US5002482A - Selectively actuatable lighter - Google Patents

Selectively actuatable lighter Download PDF

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Publication number
US5002482A
US5002482A US07/239,734 US23973488A US5002482A US 5002482 A US5002482 A US 5002482A US 23973488 A US23973488 A US 23973488A US 5002482 A US5002482 A US 5002482A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
valve actuator
valve
fuel
lighter
safety latch
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US07/239,734
Inventor
Floyd B. Fairbanks
Thomas G. Snell
James M. McDonough
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BIC Corp
Original Assignee
BIC Corp
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First worldwide family litigation filed litigation Critical https://patents.darts-ip.com/?family=22903489&utm_source=google_patent&utm_medium=platform_link&utm_campaign=public_patent_search&patent=US5002482(A) "Global patent litigation dataset” by Darts-ip is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Assigned to BIC CORPORATION, WILEY ST., MILFORD, CT 06460 A CORP. OF NY reassignment BIC CORPORATION, WILEY ST., MILFORD, CT 06460 A CORP. OF NY ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: FAIRBANKS, FLOYD B., MC DONOUGH, JAMES M., SNELL, THOMAS G.
Priority to US07239734 priority Critical patent/US5002482B1/en
Application filed by BIC Corp filed Critical BIC Corp
Priority to EP89308631A priority patent/EP0357347B1/en
Priority to AT89308631T priority patent/ATE97475T1/en
Priority to CA000609217A priority patent/CA1330166C/en
Priority to DE68910755T priority patent/DE68910755T2/en
Priority to ES198989308631T priority patent/ES2046485T3/en
Priority to AR89314794A priority patent/AR244421A1/en
Priority to MX017385A priority patent/MX166349B/en
Priority to JP1509386A priority patent/JP2531592B2/en
Priority to PCT/US1989/003795 priority patent/WO1990002908A1/en
Priority to NZ230522A priority patent/NZ230522A/en
Priority to BR898907070A priority patent/BR8907070A/en
Priority to KR1019900700884A priority patent/KR960002801B1/en
Priority to AU42106/89A priority patent/AU616055B2/en
Priority to US07/455,059 priority patent/US5125829A/en
Priority to NO901937A priority patent/NO173071C/en
Priority to FI902165A priority patent/FI100483B/en
Priority to DK107990A priority patent/DK107990A/en
Publication of US5002482A publication Critical patent/US5002482A/en
Priority to US07/723,989 priority patent/US5456598A/en
Priority to US07/965,958 priority patent/US5435719A/en
Priority to US07/965,831 priority patent/US5445518A/en
Priority to US07/965,832 priority patent/US5427522A/en
Priority to US08/071,863 priority patent/US5487657A/en
Priority to US08/192,945 priority patent/US5431558A/en
Priority to US08/394,857 priority patent/US5584682A/en
Priority to US08/443,569 priority patent/US5636979A/en
Priority to US08/462,988 priority patent/US5642993A/en
Priority to US08/472,061 priority patent/US5628627A/en
Priority to US08/855,520 priority patent/US6077069A/en
Priority to US08/871,315 priority patent/US6045354A/en
Publication of US5002482B1 publication Critical patent/US5002482B1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Assigned to BIC CORPORATION, A CONNECTICUT CORPORATION reassignment BIC CORPORATION, A CONNECTICUT CORPORATION ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: BIC CORPORATION, A NEW YORK CORPORATION
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23Q—IGNITION; EXTINGUISHING-DEVICES
    • F23Q3/00—Igniters using electrically-produced sparks
    • F23Q3/01—Hand-held lighters, e.g. for cigarettes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23Q—IGNITION; EXTINGUISHING-DEVICES
    • F23Q2/00—Lighters containing fuel, e.g. for cigarettes
    • F23Q2/16—Lighters with gaseous fuel, e.g. the gas being stored in liquid phase
    • F23Q2/164—Arrangements for preventing undesired ignition

