TWI752307B - 新穎化合物及製造化合物之方法 - Google Patents
新穎化合物及製造化合物之方法 Download PDFInfo
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- TWI752307B TWI752307B TW108110285A TW108110285A TWI752307B TW I752307 B TWI752307 B TW I752307B TW 108110285 A TW108110285 A TW 108110285A TW 108110285 A TW108110285 A TW 108110285A TW I752307 B TWI752307 B TW I752307B
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- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 127
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 62
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 42
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 38
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- MZRVEZGGRBJDDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butyllithium Chemical compound [Li]CCCC MZRVEZGGRBJDDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- LCEDQNDDFOCWGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N morpholine-4-carbaldehyde Chemical group O=CN1CCOCC1 LCEDQNDDFOCWGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- FJKIXWOMBXYWOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenoxyethane Chemical compound CCOC=C FJKIXWOMBXYWOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- QYKIQEUNHZKYBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl ether Chemical compound C=COC=C QYKIQEUNHZKYBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-M Formate Chemical compound [O-]C=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 14
- 239000000543 intermediate Substances 0.000 abstract description 9
- FWCVZAQENIZVMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hydroxy-6-[[2-(2-propan-2-ylpyrazol-3-yl)pyridin-3-yl]methoxy]benzaldehyde Chemical compound CC(C)N1N=CC=C1C1=NC=CC=C1COC1=CC=CC(O)=C1C=O FWCVZAQENIZVMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 8
- 102000001554 Hemoglobins Human genes 0.000 abstract description 3
- 108010054147 Hemoglobins Proteins 0.000 abstract description 3
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 3
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 abstract description 3
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 3
- 208000007056 sickle cell anemia Diseases 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000000634 powder X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 24
- IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Heptane Chemical compound CCCCCCC IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 22
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 22
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 20
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- -1 1 Chemical class 0.000 description 16
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 16
- BZLVMXJERCGZMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl tert-butyl ether Chemical compound COC(C)(C)C BZLVMXJERCGZMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- GHMLBKRAJCXXBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N resorcinol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC(O)=C1 GHMLBKRAJCXXBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 15
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical group [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 14
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 11
