US3607131A

US3607131A - Catalytic air purifier

Info

Publication number: US3607131A
Application number: US796694A
Authority: US
Inventors: Frederick W Williams; John E Johnson
Original assignee: US Department of Navy
Current assignee: US Department of Navy
Priority date: 1969-02-05
Filing date: 1969-02-05
Publication date: 1971-09-21
Anticipated expiration: 1988-09-21

Abstract

A catalytic air purifier which makes use of a heater positioned along the axis of the device coaxially arranged within surrounding chambers through which the gaseous medium passes. The surrounding chambers are assembled without any screw-threaded joints which prevents galling due to the heat and contact with the gaseous medium or the surrounding atmosphere.

Description

United States Patent 1 1 3,607,131 1 Inventors Frederick W-Williems 1,832,972 11 1931 Ernst 23/289 x O n 1,925,784 9 1933 Williams 1 260/670 John E. J hnson, n fl d 1,960,886 5/1934 Woodhouse... 23/288.8 X 1 1 pp 796,694 2,013,652 9/1935 11' 23/288.8 X 1 1 Flled 1969 2,320,149 5/1943 Lohausen.. 23/288.9 x 1 1 Patented p 1971 2,396,190 3/1946 Morgan 23/4 1 Assignee The United StetesefAmeriee s 1 2,861,873 11/1958 Worn 23/288.91 x represented by the Secreta y oithe Navy 2,887,365 5/1959 De Rycker 23/289 X 2,897,063 7/1959 Breier 23/284 3,194,215 7/1965 Barnes ....23/288.3 FUX [54] CATALYTIC AIR PURIFIER 3,366,461 1/1968 Chnstensen 23/289 2 Claims, 2 Drawing Figs. Primary Examiner-Morris O. Wolk Assistant ExaminerD. G. Millman [52] US. Cl J 4 y T H i -l Crane L. Branning [51] lnt.CI B01j9/04 [50] Field 01 Search 23/288.3 F,

' 288-41288-8,2889128891,288921289384, ABSTRACT: A catalytic air purifier which makes use of a 30 heater positioned along the axis of the device coaxially arran ed within surroundin chambers throu h which the ase- [56] References Cited ous medium passes. The sirrounding cham ers are assem bled UNITED STATES PATENTS without any screw-threaded joints which prevents galling due 1,746,209 2/1930 Alexander 219/74 to the heat and contact with the gaseous medium or the sur- S tengel 26Q/4 49 5 v rounding atmosphere.

PATENTED SEPZI I97! SHEEI 1 BF 2 INVENTORS W. W/L L IA MS JOHNSON 4 nnmmn WW 7; m

FIG. I

FEEDER/Ck JOHN E. BY%/ ""v- K W ATTORNEY PATENTEUSEPZI I 1 3.6071131 SHEET 2 OF 2 FIG. 2

INVENTORS FREDERICK H! WILLIAMS JOHN E. JOHNSON BY zroewr ATTORNEY CATALYTIC AIR PURIFIER The invention described herein may be manufactured and used by or for the Government of the United States of America for governmental purposes without the payment of any royalties thereon or therefor.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Heretofore catalytic air purifiers have made use of semicylindrical heaters which partially surrounded the catalyst bed. These'heaters require high voltages due to their low heating efficiency. Such heaters also result in insulation problems. Further, the prior art air purifiers make use of threaded joints which corrode resulting in damage and leaks These prior art devices also make use of solid transite retainers extending to the walls ofthe container which make good heat conductors thereby conducting a great deal of the heat away from the catalyst. This is another reason that large heat-producing elements are used. Also by placing the heater on the outer surface of the air purifier, the preheater coils are closer to the heater than the reactor zone of the air purifier. Thus, the preheater is exposed to a greater temperature than the reactor tube. Since the heater is on the outside of prior art devices, this results in insulation problems which results in the outside case of the purifier becoming to hot.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION This invention is directed to a catalytic air purification device in which the heater is arranged coaxially with the body of the purifier. The gaseous medium is injected into an outer chamber within which the gaseous medium is preheated. The gaseous medium then traverses the housing in a reverse axial direction with a separate chamber which is adjacent to the axially aligned heater and which contains the catalyst pellets. The heat passing outwardly through the main chamber heats the gaseous medium in the preheater column prior to the gaseous medium traversing the filter column. The purified gaseous medium is conveyed from the catalyst through an exhaust opening which is welded to the housing. The housing is provided with a gastight cover which may be removed in order to replace the catalyst pellets.

It is therefore an object of this invention to provide a catalytic air purifier in which the heater provides the most heat to the catalyst bed.

Another object is to provide a device which is made free of any threaded joints.

Yet another object is to provide a catalytic air purifier which may be insulated against heat losses without affecting heating of the catalyst bed.