Definitions

  • This invention relates generally to lighters which consume fuel such as, for example, butane by converting the fuel to a gaseous state and thereafter burning the fuel. More particularly the invention relates to a disposable butane cigarette lighter having a safety mechanism which prevents a valve actuator from being depressed and in turn prevents a valve nozzle from expelling butane thereby rendering operation of the lighter by young children difficult.
  • Safety features are generally provided to reduce the risk of injury to an operator or bystanders. Some of such safety features relate to mechanisms which prevent ignition of a fuel source unless the lighter is properly oriented, mechanisms which automatically turn off a fuel source supply valve and tamper protection arrangements.
  • U.S. Pat. No. 4,717,335 to Loveless relates to a cigarette lighter in which rotation of a spark-producing wheel is limited.
  • the spark-producing wheel may be rotated in one direction to deliver a spark toward a nozzle through which gaseous fuel is passed, thereby operating the lighter and causing the fuel to ignite.
  • Rotation of the spark-producing wheel in the other direction may deliver a spark away from the nozzle.
  • the spark-producing wheel has a pin-shaped structure attached thereto which serves to limit the rotation of the wheel to under 360 ⁇ by contacting the housing structure. Thus, whether a spark indeed is produced depends upon the direction of attempted rotation and the position of the pin-shaped structure relative to the housing structure.
  • the pin-shaped structure may not have necessarily traversed its entire path of travel when the lighter is operated, in which case subsequent operation of the lighter may ignite the fuel source, presenting potential for multiple ignitions. Furthermore, even if the pin-shaped structure has traversed its entire path of travel, a young child may still ignite the fuel source by inadvertently first rotating the spark-producing wheel in a direction so as to not produce sparks in the vicinity of the nozzle and then rotating the wheel in an opposite direction so as to produce sparks in the vicinity of the nozzle and igniting the fuel. Additionally, regardless of the position of the wheel, potential exists for releasing fuel from the fuel source with or without rotation of the wheel.
  • U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,547,566 to Tamarin and 3,899,286 to Lockwood et al. relate to lighters having orientation sensing mechanisms which hinder or prevent actuation of the lighter in an inverted position. Unfortunately such mechanisms may not provide a sufficient degree of safety to young children who tamper with the lighter since they merely hinder operation in prescribed orientations.
  • none of the above-described lighters provides a mechanism for preventing actuation of the depressable valve actuation member as the lighter is carried, stored or subjected to tamper. Prevention of the expulsion of fuel through the nozzle under such circumstances is a highly desirable feature since ignition may be provided by other sources in addition to the spark-producing wheel.
  • lighters contain clear written warnings prominently displayed on their surface and without proper supervision, a young child who gains possession of the lighter can cause harm by the fact that the warning will not be appreciated since it cannot be read and/or understood by the child. Accordingly, "child-resistant" efforts are best directed toward protecting the child from its own acts should the child come into possession of a lighter with or without the parents' knowledge or consent. The potential danger would prevail even if the lighter is a properly functioning lighter and has a clear warning displayed thereon advising the user to keep the lighter out of the reach of children.
  • any such "child-resistant” lighter will have its limitations with respect to young children, and no such lighter should provide parents or adults with a false sense of security so that they may become less cautious in their handling or as to permitting ready access by young children. Further, such lighters should not be made so difficult to light as to cause adults to use alternative forms of lighting, i.e., matches, which are generally considered to be potentially more dangerous. At best, the lighter should provide a young child with sufficient deterrent features as to prevent it from readily producing a flame on the lighter or to deter it from readily producing a flame, at least for a time sufficient to permit the normally expected intervention of adult supervision.
  • the present invention is directed toward a flame producing lighter which is selectively actuatable in such a manner as to provide a substantial degree of difficulty for young children--mostly five years or younger--to actuate the lighter and produce a flame, while being capable of actuation by adults.
  • the invention relates to a flame producing lighter which comprises a housing defining reservoir for containing a combustible gaseous medium under pressure, valve means arranged for selective actuation between a normally closed position which prevents exit of the gaseous medium from the reservoir, and an open position which permits exit of gaseous medium from the reservoir through the valve means, means for selectively producing sparks at a location proximate the gaseous medium exit opening of the valve means thereby selectively causing ignition of the gaseous medium, means for preventing actuation of the valve means to the open position and means for selectively permitting actuation of the valve means to the open position thereby selectively permitting exit of the combustible gaseous medium from the valve means and ignition of the gaseous medium by sparks produced by the spark-producing means.
  • valve means is actuated to the open position by actuator means and the means for preventing actuation of the valve means to the open position comprises means for preventing pivotal movement of the actuator means by interference with the movement thereof.
  • the valve actuation interference means is selectively movable to a position out of interference with the valve actuator means.
  • valve actuation interference means is normally retained in a valve actuation interference position and the movement thereof to the position out of interference with the valve actuator means is resiliently provided.
  • the resilient movement of the valve actuation interference means causes the valve actuation interference means to return to its position beneath the valve actuator once the valve actuator is released, thus preventing the valve nozzle from opening.
  • the valve actuation interference means is a safety latch moveable cross-wise and upwards towards a guide notch in the valve actuator until the valve actuator is depressed, whereby gaseous material exits and the safety latch moves back under the valve actuator when the valve actuator is released.
  • the means for selectively producing sparks preferably comprises flint material and a rotatable spark-producing wheel having a toothed surface positioned and arranged to selectively frictionally contact the flint material.
  • the means for selectively producing sparks may comprise electric spark-producing means and more specifically, piezoelectric spark-producing means.
  • a fuel cutoff safety mechanism for use in combination with a lighter comprising means for preventing actuation of a fuel supply under normal circumstances and means for selectively permitting actuation of the fuel supply, wherein such selective actuation of the fuel supply and a corresponding production of sparks by spark-producing means ignites fuel from the fuel supply.
  • Means for selectively permitting actuation of the fuel supply comprises a depressable valve actuator which, upon depression, actuates the fuel supply thereby permitting fuel to flow out from the fuel supply and a safety latch which normally prevents depression of the depressable valve actuator, wherein application of a biasing force to the safety latch permits depression of the valve actuator.
  • a portion of the safety latch is normally positioned between the valve actuator and a main body housing of the lighter and prevents depression of the valve actuator.
  • Cross-wise movement of the safety latch provides a void between the valve actuator and the main body housing, the void being sufficient in size to enable the valve actuator to be depressed at least partially into the void.
  • Upwards movement, subsequent to the cross-wise movement, of the safety latch towards a position at least partially adjacent to the valve actuator, the position being resiliently maintained by pressure exerted by the safety latch on the valve actuator and the main body housing, provides the lighter in an unlocked position in which the valve actuator is capable of being depressed, thereby permitting fuel to flow.
  • a flame developing lighter which comprises a housing, fuel supply means for supplying fuel to be ignited, ignition means for igniting fuel, valve means for selectively permitting flow of the fuel and means for selectively unlocking the lighter from a normally locked configuration in which fuel is prevented from flowing.
  • a valve actuator is included which normally prevents escape of the fuel supply when in a first position and is depressable to a second position which permits actuation of the fuel supply means thereby permitting fuel to flow out from the fuel supply means.
  • a safety latch is provided which normally prevents depression of the depressable valve actuator, wherein selective application of a biasing force by the operator to the safety latch permits depression of the valve actuator.
  • An improved flame producing lighter is also disclosed of the type having a housing, a fuel supply, a valve means for selectively supplying fuel from the fuel supply to a fuel nozzle and spark-producing means for producing sparks, wherein the improvement comprises means for selectively permitting actuation of the valve means thereby selectively permitting exit of fuel from the fuel supply through the valve means and ignition of the fuel by sparks produced by the spark-producing means.
  • Means for selectively permitting actuation comprises locking means.
  • the locking means comprises pivotally mounted actuator means having an unlocked position and a locked position and means for preventing pivotal movement of the actuator means from the locked position to the unlocked position by interference with the movement thereof, wherein depression of the actuator means in the unlocked position provides fuel flow.
  • the means for preventing pivotal movement preferably comprises a safety latch moveable cross-wise and upwards towards a guide notch in the actuator means until the actuator means is capable of being depressed.
  • the invention also relates to a flame developing lighter comprising a housing, fuel supply means for supplying fuel to be ignited, ignition means for igniting fuel in sequential advancing steps, valve means for selectively permitting flow of the fuel and control means for preventing the combination of production of fuel flow and spark generation so as to prevent production of a flame and for permitting substantially simultaneous production of fuel flow and spark generation to produce a flame.
  • the control means preferably comprises a valve actuator which normally prevents escape of the fuel from the fuel supply when in a first position and is depressable to a second position which permits actuation of the fuel supply means thereby permitting fuel to flow out from the fuel supply means.
  • a safety latch is provided which normally prevents depression of the depressable valve actuator, wherein selective application of a biasing force by the operator to the safety latch permits depression of the valve actuator.
  • the invention also relates to a flame producing lighter resistant to unauthorized use and normally maintained in a locked configuration
  • a flame producing lighter resistant to unauthorized use and normally maintained in a locked configuration comprising a housing, fuel supply means for supplying fuel to be ignited, ignition means for igniting fuel, valve means for controlling the flow of the fuel, a valve actuator which normally prevents escape of the fuel supply when in a first position and is depressable to a second position which permits actuation of the fuel supply means thereby permitting fuel to flow out from the fuel supply means, a safety latch having a portion normally positioned between the valve actuator and the housing which normally prevents depression of the depressable valve actuator and normally maintains the lighter in the locked configuration, wherein cross-wise movement of the safety latch provides a void between the valve actuator and the housing, the void being sufficient in size to enable the valve actuator to be depressed at least partially into the void, and wherein upwards movement, subsequent to the cross-wise movement, of the safety latch towards a position at least partially adjacent to the valve actuator, the
  • the lighter if the lighter is left unattended a young child or other such person will encounter difficulty in releasing any gaseous material to produce a flame due to the locking action of the safety latch and the effort required to move it cross-wise and upwards towards the unlocked position.
  • the child may be able to turn the spark-producing wheel but will, at best, only be able to produce sparks from the spark-producing wheel by rotating it against the flint. Gaseous material will not be released due to the action of the safety latch which directly prevents the valve actuator from being depressed thereby preventing the valve nozzle from expelling fuel.
  • the lighter of the present invention is a passive locking lighter.
  • the lighter automatically returns to its locked configuration once the depressed valve actuator is released.
  • the lighter is maintained in an at-rest configuration which is locked thereby preventing the production of a flame.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a preferred embodiment of a selectively actuatable child resistant lighter of the present invention in a locked position;
  • FIG. 2 is a fragmentary cross-sectional view along line 2--2 of the child resistant lighter of FIG. 1 depicting the lighter in a locked position;
  • FIG. 3 is an exploded view of a valve actuator and safety latch depicted in Figs. 1 and 2;