- 125000004187 tetrahydropyran-2-yl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])OC([H])(*)C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 11
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 10
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000010511 deprotection reaction Methods 0.000 description 9
- FVAUCKIRQBBSSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium iodide Chemical compound [Na+].[I-] FVAUCKIRQBBSSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 9
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- DGXAGETVRDOQFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,6-dihydroxybenzaldehyde Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC(O)=C1C=O DGXAGETVRDOQFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 7
- 239000012074 organic phase Substances 0.000 description 7
- 235000017557 sodium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 229910000030 sodium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- HUMNYLRZRPPJDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzaldehyde Chemical compound O=CC1=CC=CC=C1 HUMNYLRZRPPJDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 6
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 5
- CZNAXKQIUMAWPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(chloromethyl)-2-(2-propan-2-ylpyrazol-3-yl)pyridine dihydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.Cl.CC(C)n1nccc1-c1ncccc1CCl CZNAXKQIUMAWPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000008346 aqueous phase Substances 0.000 description 4
- DLEDOFVPSDKWEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium butane Chemical compound [Li+].CCC[CH2-] DLEDOFVPSDKWEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 4
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- MEKOFIRRDATTAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,5,8-tetramethyl-3,4-dihydrochromen-6-ol Chemical compound C1CC(C)(C)OC2=C1C(C)=C(O)C=C2C MEKOFIRRDATTAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- AWBFONKUPONBFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,6-bis(1-ethoxyethoxy)benzaldehyde Chemical compound C(C)OC(C)OC1=C(C=O)C(=CC=C1)OC(C)OCC AWBFONKUPONBFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- MGADZUXDNSDTHW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2H-pyran Chemical compound C1OC=CC=C1 MGADZUXDNSDTHW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- AFVFQIVMOAPDHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanesulfonic acid Chemical compound CS(O)(=O)=O AFVFQIVMOAPDHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 3
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 3
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000007529 inorganic bases Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000012044 organic layer Substances 0.000 description 3
- QNGNSVIICDLXHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N para-ethylbenzaldehyde Natural products CCC1=CC=C(C=O)C=C1 QNGNSVIICDLXHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZDYVRSLAEXCVBX-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridinium p-toluenesulfonate Chemical compound C1=CC=[NH+]C=C1.CC1=CC=C(S([O-])(=O)=O)C=C1 ZDYVRSLAEXCVBX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000009518 sodium iodide Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229940124597 therapeutic agent Drugs 0.000 description 3
- JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene-4-sulfonic acid Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(S(O)(=O)=O)C=C1 JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-Dioxane Chemical compound C1COCCO1 RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JWUJQDFVADABEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyltetrahydrofuran Chemical compound CC1CCCO1 JWUJQDFVADABEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910002483 Cu Ka Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- BUDQDWGNQVEFAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydropyran Chemical group C1COC=CC1 BUDQDWGNQVEFAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005033 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- JGFZNNIVVJXRND-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Diisopropylethylamine (DIPEA) Chemical compound CCN(C(C)C)C(C)C JGFZNNIVVJXRND-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DTQVDTLACAAQTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trifluoroacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(F)(F)F DTQVDTLACAAQTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005804 alkylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 2
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000019439 ethyl acetate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000007522 mineralic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012453 solvate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000003527 tetrahydropyrans Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- ITMCEJHCFYSIIV-UHFFFAOYSA-M triflate Chemical group [O-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F ITMCEJHCFYSIIV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- GETQZCLCWQTVFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylamine Chemical compound CN(C)C GETQZCLCWQTVFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HMPDWSBKPCOQDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2-chloropyridin-3-yl)methanol Chemical compound OCC1=CC=CN=C1Cl HMPDWSBKPCOQDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZKZJXVGTTZXHGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-propan-2-yl-5-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)pyrazole Chemical compound CC(C)N1N=CC=C1B1OC(C)(C)C(C)(C)O1 ZKZJXVGTTZXHGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BZODCTOZQNOXGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-[[2-(2-propan-2-ylpyrazol-3-yl)pyridin-3-yl]methoxy]phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC(=CC=C1)OCC=1C(=NC=CC1)C1=CC=NN1C(C)C BZODCTOZQNOXGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003349 3-pyridyl group Chemical group N1=C([H])C([*])=C([H])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical compound [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ATEDQANYWGMZND-UHFFFAOYSA-N CC(C)[n]1nccc1-c1c(CCl)cccn1 Chemical compound CC(C)[n]1nccc1-c1c(CCl)cccn1 ATEDQANYWGMZND-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- QPFYXYFORQJZEC-FOCLMDBBSA-N Phenazopyridine Chemical compound NC1=NC(N)=CC=C1\N=N\C1=CC=CC=C1 QPFYXYFORQJZEC-FOCLMDBBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-DEQYMQKBSA-M Sodium bicarbonate-14C Chemical compound [Na+].O[14C]([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-DEQYMQKBSA-M 0.000 description 1
- FXKDDCBFUOGTQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N [2-(2-propan-2-ylpyrazol-3-yl)pyridin-3-yl]methanol Chemical compound CC(C)N1N=CC=C1C1=NC=CC=C1CO FXKDDCBFUOGTQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HMHZTYYTZHCTOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N [2-(2-propan-2-ylpyrazol-3-yl)pyridin-3-yl]methanol hydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.CC(C)n1nccc1-c1ncccc1CO HMHZTYYTZHCTOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003172 aldehyde group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004183 alkoxy alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000010533 azeotropic distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- FJDQFPXHSGXQBY-UHFFFAOYSA-L caesium carbonate Chemical compound [Cs+].[Cs+].[O-]C([O-])=O FJDQFPXHSGXQBY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910000024 caesium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000001309 chloro group Chemical group Cl* 0.000 description 1
- 229940125904 compound 1 Drugs 0.000 description 1
- USVZFSNDGFNNJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclopenta-1,4-dien-1-yl(diphenyl)phosphane (2,3-dichlorocyclopenta-1,4-dien-1-yl)-diphenylphosphane iron(2+) Chemical group [Fe++].c1cc[c-](c1)P(c1ccccc1)c1ccccc1.Clc1c(cc[c-]1Cl)P(c1ccccc1)c1ccccc1 USVZFSNDGFNNJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NXQGGXCHGDYOHB-UHFFFAOYSA-L cyclopenta-1,4-dien-1-yl(diphenyl)phosphane;dichloropalladium;iron(2+) Chemical compound [Fe+2].Cl[Pd]Cl.[CH-]1C=CC(P(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1.[CH-]1C=CC(P(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 NXQGGXCHGDYOHB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- CCIVGXIOQKPBKL-UHFFFAOYSA-M ethanesulfonate Chemical compound CCS([O-])(=O)=O CCIVGXIOQKPBKL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004675 formic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012458 free base Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004128 high performance liquid chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011081 inoculation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000011031 large-scale manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940098779 methanesulfonic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000000956 methoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])O* 0.000 description 1
- 125000004184 methoxymethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])OC([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 238000007069 methylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000269 nucleophilic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000007530 organic bases Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- MUJIDPITZJWBSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium(2+) Chemical compound [Pd+2] MUJIDPITZJWBSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001147 pentyl group Chemical group C(CCCC)* 0.000 description 1
