US3884554A

US3884554A - Display sheet material and method

Info

Publication number: US3884554A
Application number: US238570A
Authority: US
Inventors: Jerome H Lemelson
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1969-08-11
Filing date: 1972-03-27
Publication date: 1975-05-20
Anticipated expiration: 1992-05-20

Abstract

A display sheet material is provided which generates interference fringe patterns which appear to move to an observer upon relative movement of the sheet and the observer. In one form, lenticular formations or parallel printed lines on respective surfaces of different transparent sheets generate fringe patterns. The sheets are secured together in a manner to permit some degree of movement between portions of both sheets to permit variation in the shape and configuration of the fringe patterns.

Description

United States Patent [1 1 Lemelson 1 DISPLAY SHEET MATERIAL AND METHOD [76] Inventor: Jerome H. Lemelson, 85 Rictor St.,

Metuchen, NJ. 08840 22 Filed: Mar. 27, 1972 211 Appl. No.: 233,570

Related U.S. Application Data [63] Continuation-impart of Ser. No. 849,117, Aug. 11,

1969, Pat. N0. 3,684,614.

[52] U.S. Cl. 350/164; 350/106; 40/106.51;

40/136; 40/137; 428/29; 428/34; 428/203 [51] Int. Cl 34 1/06 [58] Field of Search 161/1, 2, 3.5, 116,14,

[56] References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,917,854 12/1959 Swarbrick .1 40/106.51 2,951,419 9/1960 Leme1son...... 350/106 2,982,033 5/1961 Bingham 40/1065] 3,003,599 10/1961 Rubissow 161/116 1 1 May 20, 1975 3,155,764 11/1964 Gill, Jr. 350/106 3,250,173 5/1966 Henry................ 161/2 3,264,164 8/1966 .lerothe et al.. 161/1 16 3,312,006 4/1967 Rowland 350/106 3,340,669 9/1967 Farquharson 156/156 3,357,772 12/1967 Rowland 161/116 3,523,055 8/1970 Lemelson 156/156 3,538,632 11/1970 Anderson 40/137 3,589,045 6/1971 Rakowski 40/137 3,683,419 8/1972 Lewis 40/106.5l

Primary Examiner-George F. Lesmes Assistant Examiner-Stanley S. Silverman [57] ABSTRACT A display sheet material is provided which generates interference fringe patterns which appear to move to an observer upon relative movement of the sheet and the observer. In one form, lenticular formations or parallel printed lines on respective surfaces of different transparent sheets generate fringe patterns. The sheets are secured together in a manner to permit some degree of movement between portions of both sheets to permit variation in the shape and configuration of the fringe patterns.

10 Claims, 8 Drawing Figures DISPLAY SHEET MATERIAL AND METHOD RELATED APPLICATIONS This is a continuation in part of application Ser. No. 849,l l7 filed Au'g. l l, 1969 for Display and Manufacturing Apparatus now U.S. Pat. No. 3,684,6l4.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION This invention relates to improvements in display sheet material, preferably flexible translucent plastic sheet capable of generating interference fringe patterns which appear to move or change configuration as the sheet is moved or deformed.

It is a primary object of this invention to provide a new and improved display sheet material having optical effects which are attention getting and pleasing to observe.

Another object is to provide a display sheet material in which is generated interference fringe patterns which not only may be made to shift position or move as the sheet is handled but will also change in configuration.

Another object is to provide a display material which is low in cost and may be used for a component of various products.

Another object is to provide a display material containing lenticular formations therein for generating a variety of optical effects including interference patterns, which formations are disposed facing each other LII within the sheet and are therefore protected from damage or contamination.

Another object is to provide a display material capable of generating changing optical effects, which material may also be utilized to heat insulate and protect by shock absorption, an article with which it is assembled.

Another object is to provide an apparatus and method for forming indicia within a transparent plastic sheet which is deliniated from a background of interference patterns by exhibiting a lack or variation in such interference patterns.