  • FIG. 4 is a bottom view along line 4--4 of the valve actuator depicted in FIG. 3;
  • FIG. 5 is a top view along line 5--5 of the safety latch depicted in FIG. 4;
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram depicting a piezoelectric lighter apparatus in which the present invention may be employed and having an optional switch to prevent the production of sparks;
  • FIG. 7 is a perspective view of a preferred embodiment of the child resistant lighter in an unlocked position in which the position of the safety latch is moved from its at-rest position and the valve actuator is depressed allowing a valve to be opened and to release gas through a valve nozzle;
  • FIG. 8 is a fragmentary cross-sectional view along line 8--8 of FIG. 7 depicting the lighter in an unlocked and depressed position;
  • FIG. 9 is a frontal view of the safety latch in its locked position thereby preventing depression and actuation of the valve actuator;
  • FIG. 10 is a frontal view of the safety latch in a partially unlocked position
  • FIG. 11 is a frontal view of the safety latch in its unlocked position
  • FIG. 12 is a frontal view of the safety latch in its unlocked position and the valve actuator depressed so as to permit the flow of fuel;
  • FIG. 13 is a frontal view of the safety latch in its locked position.
  • the lighter of the present invention comprising a main body portion 12, a depressable valve actuator 14, a safety latch 16 and a spark-producing wheel 18. Depression of valve actuator 14 permits fuel to flow through a fuel nozzle (not shown) and to be ignited by sparks produced by spark-producing wheel 18 frictionally engaging a flint (not shown).
  • a fuel nozzle not shown
  • spark-producing wheel 18 frictionally engaging a flint (not shown).
  • safety latch 16 is positioned away from its depicted at-rest position and into a notch formed within valve actuator 14, any attempted depression of valve actuator 14 will not result in the flow of fuel and the lighter will be inoperable.
  • the position of the safety latch 16 as shown in FIG. 1 may best be characterized as a "default position" under normal conditions.
  • a user typically holds the main body portion of a lighter in his hand, rotates with his thumb the spark-producing wheel in a direction toward the valve actuator to produce a spark, while depressing the valve actuator to allow fuel to pass through the valve nozzle.
  • the spark produced by the wheel ignites the fuel.
  • valve actuator 14 is pivotally mounted between side wall portions 13 which comprise extensions of the side walls of body portion 12.
  • Valve actuator 14 is attached to hollow fuel nozzle 20 slidably supported within valve housing 28.
  • Hollow fuel nozzle 20 is held within a bore in valve actuator 14 by flanges 21,23 having sufficient diameter to prevent slippage through the bore in valve actuator 14.
  • a compressed spring 30 resides partially within a recess 32 in valve actuator 14 and causes fuel nozzle 20 to be urged downward into valve housing 28 and body portion 12.
  • valve actuator 14 is employed to lift nozzle 20 in order to expel fuel.
  • actuation of valve actuator 14 may serve to remove the pressure maintaining the valve nozzle in a closed position.
  • a conventional valve assembly (not shown) is located near the recessed end of nozzle 20 and permits fuel flow through nozzle 20 only when valve actuator 14 is depressed.
  • Lighter 10 further comprises a sparking flint 22 mounted within a bore 24 in main body 12. Flint 22 is urged toward spark-producing wheel 18 by spring 26. Sparking wheel 18, which includes a toothed surface 19 which is preferably suitably hardened and against which flint 22 is urged, is mounted for rotation between side wall extension portions 13 in a conventional manner.
  • the spark-producing wheel includes suitable indentations which define teeth such that when the wheel is rotated the toothed surface cuts against flint 22 causing the generation of ignition sparks.
  • Main body 12 defines an internal chamber 15 which is filled with a fuel 9 such as butane fuel capable of vaporizing in a conventional manner to produce a gaseous medium which passes through a fuel nozzle 20 under the control of a valve.
  • a fuel 9 such as butane fuel capable of vaporizing in a conventional manner to produce a gaseous medium which passes through a fuel nozzle 20 under the control of a valve.
  • Main body 12 is constructed from any suitable structural material and is preferably constructed from a plastic material. Polyacetal is preferred. However, such alternative materials as styrene acrylonitrile, polyester, nylon or the like may also be used.
  • a preferably metallic shield 32 is provided to function as a wind guard around the flame thereby assisting in the ignition of the fuel.
  • a notched opening 21 is provided in body portion 12 to accommodate valve actuator 14 and safety latch 16 and, in particular, cross-wise movement of safety latch 16.
  • the locked configuration i.e. the default position, of the lighter in FIGS. 1 and 2 in which safety latch is positioned directly beneath valve actuator 14 prevents depression of valve actuator 14, thereby preventing operation of the lighter.
  • Valve actuator 14 comprises a finger depressable surface 34, extensions 36, a bore 38 and a stepped, or guide, notch 40.
  • a user desiring to actuate the lighter depresses finger depressable surface 34.
  • Extensions 36 are provided to matingly engage with bores in side wall portions 13 of body portion 12 to provide pivotal movement of the valve actuator.
  • Bore 38 is adapted for receiving and grasping a portion of fuel nozzle 20.
  • stepped notch 40 is provided for engagement with an upper surface of finger actuated portion 11 of safety latch 16 during actuation of the lighter.
  • an upper surface 42 of portion 11 of safety latch 16 is flush against a lower surface 44 of valve actuator 14, and a lower surface of portion 11 of safety latch 16 is flush against a section of body 12 formed by notch 21, thereby preventing depression of valve actuator 14.
  • Safety latch 16 is provided with pivoting extensions 46,48 which facilitate deflection and stabilization of safety latch 16 within body portion 12 and assures proper positioning and retention of safety latch 16 in notched opening 21 when the safety latch is compressed.
  • Safety latch 16 is also provided with a limiting stop 50 for engagement against a section of body portion 12 formed by notch 21 (FIG. 1) in order to facilitate, in conjunction with forces provided by pivoting extensions 46 and 48, resilient movement of finger actuated portion 11 with respect to limiting stop 50.
  • Limiting stop 50 is preferably provided with a tip section 51 to facilitate retaining safety latch 16 in the unlocked position.
  • Safety latch 16 may be provided with ridged surface 17 to provide frictional resistance with a user's finger to facilitate movement of finger actuated portion 11 with respect to limiting stop 50.
  • valve actuator 14 is adapted to receive spring 30 as depicted in FIG. 2 and may take on a variety of forms such as a simple indentation or a bore having a center pin 54, extensions 56 and a chamfered edge 58. Insertion of the fuel nozzle into bore 38 of valve actuator 14 is facilitated by slot 39 which permits expansion of bore 38 to easily receive the fuel nozzle.
  • Valve actuator 14 is constructed from materials having sufficient dimensional stability and rigidity to continuously assure proper relative positioning between lower surface 44 of valve actuator 14 and upper surface 42 of safety latch 16.
  • Actuator 14 is preferably constructed of glass filled polyetherimide. Other illustrative materials from which valve actuator 14 may also be constructed are zinc, brass, aluminum and other glass filled polymers such as polysulfone, polyester or the like.
  • Safety latch 16 is preferably constructed of polyetherimide. It is necessary that the material from which latch 16 is constructed is a relatively rigid material which is sufficiently resilient to permit movement of finger actuated portion 11 towards limiting stop 50 so as to at least partially close the opening thereinbetween and provide resilient movement of finger actuated portion 11 with respect to limiting stop 50.
  • Illustrative of alternative materials from which safety latch 16 may be constructed include polysulfone, polyester, or any sufficiently resilient metal or elastomer, as well as a wide variety of other suitable materials.
  • FIG. 6 schematically depicts a piezoelectric type lighter in which the present invention may be employed.
  • the piezoelectric lighter comprises hammer means 60, spark and fuel providing means 65, electrical cut-off safety switch 70 and locking means 75.
  • the piezoelectric lighter operates in a conventional manner except for depression of hammer means 60 which is prevented by inclusion of locking means 75 operative on the fuel supply in accordance with the present invention.
  • a locking means comprises a safety latch and a valve actuator which preferably prevent the flow of fuel as previously described, as well as preventing the production of sparks.
  • the locking means may be arranged to selectively prevent only the flow of fuel or it may be arranged to selectively prevent the production of sparks.
  • a user In operation of the present invention, and as depicted in FIG. 7, a user must first move safety latch 16 in a direction so as to sufficiently displace finger actuated portion 11 of safety latch 16 toward limiting stop 50 of safety latch 16 to ultimately permit depression of valve actuator 14. However, in order to facilitate retention of safety latch 16 in such a displaced position, safety latch 16 is then displaced in a direction such that a portion of finger actuated portion 11 of safety latch 16 abuts notch 40 of valve actuator 14, and tip section 51 is displaced to just above body portion 12. Depression of valve actuator 14 at this point combined with rotation of spark-producing wheel 18 will cause the lighter to operate.
  • valve actuator 14 lifts nozzle 20 thereby actuating the valve.
  • the lifting action of valve actuator 14 in a vicinity near nozzle 20 relieves the pressurized condition in the fuel chamber thereby permitting the flow of fuel as a gaseous medium through nozzle 20 to be burned.
  • FIG. 8 there is depicted a cross-section of the lighter of FIG. 7 in a depressed and actuated configuration.
  • movement of finger actuated portion 11 of safety latch 16 toward limiting stop 50 of safety latch 16 will permit unimpeded depression of the valve actuator as depicted in FIGS. 7,8.
  • FIGS. 9-13 depict the sequence of operations required for the locking and unlocking of the lighter.
  • FIG. 9 depicts safety latch 16 and valve actuator 14 in an at-rest locked position. In this position, depression of valve actuator 14 by finger pressure on surface 34 is prevented by contact with surface 42 of finger actuated portion 11 of the safety latch. Finger actuated portion 11 is positioned directly beneath the underside of valve actuator 14.
  • FIG. 10 depicts safety latch 16 in a partially unlocked position and valve actuator 14 in an undepressed position.
  • Portion 11 of safety latch 16 has been moved in a direction indicated by the arrow, providing a void 70 into which a portion 72 of valve actuator 14 may be subsequently inserted.
  • portion 11 of safety latch 16 is under compressive loading. Absent any holding pressure on portion 11 in the position depicted in FIG. 10, portion 11 will return to its at-rest position depicted in FIG. 9.
  • FIG. 11 depicts safety latch 16 and valve actuator 14 in an unlocked configuration ready for depression of valve actuator 14.
  • Portion 11 of safety latch 16 has been moved upwards in a direction indicated by the arrow towards stepped, or guide, notch 40 of valve actuator 14.
  • Limiting stop 50 which also forms part of safety latch 16, has also been moved upwards by applying force to portion 11 as indicated by the arrow.
  • FIG. 11 depicts the compressive loading which safety latch 16 is under when portion 11 is approximately adjacent to limiting stop 50 (FIGS. 10, 11)
  • removal of holding pressure from portion 11 once portion 11 has been inserted towards notch 40 (FIG. 11) will not result in portion 11 slipping toward void 70 but will maintain the lighter in the configuration depicted in FIG. 11, until valve actuator 14 is depressed.
  • Retention of safety latch 16 in the unlocked configuration may be facilitated by moving limiting stop 50 upwards a distance sufficient to position tip section 51 of limiting stop 50 just above body portion 12 as indicated in FIG. 11.
  • valve actuator 14 As depicted in FIG. 11 will yield the configuration depicted in FIG. 12 in which valve actuator 14 has been depressed thereby permitting fuel to flow through the valve and fuel nozzle (not shown).
  • notch 40 of the valve actuator facilitates the urging of safety latch 16 towards its locked position.
  • spark-producing wheel 18 FIG. 7 was actuated in combination with valve actuator 14 being depressed, the fuel flowing through the fuel nozzle will be ignited. Such fuel will continue to flow and burn as long as sufficient pressure is maintained on valve actuator 14.
  • valve actuator 14 Once pressure is removed from valve actuator 14, the valve actuator will move upward due to the biasing force provided by spring 30 as indicated in FIG. 13, and the flame will be extinguished.
  • safety latch 16 remains in the down position in void 70 since frictional forces between portion 11 and actuator 14 are less than the forces required to lift the safety latch and overcome, inter alia, such forces as those required to deflect extensions 46,48.
  • the locking mechanism and lighter disclosed and claimed herein are not limited to use in disposable lighters.
  • a flame height adjusting mechanism may be provided to selectively adjust the height of the flame.
  • the present invention is in no way limited to a locking mechanism in which a safety latch is moved first in a cross-wise direction then in an upwards direction ninety degrees from the cross-wise direction in order to provide a void into which a valve actuator may be depressed.
  • any of a wide variety of locking mechanisms or actions may be employed, such as mechanisms having right-left, front-rear, over and down, in and over, etc. type actions.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Lighters Containing Fuel (AREA)
  • Channel Selection Circuits, Automatic Tuning Circuits (AREA)

