil 9 second valve
10 Steuer/Regelvorrichtung  10 control device

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
1. Verfahren zur Herstellung von mit Nanopartikeln versehenen, in einem Extruder (1 ) geförderten Kunststoffschmelzen, 1. A process for the production of nanoparticulate, in an extruder (1) funded plastic melts,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,  characterized,
dass in einem, dem Extruder möglichst nahe zugeordneten Reaktor (4) Na- nopartikel urgeformt werden, dass die Nanopartikel vom Urformungsort durch ein Transportmedium aus dem Reaktor (4) abgefördert und über eine feste Verbindung (5) in den Extruder (1 ) eingespeist werden, dass sich die Nanopartikel mit der Schmelze verbinden, dass die Schmelze mit den Nanopartikeln im Extruder (1 ) gemischt wird, und dass das Transportmedium aus dem Extruder (1 ) abgeleitet wird.  that nanoparticles are formed in a reactor (4), which is as close as possible to the extruder (4), that the nanoparticles are removed from the reactor (4) from the original site by a transport medium and fed into the extruder (1) via a solid compound (5) in that the nanoparticles combine with the melt, that the melt is mixed with the nanoparticles in the extruder (1), and that the transport medium is discharged from the extruder (1).
2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 , 2. The method according to claim 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,  characterized,
dass durch Beeinflussung der Urformung und/oder über ein in der festen Verbindung (5) angeordnetes Ventil (6) eine Dosierung der Nanopartikel erfolgt.  in that the nanoparticles are metered by influencing the primary shaping and / or by means of a valve (6) arranged in the fixed connection (5).
3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, 3. The method according to claim 1 or 2,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,  characterized,
dass am Extruder (1 ) über eine weitere feste Verbindung (8) ein Vakuum anliegt, von welchem zwischen der weiteren festen Verbindung (8) und der festen Verbindung (5) ein Druckgefälle aufgebaut ist, über welches das Transportmedium mit den Nanopartikeln aus dem Reaktor (4) abgesaugt und die Nanopartikel der Schmelze zugeführt werden. a vacuum is applied to the extruder (1) via a further fixed connection (8), from which a pressure gradient is built up between the further fixed connection (8) and the fixed connection (5), via which the transport medium with the nanoparticles from the reactor (4) aspirated and the nanoparticles are fed to the melt.
4. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, 4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,  characterized,
dass die Dosierung und/oder das Mischen der Nanopartikel mit der Schmelze und/oder die Einstellung des Unterdrucks gesteuert bzw. geregelt erfolgt.  that the metering and / or mixing of the nanoparticles with the melt and / or the adjustment of the negative pressure is controlled or regulated.
5. Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens nach den Ansprüchen 1 bis 4 zum Herstellen von mit Nanopartikeln versehenen, in eine in einem Extruder (1 ) geförderten Kunststoffschmelzen, 5. An apparatus for carrying out the method according to claims 1 to 4 for the production of nanoparticles, in a in an extruder (1) funded plastic melts,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,  characterized,
dass ein Ausgang eines dem Extruder (1 ) möglichst nahe zugeordneten Reaktors (4) zum Urformen von Nanopartikeln und unmittelbaren Einbringen derselben in ein gasförmiges Transportmedium durch eine feste Verbindung (5) mit einer Einspeiseöffnung des Extruders (1 ) unmittelbar verbunden ist.  in that an exit of a reactor (4), which is as close as possible to the extruder (1) for primary shaping of nanoparticles and direct introduction thereof into a gaseous transport medium, is directly connected to a feed opening of the extruder (1) by a fixed connection (5).
6. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 5, 6. Apparatus according to claim 5,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,  characterized,
dass dem Extruder (1 ) an einer Absaugöffnung über eine weitere feste Verbindung (8) eine Vakuumpumpe (7) zugeordnet ist und dass zwischen der Vakuumpumpe (7) und dem Reaktor (4) über die Schmelze besetzte/besetzten Schnecke/Schnecken ein Kontakt derart besteht, dass das Transportmedium mit den Nanopartikeln über die Schmelzeoberfläche geführt wird.  in that a vacuum pump (7) is associated with the extruder (1) at a suction opening via a further fixed connection (8), and that a contact is made in such a way between the vacuum pump (7) and the reactor (4) via the melt / occupied screw / screw exists that the transport medium is guided with the nanoparticles over the melt surface.
7. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 6, 7. Apparatus according to claim 6,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,  characterized,
dass der Ausgang des Reaktors (4) und/oder die feste Verbindung (5) und/oder die Einspeiseöffnung des Extruders (1 ) und/oder die weitere feste Verbindung (8) mit einer austauschbaren Schutzschicht ausgekleidet ist/sind. that the outlet of the reactor (4) and / or the solid compound (5) and / or the feed port of the extruder (1) and / or the other solid Compound (8) is lined with a replaceable protective layer / are.
8. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 6 oder 7, 8. Apparatus according to claim 6 or 7,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,  characterized,
dass der festen Verbindung (5) und/oder der weiteren festen Verbindung (8) in ihrer Temperatur einstellbare Temperiervorrichtungen zugeordnet sind.  in that temperature-adjustable temperature control devices are associated with the fixed connection (5) and / or the further fixed connection (8).
9. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 6 bis 8, 9. Device according to one of claims 6 to 8,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,  characterized,
dass die feste Verbindung (5) und die weitere feste Verbindung (8) eine Einheit bilden, wobei die Einspeiseöffnung und die Absaugöffnung des Extruders (1 ) beabstandet, vorzugsweise am Extruder (1 ) gegenüberliegend ausgebildet sind.  in that the fixed connection (5) and the further fixed connection (8) form a unit, wherein the inlet opening and the suction opening of the extruder (1) are spaced apart, preferably opposite to the extruder (1).
10. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, 10. Device according to one of claims 1 to 6,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,  characterized,
dass zwischen Reaktor (4) und Extruder (1 ) ein erstes Ventil (6) zur Dosierung der im Transportmedium befindlichen Nanopartikel und/oder dass zwischen Extruder (1 ) und Vakuumpumpe (7) ein zweites Ventil (9) zum Einstellen eines Unterdrucks vorgesehen ist/sind.  in that a first valve (6) for metering the nanoparticles in the transport medium is provided between the reactor (4) and the extruder (1) and / or that a second valve (9) is provided between the extruder (1) and the vacuum pump (7) for setting a negative pressure /are.
11. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 7, 11. Device according to claim 7,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,  characterized,
dass eine Steuer- bzw. Regelvorrichtung (10) vorgesehen ist, die zumindest auf eines der Ventile (6, 9) einwirkt und die Dosierung der Nanopartikel steuert bzw. regelt.  a control or regulating device (10) is provided which acts on at least one of the valves (6, 9) and controls or regulates the metering of the nanoparticles.
PCT/EP2012/000305 2011-01-26 2012-01-24 Method and device for producing plastic melts provided with nanoparticles WO2012100936A1 (en)

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