- 235000015497 potassium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000028 potassium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011736 potassium bicarbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- TYJJADVDDVDEDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium hydrogencarbonate Chemical compound [K+].OC([O-])=O TYJJADVDDVDEDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000006239 protecting group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000008213 purified water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940070891 pyridium Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000013341 scale-up Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004192 tetrahydrofuran-2-yl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])OC([H])(*)C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000005292 vacuum distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D401/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom
- C07D401/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings
- C07D401/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings directly linked by a ring-member-to-ring-member bond
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
- A61K31/44—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof
- A61K31/4427—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof containing further heterocyclic ring systems
- A61K31/4439—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof containing further heterocyclic ring systems containing a five-membered ring with nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. omeprazole
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C45/00—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds
- C07C45/61—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by reactions not involving the formation of >C = O groups
- C07C45/65—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by reactions not involving the formation of >C = O groups by splitting-off hydrogen atoms or functional groups; by hydrogenolysis of functional groups
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C47/00—Compounds having —CHO groups
- C07C47/52—Compounds having —CHO groups bound to carbon atoms of six—membered aromatic rings
- C07C47/56—Compounds having —CHO groups bound to carbon atoms of six—membered aromatic rings containing hydroxy groups
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C47/00—Compounds having —CHO groups
- C07C47/52—Compounds having —CHO groups bound to carbon atoms of six—membered aromatic rings
- C07C47/56—Compounds having —CHO groups bound to carbon atoms of six—membered aromatic rings containing hydroxy groups
- C07C47/565—Compounds having —CHO groups bound to carbon atoms of six—membered aromatic rings containing hydroxy groups all hydroxy groups bound to the ring
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
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Abstract
本發明揭露了用於合成2-羥基-6-((2-(1-異丙基-1H-吡唑-5-基)-吡啶-3-基)甲氧基)苯甲醛(在此又稱作化合物(I))之方法和在此類方法中使用的中間體。化合物(I)與血紅蛋白結合並增加其氧親和力,並且因此可用於治療疾病如鐮狀細胞病。
Description
在此揭露了用於合成2-羥基-6-((2-(1-異丙基-1H-吡唑-5-基)-吡啶-3-基)甲氧基)苯甲醛(化合物(I))的方法和在此類方法中使用的中間體。化合物(I)與血紅蛋白結合並增加其氧親和力,並且因此可用於治療疾病如鐮狀細胞病。
在國際公開案第WO 2013/102142號的實例17中揭露了化合物(I)。化合物(I)與血紅蛋白結合並增加其氧親和力,並且因此可用於治療疾病如鐮狀細胞病。
通常,對於適合作為治療劑或治療劑的一部分的化合物,該化合物合成必須可改為大規模製造和分離。大規模製造和分離不應影響化合物的物理性質和純度,它也不應負面影響配製的活性成分的成本或功效。因此,製造和分離的放大可能需要大量努力來實現該等目標。
已經藉由某些方法以2,6-二羥苯甲醛(化合物1)開始合成化合物(I),