Abstract

A child resistant lighter device is disclosed which includes a body defining reservoir for containing a combustible gaseous medium such as butane, and having a valve arranged to be selectively actuated between a normally closed position and an open position which permits the exit of the gaseous medium. Such child resistant lighter can selectively produce sparks at a location proximate to the gaseous medium exit to ignite the gaseous medium, and a safety mechanism prevents actuation of the valve to the open position when sparks are produced. Such child resistant lighter device embodies a resiliently releasable safety latch which prevents the actuation of the valve actuator to the open position. The safety latch is selectively movable to a position out of interference with the valve actuator, so that the gaseous medium may be released and ignited by the sparks. The safety latch is resiliently structured and mounted such that once a flame is produced and the valve actuator is released, the safety latch returns to its closed or locked position to prevent actuation of the valve actuator to the open position by prevention of the pivotal motion. To "re-use" the lighter, the safety-latch must again be moved to the open or unlocked position so that the valve actuator can be opened for subsequent ignition of the gaseous medium. Such mechanism is difficult for a young child to light, but is capable of actuation by adults.

Description

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Technical Field
This invention relates generally to lighters which consume fuel such as, for example, butane by converting the fuel to a gaseous state and thereafter burning the fuel. More particularly the invention relates to a disposable butane cigarette lighter having a safety mechanism which prevents a valve actuator from being depressed and in turn prevents a valve nozzle from expelling butane thereby rendering operation of the lighter by young children difficult.
2. Description of the Prior Art
Various prior art lighters, some of them incorporating safety features, are known. Safety features are generally provided to reduce the risk of injury to an operator or bystanders. Some of such safety features relate to mechanisms which prevent ignition of a fuel source unless the lighter is properly oriented, mechanisms which automatically turn off a fuel source supply valve and tamper protection arrangements.
More recently, attention has been directed toward preventing ready actuation of such lighters by persons normally not able to appreciate the potential danger of the flame. Such danger includes the potential to burn the individual directly or to burn surrounding areas or items, thus creating the possibility of spreading to a fully developed fire. Individuals normally contemplated in these efforts are small children, mostly in the age category of five years or younger.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,717,335 to Loveless relates to a cigarette lighter in which rotation of a spark-producing wheel is limited. In particular, the spark-producing wheel may be rotated in one direction to deliver a spark toward a nozzle through which gaseous fuel is passed, thereby operating the lighter and causing the fuel to ignite. Rotation of the spark-producing wheel in the other direction may deliver a spark away from the nozzle. The spark-producing wheel has a pin-shaped structure attached thereto which serves to limit the rotation of the wheel to under 360˜ by contacting the housing structure. Thus, whether a spark indeed is produced depends upon the direction of attempted rotation and the position of the pin-shaped structure relative to the housing structure. In theory, once the lighter is operated and the fuel ignited, and the pin-shaped structure has traversed its entire path of travel, subsequent operation of the lighter is impeded since the pin-shaped structure comes into contact with the housing, preventing a spark from occurring in the vicinity of the fuel nozzle.
In this lighter the pin-shaped structure may not have necessarily traversed its entire path of travel when the lighter is operated, in which case subsequent operation of the lighter may ignite the fuel source, presenting potential for multiple ignitions. Furthermore, even if the pin-shaped structure has traversed its entire path of travel, a young child may still ignite the fuel source by inadvertently first rotating the spark-producing wheel in a direction so as to not produce sparks in the vicinity of the nozzle and then rotating the wheel in an opposite direction so as to produce sparks in the vicinity of the nozzle and igniting the fuel. Additionally, regardless of the position of the wheel, potential exists for releasing fuel from the fuel source with or without rotation of the wheel.
U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,028,043 and 4,049,370 each to Neyret relate to presale tamper protection mechanisms which partially surround a spark-producing wheel, fuel nozzle or depressable valve actuation member of a lighter. These presale tamper protection mechanisms are attached to the lighter housing by frangible webs and are removed by a purchaser after sale of the lighter to expose the spark-producing wheel, fuel nozzle and depressable valve actuation member. However, such a presale tamper protection mechanism is of limited value once initially removed by a purchaser.
U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,547,566 to Tamarin and 3,899,286 to Lockwood et al. relate to lighters having orientation sensing mechanisms which hinder or prevent actuation of the lighter in an inverted position. Unfortunately such mechanisms may not provide a sufficient degree of safety to young children who tamper with the lighter since they merely hinder operation in prescribed orientations.
In addition to the above-mentioned disadvantages and deficiencies, some safety mechanisms are unnecessarily complicated and may therefore suffer from high manufacturing cost as well as high likelihood of mechanical failure during use. Another disadvantage found in some of these devices is that the particular construction employed limits the shape of the lighter housing due to the requirement that the housing be large enough to accommodate the safety mechanism(s).
Although it is known to prevent or hinder presale actuation of a depressable valve actuation member or actuation of a lighter in a specified orientation, none of the above-described lighters provides a mechanism for preventing actuation of the depressable valve actuation member as the lighter is carried, stored or subjected to tamper. Prevention of the expulsion of fuel through the nozzle under such circumstances is a highly desirable feature since ignition may be provided by other sources in addition to the spark-producing wheel.
Although current efforts as described herein may sometimes be referred to as "child-proof lighters", "child-resistant lighters" or the like, it should be made clear that such developments are actually directed toward preventing ready flame production on a flame producing lighter by persons normally considered incapable of appreciating the potential danger of a lighter flame.
Consistent with such efforts is the recognition that to develop a "child-proof" lighter per se, would not be viable. At best it can be reasonably sought to create a lighter which is "child-resistant", but how "child-resistant" a lighter will be will depend upon related factors and circumstances. For example, it is known that lighters are specifically designed to produce a flame. Accordingly, if the lighter were to come into the possession of a person incapable of appreciating the potential danger of the flame a potentially dangerous situation will prevail. This situation would be independent of the operating condition of the lighter and would prevail even if the lighter is in perfect working order. Further, in many instances lighters contain clear written warnings prominently displayed on their surface and without proper supervision, a young child who gains possession of the lighter can cause harm by the fact that the warning will not be appreciated since it cannot be read and/or understood by the child. Accordingly, "child-resistant" efforts are best directed toward protecting the child from its own acts should the child come into possession of a lighter with or without the parents' knowledge or consent. The potential danger would prevail even if the lighter is a properly functioning lighter and has a clear warning displayed thereon advising the user to keep the lighter out of the reach of children.
Nevertheless, any such "child-resistant" lighter will have its limitations with respect to young children, and no such lighter should provide parents or adults with a false sense of security so that they may become less cautious in their handling or as to permitting ready access by young children. Further, such lighters should not be made so difficult to light as to cause adults to use alternative forms of lighting, i.e., matches, which are generally considered to be potentially more dangerous. At best, the lighter should provide a young child with sufficient deterrent features as to prevent it from readily producing a flame on the lighter or to deter it from readily producing a flame, at least for a time sufficient to permit the normally expected intervention of adult supervision.
The present invention is directed toward a flame producing lighter which is selectively actuatable in such a manner as to provide a substantial degree of difficulty for young children--mostly five years or younger--to actuate the lighter and produce a flame, while being capable of actuation by adults.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to a flame producing lighter which comprises a housing defining reservoir for containing a combustible gaseous medium under pressure, valve means arranged for selective actuation between a normally closed position which prevents exit of the gaseous medium from the reservoir, and an open position which permits exit of gaseous medium from the reservoir through the valve means, means for selectively producing sparks at a location proximate the gaseous medium exit opening of the valve means thereby selectively causing ignition of the gaseous medium, means for preventing actuation of the valve means to the open position and means for selectively permitting actuation of the valve means to the open position thereby selectively permitting exit of the combustible gaseous medium from the valve means and ignition of the gaseous medium by sparks produced by the spark-producing means.
In a preferred embodiment the valve means is actuated to the open position by actuator means and the means for preventing actuation of the valve means to the open position comprises means for preventing pivotal movement of the actuator means by interference with the movement thereof. The valve actuation interference means is selectively movable to a position out of interference with the valve actuator means.
The valve actuation interference means is normally retained in a valve actuation interference position and the movement thereof to the position out of interference with the valve actuator means is resiliently provided. The resilient movement of the valve actuation interference means causes the valve actuation interference means to return to its position beneath the valve actuator once the valve actuator is released, thus preventing the valve nozzle from opening. In particular, the valve actuation interference means is a safety latch moveable cross-wise and upwards towards a guide notch in the valve actuator until the valve actuator is depressed, whereby gaseous material exits and the safety latch moves back under the valve actuator when the valve actuator is released.
The means for selectively producing sparks preferably comprises flint material and a rotatable spark-producing wheel having a toothed surface positioned and arranged to selectively frictionally contact the flint material. Alternatively, the means for selectively producing sparks may comprise electric spark-producing means and more specifically, piezoelectric spark-producing means.
