US3425402A - Installation for regulating an internal combustion engine operating according to a recirculating method,especially underwater crafts - Google Patents

Installation for regulating an internal combustion engine operating according to a recirculating method,especially underwater crafts Download PDF

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US3425402A
US3425402A US570473A US3425402DA US3425402A US 3425402 A US3425402 A US 3425402A US 570473 A US570473 A US 570473A US 3425402D A US3425402D A US 3425402DA US 3425402 A US3425402 A US 3425402A
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internal combustion
pressure
combustion engine
throttle valve
control
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Josef Reisacher
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Daimler Benz AG
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D21/00—Controlling engines characterised by their being supplied with non-airborne oxygen or other non-fuel gas
    • F02D21/02—Controlling engines characterised by their being supplied with non-airborne oxygen or other non-fuel gas peculiar to oxygen-fed engines
    • F02D21/04—Controlling engines characterised by their being supplied with non-airborne oxygen or other non-fuel gas peculiar to oxygen-fed engines with circulation of exhaust gases in closed or semi-closed circuits
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63G—OFFENSIVE OR DEFENSIVE ARRANGEMENTS ON VESSELS; MINE-LAYING; MINE-SWEEPING; SUBMARINES; AIRCRAFT CARRIERS
    • B63G8/00—Underwater vessels, e.g. submarines; Equipment specially adapted therefor
    • B63G8/08—Propulsion
    • B63G8/12—Propulsion using internal-combustion engines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L13/00—Modifications of valve-gear to facilitate reversing, braking, starting, changing compression ratio, or other specific operations
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D1/00—Controlling fuel-injection pumps, e.g. of high pressure injection type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D9/00—Controlling engines by throttling air or fuel-and-air induction conduits or exhaust conduits
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D9/00—Controlling engines by throttling air or fuel-and-air induction conduits or exhaust conduits
    • F02D9/04—Controlling engines by throttling air or fuel-and-air induction conduits or exhaust conduits concerning exhaust conduits
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D2700/00—Mechanical control of speed or power of a single cylinder piston engine
    • F02D2700/02—Controlling by changing the air or fuel supply
    • F02D2700/0269—Controlling by changing the air or fuel supply for air compressing engines with compression ignition
    • F02D2700/0282—Control of fuel supply
    • F02D2700/0284—Control of fuel supply by acting on the fuel pump control element
    • F02D2700/0287—Control of fuel supply by acting on the fuel pump control element depending on several parameters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D2700/00—Mechanical control of speed or power of a single cylinder piston engine
    • F02D2700/02—Controlling by changing the air or fuel supply
    • F02D2700/0269—Controlling by changing the air or fuel supply for air compressing engines with compression ignition
    • F02D2700/0282—Control of fuel supply
    • F02D2700/0284—Control of fuel supply by acting on the fuel pump control element
    • F02D2700/0289—Control of fuel supply by acting on the fuel pump control element depending on the pressure of a gaseous or liquid medium
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D2700/00—Mechanical control of speed or power of a single cylinder piston engine
    • F02D2700/04—Controlling by throttling the exhaust conduit
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D2700/00—Mechanical control of speed or power of a single cylinder piston engine
    • F02D2700/09—Other ways of controlling

Definitions

  • the oxygen supply and the fuel supply are each controlled by separate correcting means dependent upon the prevailing position of the throttle valve.
  • the oxygen valve correcting means is dependent upon the pressure and temperature of the oxygen ahead of the control valve and on the pressure and temperature of the sucked-in gases at the throttle valve.
  • the fuel supply control correcting means is dependent upon the pressure and temperature of the oxygen upstream of the oxygen control valve.
  • the control of the internal combustion engine takes place in such a manner that the pressure of the gas which the internal combustion engine draws in, is controlled or regulated by the compressor. If the compressor removes more gas out of the interior space than is newly produced by the oxygen and fuel supply, then the pressure decreases and the engine draws-in less fresh gas. The output of the engine drops.
  • the oxygen supply is so regulated in this prior art construction that the fresh gas includes a predetermined percentage of oxygen.
  • the fuel supply operates always with a fuel excess. In order to stabilize this regulation, it is necessary to install a non-changeable or non-adjustable throttling place into the suction line of the internal combustion engine.
  • the compressor has to produce at idling speeds very high pressure conditions.
  • the gas has to be supplied from about 0.7 atmosphere to about 12 atmospheres.
  • the compressor has a poor charge efiiciency so that-in order to compensate for the same with certainty-the compressor has to be constructed very large.
  • the present invention is concerned with the aim to avoid the aforementioned disadvantages, i.e., the internal combustion engine is to be thermally relieved at full load and the compressor is to be constructed smaller.
  • the underlying problems are solved according to the present invention in that a movable throttle valve is arranged in the intake conduit or line of the internal combustion engine in a manner, known per se, and that at least the control members for the fuel supply and the oxygen supply are adjustable by way of connecting means and correcting members in dependence on the prevailing position of this throttle valve. It is thereby contemplated to keep the throttle valve-also as usualin its open position during full load and in its closed position during idling operation.
  • the open throttle valve has practically no resistance during full load so that the gas pressure in the interior space does not have to lie above the suction pressure.
  • an improved scavenging of the internal combustion engine can be achieved so that the latter does not become excessively hot and additionally exhibits a better efiiciency.
  • the throttle valve has a higher resistance, i.e., the interior pressure is then larger than the suction pressure so that a good scavenging and good filling cannot be achieved.
  • this plays no significant role by reason of the small thermal loading which is anyhow relatively small under those operating conditions.
  • the interior pressure need not be lowered during idling, i.e., the compressor only has to bridge a considerably smaller pressure difference during idling operation. This has as a consequence that the operating and supply or charge etficiencies thereof are improved, i.e., the compressor can be constructed smaller over-all.