其中用無支鏈的直鏈烷基或烷氧基烷基(例如像甲基或甲氧基甲基)保護每個羥基部分。在安裝醛基團之後,使用各種羥基基團去保護的方法來合成在化合物(I)之合成和生產中使用的化合物(1)。然而,所用的去保護方法導致化合物(1)之不想要的聚合和分解反應-部分歸因於用於羥基基團去保護的條件。不希望的副產物產生複雜的混合物、降低了化合物(I)之產率,並且需要極大的努力將化合物(I)純化到可用作治療劑的一部分的程度,因此使得以上方法對於商業規模合成化合物(I)而言係不切實際的。
該方法以抑制不想要的聚合和分解反應並使得能夠進行化合物(I)之商業規模合成之方式,採用保護基團序列和溫和的反應條件來獲得化合物(1)。
其中R各自係-CH(CH2R1)-OR2或視情況被一個、兩個或三個烷基取代的四氫哌喃-2-基,以提供化合物(1),並且其中R1係氫或烷基並且R2係烷基;步驟(ii):視情況將化合物(1)轉化為化合物(I):
其中LG係烷基化反應條件下的離去基團;以及步驟(iii):在40℃+/-5℃至55℃+/-5℃下,較佳的為在45℃+/-5℃至55℃+/-5℃下,視情況從庚烷和甲基第三丁基醚中結晶化合物(I)。
在此進一步提供了用於合成化合物(I)之方法,該方法包括依次進行第一態樣的步驟(i)和(ii),包括在此所述態樣1的實施例和子實施例,從而
合成化合物(I)。在此進一步提供了用於合成化合物(I)之方法,該方法包括依次進行第一態樣的步驟(i)、(ii)和(iii),包括在此所述態樣1的實施例和子實施例,從而獲得化合物(I)。
其中具有化學式(2)和(4)之化合物中的R各自係-CH(CH2R1)-OR2(其中R1係氫或烷基並且R2係烷基)或視情況被一個、二個或三個烷基取代的四氫哌喃-2-基,以提供以上具有化學式(2)之化合物。
與具有化學式CHR1=CHOR2(其中R1係氫或烷基並且R2係烷基)的乙烯基醚或視情況被一個、兩個或三個烷基取代的3,4-二氫-2H-哌喃進行反應,以提供以上具有化學式(4)之化合物。
其中R各自係-CH(CH2R1)-OR2(其中R1係氫或烷基並且R2係烷基)或視情況被一個、兩個或三個烷基取代的四氫哌喃-2-基;
步驟(b):用甲醯化劑原位處理化合物(4)以提供具有化學式(2)之化合物:
其中LG係烷基化反應條件下的離去基團;以及步驟(e):在40℃+/-5℃至55℃+/-5℃下,較佳的為在45℃+/-5℃至55℃+/-5℃下,視情況從庚烷和甲基第三丁基醚中結晶化合物(I)。
在此進一步提供了合成化合物(I)之方法,該方法包括依次進行第四態樣的步驟(a)、(b)、和(c)或者(b)和(c),包括在此所述態樣4的實施例和
子實施例。在此進一步提供了合成化合物(I)之方法,該方法包括依次進行第四態樣的步驟(a)、(b)、(c)和(d)或者(b)、(c)和(d),包括在此所述態樣4的實施例和子實施例。在此進一步提供了合成化合物(I)之方法,該方法包括依次進行第四態樣的步驟(a)、(b)、(c)、(d)和(e)或者(b)、(c)和(d)以及(e),包括在此所述態樣4的實施例和子實施例。在一個實施例中,第一和第四態樣進一步包括從如在此所述的第七態樣中所提供的中間體化合物(6)合成化合物(3)。
其中R各自係視情況被一個、兩個或三個烷基取代的四氫哌喃-2-基。
其中R各自係-CH(CH2R1)-OR2(其中R1係氫或烷基並且R2係烷基)或視情況被一個、兩個或三個烷基取代的四氫哌喃-2-基。
其中X係鹵基或三氟甲磺酸酯,在鈀催化劑和鹼的存在下,在有機/水性反應混合物中進行反應。如在此所述,化合物(6)可以在化合物(3)之合成中使用。
藉由參考以下[實施方式]和實例(它們旨在例證非限制性實施例)可以更加充分地理解以上態樣。
圖1係化合物(I)之晶型I之XRPD圖譜。
圖2係化合物(I)之晶型II之XRPD圖譜。
本申請要求於2016年5月12日提交的美國臨時專利申請案第62/335,583號的優先權,以其全部內容並且出於所有目的將其藉由引用結
合在此。
除非另行說明,在本說明書和申請專利範圍中使用的以下術語係出於本申請之目的定義的並且具有以下含義:「烷基」意指具有一個至六個碳原子的直鏈飽和單價烴基或具有三個至六個碳原子的支鏈飽和單價烴基,例如,甲基、乙基、丙基、2-丙基、丁基、戊基等。
「視情況的」或「視情況」意指隨後描述的事件或情況可以發生但不必要發生,並且該描述包括其中該事件或情況發生的例子以及其中不發生該事件或情況的例子。例如,「視情況從庚烷和甲基第三丁基乙基中結晶化合物(I)」意味著結晶可以進行但不必要進行。
如在此所用的「大約」意指給定的量或範圍包括落在實驗誤差內的範圍或量的偏差,除非另有說明。
如在此所用的與多晶形式有關的「基本上純的」係指化合物如化合物(I),其中按重量計至少70%的化合物作為給定的多晶型存在。例如,短語「化合物(I)係基本上純的形式I或II」係指化合物(I)之固態形式,其中按重量計至少70%的化合物(I)分別處於形式I或II。在一個實施例中,按重量計至少80%的化合物(I)分別處於形式I或II。在另一個實施例中,按重量計至少85%的化合物(I)分別處於形式I或II。在又另一個實施例中,按重量計至少90%的化合物(I)分別處於形式I或II。在又另一個實施例中,按重量計至少95%的化合物(I)分別處於形式I或II。在又另一個實施例中,按重量計至少99%的化合物(I)分別處於形式I或II。
其中R各自係-CH(CH2R1)-OR2,其中R1係氫或烷基並且R2係烷基,或者R係視情況被一個、兩個或三個烷基取代的四氫哌喃-2-基,以提供具有化學式(2)之化合物。
在實施例(a)的第一個子實施例中,每個R皆為相同的。在第二個子實施例中,該四氫哌喃-2-基部分係未取代的。在實施例(a)的第三個子實施例中,該四氫哌喃-2-基部分被一個、兩個或三個烷基取代。
其中R各自係-CH(CH2R1)-OR2(其中R1係氫或烷基並且R2係烷基)或視情況被一個、兩個或三個烷基取代的四氫哌喃-2-基。
在實施例(b)的一個子實施例中,該3,4-二氫-2H-哌喃部分係未取代的。在實施例(b)的另一個子實施例中,該3,4-二氫-2H-哌喃部分被一個、兩個或三個烷基取代。
(c)在實施例(c)中,第一態樣步驟(i)、第四態樣步驟(c)以及實施例(a)和(b)的方法係其中在去除R基團中使用的酸係有機或無機酸。在實施例(c)的第一個子實施例中,該酸係鹽酸、硫酸、三氟乙酸、甲磺酸或乙磺酸。在實施例(c)的第二個子實施例中,該酸係鹽酸。在實施例(c)的第三子實施例中,包括其中包含的子實施例和實施例,在小於約4、3、2或1的pH下進行該反應。在實施例(c)的第四子實施例中,包括其中包含的子實施例和實施例,在約1至約3的pH下進行該反應。在實施例(c)的第五子實施例中,包括其中包含的子實施例和實施例,在大於1的pH下進行該反應。在實施例(c)的第六子實施例中,包括其中包含的子實施例和實施例,在小於1的pH下進行該反應。在實施例(c)的第七子實施例中,包括其中包含的子實施例和實施例,將化合物(2)用有機酸或無機酸原位處理以合成化合物(1)。在實施例(c)的第八子實施例中,包括其中包含的子實施例和實施例,在有機溶劑如四氫呋喃、甲基四氫呋喃、乙醚或二噁烷中進行該反應。在實施例(c)的第九子實施例中,包括其中包含的子實施例和實施例,在有機溶劑如四氫呋喃中進行該反應。在實施例(c)的第十子實施例中,包括其中包含的子實施例和實施例,該反應在低於30℃+/-5℃
的溫度下進行,較佳的為在低於約20℃的溫度下進行該反應。在實施例(c)的第十一子實施例中,包括其中包含的子實施例和實施例,在比先前的合成途徑更短的時間內進行去保護。縮短的去保護時間可以減少如在此所述的中間體化合物(1)和/或(2)之聚合或分解。