Other objects and advantages of the invention will hereafter become more fully apparent from the following description and drawings.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. I is partial cross-sectional view of the device. FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view normal to the axis looking toward the bottom.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Now referring to the drawings, there is shown by illustration in FIG. 1 a partial cross-sectional view of the device. The device comprises a plurality of cylindrical elements 11, l2, l3 and 14 of different diameters and coaxially arranged to form separate coaxial chambers through which a gaseous medium flows and which form a catalyst bed 15. The cylinder 11 is provided with a plate 16 which is welded or otherwise secured to the upper end thereof to close off the upper end of the cylinder. The cylinder II forms a cavity within which an electrical cartridge heater I7 is placed through the bottom of the device. The heater is provided with electrical conductors 18 which supply current from a suitable voltage source, not shown, for simplification of the drawing. The heater is held in place by use of a plate 21 which is secured to the heater and to the bottom transite plate 22 of the device upon which the purifier elements rest. The bottom plate is provided with a central aperture 23 through which the heater is inserted into the chamber.

Cylindrical elements

11 and 13 have a cylindrical plate 24 welded therebetween at the bottom thereof to close off the space between the two cylinders, and cylinder 12 is welded within the area bounded by cylinders 11 and I3. Cylindrical element 12 is of less diameter than that of cylinder 13 but is of a greater diameter than the cylinder 11, therefore, two Separate

coaxial chambers

25 and 26 are formed by the cylin' ders. Cylindrical element 12 is provided with a plurality of apertures 27 therethrough near the bottom thereof to permit a gaseous flow therethrough between

chambers

25 and 26. A screen 28 is welded in place within the chamber 26 formed by cylinders 11 and 12 to form a space near the bottom of the chamber 26. A cylindrical plate 31 is welded to the top of cylinders 12 and 13 to close off the chamber 25 at the top between cylinders 12 and 13, the bottom being closed off by cylindrical plate 24. The cylindrical plate 31 also serves to secure a top plate 32 thereto by threaded bolts 33. An O-ring seal 34 of any suitable type is placed between the cylindrical plate 31 and the top plate 32 to prevent leakage of any gaseous medium. The top plate 32 has a central aperture 35 therein to which an exhaust pipe or tube 36 is secured to permit the gaseous medium to flow from the device. An inlet tube 38 is inserted through an aperture 37 in plates 31 and 32 and welded to plate 31 for admitting a gaseous medium into chamber 25.

The three

cylinders

11, 12 and 13 form walls for the

chambers

25 and 26 wherein chamber 25 serves as the preheater column and chamber 26 serves as the catalyst bedcolumn or reactor section. Since the cylindrical plate 31 is welded to the cylinders 12 and 13 at their upper ends and since the cylindrical plate 24 is welded to

cylinders

11 and 13 at the bottom thereof, the three cylinders along with plate 16 and cylindrical plates 24 and 31 form an integral unit with two separate chambers. The outer wall of cylinder 11 and the inner wall of cylinder 12 forms chamber 26 within which the catalyst bed is placed and the outer wall of cylinder 12 and the inner wall of cylinder 13 forms the preheated chamber 25.

The cylinder 14 is fitted near the top on the outside thereof to a square transite plate 41 such that the cylinder 14 extends slightly above the plate. The plate is provided with threaded apertures 42 normal to the axis of the device which receive therein standoff bolts to secure the plate in place. The standoff bolts secure the plate in an insulated housing (not shown) such that the plate does not touch anything other than the standoff bolts, therefore, the only heat transfer from the transite plate 41 is through the four standoff bolts. The bottom of the cylinder 14 is fitted to the bottom transite plate 22 such that the lower end of the cylinder extends downwardly into circular slot 43 within the bottom plate for support purposes. The lower plate 22 is also cut away in the area bounded by the circular slot to receive therein the bottom portion of the integral unit formed by the preheater chamber and the catalyst bed chamber. The plate 31 which closes off the preheater chamber 25 at the top thereof is provided with a circular slot or groove 44 therein to receive therein the protruding end of the cylinder 14 when the integral unit section is placed into the cylinder 14. Thus, the cylinder 14 and the

end plates

22 and 41 forms a housing for the preheater-reactor unit.

The unit is constructed such that the preheater and catalyst bed compartment unit may be removed from the device for facilitating changing of the catalyst bed. Since the preheater section and the catalyst bed (reactor section) are formed by cylinders welded to end plates, there are no threaded joints which may be attacked by the gaseous medium.

The gaseous medium enters into the preheater section through an inlet tube 38 which passes through the top plate 31 and extends into the preheater chamber. The end of the inlet tube that extends into the preheater chamber conforms to the curvature of the cylinders and is at a 60 angle relative to the top plate for the purpose of causing turbulent flow in the preheater chamber. This turbulent flow increases the preheating efficiency. 7

As set forth above, the cylinder 11 surrounds the cartridge heater 17 which is retained in place by the bottom plate 22. The catalyst bed (reactor) is adjacent to the heater so that all heat is directed to the catalyst bed. The preheater chamber surrounds the reactor chamber and since the heat passes radially through the catalyst bed prior to reaching the preheater section the catalyst bed will be maintained at a higher temperature than that of the preheater. The preheater-reactor section is inserted into the outer cylinder 14. Since the cylinder 14 encircles the cylinder 13 and the cylinder 13 is welded to plates at each end, there is a dead airspace between cylinders 13 and 14 which insulates the preheater section against heat loss. Therefore, very little heat passes through cylinder 13 to cylinder 14. The entire apparatus is housed within an insulated housing to which the transite plate 41 is secured by standoff bolts. The housing is not shown for simplification of the drawing.

