US911658A - Kiln. - Google Patents

Description

J E. KENNEDY.

KILN.

APPLICATION FILED APB-.2, 1907.

A (Z/QM BY I A OHNEY Patented Feb. 9, 1909.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

INVENTOH J. E. KENNEDY.

KILN.

APPLICATION TILED APB;- 2, 1907. I I 91 1,658. Patented Feb. 9, 1909. 3 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

INVENTOH J. E. KENNEDY.

KILN. APPLIOATION FILED Ar'n.2,1so7.

91 1,658, Patented Feb. 9, 1909.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

Fig.

WITNESSES g INVENTOH BY c 7 I (a TOHNEY ments in v manners. e

To all whomit may concern: v

Be it known that I, J osrirn E. KENNEDY, a citizen :of: the United States, New York city, have made the State of New York, certain new and useful Improve- 1-1:, of which thefollowing is a Specifi0 &t10f1'. 1 I My present invention relates to the calcination of lime, the clinkering of cement, etc., although it is applicable also to other analogous purposes.

It consists in an efiect combustion ofl the. heat produciiig agent throughout the whole extent of the hln, as distinct from those forms of calcining apparatus which operate by producing a fire locally and distributing in one way or other the heat generated at the fire through the rock to be calcined. 1

Kilns of the class been in use for man well adapted to t eir purpose for small outputs, and with certain restrictions as to the character of fuel to be used. In general this has been wood; and it is only years that improvements have een made in construction, which plermit lime-burning by means ofcoal, and t en only. by special apparatus and appliances expensive to install and to keep in order. Attem ts have also been made to calcine lime. y means of producer gas or natural gas, which have not, so far as I been attended am aware, with any marked success. In general, the

idea of these devices has been to burn a mixture of gas and air in a restricted zone of a suitable kiln, the flame directed upon the stone to 1 be calcined; but'these attempts have in many cases resulted in making an inferior quality of lime, because the particles would be subjected to such heat that the silica in them would fuse or vitrify, and the lime carbonate would be soluble in water in the mortar or plaster for. mont s onl with great difiiculty and after a considera is time, since the water must penetrate the pellicle of silica before it can attackthe lime. Lime in this condition ma remain before the water finall attacks it, and if it then slakes in thewa 1 it pits or p0 s the mortar or plaster. Such lime is o y merchantable in sm ll quantities and at a low price.

For a number of reasons it is desirable that the kiln in which the lime is burned shall be long, since this subjects thematerials fed in at the top-to heat for a considerresiding in the atmosphere.

apparatus designed to last referred to have hundredyears and arethe same temperature,

in recent 1 Patented Feb. 9, 1909.

able time, and they from the waste gases as these ass towards With a kiln o the ordinary klnd, howeyer, it is. obvious that the best temperaturefor':calcination is localized in a zone of greater or less-width. at some part of the the parts of the latter, nearer the fire than this zone, having too higklla a heat for the best results, and those furt or away being too cool to dissociate the oxygen from the calcium carbonate.

It is therefore one of the -objects invention to distribute the localities of combustion, if necessary, throughout substantially the entire length of the kiln, which may be as long as is mechanically expedient, and to maintain in uniform temperatures, selected to effect the proper calcination of the particular rock suppliedto the kiln. Thus the entire combustion chamber of the of my the product will be even and of uniform quality.

To efiect the purposes of my invention I have devised the apparatus which is illustrated. in the accompanying drawings. Briefly described, these show a rotary kiln having in the axis thereof a water-cooled manifold, to en ply a mixture of gas and air, or gas, air, an Waste ases from the stack, to the interior of the kiln through burners which are distributed throughout its entire length and circumference, or so much thereof as may be desired; so that when the gas and air under pressure are forced into the combustion chamber there is a uniform flame of such a low or moderate absolute temperature as not to vitrify the lime, but of such hi h temperature relatively as to effectively ca cine it. The kiln of course may be constructed in any desirable manner, though in general for accuracy of manufacture I prefer to make it of a boiler shell of iron or steel, lined with suitable refractory material, preferably basic, such for instance'as ma-gnesite brick; although some forms of good fire-brick are also well adapted for the purose. 'With the arrangement described it is desirable in order to maintain the temperature at substantially the pro er point at all seasons of the year to provi e-forchanging the temperature ofthe air su ply as may be desired. For this Ifpurpose, arrange in the jacket of the man' old a ipe through which the air may be blown to tile mixing chamber,

thus absorb the heat- I these localities substantially kiln'being at nearly of th so arrange a 1pc that partly broken away of a or which may be closed as desired. The

temperature of the air-supply may thus be maintained constant, if ex edient, or may be made higher in cold weatli 'r to compensate for the increased heat-loss due to the chilling e supplied materiah Also I plreferto gases from t e stack may be mixe with the gas and airrforming the fuel supply for the kiln, so as to reduce the temperature at which combustion takes place to such an calcined or clinkered. T complished ina number of Since the heat tense, obviously the water in the jacket will is may be acbe raised to a high temperature and unless.

