US2480124A - Manufacture of selenium elements such as rectifiers - Google Patents

Manufacture of selenium elements such as rectifiers Download PDF

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Publication number
US2480124A
US2480124A US660292A US66029246A US2480124A US 2480124 A US2480124 A US 2480124A US 660292 A US660292 A US 660292A US 66029246 A US66029246 A US 66029246A US 2480124 A US2480124 A US 2480124A
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Prior art keywords
selenium
rectifiers
washer
base plate
rectifier
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Expired - Lifetime
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US660292A
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Driver Douglas Louis Ashton
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STC PLC
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Standard Telephone and Cables PLC
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01LSEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L29/00Semiconductor devices specially adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching and having potential barriers; Capacitors or resistors having potential barriers, e.g. a PN-junction depletion layer or carrier concentration layer; Details of semiconductor bodies or of electrodes thereof ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D35/00Filtering devices having features not specifically covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D33/00, or for applications not specifically covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D33/00; Auxiliary devices for filtration; Filter housing constructions
    • B01D35/12Devices for taking out of action one or more units of multi- unit filters, e.g. for regeneration
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/03Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion

Definitions

  • This invention relates to dry contact rectifiers and photo-electric cells comprising a metal baseplate having thereon a layer of semi-conducting material to which is also applied a cunterelectrode.
  • This difficulty is overcome in accordance with the present invention by applying a thin insulating washer with its upper surface flush with the surface of the semi-conductor. This may conveniently be done by placing the insulating washer upon the surface of the semi-conductor when it is in a plastic condition and applying pressure.
  • the invention will be described as applied to a selenium rectifier.
  • a base plate coated with selenium is subjected to heat and pressure as part of the treatment necessary to convert the selenium from the vitreous condition to the rectiiying allotropic modification.
  • a thin paper washer is placed on the surface of the selenium of such a selenium coated base plate before the heat and pressure is applied.
  • the paper washer is found to have its surface flush with the surface of the selenium.
  • a counter-electrode is then applied over the whole of the flush surface.
  • the rectifier may then be assembled with other rectifiers by means of pressure exerted on the area of the paper washer.
  • the invention is applicable also to photo-electric cells, since as pointed out in the copending application, Serial No. 639,469, filed January 5, 1946, by E. A. Richards, entitled Centre contact photo-cell, an insulating washer or layer may be used therein for the same purpose as in a rectifier.
  • Fig. 1 shows'in cross section a base plate coated with selenium and an insulating washer placed thereon.
  • Fig. 2 is a cross-section of the base plate of Fig. 1 after having been treated to produce a rectifier which is assembled with other rectifiers in a unit.
  • a base plate I having a central aperture 2 is coated with selenium 3,-
  • the coated base plate is then in known manner to be placed in a press and heat applied, it may be, as described in United States Patent No. 2,413,013, issued December 24, 1946, upon an application by Arthur von Hippel entitled Method of making selenium rectifiers, after a preliminary heating without pressure.
  • a paper washer 4 having an aperture therein corresponding to the aperture 2 in the base plate I! is placed on the surface of the selenium 3 as shown in Fig. 1 with the apertures in alignment.
  • the paper washer t may be dished in the centre as shown to facilitate location, the aperture in the washer i being less than that in the base plate.
  • the invention is also applicable to those rectifiers or photo-cells, in which pressure is applied around the periphery of the disc, the paper washer in this case covering a strip round the periphery.
  • the washer 4 may obviously be made of other solid insulating material than paper.
  • Paper washers 4 after they have been applied as described above flush with the surface of the selenium on a selenium coated base plate, serve also as a protection for the edges of the central aperture 2 in the selenium when the central aperture 2 in the base plate I is formed by punching out portions of a plate already coated with selenium.
  • selenium cell as used in the following claim, is to be understood as embracing both selenium photo-cells and selenium rectifiers.
  • a process for the manufacture of a stratified selenium cell having a localized mass of solid electrically insulative material in the selenium layer wherein a base element is provided with an overlying selenium layer which is hot-pressed to convert the selenium to the desired semiconductive allotroplc modification the improvement that comprises placing the solid electrically insulative mass upon the selenium layer prior to the hotpressing, and thereafter hot-pressing against a fiat platen whereby the insulative mass is pressed into the selenium layer flush with the surface thereof and rigidly consolidated therewith, simultaneously with conversion of the selenium to the desired allotropic modification.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Extrusion Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Rectifiers (AREA)

