US2512433A - Hose pipe and method of making same - Google Patents

Hose pipe and method of making same Download PDF

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Publication number
US2512433A
US2512433A US736397A US73639747A US2512433A US 2512433 A US2512433 A US 2512433A US 736397 A US736397 A US 736397A US 73639747 A US73639747 A US 73639747A US 2512433 A US2512433 A US 2512433A
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United States
Prior art keywords
rubber
group
polyvinyl chloride
esters
filaments
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Expired - Lifetime
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US736397A
Inventor
Leben Leslie
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Imperial Chemical Industries Ltd
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Imperial Chemical Industries Ltd
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29D—PRODUCING PARTICULAR ARTICLES FROM PLASTICS OR FROM SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE
    • B29D23/00—Producing tubular articles
    • B29D23/001—Pipes; Pipe joints
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L11/00—Hoses, i.e. flexible pipes
    • F16L11/04—Hoses, i.e. flexible pipes made of rubber or flexible plastics
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2021/00—Use of unspecified rubbers as moulding material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2105/00—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
    • B29K2105/06—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped containing reinforcements, fillers or inserts

Definitions

  • new and improved hose pipe of high strength and durability may be obtained by a process which comprises braiding or winding yarn, filaments or fabric, composed essentially of highly polymeric linear esters which have been obtained by heating one or more glycols of the series HO(CH2)11OH, where n is greater than 1 but not exceeding 10, with terephthalic acid or an ester-forming derivative thereof, on to a pipe of rubber, synthetic rubber or polyvinyl chloride and then, if desired, coating the exteriorof said pipe with rubber, synthetic rubber or polyvinyl chloride and, if desired, curing or vulcanising the coating formed. Further layers of rubber and braiding or other sheathing may be added if desired.
  • Such hose pipes are resistant to ultra violet light and abrasion and are scarcely influenced by most organic liquids and most acids and acid fumes.
  • highly polymeric linear esters we mean polyesters, filaments or sheets of which are capable of molecular orientation, as shown by characteristic X-ray patterns, by drawing or rolling.
  • ester-forming derivatives of terephthalic acid are its aliphatic (including cycloaliphatic) and aryl esters and half-esters, its acid halides and its ammonium and amine salts.
  • glycols are ethylene, trimethylene, tetramethylene, hexamethylene and decamethylene glycols.
  • polyethylene terephthalate or more technically correct, polymeric ethylene terephthalate is preferred because of the ready availability of the materials from which it is synthesised and because of its high melting point, which is 240 C.
  • Filaments of the said polymeric esters are prepared most easily by any of the methods of melt spinning known to the art, e. g. melting the polymeric ester on a heated grid, passing it through a filter bed composed of fine particles, e. g. sand, to filter the melt, forcing the melt through a spinneret and rapidly cooling the filaments so formed. It is preferred that these filaments are drawn in the solid state in order that they may have high tensile strengths, moduli of elasticity and resistance to water, and low extensibility factors. It is further preferred that the filaments or yarns produced therefrom, for use in the process of this invention should be subjected after drawing to a heat setting treatment at temperatures greater than 60 C. but less than, preferably at least 30 C.
  • filaments and yarns having high tenacity and low elongation, e. g. less than 10% of the drawn length, may be obtained.
  • Such filaments or yarns when fully drawn may be woven or braided into fabrics which as well as being strong do not stretch to any degree when subjected to a stretching force e. g. when the hose pipe is carrying liquid under pressure. Details of the drawing and heat setting treatments are given in our copending U. S. application Serial No. 748,650, filed May 16, 1947.
  • Yarns may be produced from the filaments of this invention by twisting a bundle of continuous filaments together or by spinning staple fibres of the polymeric esters.
  • the staple fibres may be prepared by cutting or breaking continuous filaments of the esters; preferably after crimping them. Yarns produced from continuous filaments are preferred for use in the process of this invention because of their greater tensile strength.
  • Fabrics for use in the process of this invention may be produced from the yarns, hereinbefore described or from continuous filaments by any of the processes known in the art. It is preferred that the yarns or filaments should be braided, using a circular braiding machine, directly onto the rubber tube, but braids or woven ribbons may be wrapped round the tube if desired.
  • the yarns may be wound or braided on to the rubber, synthetic rubber or polyvinyl chloride utilising any apparatus or method known to the art. If desired the threads or fabrics of this invention may be fastened to the rubber by means of an adhesive composition. Suitable compositions include organic polyisocyanate and resorcinol formaldehyde compositions.
  • plasticised polyvinyl chloride does not require vulcanisation, although if applied in the form of finely powdered polyvinyl chloride dispersed in plasticiser, the dispersions require to be cured or gelatinised.
  • hose pipes For most hose pipes a laminated tube made up of alternate layers of fabric or rubber, synthetic rubber or polyvinyl chloride is required. Other fabrics, such as linen may be used in plies, but it is preferred that fabrics or yarns composed of the linear polymeric esters of this invention should be used as the outer case, as by this means hose pipes of increased durability are obtained because of the good resistance of the polymeric esters of this invention to ultraviolet light and to abrasion.
  • the high resistance of the polymeric esters of this invention to acids, organiccompounds and soil bacteria also enables the" hose pipes of this invention to be used without deterioration under a wide range of conditions.
  • heat set filamentous material composed of highly polymeric linear esters which have been obtained by heating at least one glycol of the series HO(CH2) nOH, where n is greater than 1 and not exceeding 10, with a substance of the group consisting of terephthalic acid and ester forming derivatives of terephthalic acid onto a pipe composed of a material of the group consisting of rubber, synthetic rubber and plasticized polyvinyl chloride.
  • polymeric linear ester is polymeric ethylene terephthalate.
  • a hosepipe comprised of drawn, heat, set filamentous material composed of highly polymeric linear esters which have been obtained by heating at least one glycol 01' the series HO(CH2) OH, where n is greater than 1 and not exceeding 10, with a substance of the group con- 4 sisting of terephthalic acid and ester forming derivatives of terephthalic acid, braided or wound onto a pipe composed of a material 01 the group consisting oi rubber, synthetic rubber and plasticized polyvinyl chloride.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Rigid Pipes And Flexible Pipes (AREA)