  • the present invention contemplates also to adjust the throttle valve itself from the outside by electrical pulses by means of a conventional servo-shifting or power-adjusting member. Of course, it is also within the scope of the present invention to mechanically actuate the throttle valve.
  • a control valve is arranged in the oxygen supply line to which is coordinated or with which is operatively associated a correcting member in such a manner that the regulating path of this valve is controllable by conventional means in dependence on the pressure and temperature of the oxygen ahead of the valve, on the pressure and temperature of the sucked-in gas upstream of the throttle valve as well as on the pressure difference at this throttle valve.
  • the mathematical interrelationship of this regulation may be represented approximately by the following equation with an over-critical pressure condition at the regulating valve:
  • the fuel supply is adapted to be regulatable or controllable by conventional means to which is coordinated a correcting member in such a manner that the regulating adjustment is controllable in dependence on the regulating path of the oxygen valve as well as on the pressure and temperature of the oxygen in front of the valve.
  • the mathematic interrelationship may be represented as follows:
  • the supply quantity of the compressor is controllable in dependence on the pressure difference at the throttle valve within the suction line of the internal combustion engine or in dependence on the angular position of this throttle valve.
  • a throttle valve is then appropriately arranged for the regulation of the compressor itself in its suction pipe or intake conduit.
  • the present invention may be further refined in that the maximum pressure in the circulation system is adapted to be controllable or adjustable by a pressure sender or indicator of any conventional construction which, upon exceeding this maximum pressure, opens the throttle valve of the compressor and possibly additionally also acts on the throttle valve of the internal combustion engine. It is additionally of advantage if the interior space accommodating the internal combustion engine is itself included in the circulatory system and the exhaust gases are discharged into the same by way of a cooler or condenser and are sucked-in again out of this interior space by the internal combustion engine and the compressor.
  • Another object of the present invention resides in a control installation for an internal combustion engine of the type described above which assures a high degree of filling under normal operating conditions, low starting temperatures for the combustion as Well as low combustion temperatures under full load.
  • a further object of the present invention resides in a control system for regulating an internal combustion engine operating according to a recirculation method which minimizes knocking sensitivity thereof.
  • Still another object of the present invention resides in a control system for internal combustion engines of the type described above in which the compressor can operate with high efficiencies while at the same time permitting small dimensions in its construction.
  • Another object of the present invention resides in a control system for regulating internal combustion engines operating according to the recirculating method in which thermal overloads are avoided with certainty under full load operation.
  • a further object of the present invention resides in a control system for internal combustion engines of the type described in which improved scavenging of the internal combustion engine can be achieved.
  • the single figure is a schematic diagrammatic view of a propulsion installation for a torpedo in accordance with the present invention.
  • reference numeral 10 designates therein the external pressure body of the torpedo within which an interior space 13 is closed off in a pressure-tight manner by means of the transverse bulkheads 11 and 12.
  • the interior space 13 contains the entire engine installation and control system.
  • the internal combustion engine 14 drives, by means of its shaft 15 the compressor 16, and, of course, also the propellers of the torpedo (not shown).
  • a throttle valve 18 is arranged in the inlet pipe or conduit 17 of the internal combustion engine 14.
  • the throttle valve 18 is arranged and is to be actuated in substantially the same manner as with a normal internal combustion engine. In the instant case, its actuation may take place, for example, electrically by electrical pulses transmitted either by wire or wireless or mechanically by way of a cable which connects the torpedo with its carrier, for example, a submarine.
  • a mixing chamber 19 is provided in the inlet conduit 17 within which the sucked-in exhaust gases are mixed with fresh oxygen.
  • the fresh oxygen is stored under high pressure in a tank 20.
  • the oxygen is supplied by way of a pressure-reducing valve 21 of conventional construction as well as by way of a control valve 22 again of conventional construction to the mixing chamber 19.
  • the control valve 22 is adapted to be controlled in the manner described above from the throttle valve 18 and the aforementioned correcting members by any conventional means, as known in the art.
  • An injection pump 23 is coupled to the internal combustion engine 14 which supplies the fuel by way of the connecting lines 24 to the injection nozzles 25.
  • the injection pump 23 is provided with a rotational speed regulator or governor 26 of any conventional construction which limits the maximum rotational speed in the upward direction and the idling speed in the downward direction and which may serve additionally for maintaining possibly a desired predetermined intermediate rotational speed.
  • the rotational speed regulator 26 acts on the throttle valve 18 in a conventional manner.
  • the injection pump 23 is controlled from the throttle valve 18 and from the aforementioned correcting members according to the considerations indicated above, however, always in such a manner that a fuel excess is present.
  • the exhaust gases of the internal combustion engine 14 are supplied by way of the exhaust pipes 27 to a cooler or condenser 28 and are cooled back therein to a temperature of about 60 to 120 C.
  • the exhaust gases leave from the cooler 28 into the interior space 13 and are again sucked-in by the internal combustion engine out of the interior space 13 by way of the throttle valve 18.
  • the excess exhaust gases are sucked-in by the compressor 16 by way of its inlet conduit or pipe section 39-in which a further throttle valve 38 is provided for its regulation-and are pumped into the outside through the line 31 by way of a check valve 32 of conventional construction.
  • a bilge pump 33 may additionally be provided for the elimination of condensation water or the like.
  • the throttle valve 18 in the inlet connection 17 of the internal combustion engine 14 is open at full load. It offers practically no resistance in this position so that the internal pressure within the interior space 13 is equal to the suction pressure, which may lie, for example, corresponding to the desired charge at 2.7 atmospheres (absolute excess pressure). Since the exhaust counterpressure also corresponds essentially to the interior pressure, a good scavenging of the internal combustion engine is possible. In this manner, the internal combustion engine is relieved thermally.