With thee above and such other objects in view as may hereafter more fully appear, the invention consists of the novel constructions, combinations and arrangements of parts as will be more fully described and illustrated in the accompanying drawings, but it is to be understood that changes, variations and modifications may be resorted to which fall within the scope of the invention as claimed.

IN THE DRAWINGS:

FIG. I is an end cross-sectional view of a fragment of a first form of display sheet material formed of two abutted transparent, embossed sheets;

FIG. 2 is an end view in cross section of a fragment of a display sheet material containing portions of two embossed sheets which are spaced-separated from each other;

FIG. 3 is an end cross-sectional view of a composite display sheet material having printed grid patterns for generating interference effects;

FIG. 4 is an end cross-sectional view of a portion of a display sheet material having lenticular surface formations which face each other;

FIG. 5 shows a fragment of the material of FIG. 4 in a flat condition;

FIG. 6 shows the fragment of FIG. 5 deformed;

FIG. 7 is an end cross-sectional view of a portion of sheet material capable of producing interference optical effects which appear to change in configuration and move when the sheet is deformed, the sheet material being made of a lamination of lenticular material and printed material; and

FIG. 8 is an end cross-sectional view of a portion of display sheet material of the type shown in FIG. 1 and embossing means therefore for changing the content of the image changing or interference pattern display.

FIG. I is an end cross sectional view of a display material 10 made of two sheets 11 and I5 0f translucent material such as transparent plastic having

flat contacting surfaces

12 and 16 and respective outer surfaces I3 and 17 in which are formed respective lenticular formations l4 and 18. The lenticular formations l4 and 18 are respective parallel arrays of oblong lenses such as semi-cylindrical parallel ribs embossed or molded in the

respective faces

13 and 17 of the sheets. I have discovered that if the parallel oblong lens formations in one sheet are angulated between about 3 and 25 to the parallel lens formation in the other sheet, interference bands will develop which are observable through the composite material 10 from either surface thereof which bands will vary in thickness depending on the angle between the lens formations. Furthermore, the interference bands will appear to move to an observer as the angle between the line of sight and the observer and the surface of the composite material 10 changes further, the degree and relative velocity of movement of the interference bands is a function of angle between parallel lens formations which velocity and degree increases as the angle increases until the interference effect substantially disappears at an angle of between 20 and 25.

If the materials of which two sheets 11 and 15 are made is a flexible plastic such as plasticized polyvinyl chloride, and the total thickness of the composite sheet 10 is less than about 60 mils, and preferably under 25 mils, the sheet may be easily bent or flexed as applied to a substrate or during its handling. and will generate very eyecatching, if not startling, optical effects. The two sheets II and 15 may be solvent or adhesive bonded or welded together along their entire flat sides or as described hereafter.

In FIG. 2 is shown a composite sheet material 20 made of two sheets 21 and 25 of flexible material of the type defined in FIG. 1 or as otherwise defined hereafter, which sheets are bonded or welded together only along space-separated spot or band-like areas or lines 29 permitting portions of the sheets between the joined portions to become slightly separated and/or shift with respect to each other as the composite assembly 20 is deformed as it is handled, used or otherwise moved. The volume V between the sheets 21 and 25 may be an air space of such thickness as to permit certain portions of the two sheets to contact each other during the handling, bending or folding of the material 20 while other areas adjacent to the contacting areas remain out of contact, and/or to permit variation in the separation distances between the flat faces 22 and 26 of the sheets across the non-bonded portions so as to generate slight interference effects which vary in shape, size and degree of movement as the material is handled or otherwise deformed.

While the lens formations 24 and 28 in the

outer faces

23 and 27 of the two sheets may comprise oblong semi-cylindrical formations. they may also be formed in any other configuration which will generate fringe patterns which will be affected as described, by the separation and relative shifting of those portions of the two sheets which are not joined. Semi-spherical or otherwise formed configurations will also serve to generate 7 suitable fringe patterns which vary as described.

