WO2011108355A1 - リチウムイオン電池用正極活物質、リチウムイオン電池用正極、及び、リチウムイオン電池 - Google Patents
リチウムイオン電池用正極活物質、リチウムイオン電池用正極、及び、リチウムイオン電池 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2011108355A1 WO2011108355A1 PCT/JP2011/053271 JP2011053271W WO2011108355A1 WO 2011108355 A1 WO2011108355 A1 WO 2011108355A1 JP 2011053271 W JP2011053271 W JP 2011053271W WO 2011108355 A1 WO2011108355 A1 WO 2011108355A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/52—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
- H01M4/525—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/131—Electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/50—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese
- H01M4/505—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M2004/021—Physical characteristics, e.g. porosity, surface area
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/362—Composites
- H01M4/366—Composites as layered products
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a positive electrode active material for a lithium ion battery, a positive electrode for a lithium ion battery, and a lithium ion battery.
- Lithium-containing transition metal oxides are generally used as positive electrode active materials for lithium ion batteries. Specifically, lithium cobaltate (LiCoO 2 ), lithium nickelate (LiNiO 2 ), lithium manganate (LiMn 2 O 4 ), etc., improved characteristics (higher capacity, cycle characteristics, storage characteristics, reduced internal resistance) In order to improve the rate characteristics and safety, it is underway to combine them. Lithium ion batteries for large-scale applications such as in-vehicle use and load leveling are required to have characteristics different from those for conventional cellular phones and personal computers, and particularly favorable rate characteristics are regarded as important.
- Patent Document 1 discloses that in a layered lithium nickel composite oxide powder for a lithium secondary battery positive electrode material, the bulk density is increased, and It is described that the rate characteristics of the battery can be improved by controlling the diameters of the primary particles and the secondary particles.
- an important rate characteristic is an important characteristic required for a battery, and there is still room for improvement as a positive electrode active material for a high quality lithium ion battery.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a positive electrode active material for a lithium ion battery having good rate characteristics.
- the present inventor has found that there is a close correlation between the amount of change in density due to pressing of the positive electrode active material and the rate characteristics of the produced battery.
- there are evaluation methods such as bulk density, tap density, and press density as a method for measuring the density.
- the density after pressing directly affects the volume of the battery to be produced. I'm concerned.
- the density increases when the pressure during pressing increases, but the fact that the density changes greatly with changes in pressure means that the particles are broken or deformed, suggesting that the particle strength is weak. Such particles may also be electrochemically unstable.
- the rate characteristics of the battery become higher as the amount of change in the density of the positive electrode active material due to the change in the press pressure is smaller.
- the present invention completed on the basis of the above knowledge has a composition formula: Li x (Ni y M 1-y ) O z (Wherein M is Mn and Co, x is 0.9 to 1.2, y is 0.6 to 0.9, and z is 1.8 to 2.4.)
- the positive electrode active material for a lithium ion battery according to the present invention has a density ratio D2 / D1 of 1.062 or less.
- the positive electrode active material for a lithium ion battery according to the present invention has a density ratio D2 / D1 of 1.060 or less.
- the average particle diameter of primary particles or secondary particles of the positive electrode active material powder is 2 to 8 ⁇ m.
- the present invention is a positive electrode for a lithium ion battery using the positive electrode active material for a lithium ion battery according to the present invention.
- the present invention is a lithium ion battery using the positive electrode for a lithium ion battery according to the present invention.
- a positive electrode active material for a lithium ion battery having good rate characteristics can be provided.
- lithium cobaltate LiCoO 2
- lithium-containing transition metal oxides such as lithium nickelate (LiNiO 2 ) and lithium manganate (LiMn 2 O 4 ).
- the positive electrode active material for a lithium ion battery of the present invention produced using such a material has a composition formula: Li x (Ni y M 1-y ) O z (Wherein M is Mn and Co, x is 0.9 to 1.2, y is 0.6 to 0.9, and z is 1.8 to 2.4.) It has a layer structure.