Fig. 4 is the header for the manifold, s own in elevation. Fig. 5 is a of the kiln shown in of the general arrangement of a plant embodying my invention' In Fig. 1, A is the kiln, composed of a shell A of boiler iron and having a refractory lining A, which ma be composed of any heatresisting material not readily attacked b I I the reactions inherent in lime reduction, suc

the

asmagnesite brick. Any suitable 'or usual methods of lining may be adopted. The weight of the kiln is supported u roller-bearings, not illustrated, 1t bein carried by the rm 9 A A A is a gear by a motor, s own conventionally A is the end-wall of the kiln constructed substantially in the same manner as the body; this end-wall is carried upon a truck A, by which it may berolled away when repairs are desired, thus givin access to the interior of the kiln. A is a deflecting plate by which charge may be run into the B with Figs. 2 and 3); god the pipes 0 for the mixture of gas and air, outlet ni files C beinlgrprovided by which. the gas may e passed t ough the Water-jacket. These are illustrated conventionally in Fig. 1, and are shown more correctly and upon a larger scale in Fig. 2.

header aipprtion of its length is in the extent as may be necessary to get the best results with the material to be E E diflerent ways; of combustion is very run through at 6 is a detail in plan of the ig. 7 is a diagrammatic sketch on ordinary The outlets are arranged 1 tation of the flame of the emcee symmetrically throughout thelen th of the water jacket, so that their dist-ri l) I he manifold is en plied from a main ipe O passes t rough the C? The Els arranged so that interior of the k preferably inside of the water-cooled shell which holds, the manifold; a by ass outsideof the shell is provided, and va ves by opening the valve E and closing E, the air which is blown through the pipe (by any suitable apparatus not illustrated) passes through a part of it inside the kiln and ecomes heated before being carried to a mixin chamber, (shown in F1 ing va ve E and opening 15*, t

natural tem water-supply plpes are not il 7) 5 by close air may be erature. The ustrated, since their construction is well understood. At

hown a steam dome of the we in the'water-jacket but in Fig. 3 a

center artition or truss of the water-jacket.

. TnFig. 4 the header for the manifold is shown, C being the opening for the pipe from the mixing chamber, and C C being the ends of the pipes delivering the gas supply to the kiln.-

In Fi 5 is shown a section upon the line 55 of l ig. 1, the parts of Whic require no detailed description; while Fi 6 shows the arrangement of the pipes, tie nipples C 'splaced 1 hr orgugh diethe gas supp y t oug out t e kiln.

upon which are longitudinall om one another to efiect the tii tribution of body of the eferring now to Fig. 7, the general arrangement of the plant is shown. Here the pi e L extends from which may be driven by any suitable source of power.- The oifice of this ipe and fan is as already indicated to sup ya portion of the stack gases directly to tile mixing chamber 0, from which the su of gas and air is carried into the Inanifol the waste ases may be blown directly into the kiln, desired, and there mix with the fuel gas. By suitable regulation of the temperature of the air and the mixture of the products of combustion with the fuel-sup ly, a precise adaplnln to the requirethe stack to a fan M ments of'the particular material to be treated may be reached, and the best results attained.

Havingthus described my invention, what Iv claim and desire to protect by Letters-Patent of the United States is:

1. The combination, with the kiln, means for rotating the kiln, and a source of supply of gas and air, of a water-cooled pipe or manifold connected to such source and receiving therefrom the mixture of gas and air extending substantially the kiln, the manifold provided with outlets kiln; so that the supply chamber of the kiln.

disposed w1th substantial symmetry in the of gasand air is substantially equal throughout the combustion 2. The combination, with a rotary kiln, of a water-jacket disposed substantially in the axis thereof and provided with a truss for preventing deformation, and a manifold for as and air arranged within the wateracket, and having outlets passing through the walls thereof, substantially symmetrically disposed within the kiln.

3 T e combination, with a rotary kiln having a gas-supply pipe provided with a surrounding waterae et; of a pip: for the air supply, also disposed wi hin t e waterjacket.

4. The combinatibniwith a rotary kiln, a-

water-cooled manifo d disposed substantially in the axis of extending ap roximately throughout the length of .the ziln, and a source of gas and air supplying the manifold, the manifold having outlets symmetthrough the axis of.

tary kiln, of a water-cooled manifold formin the fuel-su ly therefor, a mixin ch be r connected isith the manifold, m ans g r supplying gas and air to the mixing chamber, and meansfor regulating the temperature of the air-supply. 7. The combination,

with a rotary kiln, having a tpipe passing therethrough and forming a uel-supply, of a water-jacket for the pipe, and a steam-chamber upon the wateracket.

8. The combination, with a rotary kiln, of pipes forming the fuel-supply disposed within the kiln; a water-jacket for the ipes, and a steam dome or chamber upon t e watermanifold, gassupply and jacket, disposed at or about the stack end of the kiln. r In witness whereof I have hereunto set my name inthe presence of two witnesses.

JOSEPH E. KENNEDY.

.Witnesses Invnve M. OBRIEGHT, T. J; J oims'rorr.

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