In a modified form of the embodiment of FIG. 2 it is noted that gas under pressure slightly above atmospheric perhaps a pound or two or less may be entrapped between the sheets in the volumes V to expand the sheet portion thereof and maintain them slightly apart.

It is noted that fringe pattern effects which change, as described, may also be generated in the material if the sheets are joined together with surfaces 26 and 27 containing

lenticular formations

24 and 28 facing each other.

In FIG. 3 is shown another form of the invention wherein a composite material 30 is made of two

sheets

31 and 35 of flexible translucent or transparent plastic, as described, which are welded together along spaceseparated spot or band-like areas 39 leaving

portions

31a and 35a of the

sheets

31 and 35 with their

inside faces

32 and 36 which are unjoined and are capable of a slight degree of relative shifting as the sheets are bent or flexed. Printed on the

outer faces

33 and 37 of the

sheets

31 and 35 are

respective indicia

34 and 38 which may comprise respective sets of parallel bands of opaque or translucent colored printing material. Various interference effects may be generated which vary as described, by providing the parallel space separated bands 34 on one face, angulated with respect to those on the other face. The indicia may also be disposed on the

inside faces

32 and 36 of the

sheets

31 and 35 although the interference effects will not be as prounounced. Depending on the interference effects desired, the indicia arrays composed of

elements

34 and 38 may comprise opaque or colored parallel translucent bands which in the range of 0.005 to 0.050 inches wide which are angulated between about 3 and to each other. The bands are preferably equispaced from each other a degree equal to the width of each band although their thickness and separation may vary across the composite sheet. The printed matter on the

opposite faces

33 and 37 of the sheets may also comprise spot-like depositions of ink which are of the same shape and equi-spaced from each other to produce interference patterns which vary in shape and appear to move as the material is flexed in handling or use.

The volumes V shown as existing between those portions of the sheets 31 and of FIG. 3 which are disposed between the band-like bonded or welded interfacial areas 39 may vary in thickness from substantially sliding contact between the two sheets which will permit relative shifting of the printed

bands

34 and 38 on the outer surfaces of the composite material 30 as said material is handled and deflected or bent during use to a height which is attained as a result of gas pressurizing said volumes to retain the flexible sheet portions of which the composite material is made apart from each other as illustrated. If the printed bands or

lines

34 and 38 are relatively narrow, say within the range of 0.005 and 0.030 inches wide, then interference bands may be generated which will appear to move or shift in pattern as the flexible material is deflected or bent during use.

If the

bands

34 and 38 are relatively wider, in the range of 0015-0060 inches and are equally spaced apart with the bands on one face of the composite material angulated with respect to those printed on the other face thereof, and the volume V is greater than the thickness of one of the sheets comprising the composite material and preferably greater than the total thickness of the two sheets, then various dynamic optical effects may be derived which will be eye-catching and striking to an observer. For example, the so-called picket fence effect" may be derived wherein the illusion of movement of interference bands is effected to an observer looking through the composite material and moving relative thereto.

It is further noted that while the structure shown in FIG. 2 illustrates a volume V having a thickness which is about one third of the thickness of one of the two lenticulated sheets, comprising the composite material, said volume may be larger or smaller in thickness than illustrated depending on the total thickness and stiff ness of the two sheets comprising the composite material, whether or not a gas under pressure is disposed between the two sheets and in accordance with the optical effects desired. At one extreme, the volume V may be such as to permit both sliding contact between the two faces 22 and 26 of the sheets 21 and 25 and also separation of said faces depending on the physical deflection or bending of the material, thereby permitting variable optical effects in interference patterns to be created as the material is handled or otherwise deflected.