(d)在實施例(d)中,第一和第四態樣,其中包含的實施例(a)、(b)和(c)和子實施例的方法係其中LG係氯、溴、甲苯磺酸酯、甲磺酸酯或三氟甲磺酸酯。LG可以較佳的為氯。在實施例(d)的第一子實施例中,LG係氯,並且在非親核有機鹼(如吡啶、三甲胺、N-甲基-2-吡咯啶酮和二異丙基乙胺)存在下、在弱無機鹼(如碳酸氫鈉、碳酸氫鉀、碳酸銫等)存在下進行該反應。在實施例(d)的第二子實施例中,該弱無機鹼係碳酸氫鈉。在實施例(d)的第三子實施例中,LG係氯,並且在吡啶和弱無機鹼(如碳酸氫鈉)的存在下進行該反應。在實施例(d)的第四子實施例以及其中包含的子實施例和實施例中,在N-甲基-2-吡咯啶酮中進行該反應。在實施例(d)的第五子實施例中,LG係氯,並且在N-甲基-2-吡咯啶酮中、在碳酸氫鈉和催化量的NaI存在下進行該反應。在實施例(d)的第六子實施例和其中包含的子實施例中,在40℃至50℃之間進行該反應。在實施例(d)的第七子實施例和其中包含的子實施例中,在43℃至45℃之間進行該反應。在實施例(d)的第八子實施例和其中包含的子實施例中,在反應完成後,將該反應混合物用水處理,並且然後在40℃至50℃(較佳的為40℃至46℃)下用化合物(I)形式I接種,以給出呈基本上純的形式I的化合物(I),較佳的為化合物(I)係按重量計至少95%純的形式I。
(e)在實施例(e)中,第一態樣步驟(iii)、第四態樣步驟(e)以及實施例(a)、(b)、(c)和(d)以及其中包含的子實施例的方法係其中在45℃+/-5
℃至55℃+/-5℃或在45℃至55℃下進行化合物(I)之結晶並且溶劑係正庚烷和甲基第三丁基醚,以提供基本上純的化合物(I)形式II。在一個實施例中,按重量計至少95%的化合物(I)係形式II。在一個實施例中,按重量計至少98%的化合物(I)係形式II。在一個實施例中,按重量計至少99%的化合物(I)係形式II。
(f)在實施例(f)中,第一、第二、第三、第四、第五和第六態樣,實施例(a)-(e)以及其中包含的子實施例的方法係其中R各自係-CH(CH3)-O-CH2CH3、-CH(C2H5)-O-CH2CH3。在(g)的一個子實施例中,R各自係-CH(CH3)-O-CH2CH3。
(g)在實施例(g)中,第一、第二、第三、第四、第五和第六態樣,實施例(a)-(e)以及其中包含的子實施例的方法係其中R各自係視情況被一個或兩個甲基取代的四氫哌喃-2-基。在(g)的第一子實施例中,R係四氫呋喃-2-基。在(g)的第二子實施例中,R各自係被一個甲基取代的四氫哌喃-2-基。
(h)在實施例(h)中,第三和第四態樣、實施例(a)-(e)以及其中包含的子實施例的方法係其中在將化合物(5)轉化為具有化學式(4)之化合物中使用的酸係弱酸,如對甲苯磺酸或甲苯磺酸吡錠。在實施例(h)的第一子實施例中,該酸係甲苯磺酸吡錠。
(i)在實施例(i)中,第二態樣和第四態樣步驟(b)、實施例(a)-(i)以及其中包含的子實施例的方法係其中該甲醯化劑係n-BuLi和DMF或n-甲醯基嗎啉。在實施例(i)的第一個子實施例中,該甲醯化劑係n-BuLi和DMF。在實施例(i)的第二子實施例中,包括實施例(i)的第一子實施例,在THF中進行該反應。
(j)在實施例(j)中,第七態樣的方法係其中鈀催化劑係二氯[1,1'-雙(二苯基膦基)二茂鐵]鈀(II)或其二氯甲烷加合物。在實施例(j)的第一子實施例中,R3和R4一起形成-C(CH3)2-C(CH3)2-並且X係鹵基。在實施例(j)的第二子實施例中,包括實施例(j)的第一子實施例,R3和R4一起形成-C(CH3)2-C(CH3)2-並且X係氯。
(k)在實施例(j)中,第五和第六態樣的中間體係其中R各自係-CH(CH3)-O-CH2CH3。
(l)在實施例(l)中,第五和第六態樣的中間體係其中R各自係四氫哌喃-2-基。
化合物(I)之形式I可以由XRPD圖譜來表徵,該XRPD圖譜包括在12.94°、15.82°、16.11°、16.74°、17.67°、25.19°、25.93°和26.48°±0.2° 2θ中的一個或多個處的X-射線粉末繞射峰(Cu Kα輻射)。在一個實施例中,化合物(I)之形式I由基本上類似於圖1的X-射線粉末繞射圖譜(Cu Kα輻射)表徵。在另一個實施例中,化合物(I)之游離鹼的形式I由XRPD圖譜表徵,該XRPD圖譜包括選自12.94°、15.82°、16.11°、16.74°、17.67°、25.19°、25.93°和26.48°(各自±0.2° 2θ)的至少兩個X-射線粉末繞射峰(Cu Kα輻射)。在另一個實施例中,化合物(I)之形式I由XRPD圖譜表徵,該XRPD圖譜包括選自12.94°、15.82°、16.11°、16.74°、17.67°、25.19°、25.93°和26.48°(各自±0.2° 2θ)的至少三個X-射線粉末繞射峰(Cu Kα輻射)。在另一個實施例中,形式I由XRPD圖譜表徵,該XRPD圖譜包括如以下表1中所列的1、2、3、4或更多個峰,表1列出了化合物(I)之形式I的主要XRPD峰的XRPD峰位置和相對強度。
化合物(I)之形式II可以由XRPD圖譜來表徵,該XRPD圖譜包括在13.44°、14.43°、19.76°、23.97°±0.2° 2θ中的一個或多個處的X-射線粉末繞射峰(Cu Kα輻射)。在另一個實施例中,化合物(I)之形式II由XRPD圖譜來表徵,該XRPD圖譜包括基本上類似於圖2的X-射線粉末繞射圖(Cu Kα輻射)。在另一個實施例中,化合物(I)之形式II由XRPD圖譜來表徵,該XRPD圖譜包括選自13.44°、14.43°、19.76°、23.97° 2θ(各自±0.2° 2θ)的至少兩個X-射線粉末繞射峰(Cu Kα輻射)。在另一個實施例中,化合物(I)之形式II由XRPD圖譜來表徵,該XRPD圖譜包括選自13.44°、14.43°、19.76°、23.97° 2θ(各自±0.2° 2θ)的至少三個X-射線粉末繞射峰(Cu Kα輻射)。在另一個實施例中,化合物(I)之形式II由XRPD圖譜來表徵,該XRPD圖譜包括選自13.44°、14.43°、19.76°、23.97° 2θ(各自±0.2° 2θ)的X-射線粉末繞射峰(Cu Kα輻射)。
在另一個實施例中,形式II由如以下表2中所列的1、2、3、4或更多個峰表徵,表2列出了化合物(I)之形式II的主要XRPD峰的XRPD峰位置和相對強度。
在此所述的方法可用於在製造規模合成(例如,至少0.05、0.1、0.2、0.3、0.4、0.5、1、2、3、4、5、10、20、25、50、100或更多kg量)時合成化合物(I)。在此所述的方法可用於更大規模的合成(例如,至少0.05、0.1、0.2、0.3、0.4、0.5、1、2、3、4、5、10、20、25、50、100或更多kg量),該合成保留了化合物(I)之物理性質、純度、功效、其組合或其全部。
在此所述的方法出人意料地減少了化合物(1)之聚合,並出人意料地減少了在化合物(I)之合成期間聚合中間體。在一個實施例中,與如在此所述的先前合成途徑相比,聚合可以降低至少5%、10%、20%、25%、50%、75%、80%、90%、95%或更多。
在此所述的方法出人意料地減少了在化合物(1)之合成(和去保護)期間的分解反應。與如在此所述的先前合成途徑相比,分解反應可以降低至少5%、10%、20%、25%、50%、75%、80%、90%、95%或更多。與如在此所述的先前合成途徑相比,在此所述的方法可以將化合物(I)之最終產物的純度提高至少5%、10%、20%、25%、50%、75%、80%、90%、95%、97%、99%或更多。