A fuel cutoff safety mechanism is disclosed for use in combination with a lighter comprising means for preventing actuation of a fuel supply under normal circumstances and means for selectively permitting actuation of the fuel supply, wherein such selective actuation of the fuel supply and a corresponding production of sparks by spark-producing means ignites fuel from the fuel supply.
Means for selectively permitting actuation of the fuel supply is provided and comprises a depressable valve actuator which, upon depression, actuates the fuel supply thereby permitting fuel to flow out from the fuel supply and a safety latch which normally prevents depression of the depressable valve actuator, wherein application of a biasing force to the safety latch permits depression of the valve actuator.
A portion of the safety latch is normally positioned between the valve actuator and a main body housing of the lighter and prevents depression of the valve actuator. Cross-wise movement of the safety latch provides a void between the valve actuator and the main body housing, the void being sufficient in size to enable the valve actuator to be depressed at least partially into the void. Upwards movement, subsequent to the cross-wise movement, of the safety latch towards a position at least partially adjacent to the valve actuator, the position being resiliently maintained by pressure exerted by the safety latch on the valve actuator and the main body housing, provides the lighter in an unlocked position in which the valve actuator is capable of being depressed, thereby permitting fuel to flow.
A flame developing lighter is also disclosed which comprises a housing, fuel supply means for supplying fuel to be ignited, ignition means for igniting fuel, valve means for selectively permitting flow of the fuel and means for selectively unlocking the lighter from a normally locked configuration in which fuel is prevented from flowing.
A valve actuator is included which normally prevents escape of the fuel supply when in a first position and is depressable to a second position which permits actuation of the fuel supply means thereby permitting fuel to flow out from the fuel supply means. A safety latch is provided which normally prevents depression of the depressable valve actuator, wherein selective application of a biasing force by the operator to the safety latch permits depression of the valve actuator.
An improved flame producing lighter is also disclosed of the type having a housing, a fuel supply, a valve means for selectively supplying fuel from the fuel supply to a fuel nozzle and spark-producing means for producing sparks, wherein the improvement comprises means for selectively permitting actuation of the valve means thereby selectively permitting exit of fuel from the fuel supply through the valve means and ignition of the fuel by sparks produced by the spark-producing means.
Means for selectively permitting actuation comprises locking means. In particular, the locking means comprises pivotally mounted actuator means having an unlocked position and a locked position and means for preventing pivotal movement of the actuator means from the locked position to the unlocked position by interference with the movement thereof, wherein depression of the actuator means in the unlocked position provides fuel flow. The means for preventing pivotal movement preferably comprises a safety latch moveable cross-wise and upwards towards a guide notch in the actuator means until the actuator means is capable of being depressed.
The invention also relates to a flame developing lighter comprising a housing, fuel supply means for supplying fuel to be ignited, ignition means for igniting fuel in sequential advancing steps, valve means for selectively permitting flow of the fuel and control means for preventing the combination of production of fuel flow and spark generation so as to prevent production of a flame and for permitting substantially simultaneous production of fuel flow and spark generation to produce a flame.
The control means preferably comprises a valve actuator which normally prevents escape of the fuel from the fuel supply when in a first position and is depressable to a second position which permits actuation of the fuel supply means thereby permitting fuel to flow out from the fuel supply means. A safety latch is provided which normally prevents depression of the depressable valve actuator, wherein selective application of a biasing force by the operator to the safety latch permits depression of the valve actuator.
The invention also relates to a flame producing lighter resistant to unauthorized use and normally maintained in a locked configuration comprising a housing, fuel supply means for supplying fuel to be ignited, ignition means for igniting fuel, valve means for controlling the flow of the fuel, a valve actuator which normally prevents escape of the fuel supply when in a first position and is depressable to a second position which permits actuation of the fuel supply means thereby permitting fuel to flow out from the fuel supply means, a safety latch having a portion normally positioned between the valve actuator and the housing which normally prevents depression of the depressable valve actuator and normally maintains the lighter in the locked configuration, wherein cross-wise movement of the safety latch provides a void between the valve actuator and the housing, the void being sufficient in size to enable the valve actuator to be depressed at least partially into the void, and wherein upwards movement, subsequent to the cross-wise movement, of the safety latch towards a position at least partially adjacent to the valve actuator, the position being resiliently maintained by pressure exerted by the safety latch on the valve actuator and the housing, provides the lighter in the unlocked configuration in which the valve actuator is capable of being depressed, thereby permitting fuel to flow.
Advantageously, if the lighter is left unattended a young child or other such person will encounter difficulty in releasing any gaseous material to produce a flame due to the locking action of the safety latch and the effort required to move it cross-wise and upwards towards the unlocked position. Thus, in the event the lighter inadvertently comes into the possession of a young child, the child may be able to turn the spark-producing wheel but will, at best, only be able to produce sparks from the spark-producing wheel by rotating it against the flint. Gaseous material will not be released due to the action of the safety latch which directly prevents the valve actuator from being depressed thereby preventing the valve nozzle from expelling fuel.
Operation of the lighter requires a certain amount of dexterity and the application of concentrated forces as well as the application of a plurality of forces in multiple directions. Advantageously, these factors tend to render the lighter difficult to operate by young children.
Furthermore, the lighter of the present invention is a passive locking lighter. Advantageously, the lighter automatically returns to its locked configuration once the depressed valve actuator is released. Thus, the lighter is maintained in an at-rest configuration which is locked thereby preventing the production of a flame.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
These and other objects, features, and advantages of the present invention will become more readily apparent from the following detailed description of the invention in which:
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a preferred embodiment of a selectively actuatable child resistant lighter of the present invention in a locked position;
FIG. 2 is a fragmentary cross-sectional view along line 2--2 of the child resistant lighter of FIG. 1 depicting the lighter in a locked position;
FIG. 3 is an exploded view of a valve actuator and safety latch depicted in Figs. 1 and 2;
FIG. 4 is a bottom view along line 4--4 of the valve actuator depicted in FIG. 3;
FIG. 5 is a top view along line 5--5 of the safety latch depicted in FIG. 4;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram depicting a piezoelectric lighter apparatus in which the present invention may be employed and having an optional switch to prevent the production of sparks;
FIG. 7 is a perspective view of a preferred embodiment of the child resistant lighter in an unlocked position in which the position of the safety latch is moved from its at-rest position and the valve actuator is depressed allowing a valve to be opened and to release gas through a valve nozzle;
FIG. 8 is a fragmentary cross-sectional view along line 8--8 of FIG. 7 depicting the lighter in an unlocked and depressed position;
FIG. 9 is a frontal view of the safety latch in its locked position thereby preventing depression and actuation of the valve actuator;
FIG. 10 is a frontal view of the safety latch in a partially unlocked position;
FIG. 11 is a frontal view of the safety latch in its unlocked position;
FIG. 12 is a frontal view of the safety latch in its unlocked position and the valve actuator depressed so as to permit the flow of fuel; and
FIG. 13 is a frontal view of the safety latch in its locked position.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
Referring initially to FIG. 1, there is depicted, in an at-rest or locked position, the lighter of the present invention comprising a main body portion 12, a depressable valve actuator 14, a safety latch 16 and a spark-producing wheel 18. Depression of valve actuator 14 permits fuel to flow through a fuel nozzle (not shown) and to be ignited by sparks produced by spark-producing wheel 18 frictionally engaging a flint (not shown). Advantageously, unless safety latch 16 is positioned away from its depicted at-rest position and into a notch formed within valve actuator 14, any attempted depression of valve actuator 14 will not result in the flow of fuel and the lighter will be inoperable. The position of the safety latch 16 as shown in FIG. 1 may best be characterized as a "default position" under normal conditions.
A user typically holds the main body portion of a lighter in his hand, rotates with his thumb the spark-producing wheel in a direction toward the valve actuator to produce a spark, while depressing the valve actuator to allow fuel to pass through the valve nozzle. The spark produced by the wheel ignites the fuel. This is a relatively conventional structure for most lighters, including disposable lighters.
Referring now to FIG. 2, there is depicted a cross-section of the lighter of FIG. 1 in a locked position. More particularly, valve actuator 14 is pivotally mounted between side wall portions 13 which comprise extensions of the side walls of body portion 12. Valve actuator 14 is attached to hollow fuel nozzle 20 slidably supported within valve housing 28. Hollow fuel nozzle 20 is held within a bore in valve actuator 14 by flanges 21,23 having sufficient diameter to prevent slippage through the bore in valve actuator 14. A compressed spring 30 resides partially within a recess 32 in valve actuator 14 and causes fuel nozzle 20 to be urged downward into valve housing 28 and body portion 12. In such an embodiment, valve actuator 14 is employed to lift nozzle 20 in order to expel fuel. Alternatively, actuation of valve actuator 14 may serve to remove the pressure maintaining the valve nozzle in a closed position. A conventional valve assembly (not shown) is located near the recessed end of nozzle 20 and permits fuel flow through nozzle 20 only when valve actuator 14 is depressed.
Lighter 10 further comprises a sparking flint 22 mounted within a bore 24 in main body 12. Flint 22 is urged toward spark-producing wheel 18 by spring 26. Sparking wheel 18, which includes a toothed surface 19 which is preferably suitably hardened and against which flint 22 is urged, is mounted for rotation between side wall extension portions 13 in a conventional manner. The spark-producing wheel includes suitable indentations which define teeth such that when the wheel is rotated the toothed surface cuts against flint 22 causing the generation of ignition sparks.