In FIG. 4 is shown another form of composite material 40 composed of

separate sheets

41 and 44 of flexible transparent plastic material, each preferably in the range of 0003-0030 inches thick and each provided with respective

lenticular formations

43 and 46 formed in surfaces thereof which face or abut each other in the laminated assembly shown and comprising the composite material. The

lenticular formations

43 and 46 formed in respective facing surfaces 42 and 45 of the

sheets

41 and 44 may be semi-spherical in shape and offset from each other or semi-cylindrical in shape and angulated as described with respect to each other to provide a variety of different interference effects depending on the shape, width and degree of offsetting or angulation between the lenticular formations in the two sheets.

To secure the two

sheets

41 and 42 together, a plurality of weld or bond areas 47 which may be in the shape of spot-like areas or lines running parallel to or criss crossing each other are provided and are sufficiently spaced from each other to permit the material of the two sheets between each of the bond areas or welds to contact each other or be separated from each other, as illustrated, to provide an extended interfacial volume 48 therebetween and interference effects which will appear to change and become variably irregular depending upon the shape and deformation or bending of the composite material.

FIGS. 5 and 6 illustrate how the lenticular formations in the

sheet portions

41 and 44 of the sheet material of FIG. 4 may shift with respect to each other as the composite material is deflected or bent. In FIG. 5 the lenticular formations 43 in sheet portion 41 are substantially aligned with lenticular formations 46 in sheet portion 44. In FIG. 6, the composite material 40 has been bent or curved about a raise such as to cause a slight shifting of the formations in each sheet portion with respect to those of the other sheet portion. As a result. not only will there be a shifting in the interference pattern formed by the shifting of the lenticular formations but there will also be a variation in the shape of said pattern caused by certain of the lenticular formations of one sheet separating from those of another as illustrated.

In FIG. 7 is shown a modified form of display sheet which is a lamination of two

sheets

47 and 49. the former having its outer surface embossed with semicylindrical or semi-spherical lenticulations 48 and the latter (49) being provided with indicia P printed on its inside surface which is bonded to the inside surface of sheet 47 only along space separated band or spot like areas between the two so as to provide portions of the composite sheet which may abut or become separated a distance from each other depending on the degree the two sheets are deflected. If the formations 48 are elongated ribs such as semicylindrical in shape and the indicia P is composed of parallel space separated opaque or transparent colored bands or two or more arrays of colored band which are interposed between each other positioned and configured to generate image changing or color changing effects. by variably separating the two sheets as they are deflected in handling, further variations in such image or color changing effects may be produced as the sheet material composed of the two

sheets

47 and 49 is deflected or deformed such as in handling. For example, portions of the image being viewed may disappear or change in content due to lateral shifting of the two sheet portions thereof as shown in FIGS. 5 and 6.

In FIG. 8 is shown an apparatus and method for varying the shape and interference effects formed in a display sheet material constructed in accordance with the teachings of FIG. 1 although the apparatus may also be utilized to provide indicia or design in material of the type shown in FIG. 4.

The lenticular material. denoted 57. is a sheet having lenticular formations 58 in one surface thereof and cooperating lenticular formations 59 in the opposite surface thcreof. The

lenticular formations

58 and 59 may comprise semi-spherical or semi-cylindrical formations which are operable to generate interference patterns in the two sheets which appear to move to an observer whose line of sight is shifting with respect to the sheet material. In order to provide indicia such as symbols, trademarks, letters numbers or other designs in the sheet material 57, certain of the lenticular formations in both surfaces of said sheet are removed by means of an apparatus 50 composed of opposed embossing plates or rolls SI and 54 having raised

portions

52 and 55 and recessed

portions

53 and 56. The raised

portions

52 and 55 serve to compress certain portions 60 of the sheet 57 therebetween and if the

plates

51 and 54 are properly heated may be used to emboss out the lenticular formations in the outer surfaces of the sheet 57. The areas in which the lenticular formations are embossed out may be of any suitable configuration and may serve to eliminate the interference effects along said embossed-out areas so as to provide a sheet having interference effects defining certain areas thereof and no such interference effects comprising other areas thereof which are deliniated from the interference areas by the lack of interference bands or other shapes.