  • the throttle valve 18 offers a very high resistance during idling. It is therefore possible to start with the same interior pressure in order to obtain the considerably smaller suction pressure of the internal combustion engine during idling. In this manner, the compressor may start practically with a substantially constant interior pressure, for example, of 2.7 atmospheres at the greatest depth of water, or from the pressure naturally adjusting itself depending on the compressor size and the water depth. Consequently, the compressor may be dimensioned smaller.
  • control and regulating system uses conventional components to achieve the desired regulation as described above, a brief rescription thereof will follow hereinafter by reference to the schematic showing in the drawing.
  • Reference numeral 30 designates a conventional servo motor which actuates the throttle valve 18 in response to receipt of electrical pulses supplied externally.
  • a conventional servo motor which actuates the throttle valve 18 in response to receipt of electrical pulses supplied externally.
  • a correcting device generally designated by reference numeral 40 is coordinated to the control valve 22 for the oxygen supply.
  • Conventional temperature and pressure sensing devices are thereby arranged to determine the pressure and tempera ture of the sucked-in gases and of the oxygen, for example by being arranged in the inlet conduit 17 upstream of the throttle valve 18 and in the pipe system upstream of the control valve 22.
  • the pressure in the inlet connection 17 thus sensed is transmitted to the correcting device 40 by means indicated schematically by reference numeral 41 while the temperature of the sucked-in gases in the inlet connection 17 is transmitted to the correcting device 40 by means schematically indicated by reference numeral 42.
  • the pressure of the oxygen upstream of the control valve 22 is transmitted to the correcting device 40 by means schematically indicated by reference numeral 43 and the temperature thereof by means schematic-ally indicated by reference numeral 44.
  • the pressure of the sucked-in gas downstream of the throttle valve is also sensed by a conventional pressure-sensing means located downstream of the throttle valve 18 and is transmitted to the correcting device 40 by means schematically indicated by reference numeral 45.
  • the adjustment of the control valve 22 from the correcting device 40 is realized by a suitable mechanical, hydraulic, pneumatic or electrical connection schematically indicated by reference numeral 46.
  • a further correcting device generally designated by reference numeral 50 is operatively associated with the injection pump 23 by way of a control linkage schematically indicated by reference numeral 51 which may agai be mechanical, electrical, hydraulic or pneumatic in nature.
  • reference numeral 51 which may agai be mechanical, electrical, hydraulic or pneumatic in nature.
  • As input to the correcting device 50 are fed the position of the control valve 22 by means indicated schematically by reference numeral 52 as well as the pressure and temperature of the oxygen by means schematically indicated by reference numeral 53 and 54.
  • a still further correcting device generally designated by reference numeral 60 is coordinated to the control valve 30 or the compressor 16 by a linkage designated by reference numeral 62, again of mechanical, electrical, hydraulic or pneumatic nature.
  • Fed as input to the correcting device 60 by means schematically indicated by reference numeral 61 is the pressure difference of the gases suckd-in by the internal combustion engine 14 upstream of the throttle valve 18 and downstream thereof. This pressure difference may be obtained by utilizing again conventional sensing devices sensitive to pressure and installing the same at appropriate places in the inlet conduit 17 or by utilizing the pressure difference already obtained Within the correcting device 40.
  • An operative connection schematically indicated by reference numeral 70 operatively connects the speed regulator 26 with the servo-control 30 so as to adjust the speed of the internal combustion engine 14 in accordance with the control signals produced by the regulator 26 to limit the maximum and minimum speeds and possibly also to maintain a predetermined speed. Since the details of such controls are known, per se, in the prior art, a detailed description thereof is dispensed with herein.
  • a pressure indicator and transmitter generally designated by reference numeral 80 which is adjusted to a predetermined maximum permissive pressure, is operatively connected by means schematically indicated at 81 with the correcting device 60 to adjust the latter for opening the throttle valve 30 when this maximum pressure is exceeded.
  • the pressure indicator and transmitter which is also of conventional construction, may also be operatively connected, by means indicated at 82 and shown in dash and dot lines, with the servo-member 30 to influence the throttle valve 18 in a corresponding appropriate manner.
  • the various correcting devices may be of any conventional construction. Since the details of their construction are Well within the skill of any person familiar with such devices, a detailed description thereof is dispensed with herein.
  • An installation for regulating an internal combustion engine operating according to the recirculating method comprising means forming an interior space, internal combustion engine means within said interior space and including intake conduit means provided with adjustable throttle valve means, fuel supply and oxygen supply means for said internal combustion engine means, control means for said fuel supply means and control means for said oxygen supply means, and connecting means including correcting means for operating each of said control means in dependence on the prevailing position of said throttle valve means.
  • An installation for regulating an internal combustion engine operating according to the recirculating method comprising means forming an interior space, internal combustion engine means within said interior space and including intake conduit means provided with adjustable throttle valve means, fuel supply and oxygen supply means for said internal combustion engine means, control means for said fuel supply means and control for said oxygen supply means, and connecting means including correcting means for operating said control means in dependence on the prevailing position of said throttle valve means, means for adjusting said throttle valve means externally by electric pulses, said internal combustion engine means propelling an underwater craft, said oxygen supply means includes an oxygen supply line provided with control valve means, the correcting means being so coordinated to said last-mentioned control valve means that the control path of said control valve means is controllable in dependence on the pressure and temperature of the oxygen ahead of the control valve means, on the pressure and temperature of the sucked-in gases ahead of the adjustable throttle valve means as well as on the pressure difference at said throttle valve means.
  • control means adjust the fuel supply means, the correcting means being so coordinated to the control means for the fuel supply means that the control position of the fuel supply control means is controllable in dependence on the control path of the control valve means for the oxygen supply as well as on the pressure and temperature of the oxygen upstream of the control valve means thereof.