Description

5 1949 D. DRIVE 2,480,124
MANUFACTURE O ELENIUM EMENTS SUCH AS RECTIFIERS 7 Filed April 6, 1946 F/Gl. F/GZ.
I, f 5 \A/ fi 4 8 4 7 2 v x k? v \4 v In Mentor Ado/wig Patented Aug. 30, 1949 MANUFACTURE OF SELENIUM ELEMENTS SUCH AS RECTIFIERS Douglas Louis Ashton Driver, London, England, assignor to Standard Telephones and Cables Limited, London, England, a British company Application April 6, 1946, Serial No. 660,292 In Great Britain April 7, 1945 1 Claim.
This invention relates to dry contact rectifiers and photo-electric cells comprising a metal baseplate having thereon a layer of semi-conducting material to which is also applied a cunterelectrode.
In order to make satisfactory contact with the counter-electrode, more particularly when a number of rectifiers are to be assembled in series as a unit, it is necessary to apply a certain amount of pressure. Such pressure is also advisable when the rectifier is to be protected against ingress of moisture by a coating of varnish as explained in United States Patent No. 2,314,104, granted March 16, 1943, upon an application filed by E. A. Richards and L. J. Ellison entitled Selenium rectifier. As pointed out in the said patent such pressure causes in the case of some rectifiers, such as those using selenium as the semi-conductor material, reverse current to be increased. Accordingly it was proposed in said patent to insulate part of the semi-conductor from the counter-electrode in order to provide a part of the latter upon which pressure could be exercised without deleterious effect on the rectifier. This could be done by attaching a thin Washer of insulating material to the semi-conductor before applying the counter-electrode thereto.
It has been found that where the counter-electrode passes over the edge of the thin insulating washer it tends to develop cracks or to become unduly thin so that the resistance in the circuit of the rectifier is unduly increased.
This difficulty is overcome in accordance with the present invention by applying a thin insulating washer with its upper surface flush with the surface of the semi-conductor. This may conveniently be done by placing the insulating washer upon the surface of the semi-conductor when it is in a plastic condition and applying pressure.
The invention will be described as applied to a selenium rectifier. In known processes for manufacturing such a rectifier a base plate coated with selenium is subjected to heat and pressure as part of the treatment necessary to convert the selenium from the vitreous condition to the rectiiying allotropic modification. In carrying out the present invention a thin paper washer is placed on the surface of the selenium of such a selenium coated base plate before the heat and pressure is applied. At the conclusion of the normal heat pressure treatment the paper washer is found to have its surface flush with the surface of the selenium. A counter-electrode is then applied over the whole of the flush surface.
The rectifier may then be assembled with other rectifiers by means of pressure exerted on the area of the paper washer.
The invention is applicable also to photo-electric cells, since as pointed out in the copending application, Serial No. 639,469, filed January 5, 1946, by E. A. Richards, entitled Centre contact photo-cell, an insulating washer or layer may be used therein for the same purpose as in a rectifier.
One embodiment of the invention is illustrated in the accompanying drawings in which:
Fig. 1 shows'in cross section a base plate coated with selenium and an insulating washer placed thereon.
Fig. 2 is a cross-section of the base plate of Fig. 1 after having been treated to produce a rectifier which is assembled with other rectifiers in a unit.