Description

Patented June 20, 1950 HOSE PIPE AND METHOD OF MAKING SAME Leslie Leben, Welwyn Garden City,
England, as-
signor to Imperial Chemical Industries Limited, a corporation of Great Britain No Drawing. Application March 21, 1947, Serial No. 736,397. In Great Britain March 22, 1946 8 Claims. (Cl. 154-8) This invention relates to improved hose pipes.
According to the present invention new and improved hose pipe of high strength and durability may be obtained by a process which comprises braiding or winding yarn, filaments or fabric, composed essentially of highly polymeric linear esters which have been obtained by heating one or more glycols of the series HO(CH2)11OH, where n is greater than 1 but not exceeding 10, with terephthalic acid or an ester-forming derivative thereof, on to a pipe of rubber, synthetic rubber or polyvinyl chloride and then, if desired, coating the exteriorof said pipe with rubber, synthetic rubber or polyvinyl chloride and, if desired, curing or vulcanising the coating formed. Further layers of rubber and braiding or other sheathing may be added if desired. Such hose pipes are resistant to ultra violet light and abrasion and are scarcely influenced by most organic liquids and most acids and acid fumes.
By highly polymeric linear esters we mean polyesters, filaments or sheets of which are capable of molecular orientation, as shown by characteristic X-ray patterns, by drawing or rolling. Examples of ester-forming derivatives of terephthalic acid are its aliphatic (including cycloaliphatic) and aryl esters and half-esters, its acid halides and its ammonium and amine salts. Examples of the said glycols are ethylene, trimethylene, tetramethylene, hexamethylene and decamethylene glycols. Of the said polymeric esters, polyethylene terephthalate, or more technically correct, polymeric ethylene terephthalate is preferred because of the ready availability of the materials from which it is synthesised and because of its high melting point, which is 240 C.
Filaments of the said polymeric esters are prepared most easily by any of the methods of melt spinning known to the art, e. g. melting the polymeric ester on a heated grid, passing it through a filter bed composed of fine particles, e. g. sand, to filter the melt, forcing the melt through a spinneret and rapidly cooling the filaments so formed. It is preferred that these filaments are drawn in the solid state in order that they may have high tensile strengths, moduli of elasticity and resistance to water, and low extensibility factors. It is further preferred that the filaments or yarns produced therefrom, for use in the process of this invention should be subjected after drawing to a heat setting treatment at temperatures greater than 60 C. but less than, preferably at least 30 C. less than, their melting points while they are under tension. By-this means filaments and yarns having high tenacity and low elongation, e. g. less than 10% of the drawn length, may be obtained. Such filaments or yarns when fully drawn may be woven or braided into fabrics which as well as being strong do not stretch to any degree when subjected to a stretching force e. g. when the hose pipe is carrying liquid under pressure. Details of the drawing and heat setting treatments are given in our copending U. S. application Serial No. 748,650, filed May 16, 1947.
Yarns may be produced from the filaments of this invention by twisting a bundle of continuous filaments together or by spinning staple fibres of the polymeric esters. The staple fibres may be prepared by cutting or breaking continuous filaments of the esters; preferably after crimping them. Yarns produced from continuous filaments are preferred for use in the process of this invention because of their greater tensile strength.