  • said further control means includes further throttle valve means in the inlet connection of said compressor means.
  • regulating means for regulating the maximum pressure in the circulation system including pressure-indicating and transmitting means adjustable to a predetermined maximum pressure, and means operatively connecting said pressure-indicator and transmitter means with said further throttle valve means of the compressor means to open said further throttle valve means upon exceeding the maximum pressure and with said firstmentioned throttle valve means for adjusting also the latter.
  • An installation for regulating an internal combustion engine operating according to the recirculating method comprising means forming an interior space, internal combustion engine means within said interior space and including intake conduit means provided with adjustable throttle valve means, fuel supply and oxygen supply means for said internal combustion engine means, control means for said fuel supply means and control means for said oxygen supply means, and connecting means including correcting means for operating said control means in dependence on the prevailing position of said throttle valve means, said oxygen supply means includes an oxygen supply line provided with control valve means, the correcting means being so coordinated to said last-mentioned control valve means that the control path of said control valve means is controllable in dependence on the pressure and temperature of the oxygen ahead of the control valve means, on the pressure and temperature of the sucked-in gases ahead of the adjustable throttle valve means as well as on the pressure dilference at said throttle valve means.
  • control means adjust the fuel supply means, the correcting means being so coordinated to the control means for the fuel supply means that the control position of the fuel supply control means is controllable in dependence on the control path of the control valve means for the oxygen supply as well as on the pressure and temperature of the oxygen upstream of the control valve means thereof.
  • said further control means includes further throttle valve means in the inlet connection of said compressor means. connection of said compressor means.
  • regulating means for regulating the maximum pressure in the circulation system including pressure-indicating and transmitting means adjustable to a predetermined maximum pressure, and means operatively connecting said pressure-indicator and transmitter means with said further throttle valve means of the compressor means to open said further throttle valve means upon exceeding the maximum pressure.
  • An installation for regulating an internal combustion engine operating according to the recirculating method comprising means forming an interior space, internal combustion engine means within said interior space and including intake conduit means provided with adjustable throttle valve means, fuel supply and oxygen supply means for said internal combustion engine means, control means for said fuel supply means and control means for said oxygen supply means, and connecting means including correcting means for operating said control means in dependence on the prevailing position of said throttle valve means, said control means adjust the fuel supply means, the correcting means being so coordinated to the control means for the fuel supply means that the control position of the fuel supply control means is controllable in dependence on the control path of the control valve means for the oxygen supply as well as on the pressure and temperature of the oxygen upstream of the control valve means thereof.
  • An installation for regulating an internal combustion engine operating according to the recirculating method comprising means forming an interior space, internal combustion engine means within said interior space and including intake conduit means provided with adjustable throttle valve means, fuel supply and oxygen supply means for said internal combustion engine means, control means for said fuel supply means and control means for said oxygen supply means, and connecting means including correcting means for operating said control means in dependence on the prevailing position of said throttle valve means, compressor means for expelling the excess exhaust gases into the outside, and further control means for controlling the supply quantity of said compressor means in dependence on one of the two magnitudes consisting of the pressure difference at said adjustable throttle valve means and angular position of said adjustable throttle valve means.
  • said further control means includes further throttle valve means in the inlet connection of said compressor means.
  • regulating means for regulating the maximum pressure in the circulation system including pressure-indicating and transmitting means adjustable to a predetermined maximum pressure, and means operatively connecting said pressure-indicator and transmitter means References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,187,074 1/1940 Caproni 1231l9 XR JULIUS E. WEST, Primary Examiner.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
  • Output Control And Ontrol Of Special Type Engine (AREA)
  • Control Of Throttle Valves Provided In The Intake System Or In The Exhaust System (AREA)

Description

United States Patent INSTALLATION FOR REGULATIN G AN INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE OPERATING ACCORD- ING TO A RECIRCULATING METHOD, ESPE- CIALLY UNDERWATER CRAFTS Josef Reisacher, Fellbach, Wurttemberg, Germany, assignor to Daimler-Benz Aktiengesellschaft, Stuttgart- Unterturkheim, Germany Filed Aug. 5, 1966, Ser. No. 570,473
Claims priority, application Germany, Aug. 7, 1965,
US. or. 123-119 19 Claims Int. Cl. F02m 7/00,- B63b 37/00,- F01n 1/14 ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE In a recirculating exhaust internal combustion engine for underwater craft, the oxygen supply and the fuel supply are each controlled by separate correcting means dependent upon the prevailing position of the throttle valve. The oxygen valve correcting means is dependent upon the pressure and temperature of the oxygen ahead of the control valve and on the pressure and temperature of the sucked-in gases at the throttle valve. The fuel supply control correcting means is dependent upon the pressure and temperature of the oxygen upstream of the oxygen control valve.
Backgrownd of the invention The operation of internal combustion engines according to the recirculating method and the application of this method, for example, for the propulsion of underwater crafts, is known in the prior art. The exhaust gases of the engine are thereby cooled back to about 60 to 120 C. Oxygen is admixed to a portion of the exhaust gases and the engine is operated in the customary manner by means of this thus admixed gas. The excess exhaust gases and the condensation water are forced out of the interior space into the exterior space by a compressor and a bilge pump.