- the ratio of lithium to all metals in the positive electrode active material for lithium ion batteries is 0.9 to 1.2. However, if the ratio is less than 0.9, it is difficult to maintain a stable crystal structure, and the ratio exceeding 1.2 is excessive. This is because lithium forms another compound that does not function as an active material, and the high capacity of the battery cannot be secured.
- the density ratio D2 / D1 is 1.065 or less. This is because if the density ratio D2 / D1 is greater than 1.065, the rate characteristics are degraded.
- the density ratio D2 / D1 is preferably 1.062 or less, and more preferably 1.060 or less.
- the positive electrode active material for a lithium ion battery is composed of primary particles, secondary particles formed by aggregation of primary particles, or a mixture of primary particles and secondary particles.
- the positive electrode active material for a lithium ion battery preferably has an average particle size of primary particles or secondary particles of 2 to 8 ⁇ m. When the average particle size is less than 2 ⁇ m, it becomes difficult to apply to the current collector. If the average particle size is more than 8 ⁇ m, voids are likely to occur during filling, and the filling property is lowered.
- the average particle diameter is more preferably 3 to 6 ⁇ m.
- the positive electrode for a lithium ion battery includes, for example, a positive electrode mixture prepared by mixing a positive electrode active material for a lithium ion battery having the above-described configuration, a conductive additive, and a binder from an aluminum foil or the like.
- the current collector has a structure provided on one side or both sides.
- the lithium ion battery which concerns on embodiment of this invention is equipped with the positive electrode for lithium ion batteries of such a structure.
- a metal salt solution is prepared.
- the metals are Ni, Co and Mn.
- the metal salt is sulfate, chloride, nitrate, acetate, etc., and nitrate is particularly preferable. This is because even if it is mixed as an impurity in the firing raw material, it can be fired as it is, so that the washing step can be omitted, and nitrate functions as an oxidant, and promotes the oxidation of the metal in the firing raw material.
- Each metal contained in the metal salt is adjusted so as to have a desired molar ratio. Thereby, the molar ratio of each metal in the positive electrode active material is determined.
- lithium carbonate is suspended in pure water, and then the metal salt solution of the metal is added to prepare a metal carbonate solution slurry. At this time, fine particles of lithium-containing carbonate precipitate in the slurry. If the lithium compound does not react during heat treatment such as sulfate or chloride as a metal salt, it is washed with a saturated lithium carbonate solution and then filtered off. When the lithium compound reacts as a lithium raw material during heat treatment, such as nitrate or acetate, it can be used as a calcining precursor without being washed, filtered off as it is, and dried. Next, the lithium-containing carbonate separated by filtration is dried to obtain a powder of a lithium salt composite (a precursor for a lithium ion battery positive electrode active material).
- a lithium salt composite a precursor for a lithium ion battery positive electrode active material
- a firing container having a predetermined capacity is prepared, and this firing container is filled with a precursor powder for a lithium ion battery positive electrode active material.
- the firing container filled with the powder of the precursor for the lithium ion battery positive electrode active material is transferred to a firing furnace and fired by heating and holding for a predetermined time. Thereafter, the powder is taken out from the firing container and pulverized to obtain a positive electrode active material powder.
- the positive electrode for a lithium ion battery according to the present invention is a current collector made of an aluminum foil or the like made of a positive electrode mixture prepared by mixing a positive electrode active material prepared as described above, a conductive additive, and a binder.
- the lithium ion battery of the present invention is manufactured using this positive electrode for a lithium ion battery.
- Examples 1 to 7 and Comparative Examples 1 to 4 First, after suspending the amount of lithium carbonate described in Table 1 in pure water, a metal salt solution was added at 1.6 L / hr.
- the metal salt solution was prepared by adjusting each hydrate of nickel nitrate, cobalt nitrate, and manganese nitrate so that Ni: Mn: Co had the composition ratio shown in Table 1, and the total number of moles of metal was 14 moles. It was adjusted to become.
- fine particles of lithium-containing carbonate were precipitated in the solution, and this precipitate was filtered off using a filter press.
- the precipitate was dried to obtain a lithium-containing carbonate (a precursor for a lithium ion battery positive electrode material).
