WO2008010157A2 - Codage et décodage vidéo évolutif - Google Patents

Codage et décodage vidéo évolutif Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2008010157A2
WO2008010157A2 PCT/IB2007/052774 IB2007052774W WO2008010157A2 WO 2008010157 A2 WO2008010157 A2 WO 2008010157A2 IB 2007052774 W IB2007052774 W IB 2007052774W WO 2008010157 A2 WO2008010157 A2 WO 2008010157A2
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
block
offset value
current frame
enhancement layer
zero
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/IB2007/052774
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English (en)
Other versions
WO2008010157B1 (fr
WO2008010157A3 (fr
Inventor
Justin Ridge
Xianglin Wang
Original Assignee
Nokia Corporation
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Nokia Corporation filed Critical Nokia Corporation
Publication of WO2008010157A2 publication Critical patent/WO2008010157A2/fr
Publication of WO2008010157A3 publication Critical patent/WO2008010157A3/fr
Publication of WO2008010157B1 publication Critical patent/WO2008010157B1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
    • H04N19/30—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using hierarchical techniques, e.g. scalability
    • H04N19/34—Scalability techniques involving progressive bit-plane based encoding of the enhancement layer, e.g. fine granular scalability [FGS]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
    • H04N19/10—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding
    • H04N19/102—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the element, parameter or selection affected or controlled by the adaptive coding
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
    • H04N19/10—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding
    • H04N19/102—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the element, parameter or selection affected or controlled by the adaptive coding
    • H04N19/13—Adaptive entropy coding, e.g. adaptive variable length coding [AVLC] or context adaptive binary arithmetic coding [CABAC]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
    • H04N19/10—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding
    • H04N19/169—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the coding unit, i.e. the structural portion or semantic portion of the video signal being the object or the subject of the adaptive coding
    • H04N19/187—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the coding unit, i.e. the structural portion or semantic portion of the video signal being the object or the subject of the adaptive coding the unit being a scalable video layer
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
    • H04N19/60—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using transform coding
    • H04N19/61—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using transform coding in combination with predictive coding
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
    • H04N19/70—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals characterised by syntax aspects related to video coding, e.g. related to compression standards
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
    • H04N19/90—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using coding techniques not provided for in groups H04N19/10-H04N19/85, e.g. fractals
    • H04N19/91—Entropy coding, e.g. variable length coding [VLC] or arithmetic coding