With this known prior art installation, the control of the internal combustion engine takes place in such a manner that the pressure of the gas which the internal combustion engine draws in, is controlled or regulated by the compressor. If the compressor removes more gas out of the interior space than is newly produced by the oxygen and fuel supply, then the pressure decreases and the engine draws-in less fresh gas. The output of the engine drops. The oxygen supply is so regulated in this prior art construction that the fresh gas includes a predetermined percentage of oxygen. The fuel supply operates always with a fuel excess. In order to stabilize this regulation, it is necessary to install a non-changeable or non-adjustable throttling place into the suction line of the internal combustion engine. This throttling place offers a relatively small flow resistance at a small load and low rotational speed, however, with large loads and high rotational speeds it otfers a high flow resistance (up to 1 kp./cm. As a result thereof, two considerable disadvantages result for the internal combustion engine:
(1) With full load, the interior pressure which corresponds approximately to the exhaust counterpressure, has to be higher by more than one atmosphere (absolute excess pressure) than the inlet or suction pressure. A
relatively large amount of hot exhaust gases has to remain thereby in the combustion space and a customary scavenging of the compression space b the utilization of gas oscillations in the exhaust and inlet pipes becomes impossible. This results in a poor degree of filling, high starting temperatures for the compression, high combustion temperatures, sensitivity to knocking, etc.
(2) The compressor has to produce at idling speeds very high pressure conditions. Thus, for example, at $5 useful or service load during operation at meters below the water surface, the gas has to be supplied from about 0.7 atmosphere to about 12 atmospheres. While the engine has a good degree of filling at this partial load point, the compressor has a poor charge efiiciency so that-in order to compensate for the same with certainty-the compressor has to be constructed very large.
Summaly 0f the invention The present invention is concerned with the aim to avoid the aforementioned disadvantages, i.e., the internal combustion engine is to be thermally relieved at full load and the compressor is to be constructed smaller. The underlying problems are solved according to the present invention in that a movable throttle valve is arranged in the intake conduit or line of the internal combustion engine in a manner, known per se, and that at least the control members for the fuel supply and the oxygen supply are adjustable by way of connecting means and correcting members in dependence on the prevailing position of this throttle valve. It is thereby contemplated to keep the throttle valve-also as usualin its open position during full load and in its closed position during idling operation.
With the regulation of the type according to the present invention, the open throttle valve has practically no resistance during full load so that the gas pressure in the interior space does not have to lie above the suction pressure. As a result thereof, an improved scavenging of the internal combustion engine can be achieved so that the latter does not become excessively hot and additionally exhibits a better efiiciency. During idling the throttle valve has a higher resistance, i.e., the interior pressure is then larger than the suction pressure so that a good scavenging and good filling cannot be achieved. However, this plays no significant role by reason of the small thermal loading which is anyhow relatively small under those operating conditions. In contradistinction thereto, the interior pressure need not be lowered during idling, i.e., the compressor only has to bridge a considerably smaller pressure difference during idling operation. This has as a consequence that the operating and supply or charge etficiencies thereof are improved, i.e., the compressor can be constructed smaller over-all.
The present invention contemplates also to adjust the throttle valve itself from the outside by electrical pulses by means of a conventional servo-shifting or power-adjusting member. Of course, it is also within the scope of the present invention to mechanically actuate the throttle valve.
In a preferred embodiment according to the present invention, a control valve is arranged in the oxygen supply line to which is coordinated or with which is operatively associated a correcting member in such a manner that the regulating path of this valve is controllable by conventional means in dependence on the pressure and temperature of the oxygen ahead of the valve, on the pressure and temperature of the sucked-in gas upstream of the throttle valve as well as on the pressure difference at this throttle valve. The mathematical interrelationship of this regulation may be represented approximately by the following equation with an over-critical pressure condition at the regulating valve:
pal/T. (1)
Similarly, according to the present invention the fuel supply is adapted to be regulatable or controllable by conventional means to which is coordinated a correcting member in such a manner that the regulating adjustment is controllable in dependence on the regulating path of the oxygen valve as well as on the pressure and temperature of the oxygen in front of the valve. Also in this case, the mathematic interrelationship may be represented as follows:
n f 2 T02 (2) In the foregoing two formulae, the various symbols represent the following variables:
p -Pressure of the oxygen upstream of the control valve;
T Temperature of the oxygen upstream of the control valve;
p pressure of the sucked-in gas ahead of the throttle valve;
To-Temperature of the sucked-in gas ahead of the throttle valve;
Ap -Pressure difference at the throttle valve;
K -Angular position of the throttle valve;
F ,Calibration factor of the throttle valve;
f Regulating path at the oxygen control valve;
S Regulating position at the fuel regulating member;
K Matching factor.
According to a further development of the inventive concept, the supply quantity of the compressor is controllable in dependence on the pressure difference at the throttle valve within the suction line of the internal combustion engine or in dependence on the angular position of this throttle valve. For that purpose a throttle valve is then appropriately arranged for the regulation of the compressor itself in its suction pipe or intake conduit.
Furthermore, the present invention may be further refined in that the maximum pressure in the circulation system is adapted to be controllable or adjustable by a pressure sender or indicator of any conventional construction which, upon exceeding this maximum pressure, opens the throttle valve of the compressor and possibly additionally also acts on the throttle valve of the internal combustion engine. It is additionally of advantage if the interior space accommodating the internal combustion engine is itself included in the circulatory system and the exhaust gases are discharged into the same by way of a cooler or condenser and are sucked-in again out of this interior space by the internal combustion engine and the compressor.
Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide a control system for regulating an internal combustion engine operating according to a recirculation method which eliminates by simple means the aforementioned shortcomings and drawbacks encountered with the prior art constructions.
Another object of the present invention resides in a control installation for an internal combustion engine of the type described above which assures a high degree of filling under normal operating conditions, low starting temperatures for the combustion as Well as low combustion temperatures under full load.
A further object of the present invention resides in a control system for regulating an internal combustion engine operating according to a recirculation method which minimizes knocking sensitivity thereof.
Still another object of the present invention resides in a control system for internal combustion engines of the type described above in which the compressor can operate with high efficiencies while at the same time permitting small dimensions in its construction.