Referring to the drawing a base plate I having a central aperture 2 is coated with selenium 3,-
as for example by applying selenium to the base plate I when it is at a temperature well above the melting point of selenium, and spreading the selenium over the surface in known manner. The base plate thus coated is then cooled rapidly.
The coated base plate is then in known manner to be placed in a press and heat applied, it may be, as described in United States Patent No. 2,413,013, issued December 24, 1946, upon an application by Arthur von Hippel entitled Method of making selenium rectifiers, after a preliminary heating without pressure. Immediately before inserting the selenium coated base plate in the press a paper washer 4 having an aperture therein corresponding to the aperture 2 in the base plate I! is placed on the surface of the selenium 3 as shown in Fig. 1 with the apertures in alignment. The paper washer t may be dished in the centre as shown to facilitate location, the aperture in the washer i being less than that in the base plate.
' The excess material of the washer is removed application, Serial No. 476,074, filed February 16, 1943, now Patent No. 2,434,960, issued January 27, 1948, by E. A. Richards, entitled "Cover plate for rectifier discs," may then be applied against the counter-electrode to complete the rectifier, which may then be placed on a central spindle I, and assembled with other rectifiers on the spindle into a complete unit, a conducting washer 8 being placed to make contact with the contact plate 6 and the base plate of the next rectifier in the assembly. The assembly is completed by end pressure which, since the washer 8 isnot greater in diameter than the paper washer 4', is exerted in the selenium 3 only over the area covered by th paper washer 4.
It is to be understood that the invention is also applicable to those rectifiers or photo-cells, in which pressure is applied around the periphery of the disc, the paper washer in this case covering a strip round the periphery. The washer 4 may obviously be made of other solid insulating material than paper.
Paper washers 4 after they have been applied as described above flush with the surface of the selenium on a selenium coated base plate, serve also as a protection for the edges of the central aperture 2 in the selenium when the central aperture 2 in the base plate I is formed by punching out portions of a plate already coated with selenium.
The term selenium cell as used in the following claim, is to be understood as embracing both selenium photo-cells and selenium rectifiers.
What is claimed is:
In a process for the manufacture of a stratified selenium cell having a localized mass of solid electrically insulative material in the selenium layer wherein a base element is provided with an overlying selenium layer which is hot-pressed to convert the selenium to the desired semiconductive allotroplc modification, the improvement that comprises placing the solid electrically insulative mass upon the selenium layer prior to the hotpressing, and thereafter hot-pressing against a fiat platen whereby the insulative mass is pressed into the selenium layer flush with the surface thereof and rigidly consolidated therewith, simultaneously with conversion of the selenium to the desired allotropic modification.
DOUGLAS LOUIS ASHTON DRIVER.
REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:
UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 2,314,104 Richards Mar. 16, 1943 2,345,122 Herrmann Mar. 28, 1944
US660292A 1945-04-07 1946-04-06 Manufacture of selenium elements such as rectifiers Expired - Lifetime US2480124A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB2480124X 1945-04-07
IT1232067 1967-02-06