A thermocouple element 47 extends through an aperture in plates 31 and 32 into the catalytic bed and is welded to plate 31 in order to determine the temperature of the catalytic bed.

In operation of the catalytic air purifier, the device is assembled as set forth above and the heater is secured in place. The catalyst bed material is placed into the reactor section and the preheater-reactor unit is placed into the housing formed by the lower and

upper transite plates

22 and 41, and the cylinder 14 which is in turn housed in an insulated case. The heater is activated and the catalyst bed is permitted to reach the desired temperature. Once the proper temperature has been maintained, the gaseous medium is directed through the inlet into the preheater chamber. On passing through the preheater chamber 25, the gaseous medium is preheated prior to passing through the apertures 27 near the bottom of cylinder 12 into the reactor chamber. The gaseous medium passes through the catalyst bed where the contaminates or undesired elements are removed and then the purified gaseous medium is ex hausted through the outlet 36.

As an example of operational use, the catalytic air purifier has been used to make compressed air available for use as a gas chromatographic carrier gas and oxidizer in a flame detector by catalytic air purification. Cylinders forming the preheater-reactor chambers were made of stainless steel and with the following dimensions:

Cylinder 14 (2%-inches OD X 6 11/16 in length); Cylinder l3 (2%-inches 1D X 6% in length); Cylinder 12 (1 /8- inches 1D X 6 7/16 in length); Cylinder 11 (%ID X 6 in length). The apertures near the bottom of cylinder 12 are onesixteenth inch drilled at 90 angles. The catalyst bed was formed of one-sixteenth inch; catalyst pellets (Engleharts 0.5 percent palladium on Alumina). The inlet and outlet tubes are formed of one-eighth inch, No. 316 stainless steel tubing.

In using the above-dimensioned catalyst air purifier, the compressed air having a pressure of from 50-100 p.s.i.g. and a flow of 500 cc./min. is introduced through inlet 38 into the preheat chamber. The compressed air is heated, and is forced through the apertures 27 near the bottom of chamber 25 into the reactor chamber. The compressed air then passes through the catalytic bed where the undesired gases such as methane, Freon-l2, and Freon-1 14 are removed. With a gas flow of 360 cc./min. and a catalytic bed charge of 104 grams maintained at a temperature of 325 C., the air purifier has demonstrated the capability of completely removing 200 p.p.m. of methane,

200 p.p.m. of Freon-l2, and 200 p.p.m. Freon-114 over along period of the time such as for atleast 300 hours. Once the catalystic bed has become contaminated, the preheater-reactor unit maybe removed from the system and the catalytic charge may be replaced with a new charge and then placed back into the system.

The above example has been set forth for a specific purpose usin a specific catalytic bed and a specific dimensioned urifier evice. It IS ObVlOUS that larger or smaller catalytic eds may be used for different gaseous media, for different purposes; however, the arrangement of the various elements should be arranged as shown to provide a catalytic air purifier made in accordance with the teaching of this invention.

Obviously many modifications and variations of the present invention are possible in the light of the above teachings. It is therefore to be understood that the invention may be practiced otherwise than as specifically described.

What is claimed and desired to be secured by Letters Patent of the United States is: a

1. A catalytic air purifier; which comprises,

a housing includinga cylinder,

a unitary preheater section and a catalyst bed section secured within said housing for removal therefrom as a unit, 7 V 7 said unitary preheater section and catalyst bed section formed by first, second, and third coaxially aligned cylindrical cylinders, with the first cylinder innermost and the third cylinder outermost, said catalyst bed section formed by the space between the first cylinder and the second an end plate secured to the bottom of said cylinders enclos- .ing the area included between said cylinders at the bot. tom end with the area included between said first and second cylinders open at the top end, said first cylinder open at its bottom end and closed at its top end, said third cylinder spaced from said housing with the spacing therebetween closed off at each end to form a dead air space between said housing and said third cylinder,

a removable cover rigidly secured to the upper end of said second and third cylinders to close. the passage at the upper end between said second and third cylinders, and means for securing said cover to said housing,

said second cylinder including a plurality of spaced apertures near the bottom thereof which form air passages between said preheater section and said catalyst bed section, 7

an outlet in said removable cover communicating with the space encompassed by the upper end of said second cylinder and above the catalyst bed section,

an inlet tube extending through said cover into said preheater section, and

a heater,

said heater extending into said first cylinder from the bottom thereof coaxial with said unitary preheater section and said catalyst section,

whereby a catalyst placed into said catalyst section will purify air that passes down through said preheater section and up through the catalyst section.

2. A catalytic air purifier as claimed in claim 1; in which,

the inner end of said inlet tube extending into said preheater section conforms to the curvature of said preheater section and is at an angle of about 60 relative to the top through which the inlet extends.

Claims

2. A catalytic air purifier as claimed in claim 1; in which, the inner end of said inlet tube extending into said preheater section conforms to the curvature of said preheater section and is at an angle of about 60* relative to the top through which the inlet extends.