Another object of the present invention resides in a control system for regulating internal combustion engines operating according to the recirculating method in which thermal overloads are avoided with certainty under full load operation.
A further object of the present invention resides in a control system for internal combustion engines of the type described in which improved scavenging of the internal combustion engine can be achieved.
Brief description of the drawing These and further objects, features, and advantages of the present invention will become more obvious from the following description when taken in connection with the accompanying drawing which shows, for purposes of illustration only, one embodiment in accordance with the present invention and wherein:
The single figure is a schematic diagrammatic view of a propulsion installation for a torpedo in accordance with the present invention.
Detailed description of the drawing Referring now to the single figure of the drawing, reference numeral 10 designates therein the external pressure body of the torpedo within which an interior space 13 is closed off in a pressure-tight manner by means of the transverse bulkheads 11 and 12. The interior space 13 contains the entire engine installation and control system. The internal combustion engine 14 drives, by means of its shaft 15 the compressor 16, and, of course, also the propellers of the torpedo (not shown).
A throttle valve 18 is arranged in the inlet pipe or conduit 17 of the internal combustion engine 14. The throttle valve 18 is arranged and is to be actuated in substantially the same manner as with a normal internal combustion engine. In the instant case, its actuation may take place, for example, electrically by electrical pulses transmitted either by wire or wireless or mechanically by way of a cable which connects the torpedo with its carrier, for example, a submarine.
A mixing chamber 19 is provided in the inlet conduit 17 within which the sucked-in exhaust gases are mixed with fresh oxygen. The fresh oxygen is stored under high pressure in a tank 20. The oxygen is supplied by way of a pressure-reducing valve 21 of conventional construction as well as by way of a control valve 22 again of conventional construction to the mixing chamber 19. The control valve 22 is adapted to be controlled in the manner described above from the throttle valve 18 and the aforementioned correcting members by any conventional means, as known in the art.
An injection pump 23 is coupled to the internal combustion engine 14 which supplies the fuel by way of the connecting lines 24 to the injection nozzles 25. The injection pump 23 is provided with a rotational speed regulator or governor 26 of any conventional construction which limits the maximum rotational speed in the upward direction and the idling speed in the downward direction and which may serve additionally for maintaining possibly a desired predetermined intermediate rotational speed. For this purpose the rotational speed regulator 26 acts on the throttle valve 18 in a conventional manner. The injection pump 23 is controlled from the throttle valve 18 and from the aforementioned correcting members according to the considerations indicated above, however, always in such a manner that a fuel excess is present.
The exhaust gases of the internal combustion engine 14 are supplied by way of the exhaust pipes 27 to a cooler or condenser 28 and are cooled back therein to a temperature of about 60 to 120 C. The exhaust gases leave from the cooler 28 into the interior space 13 and are again sucked-in by the internal combustion engine out of the interior space 13 by way of the throttle valve 18. The excess exhaust gases are sucked-in by the compressor 16 by way of its inlet conduit or pipe section 39-in which a further throttle valve 38 is provided for its regulation-and are pumped into the outside through the line 31 by way of a check valve 32 of conventional construction. A bilge pump 33 may additionally be provided for the elimination of condensation water or the like.
The throttle valve 18 in the inlet connection 17 of the internal combustion engine 14 is open at full load. It offers practically no resistance in this position so that the internal pressure within the interior space 13 is equal to the suction pressure, which may lie, for example, corresponding to the desired charge at 2.7 atmospheres (absolute excess pressure). Since the exhaust counterpressure also corresponds essentially to the interior pressure, a good scavenging of the internal combustion engine is possible. In this manner, the internal combustion engine is relieved thermally. In contradistinction thereto, the throttle valve 18 offers a very high resistance during idling. It is therefore possible to start with the same interior pressure in order to obtain the considerably smaller suction pressure of the internal combustion engine during idling. In this manner, the compressor may start practically with a substantially constant interior pressure, for example, of 2.7 atmospheres at the greatest depth of water, or from the pressure naturally adjusting itself depending on the compressor size and the water depth. Consequently, the compressor may be dimensioned smaller.
While the control and regulating system according to the present invention uses conventional components to achieve the desired regulation as described above, a brief rescription thereof will follow hereinafter by reference to the schematic showing in the drawing.
Reference numeral 30 designates a conventional servo motor which actuates the throttle valve 18 in response to receipt of electrical pulses supplied externally. Such a system is well known per se in the art, and therefore its details are not shown and rescribed herein.
A correcting device generally designated by reference numeral 40, also of conventional construction, is coordinated to the control valve 22 for the oxygen supply. Conventional temperature and pressure sensing devices are thereby arranged to determine the pressure and tempera ture of the sucked-in gases and of the oxygen, for example by being arranged in the inlet conduit 17 upstream of the throttle valve 18 and in the pipe system upstream of the control valve 22. The pressure in the inlet connection 17 thus sensed is transmitted to the correcting device 40 by means indicated schematically by reference numeral 41 while the temperature of the sucked-in gases in the inlet connection 17 is transmitted to the correcting device 40 by means schematically indicated by reference numeral 42. The pressure of the oxygen upstream of the control valve 22 is transmitted to the correcting device 40 by means schematically indicated by reference numeral 43 and the temperature thereof by means schematic-ally indicated by reference numeral 44. The pressure of the sucked-in gas downstream of the throttle valve is also sensed by a conventional pressure-sensing means located downstream of the throttle valve 18 and is transmitted to the correcting device 40 by means schematically indicated by reference numeral 45. The adjustment of the control valve 22 from the correcting device 40 is realized by a suitable mechanical, hydraulic, pneumatic or electrical connection schematically indicated by reference numeral 46.