Fabrics for use in the process of this invention may be produced from the yarns, hereinbefore described or from continuous filaments by any of the processes known in the art. It is preferred that the yarns or filaments should be braided, using a circular braiding machine, directly onto the rubber tube, but braids or woven ribbons may be wrapped round the tube if desired.
The yarns may be wound or braided on to the rubber, synthetic rubber or polyvinyl chloride utilising any apparatus or method known to the art. If desired the threads or fabrics of this invention may be fastened to the rubber by means of an adhesive composition. Suitable compositions include organic polyisocyanate and resorcinol formaldehyde compositions.
In addition to rubber, other suitable materials for use in the process of this invention include the various synthetic rubbers, such as butyl rubber, polychloroprene, commonly called Neoprene, and the butadiene-styrene interpolymer known as G. R. S. and plasticised polyvinyl chloride. Plasticised polyvinyl chloride, of course, does not require vulcanisation, although if applied in the form of finely powdered polyvinyl chloride dispersed in plasticiser, the dispersions require to be cured or gelatinised.
For most hose pipes a laminated tube made up of alternate layers of fabric or rubber, synthetic rubber or polyvinyl chloride is required. Other fabrics, such as linen may be used in plies, but it is preferred that fabrics or yarns composed of the linear polymeric esters of this invention should be used as the outer case, as by this means hose pipes of increased durability are obtained because of the good resistance of the polymeric esters of this invention to ultraviolet light and to abrasion. The high resistance of the polymeric esters of this invention to acids, organiccompounds and soil bacteria also enables the" hose pipes of this invention to be used without deterioration under a wide range of conditions.
I claim:
1. The production of hosepipes by a process which comprises braiding or winding a drawn,
heat set filamentous material composed of highly polymeric linear esters which have been obtained by heating at least one glycol of the series HO(CH2) nOH, where n is greater than 1 and not exceeding 10, with a substance of the group consisting of terephthalic acid and ester forming derivatives of terephthalic acid onto a pipe composed of a material of the group consisting of rubber, synthetic rubber and plasticized polyvinyl chloride.
2. A process as claimed in claim 1 wherein the polymeric linear ester is polymeric ethylene terephthalate.
3. A process as claimed in claim 1 wherein the exterior of the hosepipe is coated with a material of the group consisting of rubber, synthetic rubber and polyvinyl chloride.
4. A process according to claim 3 wherein the coating is cured.
5. A hosepipe comprised of drawn, heat, set filamentous material composed of highly polymeric linear esters which have been obtained by heating at least one glycol 01' the series HO(CH2) OH, where n is greater than 1 and not exceeding 10, with a substance of the group con- 4 sisting of terephthalic acid and ester forming derivatives of terephthalic acid, braided or wound onto a pipe composed of a material 01 the group consisting oi rubber, synthetic rubber and plasticized polyvinyl chloride.
6. A hosepipe as claimed in claim 5 wherein the polymeric linear ester is polymeric ethylene terephthalate.
7. A hosepipe as claimed in claim 5 wherein the exterior of the pipe is coated with a material of the group consisting of rubber, synthetic rubber and polyvinyl chloride.
8. A hosepipe as claimed in claim 7 wherein the exterior coating has been cured.
LESLIE Leann.
REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file 01' this patent:
UNITED STATES PA'IE FOREIGN PATENTS.
Country Date Great Britain June 14, 1946 Number Number

Claims (2)