Main body 12 defines an internal chamber 15 which is filled with a fuel 9 such as butane fuel capable of vaporizing in a conventional manner to produce a gaseous medium which passes through a fuel nozzle 20 under the control of a valve. Main body 12 is constructed from any suitable structural material and is preferably constructed from a plastic material. Polyacetal is preferred. However, such alternative materials as styrene acrylonitrile, polyester, nylon or the like may also be used. A preferably metallic shield 32 is provided to function as a wind guard around the flame thereby assisting in the ignition of the fuel.
As depicted in FIG. 1 a notched opening 21 is provided in body portion 12 to accommodate valve actuator 14 and safety latch 16 and, in particular, cross-wise movement of safety latch 16. As will be appreciated, the locked configuration i.e. the default position, of the lighter in FIGS. 1 and 2 in which safety latch is positioned directly beneath valve actuator 14 prevents depression of valve actuator 14, thereby preventing operation of the lighter.
Referring now to FIG. 3, there is depicted valve actuator 14 and safety latch 16 in greater detail. Valve actuator 14 comprises a finger depressable surface 34, extensions 36, a bore 38 and a stepped, or guide, notch 40. A user desiring to actuate the lighter depresses finger depressable surface 34. Extensions 36 are provided to matingly engage with bores in side wall portions 13 of body portion 12 to provide pivotal movement of the valve actuator. Bore 38 is adapted for receiving and grasping a portion of fuel nozzle 20. As will be appreciated, stepped notch 40 is provided for engagement with an upper surface of finger actuated portion 11 of safety latch 16 during actuation of the lighter. In the locked or closed configuration depicted in Figs. 1 and 2, an upper surface 42 of portion 11 of safety latch 16 is flush against a lower surface 44 of valve actuator 14, and a lower surface of portion 11 of safety latch 16 is flush against a section of body 12 formed by notch 21, thereby preventing depression of valve actuator 14.
Safety latch 16 is provided with pivoting extensions 46,48 which facilitate deflection and stabilization of safety latch 16 within body portion 12 and assures proper positioning and retention of safety latch 16 in notched opening 21 when the safety latch is compressed. Safety latch 16 is also provided with a limiting stop 50 for engagement against a section of body portion 12 formed by notch 21 (FIG. 1) in order to facilitate, in conjunction with forces provided by pivoting extensions 46 and 48, resilient movement of finger actuated portion 11 with respect to limiting stop 50. Limiting stop 50 is preferably provided with a tip section 51 to facilitate retaining safety latch 16 in the unlocked position. Safety latch 16 may be provided with ridged surface 17 to provide frictional resistance with a user's finger to facilitate movement of finger actuated portion 11 with respect to limiting stop 50.
Referring now to FIG. 4, there is depicted a view of the underside of valve actuator 14 along line 4--4 in FIG. 3. Recess 32 is adapted to receive spring 30 as depicted in FIG. 2 and may take on a variety of forms such as a simple indentation or a bore having a center pin 54, extensions 56 and a chamfered edge 58. Insertion of the fuel nozzle into bore 38 of valve actuator 14 is facilitated by slot 39 which permits expansion of bore 38 to easily receive the fuel nozzle. Valve actuator 14 is constructed from materials having sufficient dimensional stability and rigidity to continuously assure proper relative positioning between lower surface 44 of valve actuator 14 and upper surface 42 of safety latch 16. Actuator 14 is preferably constructed of glass filled polyetherimide. Other illustrative materials from which valve actuator 14 may also be constructed are zinc, brass, aluminum and other glass filled polymers such as polysulfone, polyester or the like.
Referring to FIG. 5, there is illustrated a view of the topside of safety latch 16 taken along line 5--5 in FIG. 3. Safety latch 16 is preferably constructed of polyetherimide. It is necessary that the material from which latch 16 is constructed is a relatively rigid material which is sufficiently resilient to permit movement of finger actuated portion 11 towards limiting stop 50 so as to at least partially close the opening thereinbetween and provide resilient movement of finger actuated portion 11 with respect to limiting stop 50. Illustrative of alternative materials from which safety latch 16 may be constructed include polysulfone, polyester, or any sufficiently resilient metal or elastomer, as well as a wide variety of other suitable materials.
FIG. 6 schematically depicts a piezoelectric type lighter in which the present invention may be employed. The piezoelectric lighter comprises hammer means 60, spark and fuel providing means 65, electrical cut-off safety switch 70 and locking means 75. The piezoelectric lighter operates in a conventional manner except for depression of hammer means 60 which is prevented by inclusion of locking means 75 operative on the fuel supply in accordance with the present invention. Illustratively, such a locking means comprises a safety latch and a valve actuator which preferably prevent the flow of fuel as previously described, as well as preventing the production of sparks. Alternatively, the locking means may be arranged to selectively prevent only the flow of fuel or it may be arranged to selectively prevent the production of sparks.
In operation of the present invention, and as depicted in FIG. 7, a user must first move safety latch 16 in a direction so as to sufficiently displace finger actuated portion 11 of safety latch 16 toward limiting stop 50 of safety latch 16 to ultimately permit depression of valve actuator 14. However, in order to facilitate retention of safety latch 16 in such a displaced position, safety latch 16 is then displaced in a direction such that a portion of finger actuated portion 11 of safety latch 16 abuts notch 40 of valve actuator 14, and tip section 51 is displaced to just above body portion 12. Depression of valve actuator 14 at this point combined with rotation of spark-producing wheel 18 will cause the lighter to operate. In particular, the sparks thus produced will ignite the gaseous fuel which is permitted to be expelled from nozzle 20 when valve actuator 14 lifts nozzle 20 thereby actuating the valve. The lifting action of valve actuator 14 in a vicinity near nozzle 20 relieves the pressurized condition in the fuel chamber thereby permitting the flow of fuel as a gaseous medium through nozzle 20 to be burned.
Referring now to FIG. 8, there is depicted a cross-section of the lighter of FIG. 7 in a depressed and actuated configuration. As will be appreciated, movement of finger actuated portion 11 of safety latch 16 toward limiting stop 50 of safety latch 16 will permit unimpeded depression of the valve actuator as depicted in FIGS. 7,8.
In particular, such movement of safety latch 16 followed by depression of valve actuator 14 will cause spring 30 to depress and fuel nozzle 20 to be urged upward and partially out of valve housing 28 and body portion 12. Such lifting of fuel nozzle 20 upward will permit fuel to flow from chamber 15 through the valve (not shown) and out of nozzle 20 whereupon it will have been ignited by sparks produced by flint 22 and toothed surface 19 of spark-producing wheel 18. Hollow fuel nozzle 20 is held within bore 38 in valve actuator 14 by flanges 21,23 having sufficient diameter to assure proper movement of the nozzle within valve housing 28.
FIGS. 9-13 depict the sequence of operations required for the locking and unlocking of the lighter. In particular, FIG. 9 depicts safety latch 16 and valve actuator 14 in an at-rest locked position. In this position, depression of valve actuator 14 by finger pressure on surface 34 is prevented by contact with surface 42 of finger actuated portion 11 of the safety latch. Finger actuated portion 11 is positioned directly beneath the underside of valve actuator 14.
FIG. 10 depicts safety latch 16 in a partially unlocked position and valve actuator 14 in an undepressed position. Portion 11 of safety latch 16 has been moved in a direction indicated by the arrow, providing a void 70 into which a portion 72 of valve actuator 14 may be subsequently inserted. As depicted, portion 11 of safety latch 16 is under compressive loading. Absent any holding pressure on portion 11 in the position depicted in FIG. 10, portion 11 will return to its at-rest position depicted in FIG. 9.
FIG. 11 depicts safety latch 16 and valve actuator 14 in an unlocked configuration ready for depression of valve actuator 14. Portion 11 of safety latch 16 has been moved upwards in a direction indicated by the arrow towards stepped, or guide, notch 40 of valve actuator 14. Limiting stop 50, which also forms part of safety latch 16, has also been moved upwards by applying force to portion 11 as indicated by the arrow. Advantageously, due to the compressive loading which safety latch 16 is under when portion 11 is approximately adjacent to limiting stop 50 (FIGS. 10, 11), removal of holding pressure from portion 11 once portion 11 has been inserted towards notch 40 (FIG. 11) will not result in portion 11 slipping toward void 70 but will maintain the lighter in the configuration depicted in FIG. 11, until valve actuator 14 is depressed. Retention of safety latch 16 in the unlocked configuration may be facilitated by moving limiting stop 50 upwards a distance sufficient to position tip section 51 of limiting stop 50 just above body portion 12 as indicated in FIG. 11.
Application of finger pressure to valve actuator 14 as depicted in FIG. 11 will yield the configuration depicted in FIG. 12 in which valve actuator 14 has been depressed thereby permitting fuel to flow through the valve and fuel nozzle (not shown). In particular, as valve actuator 14 is depressed, notch 40 of the valve actuator facilitates the urging of safety latch 16 towards its locked position. Provided that spark-producing wheel 18 (FIG. 7) was actuated in combination with valve actuator 14 being depressed, the fuel flowing through the fuel nozzle will be ignited. Such fuel will continue to flow and burn as long as sufficient pressure is maintained on valve actuator 14.
Once pressure is removed from valve actuator 14, the valve actuator will move upward due to the biasing force provided by spring 30 as indicated in FIG. 13, and the flame will be extinguished. Advantageously, as valve actuator 14 moves upward, safety latch 16 remains in the down position in void 70 since frictional forces between portion 11 and actuator 14 are less than the forces required to lift the safety latch and overcome, inter alia, such forces as those required to deflect extensions 46,48. Once valve actuator 14 moves upward a sufficient amount, portion 11 moves in the direction indicated by the arrow in FIG. 13 towards its at-rest position.
While it is apparent that the invention herein disclosed is well calculated to fulfill the objects above stated, it will be appreciated that numerous modifications and embodiments may be devised by those skilled in the art, and it is intended that the appended claims cover all such modifications and embodiments as fall within the true spirit and scope of the present invention.
More specifically, the locking mechanism and lighter disclosed and claimed herein are not limited to use in disposable lighters. Additionally, a flame height adjusting mechanism may be provided to selectively adjust the height of the flame. Moreover, the present invention is in no way limited to a locking mechanism in which a safety latch is moved first in a cross-wise direction then in an upwards direction ninety degrees from the cross-wise direction in order to provide a void into which a valve actuator may be depressed. For example, any of a wide variety of locking mechanisms or actions may be employed, such as mechanisms having right-left, front-rear, over and down, in and over, etc. type actions. Although it has been found that the present embodiment as described may be used by both right and left handed users, the positioning and direction of movement of elements may be reversed.