A further correcting device generally designated by reference numeral 50 is operatively associated with the injection pump 23 by way of a control linkage schematically indicated by reference numeral 51 which may agai be mechanical, electrical, hydraulic or pneumatic in nature. As input to the correcting device 50 are fed the position of the control valve 22 by means indicated schematically by reference numeral 52 as well as the pressure and temperature of the oxygen by means schematically indicated by reference numeral 53 and 54.
A still further correcting device generally designated by reference numeral 60 is coordinated to the control valve 30 or the compressor 16 by a linkage designated by reference numeral 62, again of mechanical, electrical, hydraulic or pneumatic nature. Fed as input to the correcting device 60 by means schematically indicated by reference numeral 61 is the pressure difference of the gases suckd-in by the internal combustion engine 14 upstream of the throttle valve 18 and downstream thereof. This pressure difference may be obtained by utilizing again conventional sensing devices sensitive to pressure and installing the same at appropriate places in the inlet conduit 17 or by utilizing the pressure difference already obtained Within the correcting device 40.
An operative connection schematically indicated by reference numeral 70 operatively connects the speed regulator 26 with the servo-control 30 so as to adjust the speed of the internal combustion engine 14 in accordance with the control signals produced by the regulator 26 to limit the maximum and minimum speeds and possibly also to maintain a predetermined speed. Since the details of such controls are known, per se, in the prior art, a detailed description thereof is dispensed with herein.
A pressure indicator and transmitter generally designated by reference numeral 80, which is adjusted to a predetermined maximum permissive pressure, is operatively connected by means schematically indicated at 81 with the correcting device 60 to adjust the latter for opening the throttle valve 30 when this maximum pressure is exceeded. The pressure indicator and transmitter, which is also of conventional construction, may also be operatively connected, by means indicated at 82 and shown in dash and dot lines, with the servo-member 30 to influence the throttle valve 18 in a corresponding appropriate manner.
The various correcting devices may be of any conventional construction. Since the details of their construction are Well within the skill of any person familiar with such devices, a detailed description thereof is dispensed with herein.
While I have shown and described one embodiment in accordance with the present invention, it is understood that the same is not limited thereto but is susceptible of numerous changes and modifications as known to a person skilled in the art, and I therefore do not wish to be limited to the details shown and described herein but intend to cover all such changes and modifications as are encompassed by the scope of the appended claims.
I claim:
1. An installation for regulating an internal combustion engine operating according to the recirculating method, comprising means forming an interior space, internal combustion engine means within said interior space and including intake conduit means provided with adjustable throttle valve means, fuel supply and oxygen supply means for said internal combustion engine means, control means for said fuel supply means and control means for said oxygen supply means, and connecting means including correcting means for operating each of said control means in dependence on the prevailing position of said throttle valve means.
2. An installation according to claim 1, further comprising means for adjusting said throttle valve means externally by electric pulses.
3. An installation according to claim 2, wherein said internal combustion engine means propels an underwater craft.
4. An installation for regulating an internal combustion engine operating according to the recirculating method, comprising means forming an interior space, internal combustion engine means within said interior space and including intake conduit means provided with adjustable throttle valve means, fuel supply and oxygen supply means for said internal combustion engine means, control means for said fuel supply means and control for said oxygen supply means, and connecting means including correcting means for operating said control means in dependence on the prevailing position of said throttle valve means, means for adjusting said throttle valve means externally by electric pulses, said internal combustion engine means propelling an underwater craft, said oxygen supply means includes an oxygen supply line provided with control valve means, the correcting means being so coordinated to said last-mentioned control valve means that the control path of said control valve means is controllable in dependence on the pressure and temperature of the oxygen ahead of the control valve means, on the pressure and temperature of the sucked-in gases ahead of the adjustable throttle valve means as well as on the pressure difference at said throttle valve means.
5. An installation according to claim 4, wherein said control means adjust the fuel supply means, the correcting means being so coordinated to the control means for the fuel supply means that the control position of the fuel supply control means is controllable in dependence on the control path of the control valve means for the oxygen supply as well as on the pressure and temperature of the oxygen upstream of the control valve means thereof.
6. An installation according to claim 5, further comprising compressor means for expelling the excess exhaust gases to the outside, and further control means for controlling the supply quantity of said compressor means in dependence on one of the two magnitudes consisting of the pressure difference at said adjustable throttle valve means and angular position of said adjustable throttle valve means.
7. An installation according to claim 6, wherein said further control means includes further throttle valve means in the inlet connection of said compressor means.
8. An installation according to claim 7, further comprising regulating means for regulating the maximum pressure in the circulation system including pressure-indicating and transmitting means adjustable to a predetermined maximum pressure, and means operatively connecting said pressure-indicator and transmitter means with said further throttle valve means of the compressor means to open said further throttle valve means upon exceeding the maximum pressure and with said firstmentioned throttle valve means for adjusting also the latter.
9. An installation according to claim 8, wherein said interior space is itself included in the circulatory system, the exhaust gases being discharged by said internal combustion engine by way of a cooler into said interior space and are again sucked-in out of the interior space by said internal combustion engine means and by said compressor means.
10. An installation for regulating an internal combustion engine operating according to the recirculating method, comprising means forming an interior space, internal combustion engine means within said interior space and including intake conduit means provided with adjustable throttle valve means, fuel supply and oxygen supply means for said internal combustion engine means, control means for said fuel supply means and control means for said oxygen supply means, and connecting means including correcting means for operating said control means in dependence on the prevailing position of said throttle valve means, said oxygen supply means includes an oxygen supply line provided with control valve means, the correcting means being so coordinated to said last-mentioned control valve means that the control path of said control valve means is controllable in dependence on the pressure and temperature of the oxygen ahead of the control valve means, on the pressure and temperature of the sucked-in gases ahead of the adjustable throttle valve means as well as on the pressure dilference at said throttle valve means.