1. THE PRODUCTION OF HOSEPIPES BY A PROCESS WHICH COMPRISES BRAIDING OR WINDING A DRAWN, HEAT SET FILAMENTOUS MATERIAL COMPOSED OF HIGHLY POLYMERIC LINEAR ESTERS WHICH HAVE BEEN OBTAINED BY HEATING AT LEAST ONE GLYCOL OF THE SERIES HO(CH2)NOH, WHERE N IS GREATER THAN 1 AND NOT EXCEEDING 10, WITH A SUBSTANCE OF THE GROUP CONSISTING OF TEREPHTHALIC ACID AND ESTER FORMING DERIVATIVES OF TERPHTALIC ACID ONTO A PIPE COMPOSED OF A MATERIAL OF THE GROUP CONSISTING OF RUBBER, SYNTHETIC RUBBER AND PLASTICIZED POLYVINYL CHLORIDE.
5. A HOSEPIPE COMPRISED OF DRAWN, HEAT SET FILAMENTOUS MATERIAL COMPOSED OF HIGHLY POLYMERIC LINEAR ESTERS WHICH HAVE BEEN OBTAINED BY HEATING AT LEAST ONE GLYCOL OF THE SERIES HO(CH2)NOH, WHERE N IS GREATER THANT 1 AND NOT EXCEEDING 10, WITH A SUBSTANCE OF THE GROUP CONSISTING OF TEREPHTHALIC ACID AND ESTER FORMING DERIVATIVES OF TEREPHTALIC ACID, BRAIDED OR WOUND ONTO A PIPE COMPOSED OF A MATERIAL OF THE GROUP CONSISTING OF RUBBER, SYNTHETIC RUBBER AND PLASTICIZED POLYVINYL CHLORIDE.
US736397A 1946-03-22 1947-03-21 Hose pipe and method of making same Expired - Lifetime US2512433A (en)

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Cited By (25)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2652093A (en) * 1949-03-02 1953-09-15 Gates Rubber Co Method of making reinforced rubber hose
US2795242A (en) * 1953-07-09 1957-06-11 Heminway & Bartlett Mfg Co Harness cord
US2943644A (en) * 1957-02-01 1960-07-05 Compoflox Company Ltd Flexible hose
US2974559A (en) * 1957-07-29 1961-03-14 Montedison Spa Composite ropes, cords and the like
US2977839A (en) * 1958-07-28 1961-04-04 Polymer Corp Nylon tubing with braided cover and method of making
US3018800A (en) * 1955-04-04 1962-01-30 Plastidry Sa Hose pipes
US3051212A (en) * 1959-06-26 1962-08-28 Du Pont Reinforced composite structures
US3062241A (en) * 1959-07-16 1962-11-06 Moore & Co Samuel Composite nylon tube
US3067484A (en) * 1959-09-10 1962-12-11 Russell Mfg Co Fabric web
US3068906A (en) * 1958-02-14 1962-12-18 Porter Co Inc H K Jet engine refueling hose
US3078755A (en) * 1961-01-27 1963-02-26 Samson Cordage Works Braided cordage
US3117597A (en) * 1960-05-19 1964-01-14 Porter Co Inc H K Jet engine starter hose
US3148898A (en) * 1960-12-20 1964-09-15 Anaconda American Brass Co Thermally insulated flexible hose assembly
US3159183A (en) * 1961-07-17 1964-12-01 Moore & Co Samuel Composite tubing product, and apparatus and method for manufacturing same
US3172427A (en) * 1957-10-30 1965-03-09 Imp Eastman Corp Flexible and semi-flexible tubular conduits
US3221774A (en) * 1962-07-17 1965-12-07 Porter Co Inc H K Kinkproof fire hose
US3233024A (en) * 1959-08-31 1966-02-01 Imp Eastman Corp Flexible tubes and the manufacture thereof
US3383258A (en) * 1963-08-30 1968-05-14 Alfred Roberts & Sons Ltd Method of making a flexible high pressure hose
US3413169A (en) * 1964-08-13 1968-11-26 Dynamit Nobel Ag Method of making a hose combination of a plastic liner and a fibrous sheath
US3682202A (en) * 1970-01-22 1972-08-08 Goodyear Tire & Rubber Reinforced hose
US3779308A (en) * 1970-01-22 1973-12-18 Goodyear Tire & Rubber Cooling system including reinforced hose
US4111237A (en) * 1976-07-12 1978-09-05 General Motors Corporation Braid reinforced flexible brake hose
US4306591A (en) * 1980-03-03 1981-12-22 The Gates Rubber Company Hose with improved resistance to deformation, and method
US4361455A (en) * 1980-03-03 1982-11-30 The Gates Rubber Company Method of forming hose with improved resistance to deformation
US20040105945A1 (en) * 2001-09-25 2004-06-03 Jerrell Ladonna J. Peroxide cured styrene butadiene for brake hose