Claims (24)

What is claimed is:
1. A flame producing lighter which comprises:
a housing defining reservoir for containing a combustible gaseous medium under pressure;
valve means arranged for selective actuation between a normally closed position which prevents exit of said gaseous medium from said reservoir, and an open position which permits exit of gaseous medium from said reservoir through said valve means;
means for selectively producing sparks at a location proximate the gaseous medium exit opening of said valve means thereby selectively causing ignition of said gaseous medium;
means normally positioned for preventing actuation of said valve means to the open position, said valve actuation prevention means having an arcuate body, first and second extensions projecting away from said body and a finger portion movable out of said position only by application of an external force; and
means for selectively moving said valve actuation prevention means to a second position whereby actuation of said valve means to the open position is permitted thereby selectively permitting exit of said combustible gaseous medium from said valve means and ignition of said gaseous medium by sparks produced by said spark producing means.
2. The flame producing lighter according to claim 1 wherein said valve means is actuated to the open position by actuator means and said finger portion comprises means for preventing pivotal movement of said actuator means by interference with the movement thereof, said finger portion being selectively movable to a position out of interference with said valve actuator means.
3. The flame producing lighter according to claim 2 wherein said finger portion is normally retained in a valve actuation interference position, the movement thereof to said position out of interference with said valve actuator means being resiliently provided by said first and second extensions.
4. The flame producing lighter according to claim 3 wherein the resilient movement of said finger portion causes said finger portion to return to its position beneath said valve actuator once the valve actuator is released, thus preventing the valve nozzle from opening.
5. The flame producing lighter according to claim 4 wherein said finger portion is movable cross-wise and upwards towards a guide notch in said valve actuator until said valve actuator is depressed, whereby gaseous material exits and the finger portion moves back under the valve actuator when the valve actuator is released.
6. The flame producing lighter according to claim 5 wherein said means for selectively producing sparks comprises flint material and a rotatable spark-producing wheel having a toothed surface positioned and arranged to selectively frictionally contact said flint material.
7. The flame producing lighter according to claim 5 wherein said means for selectively producing sparks comprises electric spark-producing means.
8. The flame producing lighter according to claim 5 wherein said means for selectively producing sparks comprises piezoelectric spark-producing means.
9. A flame producing lighter resistant to unauthorized use and normally maintained in a locked configuration comprising:
a housing;
fuel supply means for supplying fuel to be ignited;
ignition means for igniting fuel;
valve means for controlling the flow of said fuel;
a valve actuator which normally prevents escape of said fuel supply when in a first position and is depressable to a second position which permits actuation of said fuel supply means thereby permitting fuel to flow out from said fuel supply means;
a safety latch having a portion normally positioned between said valve actuator and said housing which normally prevents depression of said depressable valve actuator and normally maintains said lighter in said locked configuration,
wherein cross-wise movement of said safety latch provides a void between said valve actuator and said housing, said void being sufficient in size to enable said valve actuator to be depressed at least partially into said void, and
wherein upwards movement, subsequent to said cross-wise movement, of said safety latch towards a position at least partially adjacent to said valve actuator, said position being resiliently maintained by pressure exerted by said safety latch on said valve actuator and said housing, provides said lighter in said unlocked configuration in which said valve actuator is capable of being depressed, thereby permitting fuel to flow.
10. The flame producing lighter according to claim 9 wherein said ignition means comprises a spark-producing wheel and a flint urged against said wheel and wherein sparks are produced by rotation of said wheel.
11. The flame producing lighter according to claim 9 wherein said ignition means comprises electric spark-producing means.
12. The flame producing lighter according to claim 9 wherein said ignition means comprises piezoelectric spark-producing means.
13. A flame developing lighter comprising:
(a) a housing;
(b) fuel supply means for supplying fuel to be ignited;
(c) ignition means for igniting said fuel;
(d) valve means for selectively permitting flow of said fuel; and
(e) control means for preventing the combination of production of fuel flow and spark generation so as to prevent production of a flame and for permitting substantially simultaneous production of fuel flow and spark generation to produce a flame, said control means including:
(i) a valve actuator which normally prevents escape of said fuel from said fuel supply when in a first position and is depressable to a second position which permits actuation of said fuel supply means thereby permitting fuel to flow out from said fuel supply means; and
(ii) a safety latch which normally prevents depression of said depressable valve actuator, at least a portion of said safety latch being normally positioned between said valve actuator and said housing thereby preventing depression of said valve actuator,
wherein cross-wise movement of said safety latch provides a void between said valve actuator and said housing said void being sufficient in size to enable said valve actuator to be depressed at least partially into said void, and wherein upwards movement, subsequent to said cross-wise movement, of said safety latch towards a position at least partially adjacent to said valve actuator, said position being resiliently maintained by pressure exerted by said safety latch on said valve actuator and said housing, provides said lighter in an unlocked position in which said valve actuator is capable of being depressed, thereby permitting fuel to flow.
14. The flame developing lighter according to claim 13 wherein said ignition means comprises a spark-producing wheel and a flint urged against said wheel and wherein sparks are produced by rotation of said wheel.
15. The flame developing lighter according to claim 13 wherein said ignition means comprises electric spark-producing means.
16. The flame developing lighter according to claim 13 wherein said ignition means comprises piezoelectric spark-producing means.
17. A flame developing lighter comprising:
(a) a housing;
(b) fuel supply means for supplying fuel to be ignited;
(c) ignition means for igniting said fuel;
(d) valve means for selectively permitting flow of said fuel; and
(e) means for selectively unlocking said lighter from a normally locked configuration in which fuel is prevented from flowing, said means for selectively unlocking said lighter including:
(i) a valve actuator which normally prevents escape of fuel from said fuel supply when in a first position and is depressable to a second position which permits actuation of said fuel supply means thereby permitting fuel to flow out from said fuel supply means; and
(ii) a safety latch which normally prevents depression of said depressable valve actuator, at least a portion of said safety latch being normally positioned between said valve actuator and said housing thereby preventing depression of said valve actuator,
wherein cross-wise movement of said safety latch provides a void between said valve actuator and said housing, said void being sufficient in size to enable said valve actuator to be depressed at least partially into said void, and wherein upwards movement, subsequent to said cross-wise movement, of said safety latch towards a position at least partially adjacent to said valve actuator, said position being resiliently maintained by pressure exerted by said safety latch on said valve actuator and said housing, provides said lighter in an unlocked position in which said valve actuator is capable of being depressed, thereby permitting fuel to flow.
18. The flame developing lighter according to claim 17 wherein said ignition means comprises a spark-producing wheel and a flint urged against said wheel and wherein sparks are produced by rotation of said wheel.
19. The flame developing lighter according to claim 17 wherein said ignition means comprises electric spark-producing means.
20. The flame developing lighter according to claim 17 wherein said ignition means comprises piezoelectric spark-producing means.
21. A flame producing lighter which comprises:
a housing defining reservoir for containing a combustible gaseous medium under pressure;
valve means;
means pivotally mounted for selective actuation of said valve means between a normally closed position which prevents exit of said gaseous medium from said reservoir, and an open position which permits exit of gaseous medium from said reservoir through said valve means;
means for selectively producing sparks at a location proximate the gaseous medium exit opening of said valve means thereby selectively causing ignition of said gaseous medium;
a safety latch having an arcuate body, first and second extensions projecting away from said body and a finger portion positioned beneath at least a portion of said valve actuation means so as to interfere with the pivotal movement of said valve actuation means for preventing actuation of said valve means to the open position, said finger portion being movable out of interference with said valve actuation means only by application of an external user applied force; and
means to retain said finger portion in a valve actuation position until said valve means is moved to the open position and released.
22. A flame producing lighter which comprises:
a housing defining reservoir for containing a combustible gaseous medium under pressure;
valve means;
actuator means pivotally arranged for selective actuation of said valve means between a normally closed position which prevents exit of said gaseous medium from said reservoir, and an open position which permits exit of gaseous medium from said reservoir through said valve means;
means for preventing pivotal movement of said actuator means by interference with the movement thereof, having an arcuate body, first and second extensions projecting away from said body and a finger portion, said finger portion being selectively movable to a position out of interference with said valve actuator means, said finger portion being normally retained in a valve actuation interference position, the movement thereof to said position out of interference with said valve actuator means being resiliently provided by said extensions to return said finger portion to its position in interference with said valve actuator when said valve actuator is released, thus preventing said valve nozzle from opening; and
means for selectively producing sparks at a location proximate the gaseous medium exit opening of said valve means thereby selectively causing ignition of said gaseous medium.
23. A fuel cut-off safety mechanism for use in combination with a lighter which comprises:
means for normally preventing actuation of a fuel supply;
means for selectively permitting actuation of said fuel supply including a depressible valve actuator which upon depression actuates said fuel supply thereby permitting fuel to flow out from said fuel supply; and
a safety latch which normally prevents depression of said depressible valve actuator, said safety latch being normally positioned between said valve actuator and a main body housing of said lighter so as to prevent a depression of said valve actuator, said safety latch being arranged such that cross wise movement of said safety latch provides a void between said valve actuator and said main body housing, the void being sufficient in size to enable said valve actuator to be depressed at least partially thereinto, and upward movement of said safety latch, subsequent to said cross wise movement, toward a position at least partially adjacent to said valve actuator causes said position to be resiliently maintained by force exerted by said safety latch on said valve actuator and said main body housing, thereby placing said lighter in an unlocked position wherein said valve actuator is capable of being depressed thereby permitting fuel to flow.
24. A fuel cutoff safety mechanism for use in combination with a lighter comprising:
(a) means for normally preventing actuation of a fuel supply; and
(b) means for selectively permitting actuation of said fuel supply, such selective actuation of said fuel supply and a corresponding production of sparks by spark-producing means causing fuel from said fuel supply to be ignited, said actuation permitting means including:
(i) a depressable valve actuator which, upon depression, actuates said fuel supply thereby permitting fuel to flow out from said fuel supply; and
(ii) a safety latch which normally prevents depression of said depressable valve actuator, at least a portion of said safety latch being normally positioned between said valve actuator and a main body housing of said lighter thereby preventing depression of said valve actuator,
wherein cross-wise movement of said safety latch provides a void between said valve actuator and said main body housing, said void being sufficient in size to enable said valve actuator to be depressed at least partially into said void, and wherein upwards movement, subsequent to said crosswise movement, of said safety latch towards a position at least partially adjacent to said valve actuator, said position being resiliently maintained by pressure exerted by said safety latch on said valve actuator and said main body housing, provides said lighter in an unlocked position in which said valve actuator is capable of being depressed, thereby permitting fuel to flow.
US07239734 1988-09-02 1988-09-02 Selectively actuatable lighter Expired - Lifetime US5002482B1 (en)