11. An installation according to claim 10, wherein said control means adjust the fuel supply means, the correcting means being so coordinated to the control means for the fuel supply means that the control position of the fuel supply control means is controllable in dependence on the control path of the control valve means for the oxygen supply as well as on the pressure and temperature of the oxygen upstream of the control valve means thereof.
12. An installation according to claim 11, further comprising compressor means for expelling the excess exhaust gases into the outside, and further control means for controlling the supply quantity of said compressor means in dependence on one of the two magnitudes consisting of the pressure difference at said adjustable throttle valve means and angular position of said adjustable throttle valve means.
13. An installation according to claim 12, wherein said further control means includes further throttle valve means in the inlet connection of said compressor means. connection of said compressor means.
14. An installation according to claim 13, further comprising regulating means for regulating the maximum pressure in the circulation system including pressure-indicating and transmitting means adjustable to a predetermined maximum pressure, and means operatively connecting said pressure-indicator and transmitter means with said further throttle valve means of the compressor means to open said further throttle valve means upon exceeding the maximum pressure.
15. An installation for regulating an internal combustion engine operating according to the recirculating method, comprising means forming an interior space, internal combustion engine means within said interior space and including intake conduit means provided with adjustable throttle valve means, fuel supply and oxygen supply means for said internal combustion engine means, control means for said fuel supply means and control means for said oxygen supply means, and connecting means including correcting means for operating said control means in dependence on the prevailing position of said throttle valve means, said control means adjust the fuel supply means, the correcting means being so coordinated to the control means for the fuel supply means that the control position of the fuel supply control means is controllable in dependence on the control path of the control valve means for the oxygen supply as well as on the pressure and temperature of the oxygen upstream of the control valve means thereof.
16. An installation for regulating an internal combustion engine operating according to the recirculating method, comprising means forming an interior space, internal combustion engine means within said interior space and including intake conduit means provided with adjustable throttle valve means, fuel supply and oxygen supply means for said internal combustion engine means, control means for said fuel supply means and control means for said oxygen supply means, and connecting means including correcting means for operating said control means in dependence on the prevailing position of said throttle valve means, compressor means for expelling the excess exhaust gases into the outside, and further control means for controlling the supply quantity of said compressor means in dependence on one of the two magnitudes consisting of the pressure difference at said adjustable throttle valve means and angular position of said adjustable throttle valve means.
17. An installation according to claim 16, wherein said further control means includes further throttle valve means in the inlet connection of said compressor means.
18. An installation according to claim 16, wherein said interior space is itself included in the circulatory system, the exhaust gases being discharged by said internal combustion engine by way of -a cooler into said interior space and are again sucked-in out of the interior space by said internal combustion engine means and by said compressor means.
19. An installation according to claim 17, further comprising regulating means for regulating the maximum pressure in the circulation system including pressure-indicating and transmitting means adjustable to a predetermined maximum pressure, and means operatively connecting said pressure-indicator and transmitter means References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,187,074 1/1940 Caproni 1231l9 XR JULIUS E. WEST, Primary Examiner.
US. Cl. X.R.
US570473A 1965-08-07 1966-08-05 Installation for regulating an internal combustion engine operating according to a recirculating method,especially underwater crafts Expired - Lifetime US3425402A (en)

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Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3709203A (en) * 1971-07-16 1973-01-09 Thermo Chem Syst Inc Anti-pollution system for internal combustion engines
US3792690A (en) * 1972-03-22 1974-02-19 T Cooper Method and system for open cycle operation of internal combustion engines
US3977365A (en) * 1973-08-06 1976-08-31 Vierling Donald E Method of oxidizing fuels
US4307695A (en) * 1979-11-28 1981-12-29 Michael Vasilantone Rotary engine
US20070261654A1 (en) * 2006-05-11 2007-11-15 Ford Global Technologies, Llc System and method for reducing pressure in an intake manifold of an internal combustion engine
WO2020193833A1 (en) 2019-03-28 2020-10-01 Universitat Politècnica De València Internal combustion engine and operating method of same

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5312746B2 (en) * 1971-09-02 1978-05-04
JPS517762B2 (en) * 1972-12-18 1976-03-11
JPS507919A (en) * 1973-05-28 1975-01-27
JPS5058103U (en) * 1973-09-27 1975-05-30
JPS5157306A (en) * 1974-11-13 1976-05-19 Hitachi Shipbuilding Eng Co RISAIKURUENJINNIOKERU HOSHUTSUGASURYURYOSEIGYOHOHO
DE3863607D1 (en) * 1987-08-06 1991-08-14 Mtu Muenchen Gmbh ENERGY SUPPLY SYSTEM.

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US2187074A (en) * 1937-04-12 1940-01-16 Caproni Gianni Submarine boat

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2187074A (en) * 1937-04-12 1940-01-16 Caproni Gianni Submarine boat

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3709203A (en) * 1971-07-16 1973-01-09 Thermo Chem Syst Inc Anti-pollution system for internal combustion engines
US3792690A (en) * 1972-03-22 1974-02-19 T Cooper Method and system for open cycle operation of internal combustion engines
US3977365A (en) * 1973-08-06 1976-08-31 Vierling Donald E Method of oxidizing fuels
US4307695A (en) * 1979-11-28 1981-12-29 Michael Vasilantone Rotary engine
US20070261654A1 (en) * 2006-05-11 2007-11-15 Ford Global Technologies, Llc System and method for reducing pressure in an intake manifold of an internal combustion engine
WO2020193833A1 (en) 2019-03-28 2020-10-01 Universitat Politècnica De València Internal combustion engine and operating method of same

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GB1125509A (en) 1968-08-28

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