Definitions

  • the present invention relates generally to video coding and video decoding. More particularly, the present invention relates to scalable video coding and decoding.
  • Video coding standards include ITU-T H.261, ISO/IEC MPEG-I Visual, ITU-T H.262 or ISO/IEC MPEG-2 Visual, ITU-T H.263, ISO/IEC MPEG-4 Visual and ITU-T H.264 (also known as ISO/IEC MPEG-4 AVC).
  • SVC scalable video coding
  • a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) scalable video stream has the property that the video of a lower quality level can be reconstructed from a partial bitstream.
  • Fine granularity scalability is one type of SNR scalability that the scalable stream can be arbitrarily truncated.
  • Figure 1 illustrates how a stream of FGS property is generated in MPEG-4. First, a base layer is coded in a non-scalable bitstream. An FGS layer is then coded on top of that. The arrows in Figure 1 indicate the prediction relationship, i.e., the base layer of Frame n-1 is used to predict both the base layer of Frame n and the first FGS layer of Frame n-1, etc.
  • MPEG-4 FGS does not exploit any temporal correlation within the FGS layers. As a result, MPEG-4 FGS has the maximal bitstream flexibility, since truncation of the FGS stream of one frame will not affect the decoding of other frames. However, this arrangement hinders overall coding performance.
  • Leaky prediction is a technique that has been used to seek a balance between coding performance and drift control in SNR enhancement layer coding. Leaky prediction is discussed in detail in Hsiang-Chun Huang; Chung-Neng Wang; Tihao Chiang, "A robust fine granularity scalability using trellis-based predictive leak", IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology, pages 372 - 385, vol. 12, Issue 6, June 2002, incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
  • the actual reference frame is formed with a linear combination of the base layer reconstructed frame and the enhancement layer reference frame.
  • the leaky prediction method limits the propagation of the error caused by the mismatch between the reference frame used by the encoder and that used by the decoder. This is because the error will be attenuated every time a new reference signal is formed.
  • a reference block R a n is used.
  • R is formed adaptively from a reference block X b " , which is in the base layer reconstructed frame but collocated with the current block to be coded, and a reference block R" ⁇ l from the enhancement layer reference frame based on the coefficients coded in the base layer, Ql .
  • the actual reference block is obtained by performing an inverse transform
  • a is the leaky factor for a block that includes only zero coefficients at the base layer
  • ⁇ is the leaky factor for zero coefficients in a block that contains non-zero coefficient at the base layer.
  • the values of a and ⁇ are first specified in the header of each progressive refinement slice (i.e., FGS slice). These values are then adaptively adjusted with an offset value from the specified values.
  • the adjusted values which are the summation of the offset value and the value of a or ⁇ specified in the slice header, are eventually to be used in obtaining the reference block Rl .
  • the offset value used for adjustment on the value of a is based on the context for coded block flag as defined in H.264 for the block X b " at the base layer.
  • Such context can be used as an indicator to indicate whether the neighboring blocks of the block X" at the base layer contain only zero value coefficients as well.
  • X b n has one or more neighboring blocks that contain only zero value coefficients as well, it is more likely for the current block X" at the enhancement layer to have many zero value coefficients.
  • the value of a can be adjusted so that a, in this case, bigger weighting factor is given to the enhancement layer reference block R e n ⁇ in forming the reference block R" .
  • Cieplinski, JVT-T078, "MV based adaptation leak factors for AR-FGS", Klagenfurt, Austria, July 2006, also incorporated herein by reference, is also based on the ideas presented in the Steffan Kamp reference, but further adjusts the offset value based on the differential motion vector of the block X b n at the base layer.
  • a differential motion vector is the difference between the motion vector of a current block and its predictive motion vector derived from the motion vectors of the neighboring blocks of the current block.
  • Various embodiments of the present invention present an improved system and method for determining the offset value that is used to adjust the value of a .
  • the adjusted value of a is used as a weighting factor in forming a reference block R a n for a current block X" at an enhancement layer in case its collocated block X h n at the base layer does not contain any non-zero coefficients.
  • the offset value is determined based on the information from the enhancement layer rather than from the base layer.
  • the information includes at least a coded block pattern (or CBP) of the neighboring macroblocks for a current macroblock.
  • the offset value is determined jointly based on the information from the enhancement layer and from the base layer.
  • the information from the base layer includes at least the context for coded block flag for the block XJ .
  • the information from the enhancement layer includes at least the CBPs of the neighboring macroblocks for a current macroblock.