I claim:

l. A composite flexible display sheet material made of a plurality of thin light transmitting flexible plastic sheets comprising:

first and second sheets defining different strata of said sheet material, means for joining said first and second sheets facewise together along a plurality of space-separated portions of said first and second sheets with juxtapositioned portions of said sheets between the joined portions of said sheets being unjoined and capable of some degree of relative shifting movement with respect to each other when the composite sheet material is deformed out of flatness,

each of said first and second sheets containing respective light diffracting means which cooperates with the light diffracting means of the other sheet in generating optical fringe pattern effects to an observer looking through said composite sheet material, and operable whereby, when the sheet material is flexed, said observed fringe pattern effects will appear to the observer to change in shape and to move a degree other than the degree of movement of the display sheet material during the flexure thereof.

2. A composite display sheet material in accordance with claim 1 wherein said light diffracting means of at least one of said sheet layers comprises lenticular formations in at least one surface thereof.

3. A composite display sheet material in accordance with claim 1 wherein said light diffracting means comprises lenticular formations formed in at least one of the major surfaces of each of said sheet layers.

4. A composite display sheet material in accordance with claim 3 wherein said lenticular formation formed in said first and second sheet layers comprise respective parallel rib formations with the parallel rib formations in one sheet layer being angulated to the rib formations formed in the other layer to generate interference fringe patterns which are viewable through said sheet material which fringe patterns vary in shape and positions as said material is flexed.

5. A composite display sheet material in accordance with claim 3 wherein said lenticular formations in said first and second sheet layers are closely spaced short protrusions each defining a respective light diffracting lens and the protrusions of one layer are offset a degree from the protrusions of the other layer a degree to generate an interference fringe pattern effect which will vary in shape as the sheet material is flexed.

6. A composite display sheet material in accordance with claim 1 wherein said light diffracting means comprises lenticular formations in both said sheets formed in the abutting surfaces of said sheets.

7. A composite display sheet material in accordance with claim 1 wherein said light diffracting means comprises rib-like lenticular formations in the outer surface of one of said sheet layers and printed matter on the inside surface of the other of said sheet layers cooperating with said lenticular formations to provide a changing optical effect along abutting portions of the first and second sheet layers.

8. A composite display sheet material in accordance with claim 1 wherein said light diffracting means comprises spaced apart printed formations disposed on both said sheet layers and separated from each other by the thickness of at least one of said sheet layers.

and second sheet layers are configured and separated from each other so as to permit relative lateral movement of the unjoined portions of the two layers as the sheet material is flexed to create changing optical effects.

* w a a:

Claims

1. A composite flexible display sheet material made of a plurality of thin light transmitting flexible plastic sheets comprising: first and second sheets defining different strata of said sheet material, means for joining said first and second sheets facewise together along a plurality of space-separated portions of said first and second sheets with juxtapositioned portions of said sheets between the joined portions of said sheets being unjoined and capable of some degree of relative shifting movement with respect to each other when the composite sheet material is deformed out of flatness, each of said first and second sheets containing respective light diffracting means which cooperates with the light diffracting means of the other sheet in generating optical fringe pattern effects to an observer looking through said composite sheet material, and operable whereby, when the sheet material is flexed, said observed fringe pattern effects will appear to the observer to change in shape and to move a degree other than the degree of movement of the display sheet material during the flexure thereof.

9. A composite display sheet material in accordance with claim 1 wherein the voids between said space-separated portion of said first and second layers of sheet material are gas pressurized.

10. A composite display sheet material in accordance with claim 1 wherein the joined portions of said first and second sheet layers are configured and separated from each other so as to permit relative lateral movement of the unjoined portions of the two layers as the sheet material is flexed to create changing optical effects.