- a firing container was prepared, and this firing container was filled with a lithium-containing carbonate.
- the firing container was put into a firing furnace, and the temperature was raised to the firing temperature shown in Table 1 over 6 hours, followed by heating and holding for 2 hours, followed by cooling to obtain an oxide.
- the obtained oxide was crushed to obtain a powder of a lithium ion secondary battery positive electrode material.
- the density was calculated using this, and the density D1 by the press of 100 MPa and the density D2 by the press of 300 MPa were obtained, and D2 / D1 was calculated using this.
- These positive electrode material, conductive material, and binder are weighed in a ratio of 85: 8: 7, and the positive electrode material and the conductive material are mixed into a material in which the binder is dissolved in an organic solvent (N-methylpyrrolidone). Slurried, applied onto an Al foil, dried and pressed to obtain a positive electrode. Subsequently, a 2032 type coin cell for evaluation with Li as the counter electrode was prepared, and 1M-LiPF 6 dissolved in EC-DMC (1: 1) was used as the electrolyte, and the current density was 0.2C.
- FIG. 1 is a graph showing the relationship between the density ratio (D2 / D1) and the rate characteristics according to Examples 1 to 7 and Comparative Examples 1 to 4 shown in Table 1.
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Abstract
Description
(式中、MはMn及びCoであり、xは0.9~1.2であり、yは0.6~0.9であり、zは1.8~2.4である。)
で表される層構造を有するリチウムイオン電池用正極活物質であり、該正極活物質の粉体を100MPaでプレスしたときの該正極活物質の密度をD1、300MPaでプレスしたときの該正極活物質の密度をD2とすると、密度比D2/D1が1.065以下であるリチウムイオン電池用正極活物質である。
本発明のリチウムイオン電池用正極活物質の材料としては、一般的なリチウムイオン電池用正極用の正極活物質として有用な化合物を広く用いることができるが、特に、コバルト酸リチウム(LiCoO2)、ニッケル酸リチウム(LiNiO2)、マンガン酸リチウム(LiMn2O4)等のリチウム含有遷移金属酸化物を用いるのが好ましい。このような材料を用いて作製される本発明のリチウムイオン電池用正極活物質は、組成式:Lix(NiyM1-y)Oz
(式中、MはMn及びCoであり、xは0.9~1.2であり、yは0.6~0.9であり、zは1.8~2.4である。)
で表され、層構造を有している。
リチウムイオン電池用正極活物質における全金属に対するリチウムの比率が0.9~1.2であるが、これは、0.9未満では、安定した結晶構造を保持し難く、1.2超では過剰リチウムが活物質として機能しない別の化合物を形成し、電池の高容量が確保できなくなるためである。
平均粒径が2μm未満であると集電体への塗布が困難となる。平均粒径が8μm超であると充填時に空隙が生じやすくなり、充填性が低下する。また、平均粒径は、より好ましくは3~6μmである。
本発明の実施形態に係るリチウムイオン電池用正極は、例えば、上述の構成のリチウムイオン電池用正極活物質と、導電助剤と、バインダーとを混合して調製した正極合剤をアルミニウム箔等からなる集電体の片面または両面に設けた構造を有している。また、本発明の実施形態に係るリチウムイオン電池は、このような構成のリチウムイオン電池用正極を備えている。
次に、本発明の実施形態に係るリチウムイオン電池用正極活物質の製造方法について詳細に説明する。
まず、金属塩溶液を作製する。当該金属は、Ni、Co及びMnである。また、金属塩は硫酸塩、塩化物、硝酸塩、酢酸塩等であり、特に硝酸塩が好ましい。これは、焼成原料中に不純物として混入してもそのまま焼成できるため洗浄工程が省けることと、硝酸塩が酸化剤として機能し、焼成原料中の金属の酸化を促進する働きがあるためである。金属塩に含まれる各金属を所望のモル比率となるように調整しておく。これにより、正極活物質中の各金属のモル比率が決定する。