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1352740A (en) * 1918-10-05 1920-09-14 Henry C Egerton Vulcanized rubber hose
US2111639A (en) * 1936-09-28 1938-03-22 James Joseph Lannon Braided fabric and method of making same
US2262861A (en) * 1939-05-16 1941-11-18 Carbide & Carbon Chem Corp Composite article
US2349290A (en) * 1941-11-01 1944-05-23 Goodrich Co B F Method of improving the adhesion of nylon to rubber
GB578079A (en) * 1941-07-29 1946-06-14 John Rex Whinfield Improvements relating to the manufacture of highly polymeric substances
US2429397A (en) * 1943-04-27 1947-10-21 Goodrich Co B F Method of adhering fibers to rubber
US2437046A (en) * 1943-10-15 1948-03-02 Resinous Prod & Chemical Co Stabilization of polyesters
US2465319A (en) * 1941-07-29 1949-03-22 Du Pont Polymeric linear terephthalic esters

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1352740A (en) * 1918-10-05 1920-09-14 Henry C Egerton Vulcanized rubber hose
US2111639A (en) * 1936-09-28 1938-03-22 James Joseph Lannon Braided fabric and method of making same
US2262861A (en) * 1939-05-16 1941-11-18 Carbide & Carbon Chem Corp Composite article
GB578079A (en) * 1941-07-29 1946-06-14 John Rex Whinfield Improvements relating to the manufacture of highly polymeric substances
US2465319A (en) * 1941-07-29 1949-03-22 Du Pont Polymeric linear terephthalic esters
US2349290A (en) * 1941-11-01 1944-05-23 Goodrich Co B F Method of improving the adhesion of nylon to rubber
US2429397A (en) * 1943-04-27 1947-10-21 Goodrich Co B F Method of adhering fibers to rubber
US2437046A (en) * 1943-10-15 1948-03-02 Resinous Prod & Chemical Co Stabilization of polyesters

Cited By (25)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2652093A (en) * 1949-03-02 1953-09-15 Gates Rubber Co Method of making reinforced rubber hose
US2795242A (en) * 1953-07-09 1957-06-11 Heminway & Bartlett Mfg Co Harness cord
US3018800A (en) * 1955-04-04 1962-01-30 Plastidry Sa Hose pipes
US2943644A (en) * 1957-02-01 1960-07-05 Compoflox Company Ltd Flexible hose
US2974559A (en) * 1957-07-29 1961-03-14 Montedison Spa Composite ropes, cords and the like
US3172427A (en) * 1957-10-30 1965-03-09 Imp Eastman Corp Flexible and semi-flexible tubular conduits
US3068906A (en) * 1958-02-14 1962-12-18 Porter Co Inc H K Jet engine refueling hose
US2977839A (en) * 1958-07-28 1961-04-04 Polymer Corp Nylon tubing with braided cover and method of making
US3051212A (en) * 1959-06-26 1962-08-28 Du Pont Reinforced composite structures
US3062241A (en) * 1959-07-16 1962-11-06 Moore & Co Samuel Composite nylon tube
US3233024A (en) * 1959-08-31 1966-02-01 Imp Eastman Corp Flexible tubes and the manufacture thereof
US3067484A (en) * 1959-09-10 1962-12-11 Russell Mfg Co Fabric web
US3117597A (en) * 1960-05-19 1964-01-14 Porter Co Inc H K Jet engine starter hose
US3148898A (en) * 1960-12-20 1964-09-15 Anaconda American Brass Co Thermally insulated flexible hose assembly
US3078755A (en) * 1961-01-27 1963-02-26 Samson Cordage Works Braided cordage
US3159183A (en) * 1961-07-17 1964-12-01 Moore & Co Samuel Composite tubing product, and apparatus and method for manufacturing same
US3221774A (en) * 1962-07-17 1965-12-07 Porter Co Inc H K Kinkproof fire hose
US3383258A (en) * 1963-08-30 1968-05-14 Alfred Roberts & Sons Ltd Method of making a flexible high pressure hose
US3413169A (en) * 1964-08-13 1968-11-26 Dynamit Nobel Ag Method of making a hose combination of a plastic liner and a fibrous sheath
US3682202A (en) * 1970-01-22 1972-08-08 Goodyear Tire & Rubber Reinforced hose
US3779308A (en) * 1970-01-22 1973-12-18 Goodyear Tire & Rubber Cooling system including reinforced hose
US4111237A (en) * 1976-07-12 1978-09-05 General Motors Corporation Braid reinforced flexible brake hose
US4306591A (en) * 1980-03-03 1981-12-22 The Gates Rubber Company Hose with improved resistance to deformation, and method
US4361455A (en) * 1980-03-03 1982-11-30 The Gates Rubber Company Method of forming hose with improved resistance to deformation
US20040105945A1 (en) * 2001-09-25 2004-06-03 Jerrell Ladonna J. Peroxide cured styrene butadiene for brake hose

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