  • the present invention provides important improvements over previous systems and methods for determining offset values.
  • the same or similar quantization parameters are used for different macroblocks in a slice.
  • information from the same slice in an FGS enhancement layer can be more reliable and effective for use in predicting the coefficients in a current block at the enhancement layer than information from the base layer. If a better estimation can be obtained on how likely the current block will contain mainly zero value coefficients, a better prediction drift control can be realized.
  • base layer information is used in determining the offset value. Since an FGS enhancement layer generally uses a much lower QP value than that used in its base layer, the correlation between base layer coefficients and enhancement layer coefficients is relatively low.
  • the present invention can be used to more effectively reduce prediction drift and improve coding efficiency.
  • the invention can be implemented directly in software using any common programming language, e.g. C/C++ or assembly language. This invention can also be implemented in hardware and used in consumer devices.
  • Figure 1 is a representation showing fine granularity scalability with no temporal prediction in the FGS layer
  • Figure 2 is a representation showing fine granularity scalability with temporal prediction in the FGS layer
  • Figure 3 is a representation showing 8x8 block indexing in a macroblock according to H.264;
  • Figure 4 is a representation showing 8x8 blocks whose coded block patterns are used in determining offset values for adjusting leaky factors in a current macroblock;
  • Figure 5 shows a generic multimedia communications system for use with the present invention
  • Figure 6 is a perspective view of a mobile telephone that can be used in the implementation of the present invention.
  • Figure 7 is a schematic representation of the circuitry of the mobile telephone of Figure 6.
  • Figure 5 shows a generic multimedia communications system for use with the present invention.
  • a data source 100 provides a source signal in an analog, uncompressed digital, or compressed digital format, or any combination of these formats.
  • An encoder 110 encodes the source signal into a coded media bitstream.
  • the encoder 1 10 may be capable of encoding more than one media type, such as audio and video, or more than one encoder 110 may be required to code different media types of the source signal.
  • the encoder 110 may also get synthetically produced input, such as graphics and text, or it may be capable of producing coded bitstreams of synthetic media. In the following, only processing of one coded media bitstream of one media type is considered to simplify the description.
  • typically real-time broadcast services comprise several streams (typically at least one audio, video and text sub-titling stream).
  • the system may include many encoders, but in the following only one encoder 1 10 is considered to simplify the description without a lack of generality.
  • the coded media bitstream is transferred to a storage 120.
  • the storage 120 may comprise any type of mass memory to store the coded media bitstream.
  • the format of the coded media bitstream in the storage 120 may be an elementary self- contained bitstream format, or one or more coded media bitstreams may be encapsulated into a container file.
  • Some systems operate "live", i.e., omit storage and transfer coded media bitstream from the encoder 1 10 directly to the sender 130.
  • the coded media bitstream is then transferred to the sender 130, also referred to as the server, on a need basis.
  • the format used in the transmission may be an elementary self-contained bitstream format, a packet stream format, or one or more coded media bitstreams may be encapsulated into a container file.
  • the encoder 110, the storage 120, and the sender 130 may reside in the same physical device or they may be included in separate devices.
  • the encoder 110 and sender 130 may operate with live real-time content, in which case the coded media bitstream is typically not stored permanently, but rather buffered for small periods of time in the content encoder 1 10 and/or in the sender 130 to smooth out variations in processing delay, transfer delay, and coded media bitratc.
  • the sender 130 sends the coded media bitstream using a communication protocol stack.
  • the stack may include, but is not limited to, Real-Time Transport Protocol (RTP), User Datagram Protocol (UDP), and Internet Protocol (IP).
  • RTP Real-Time Transport Protocol
  • UDP User Datagram Protocol
  • IP Internet Protocol
  • the sender 130 encapsulates the coded media bitstream into packets.
  • RTP Real-Time Transport Protocol
  • UDP User Datagram Protocol
  • IP Internet Protocol
  • the sender 130 encapsulates the coded media bitstream into packets.
  • RTP Real-Time Transport Protocol
  • UDP User Datagram Protocol
  • IP Internet Protocol
  • the sender 130 may or may not be connected to a gateway 140 through a communication network.
  • the gateway 140 may perform different types of functions, such as translation of a packet stream according to one communication protocol stack to another communication protocol stack, merging and forking of data streams, and manipulation of data streams according to the downlink and/or receiver capabilities, such as controlling the bit rate of the forwarded stream according to prevailing downlink network conditions.