次に、濾別したリチウム含有炭酸塩を乾燥することにより、リチウム塩の複合体(リチウムイオン電池正極活物質用前駆体)の粉末を得る。
その後、焼成容器から粉末を取り出し、粉砕を行うことにより正極活物質の粉体を得る。
また、本発明のリチウムイオン電池用正極は、上述のようにして作製した正極活物質と、導電助剤と、バインダーとを混合して調製した正極合剤をアルミニウム箔等からなる集電体の片面または両面に設けることで作製され、さらに、本発明のリチウムイオン電池は、このリチウムイオン電池用正極を用いて作製される。
まず、表1に記載の量の炭酸リチウムを純水に懸濁させた後、金属塩溶液を1.6L/hrで投入した。ここで、金属塩溶液は、硝酸ニッケル、硝酸コバルト及び硝酸マンガンの各水和物をNi:Mn:Coが表1に記載の組成比になるように調整し、また全金属モル数が14モルになるように調整した。
この処理により溶液中に微小粒のリチウム含有炭酸塩が析出したが、この析出物を、フィルタープレスを使用して濾別した。
続いて、析出物を乾燥してリチウム含有炭酸塩(リチウムイオン電池正極材用前駆体)を得た。
次に、焼成容器を準備し、この焼成容器内にリチウム含有炭酸塩を充填した。次に、焼成容器を焼成炉に入れて、表1に記載の焼成温度まで6時間かけて昇温させ、続いて2時間加熱保持した後冷却して酸化物を得た。次に、得られた酸化物を解砕し、リチウムイオン二次電池正極材の粉末を得た。
各正極材中のLi、Ni、Mn及びCo含有量は、誘導結合プラズマ発光分光分析装置(ICP-AES)で測定し、各金属の組成比(モル比)を算出した。また、X線回折により、結晶構造は層状構造であることを確認した。
平均粒径はレーザー回折法による粒度分布における50%径とした。
各正極材の粉体を4g採取し、17.5mm径のダイスに充填し、24.0kN、72.2kNの力でそれぞれプレスし、得られたペレットの厚みを測定した。これを用いて密度を計算し、100MPaのプレスによる密度D1、及び、300MPaのプレスによる密度D2を得て、これを用いてD2/D1を算出した。
これらの正極材料と、導電材と、バインダーとを85:8:7の割合で秤量し、バインダーを有機溶媒(N-メチルピロリドン)に溶解したものに、正極材料と導電材とを混合してスラリー化し、Al箔上に塗布して乾燥後にプレスして正極とした。続いて、対極をLiとした評価用の2032型コインセルを作製し、電解液に1M-LiPF6をEC-DMC(1:1)に溶解したものを用いて、電流密度0.2Cのときの電池容量に対する電流密度1Cのときの、電池容量の比を算出してレート特性を得た。これらの結果を表1に示す。また、図1に、表1に示した実施例1~7及び比較例1~4に係る密度比(D2/D1)とレート特性との関係を表すグラフを示す。
Claims (6)
- 組成式:Lix(NiyM1-y)Oz
(式中、MはMn及びCoであり、xは0.9~1.2であり、yは0.6~0.9であり、zは1.8~2.4である。)
で表される層構造を有するリチウムイオン電池用正極活物質であり、該正極活物質の粉体を100MPaでプレスしたときの該正極活物質の密度をD1、300MPaでプレスしたときの該正極活物質の密度をD2とすると、密度比D2/D1が1.065以下であるリチウムイオン電池用正極活物質。 - 前記密度比D2/D1が1.062以下である請求項1に記載のリチウムイオン電池用正極活物質。
- 前記密度比D2/D1が1.060以下である請求項2に記載のリチウムイオン電池用正極活物質。
- 前記正極活物質の粉体の一次粒子又は二次粒子の平均粒径が2~8μmである請求項1~3のいずれかに記載のリチウムイオン電池用正極活物質。
- 請求項1~4のいずれかに記載のリチウムイオン電池用正極活物質を用いたリチウムイオン電池用正極。
- 請求項5に記載のリチウムイオン電池用正極を用いたリチウムイオン電池。
Priority Applications (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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CN201180012087.9A CN102770992B (zh) | 2010-03-04 | 2011-02-16 | 锂离子电池用正极活性物质、锂离子电池用正极及锂离子电池 |
EP11750468.8A EP2544270A4 (en) | 2010-03-04 | 2011-02-16 | POSITIVE ACTIVE ELECTRODE MATERIAL FOR A LITHIUM ION BATTERY, POSITIVE ELECTRODE FOR A LITHIUM ION BATTERY AND LITHIUM ION BATTERY |
JP2012503054A JP5843753B2 (ja) | 2010-03-04 | 2011-02-16 | リチウムイオン電池用正極活物質、リチウムイオン電池用正極、及び、リチウムイオン電池 |
KR1020127003738A KR101411790B1 (ko) | 2010-03-04 | 2011-02-16 | 리튬 이온 전지용 정극 활물질, 리튬 이온 전지용 정극, 및 리튬 이온 전지 |
US13/508,880 US20120231342A1 (en) | 2010-03-04 | 2011-02-16 | Positive Electrode Active Material For Lithium-Ion Battery, Positive Electrode For Lithium-Ion Battery, And Lithium-Ion Battery |