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US2480124A true US2480124A (en) 1949-08-30

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US660292A Expired - Lifetime US2480124A (en) 1945-04-07 1946-04-06 Manufacture of selenium elements such as rectifiers
US702677A Expired - Lifetime US3503096A (en) 1945-04-07 1968-02-02 Continuous-flow filter for extruders and similar machines for processing plastic materials

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US702677A Expired - Lifetime US3503096A (en) 1945-04-07 1968-02-02 Continuous-flow filter for extruders and similar machines for processing plastic materials

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US (2) US2480124A (en)
AT (1) AT307016B (en)
CH (1) CH483919A (en)
DE (2) DE6608658U (en)
ES (1) ES349082A1 (en)
FR (1) FR1554412A (en)
NL (2) NL6801131A (en)

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US2933661A (en) * 1953-08-05 1960-04-19 Fansteel Metallurgical Corp Rectifier and method of making same

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US3715416A (en) * 1971-06-14 1973-02-06 Celanese Corp Filter start-up in dry spinning acrylonitrile copolymer
GB1455611A (en) * 1973-01-23 1976-11-17 Zink Co Inc Plug valve units for extrusion apparatus
US3940222A (en) * 1973-01-23 1976-02-24 J. Zink Co., Inc. Filter changing valve unit
US3938924A (en) * 1974-03-28 1976-02-17 Celanese Corporation Thermoplastic melt apparatus
US4108588A (en) * 1974-09-14 1978-08-22 C.F. Scheer & Cie. Apparatus for processing molten liquid plastics, particularly for extrusion of plastics
JPS5927698B2 (en) * 1977-11-28 1984-07-07 株式会社日本製鋼所 Automatic "filter" mesh exchange device in plastic extrusion machine
DE3032690A1 (en) * 1980-08-29 1982-05-06 Agfa-Gevaert Ag, 5090 Leverkusen METHOD AND DEVICE FOR CONTINUOUS FILTERING OF LIQUIDS
US5088231A (en) * 1987-03-04 1992-02-18 Agristar, Inc. Automated system for micropropagation and culturing organic material
JPS63288732A (en) * 1987-05-20 1988-11-25 Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd Apparatus for exchanging filter for extrusion molding machine
DE3740911A1 (en) * 1987-12-03 1989-06-15 Hartig Guenter Filter device for cleaning polymer melts
US4814186A (en) * 1988-02-29 1989-03-21 Beringer Co., Inc. Polymer filtration apparatus
US4849113A (en) * 1988-05-23 1989-07-18 Hills William H Continuous polymer filter
DE3900952C1 (en) * 1989-01-14 1990-03-22 Hermann Berstorff Maschinenbau Gmbh, 3000 Hannover, De
DE4215472C1 (en) * 1992-05-11 1993-05-27 Gneuss Kunststofftechnik Gmbh, 4970 Bad Oeynhausen, De Welt filter for cleaning plastic melts - having sieve plate cut=out along the side which can hold filters in the form of ring members
EP0569866B1 (en) * 1992-05-11 1996-03-13 GNEUSS KUNSTSTOFFTECHNIK GmbH Filter for synthetic plastic melts
US5417866A (en) * 1993-07-02 1995-05-23 Extek, Inc. Continuous flow polymer filtration apparatus and process
US5462653A (en) * 1994-02-15 1995-10-31 Hills, Inc. Apparatus for continuous polymer filtration
DE59507155D1 (en) * 1994-03-15 1999-12-09 Wil Man Polymer Filtration Gmb Control and filtering device for at least two partial fluid flows
DE19508658A1 (en) * 1994-03-15 1995-10-12 Wil Man Polymer Filtration Gmb Control device for fluid sub-streams
EP0875357B1 (en) * 1997-05-02 2001-11-07 Kreyenborg Verwaltungen und Beteiligungen GmbH & Co. KG Filter device for extruders and injection machines
ES2885599T3 (en) * 2015-04-30 2021-12-14 Fimic S R L Filter for plastic material
EP3308940A1 (en) * 2016-10-17 2018-04-18 Next Generation Analytics GmbH Filtering system for viscose or highly viscose liquids, in particular molten plastic and method for filtering viscose or highly-viscose liquids
CN107281792B (en) * 2017-08-24 2019-04-02 王欣鑫 A kind of heating and ventilating pipeline dirt separator
US11260570B2 (en) * 2018-05-07 2022-03-01 PSI-Polymer Systems, Inc. Filtration apparatuses and screen changer devices for polymer processing and related methods
PL3960422T3 (en) * 2020-09-01 2023-02-27 Fimic S.R.L. Device for the continuous filtration of molten plastic material

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US2314104A (en) * 1939-01-22 1943-03-16 Int Standard Electric Corp Selenium rectifier
US2345122A (en) * 1939-10-17 1944-03-28 Herrmann Heinrich Dry rectifier

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CA684976A (en) * 1964-04-21 H. Rossiter Paul Straining head for an extruder
US2184177A (en) * 1930-10-23 1939-12-19 Benjamin S Burrell Strainer apparatus
US2243849A (en) * 1940-02-28 1941-06-03 Kratky Anton Electric lamp filament
US3033256A (en) * 1960-08-17 1962-05-08 Dow Chemical Co Screen changer for extruders
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Patent Citations (2)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2314104A (en) * 1939-01-22 1943-03-16 Int Standard Electric Corp Selenium rectifier
US2345122A (en) * 1939-10-17 1944-03-28 Herrmann Heinrich Dry rectifier

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2933661A (en) * 1953-08-05 1960-04-19 Fansteel Metallurgical Corp Rectifier and method of making same

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Publication number Publication date
US3503096A (en) 1970-03-31
NL132958C (en) 1900-01-01
CH483919A (en) 1970-01-15
ES349082A1 (en) 1969-04-01
DE1729193A1 (en) 1971-06-03
NL6801131A (en) 1968-08-07
DE6608658U (en) 1971-10-07
FR1554412A (en) 1969-01-17
AT307016B (en) 1973-05-10

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