  • Examples of gateways 140 include multipoint conference control units (MCUs), gateways between circuit-switched and packet- switched video telephony, Push-to-talk over Cellular (PoC) servers, IP encapsulators in digital video broadcasting-handheld (DVB-H) systems, or set-top boxes that forward broadcast transmissions locally to home wireless networks.
  • MCUs multipoint conference control units
  • PoC Push-to-talk over Cellular
  • DVD-H digital video broadcasting-handheld
  • set-top boxes that forward broadcast transmissions locally to home wireless networks.
  • the coded media bitstream may be transferred from the sender 130 to the receiver 150 by other means, such as storing the coded media bitstream to a portable mass memory disk or device when the disk or device is connected to the sender 130 and then connecting the disk or device to the receiver 150.
  • the system includes one or more receivers 150, typically capable of receiving, de-modulating, and de-capsulating the transmitted signal into a coded media bitstream. De-capsulating may include the removal of data that receivers are incapable of decoding or that is not desired to be decoded.
  • the codec media bitstream is typically processed further by a decoder 160, whose output is one or more uncompressed media streams.
  • a renderer 170 may reproduce the uncompressed media streams with a loudspeaker or a display, for example.
  • the receiver 150, decoder 160, and Tenderer 170 may reside in the same physical device or they may be included in separate devices.
  • Scalability in terms of bitrate, decoding complexity, and picture size is a desirable property for heterogeneous and error prone environments. This property is desirable in order to counter limitations such as constraints on bit rate, display resolution, network throughput, and computational power in a receiving device.
  • Various embodiments of the present invention present an improved system and method for determining the offset value that is used to adjust the value of a .
  • the adjusted value of a is used as a weighting factor in forming a reference block R a n for a current block X" at an enhancement layer in case its collocated block X b n at the base layer does not contain any non-zero coefficients.
  • the value of a is determined as a summation of the value specified in the slide header and an offset value that is adaptively determined based on the context for the coded block flag for the block X b " at the base layer.
  • the offset value is determined based on information from the enhancement layer. More particularly, the CBP values of neighboring macroblocks for a current macroblock are used in determining the offset value. The CBP of a macroblock is used to indicate if the macroblock contains non-zero coefficients.
  • the CBP of a macroblock includes 6 bits, of which 4 bits are used to indicate if each 8x8 block in a macroblock contains non-zero coefficients, and the other 2 bits to indicate if each of the two chroma block of the macroblock contain non-zero coefficients.
  • Figure 3 shows 8x8 block indexing of a macroblock in a frame. Rectangles with dashed line boundaries represent 8x8 blocks.
  • Figure 4 shows a current macroblock and its neighboring macroblocks in a frame at an FGS enhancement layer. The CBP values of the macroblock on top of it and the block to the left of it are used.
  • CBP bit of blocks A, B, C and D are used in determining an offset value that is used to adjust the value of a .
  • the offset value for each of the 8x8 blocks in the current macroblock can be different and determined separately.
  • CBP bits used in determining an offset value are listed as follows:
  • each 8x8 block in the current macroblock has two CBP bits to use as a reference in determining an offset value for that 8x8 block.
  • Another similar but coarser method in determining neighboring block CBP conditions can also be used. In this method, for all four of 8x8 blocks in the current macroblock, a common offset value is determined and used for them. CBP values of the macroblock on top of the current macroblock and the macroblock to the left of the current macroblock are used in determining the offset value.
  • one of three offset values can be selected for each 8x8 block in the current macroblock.
  • the offset value selected should in turn assign larger and larger weighting to enhancement layer reference blocks in forming the reference block R" . This is because with neighboring blocks containing only zero value coefficients at the enhancement layer, it also becomes more likely for the current block to have many zero coefficients at the enhancement layer. As a result, it
  • the offset value can be set to 0 so that the value specified in the slide header is used for a in forming the reference block R a n .
  • the offset value can be set as a negative value d so that the value of a is lowered towards 0, which gives more weighting to the enhancement layer reference block in forming the reference block R a n .
  • the offset value can be set as 2*d so that the value of a is lowered more towards 0. As a result, even larger weighting is given to the enhancement layer reference block in forming the reference block R ⁇ .