Priority Applications (30)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US07239734 US5002482B1 (en) 1988-09-02 1988-09-02 Selectively actuatable lighter
EP89308631A EP0357347B1 (en) 1988-09-02 1989-08-24 Selectively actuatable lighter
AT89308631T ATE97475T1 (en) 1988-09-02 1989-08-24 SELECTABLE LIGHTER.
CA000609217A CA1330166C (en) 1988-09-02 1989-08-24 Selectively actuatable lighter
DE68910755T DE68910755T2 (en) 1988-09-02 1989-08-24 Selectable lighter.
ES198989308631T ES2046485T3 (en) 1988-09-02 1989-08-24 SELECTIVELY ACTIONABLE LIGHTER.
AR89314794A AR244421A1 (en) 1988-09-02 1989-08-30 Selectively actuatable lighter
MX017385A MX166349B (en) 1988-09-02 1989-08-31 SELECTIVELY ACTIONABLE LIGHTER
JP1509386A JP2531592B2 (en) 1988-09-02 1989-09-01 Writer that can be operated selectively
PCT/US1989/003795 WO1990002908A1 (en) 1988-09-02 1989-09-01 Selectively actuatable lighter
NZ230522A NZ230522A (en) 1988-09-02 1989-09-01 Cigarette lighter with safety latch for gas valve
BR898907070A BR8907070A (en) 1988-09-02 1989-09-01 FLAME PRODUCER LIGHTER; SAFETY MECHANISM FUEL SWITCH FOR USE IN COMBINATION WITH THE SAME
KR1019900700884A KR960002801B1 (en) 1988-09-02 1989-09-01 Selectively actuatable lighter
AU42106/89A AU616055B2 (en) 1988-09-02 1989-09-01 Selectively actuatable lighter
US07/455,059 US5125829A (en) 1988-09-02 1989-12-22 Bidirectional selectively actuatable lighter
FI902165A FI100483B (en) 1988-09-02 1990-04-30 Lighter forming a flame
NO901937A NO173071C (en) 1988-09-02 1990-04-30 SELECTIVELY ACTIVABLE LIGHTS
DK107990A DK107990A (en) 1988-09-02 1990-05-01 SELECTIVE ACTIVABLE LEIGHTER
US07/723,989 US5456598A (en) 1988-09-02 1991-07-01 Selectively actuatable lighter
US07/965,958 US5435719A (en) 1988-09-02 1992-10-23 Selectively actuatable lighter
US07/965,831 US5445518A (en) 1988-09-02 1992-10-23 Selectively actuatable lighter
US07/965,832 US5427522A (en) 1988-09-02 1992-10-23 Selectively actuatable lighter
US08/071,863 US5487657A (en) 1988-09-02 1993-06-03 Selectively actuatable lighter
US08/192,945 US5431558A (en) 1988-09-02 1994-02-07 Selectively actuatable lighter
US08/394,857 US5584682A (en) 1988-09-02 1995-02-27 Selectively actuatable lighter with anti-defeat latch
US08/443,569 US5636979A (en) 1988-09-02 1995-05-22 Selectively actuatable lighter
US08/462,988 US5642993A (en) 1988-09-02 1995-06-05 Selectively actuatable lighter
US08/472,061 US5628627A (en) 1988-09-02 1995-06-06 Selectively actuatable lighter
US08/855,520 US6077069A (en) 1988-09-02 1997-05-13 Selectively actuatable lighter
US08/871,315 US6045354A (en) 1988-09-02 1997-06-09 Selectively actuatable lighter

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US07239734 US5002482B1 (en) 1988-09-02 1988-09-02 Selectively actuatable lighter

Related Child Applications (3)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US07/455,059 Continuation-In-Part US5125829A (en) 1988-09-02 1989-12-22 Bidirectional selectively actuatable lighter
US60966890A Continuation 1988-09-02 1990-11-06
US60966890A Continuation-In-Part 1988-09-02 1990-11-06

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
US5002482A true US5002482A (en) 1991-03-26
US5002482B1 US5002482B1 (en) 2000-02-29

Family

ID=22903489

Family Applications (4)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US07239734 Expired - Lifetime US5002482B1 (en) 1988-09-02 1988-09-02 Selectively actuatable lighter
US08/071,863 Expired - Lifetime US5487657A (en) 1988-09-02 1993-06-03 Selectively actuatable lighter
US08/472,061 Expired - Lifetime US5628627A (en) 1988-09-02 1995-06-06 Selectively actuatable lighter
US08/855,520 Expired - Lifetime US6077069A (en) 1988-09-02 1997-05-13 Selectively actuatable lighter

Family Applications After (3)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US08/071,863 Expired - Lifetime US5487657A (en) 1988-09-02 1993-06-03 Selectively actuatable lighter
US08/472,061 Expired - Lifetime US5628627A (en) 1988-09-02 1995-06-06 Selectively actuatable lighter
US08/855,520 Expired - Lifetime US6077069A (en) 1988-09-02 1997-05-13 Selectively actuatable lighter

Country Status (16)

Country Link
US (4) US5002482B1 (en)
EP (1) EP0357347B1 (en)
JP (1) JP2531592B2 (en)
KR (1) KR960002801B1 (en)
AR (1) AR244421A1 (en)
AT (1) ATE97475T1 (en)
AU (1) AU616055B2 (en)
BR (1) BR8907070A (en)
CA (1) CA1330166C (en)
DE (1) DE68910755T2 (en)
DK (1) DK107990A (en)
ES (1) ES2046485T3 (en)
FI (1) FI100483B (en)
MX (1) MX166349B (en)
NZ (1) NZ230522A (en)
WO (1) WO1990002908A1 (en)

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US9734378B2 (en) 2008-08-20 2017-08-15 John Gibson Enterprises, Inc. Portable biometric lighter
US9940499B2 (en) 2008-08-20 2018-04-10 John Gibson Enterprises, Inc. Portable biometric lighter
US10502419B2 (en) 2017-09-12 2019-12-10 John Gibson Enterprises, Inc. Portable biometric lighter
US10969102B2 (en) 2017-09-12 2021-04-06 John Gibson Enterprises, Inc. Portable biometric lighter
US11774096B2 (en) 2017-09-12 2023-10-03 John Gibson Portable biometric lighter

Also Published As

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NZ230522A (en) 1991-11-26
ES2046485T3 (en) 1994-02-01
DK107990D0 (en) 1990-05-01
FI100483B (en) 1997-12-15
CA1330166C (en) 1994-06-14
KR900702303A (en) 1990-12-06
JPH03501050A (en) 1991-03-07
DE68910755T2 (en) 1994-08-04
FI902165A0 (en) 1990-04-30
EP0357347B1 (en) 1993-11-18
US5628627A (en) 1997-05-13
AR244421A1 (en) 1993-10-29
JP2531592B2 (en) 1996-09-04
MX166349B (en) 1992-12-30
WO1990002908A1 (en) 1990-03-22
US5002482B1 (en) 2000-02-29
AU616055B2 (en) 1991-10-17
US6077069A (en) 2000-06-20
AU4210689A (en) 1990-04-02
ATE97475T1 (en) 1993-12-15
US5487657A (en) 1996-01-30
DK107990A (en) 1990-05-01
EP0357347A1 (en) 1990-03-07
KR960002801B1 (en) 1996-02-26
BR8907070A (en) 1991-01-08
DE68910755D1 (en) 1993-12-23

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