US14/926,843 US20160049654A1 (en) | 2010-03-04 | 2015-10-29 | Positive Electrode Active Material For Lithium-Ion Battery, Positive Electrode For Lithium-Ion Battery, And Lithium-Ion Battery |
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US13/508,880 A-371-Of-International US20120231342A1 (en) | 2010-03-04 | 2011-02-16 | Positive Electrode Active Material For Lithium-Ion Battery, Positive Electrode For Lithium-Ion Battery, And Lithium-Ion Battery |
US14/926,843 Continuation US20160049654A1 (en) | 2010-03-04 | 2015-10-29 | Positive Electrode Active Material For Lithium-Ion Battery, Positive Electrode For Lithium-Ion Battery, And Lithium-Ion Battery |
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US8748041B2 (en) | 2009-03-31 | 2014-06-10 | Jx Nippon Mining & Metals Corporation | Positive electrode active material for lithium ion battery |
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EP2704237B1 (en) | 2011-03-29 | 2016-06-01 | JX Nippon Mining & Metals Corporation | Production method for positive electrode active material for lithium ion batteries and positive electrode active material for lithium ion batteries |
EP2693536B1 (en) | 2011-03-31 | 2017-05-03 | JX Nippon Mining & Metals Corporation | Positive electrode active material for lithium ion batteries, positive electrode for lithium ion battery, and lithium ion battery |
JP6292739B2 (ja) | 2012-01-26 | 2018-03-14 | Jx金属株式会社 | リチウムイオン電池用正極活物質、リチウムイオン電池用正極、及び、リチウムイオン電池 |
JP6292738B2 (ja) | 2012-01-26 | 2018-03-14 | Jx金属株式会社 | リチウムイオン電池用正極活物質、リチウムイオン電池用正極、及び、リチウムイオン電池 |
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- 2011-02-16 JP JP2012503054A patent/JP5843753B2/ja active Active
- 2011-02-16 US US13/508,880 patent/US20120231342A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2011-02-16 KR KR1020127003738A patent/KR101411790B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2011-02-16 EP EP11750468.8A patent/EP2544270A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2011-02-18 TW TW100105330A patent/TWI453983B/zh active
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2015
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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CN102770992A (zh) | 2012-11-07 |
KR101411790B1 (ko) | 2014-06-24 |
TW201205938A (en) | 2012-02-01 |
US20160049654A1 (en) | 2016-02-18 |
US20120231342A1 (en) | 2012-09-13 |
KR20120042973A (ko) | 2012-05-03 |
JP5843753B2 (ja) | 2016-01-13 |
EP2544270A1 (en) | 2013-01-09 |
JPWO2011108355A1 (ja) | 2013-06-24 |
TWI453983B (zh) | 2014-09-21 |
CN102770992B (zh) | 2015-07-22 |
EP2544270A4 (en) | 2014-06-11 |
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