  • the offset value is determined based on information from both the enhancement layer and the base layer.
  • the information from the base layer includes at least the context for coded block flag for the block Xl' .
  • the information from the enhancement layer includes at least the
  • FIGs 6 and 7 show one representative mobile telephone 12 within which the present invention may be implemented. It should be understood, however, that the present invention is not intended to be limited to one particular type of mobile telephone 12 or other electronic device.
  • the mobile telephone 12 of Figures 6 and 7 includes a housing 30, a display 32 in the form of a liquid crystal display, a keypad 34, a microphone 36, an ear-piece 38, a battery 40, an infrared port 42, an antenna 44, a smart card 46 in the form of a
  • a card reader 48 radio interface circuitry 52, codec circuitry 54, a controller 56 and a memory 58.
  • Individual circuits and elements are all of a type well known in the art, for example in the Nokia range of mobile telephones.
  • Communication devices of the present invention may communicate using various transmission technologies including, but not limited to, Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA), Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM), Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS), Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA), Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA), Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP), Short Messaging Service (SMS), Multimedia Messaging Service (MMS), e-mail, Instant Messaging Service (IMS), Bluetooth, IEEE 802.11, etc.
  • CDMA Code Division Multiple Access
  • GSM Global System for Mobile Communications
  • UMTS Universal Mobile Telecommunications System
  • TDMA Time Division Multiple Access
  • FDMA Frequency Division Multiple Access
  • TCP/IP Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol
  • SMS Short Messaging Service
  • MMS Multimedia Messaging Service
  • e-mail e-mail
  • Bluetooth IEEE 802.11, etc.
  • a communication device may communicate using various media including, but not limited to, radio, infrared, laser, cable connection, and the like.
  • the present invention is described in the general context of method steps, which may be implemented in one embodiment by a program product including computer-executable instructions, such as program code, executed by computers in networked environments.
  • program modules include routines, programs, objects, components, data structures, etc. that perform particular tasks or implement particular abstract data types.
  • Computer-executable instructions, associated data structures, and program modules represent examples of program code for executing steps of the methods disclosed herein.
  • the particular sequence of such executable instructions or associated data structures represents examples of corresponding acts for implementing the functions described in such steps.
  • Software and web implementations of the present invention could be accomplished with standard programming techniques with rule based logic and other logic to accomplish the various database searching steps, correlation steps, comparison steps and decision steps.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Compression Or Coding Systems Of Tv Signals (AREA)
  • Compression, Expansion, Code Conversion, And Decoders (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un système et un procédé améliorés pour réduire efficacement la dérive de prédiction et améliorer l'efficacité du codage dans le codage vidéo évolutif. La présente invention porte sur un procédé amélioré permettant de déterminer une valeur de décalage, qui est utilisée pour ajuster la valeur d'un facteur de fuite associé à un bloc de données ne contenant que des coefficients nuls (zéro) au niveau d'une couche de base. Selon un mode de réalisation de l'invention, la valeur de décalage est déterminée en se basant sur des informations présentes dans la couche d'amélioration concernée au lieu de la couche de base. Selon un autre mode de réalisation, des informations présentes à la fois dans la couche d'enrichissement et dans la couche de base de l'image en cours sont utilisées pour déterminer la valeur de décalage.
PCT/IB2007/052774 2006-07-17 2007-07-12 Codage et décodage vidéo évolutif WO2008010157A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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US83136406P 2006-07-17 2006-07-17
US60/831,364 2006-07-17

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WO2008010157A2 true WO2008010157A2 (fr) 2008-01-24
WO2008010157A3 WO2008010157A3 (fr) 2008-06-26
WO2008010157B1 WO2008010157B1 (fr) 2008-09-18

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Cited By (2)

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US8774284B2 (en) 2007-04-24 2014-07-08 Nokia Corporation Signaling of multiple decoding times in media files
CN115103188A (zh) * 2022-08-24 2022-09-23 中南大学 Svc的错误隐藏方法、模型训练方法、系统及设备

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8774284B2 (en) 2007-04-24 2014-07-08 Nokia Corporation Signaling of multiple decoding times in media files
CN115103188A (zh) * 2022-08-24 2022-09-23 中南大学 Svc的错误隐藏方法、模型训练方法、系统及设备
CN115103188B (zh) * 2022-08-24 2022-12-30 中南大学 Svc的错误隐藏方法、模型训练方法、系统及设备

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WO2008010157A3 (fr) 2008-06-26

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