使用Cu Kα輻射的入射束(Kα1(Å):1.540598,Kα2(Å):1.544426,Kα2/Kα1強度比:0.50,管設置在45kV、40mA),用帕納科(PANalytical)X'Pert3 X-射線粉末繞射儀收集XRPD圖譜。使用3和40(°2θ)之間的連續掃描模式,反射模式中的掃描速度為每步50s並且步長為0.0263(°2θ)。使用對稱Bragg-Brentano幾何結構配置該繞射儀。數據收集使用數據採集器版本(Data Collector version®)4.3.0.161和高分加
(Highscore Plus®)版本3.0.0。
在惰性氣體保護下,將四氫呋喃(700mL)添加到間苯二酚(170g,1.54mol,1當量)中,然後添加甲苯磺酸吡錠(3.9g,15.4mmol,0.01當量)、THF(65mL),並且將該反應混合物冷卻至0-5℃。在1-1.5h內添加乙基乙烯基醚(444mL,4.63mol,3.0當量),同時保持溫度5℃。添加完成後,允許將該反應混合物在1.5h內達到室溫。將該反應攪拌過夜,冷卻至10℃-15℃,並且添加510mL的½飽和NaHCO3,同時保持反應溶液低於20℃。分離各相。將有機相用425mL水洗滌一次,並用425mL 12.5% NaCl溶液洗滌一次,並且蒸發並與THF共沸,以給出呈透明無色至淡黃色油狀物的雙-EOE保護的間苯二酚(401.2g,1.55mol,102%未校正的)。
在惰性氣體保護下,向6L玻璃容器中添加雙-EOE保護的間苯二酚(390g,實際:398.6g=1.53mol,1當量,校正至100%轉化率),並且添加THF(1170mL)。將該反應混合物冷卻至-10℃至-5℃,並添加n-BuLi(625mL,2.7M在庚烷中,1.687mol,1.1當量)。將該反應混合物在-5℃-0℃下攪動30-40min,並且然後在-10℃至-5℃下開始添加
DMF(153.4mL,1.99mmol,1.3當量)。攪拌該反應混合物直到完成,並且然後用1N HCl/EtOAc淬滅。還尤其發現用EOE基團的保護不僅導致較少的副產物,而且似乎增加了甲醯化反應的速度以提供2,6-雙(1-乙氧基乙氧基)苯甲醛(化合物(2))。
處理該混合物,分離各相並將水相用MTBE洗滌。在水相洗滌以除去鹽後,將有機相濃縮成純淨油狀物,以獲得呈黃色油狀物(幾乎定量)的化合物(2)。
使用溶劑交換進行批量製備,並且比其他用於合成具有更好的純度和產率的化合物(I)之已知方法更快地完成。該去保護序列允許原位使用化合物(2)。
向步驟2的反應溶液中添加1N HCl(1755mL),同時保持溫度<20℃。用6M HCl將溶液的pH調節至pH=0.7-0.8。將該反應混合物攪拌16h。反應完成後,分離有機相,並且添加1560mL的甲基第三丁基醚。將有機相用1170mL的1N HCl洗滌一次,用780mL的½飽和NaCl溶液洗滌一次,並且用780mL的水洗滌一次,並且然後濃縮至約280mL的體積。向該溶液中添加780mL的甲基第三丁基醚,並再次濃縮至280mL[溫度<45℃,真空]。向漿液中添加780mL的乙腈,並且將該溶液在真空中在T<45℃下濃縮至約280mL的終體積。加熱漿液以使固體再溶解。將溶液緩慢冷卻至室溫,並在60℃-65℃下接種以引發產物結晶。將漿液冷卻至-20℃至-15℃,並在該溫度下攪動1-2h。藉由過濾分離產物,並用DCM(預冷至-20℃至-15℃)洗滌,並在氮氣流下乾燥,以給出呈黃色固體的2,6-二羥基苯甲醛。產量:138.9g(1.00mol,65.6%)。
在適合的反應器中,在氮氣下,將四氫呋喃(207L)添加到間苯二酚(46kg,0.42kmol,1當量)中,然後添加甲苯磺酸吡錠(1.05kg,4.2mol,0.01當量),並將該反應混合物冷卻至0-5℃。在1-1.5h內添加乙基乙烯基醚(90.4kg,120.5L,125kmol,3.0當量),同時保持溫度5℃。添加完成後,允許將該反應混合物在1.5h內達到室溫。將該反應攪拌過夜,冷卻至10℃-15℃,並且添加138L的水性4% NaHCO3,同時保持反應溶液低於20℃。分離各相。將有機相用115L的水洗滌一次並用125.2kg的12.5% NaCl溶液洗滌一次。藉由與THF的共沸蒸餾將有機層乾燥至水含量值<0.05%(按重量計),以產出呈在THF中的溶液的雙-EOE保護的間苯二酚(106.2kg,0.42kmol)。與先前報導的保護程序相比,優點係雙-EOE保護的間苯二酚產物不需要分離為純淨產物。包含產物的THF溶液可以直接用於下一反應步驟,從而提高生產量並減少雜質形成。
在惰性氣體保護下,將雙-EOE保護的間苯二酚溶液(假定為100%轉化)添加至適合的反應器中。將該反應混合物冷卻至-10℃至-5℃,並且添加n-BuLi(117.8kg,25%在庚烷中,1.1當量)。將該反應混合物在-5℃-0℃下攪動30-40min,並且然後在-10℃至-5℃下添加DMF(39.7kg,0.54kmol,1.3當量)。將該反應混合物攪拌直到完成,並且然後用水性
HCl(1M,488.8kg)淬滅,以給出2,6-雙(1-乙氧基乙氧基)苯甲醛。與先前報導的使用EOE保護基團的程序相比,優點係HCl淬滅的溶液可以直接用於去保護步驟中,並且2,6-雙(1-乙氧基乙氧基)苯甲醛不需要分離為純淨油狀物。
用水性HCl(6M,大約95.9kg)將淬滅的溶液的pH調節至<1,並且將該反應混合物在環境溫度下攪拌16h。反應完成後,分離有機相,並且添加279.7kg的甲基第三丁基醚。將有機相用水性1N HCl(299kg)洗滌一次,用水性12.5% NaCl(205.8kg)洗滌一次,並且用189kg的水洗滌一次,並且然後濃縮至大約69L的體積。向漿液中添加164kg的乙腈,並且將該溶液在真空中在T<45℃下濃縮至大約69L的終體積。加熱漿液以使固體再溶解。將該溶液在60℃-65℃下接種以引發產物結晶,並經8hr緩慢冷卻至室溫。將漿液冷卻至-20℃至-15℃,並在該溫度下攪動1-2h。藉由過濾分離產物,並用DCM(50.3kg,預冷至-20℃至-15℃)洗滌,並在氮氣流下乾燥,以產出呈黃色固體的2,6-二羥基苯甲醛。產量:37.8kg(0.27kmol,65.4%產率)。從去保護到結晶的所述簡略方法(telescoped approach)增加了產物的生產量和完整性。
用氮氣吹掃適當尺寸的燒瓶,並填充(2-氯吡啶-3-基)甲醇(1.0當量)、碳酸氫鈉(3.0當量)、[1,1'-雙(二苯基-膦基)-二茂鐵]二氯鈀(5mol%)、1-異丙基-5-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二氧雜環戊硼烷-2-基)-1H-吡唑(1.2當量)以及2-MeTHF(17.4體積)和去離子水(5.2體積)的混合物。將所得溶液加熱至70℃到75℃,並藉由HPLC監測轉化率。一旦反應完成,將該反應混合物冷卻至室溫,用去離子水稀釋並分離各相。將有機層用2N HCl(10體積)萃取並分離各相。將水相用MTBE洗滌。用6N NaOH將水相的pH調節至8-9。將產物萃取到EtOAc中,用Darco G-60處理30至60min,經MgSO4乾燥,通過Celite®過濾,並濃縮,以給出呈棕色油狀物的(2-(1-異丙基-1H-吡唑-5-基)吡啶-3-基)甲醇。
用(2-(1-異丙基-1H-吡唑-5-基)吡啶-3-基)甲醇鹽酸鹽(1當量)和純化水填充適當裝備的反應器。緩慢添加水性碳酸氫鈉溶液(8% NaHCO3)以保持溶液溫度在17℃至25℃之間。添加完成後,將該反應混合物在17℃至25℃下攪拌並添加二氯甲烷,並且分離有機層。然後將DCM溶液在大氣條件下在約40℃下蒸餾並且減小體積。將DCM添加至反應器中,並且將反應器的內容物在20℃至30℃下攪拌直到形成澄清溶液。將反應器的內容物冷卻至0℃至5℃,並將亞硫醯氯緩慢填充到反應器中以保持5℃的溫度。將該反應溶液在17℃至25℃下攪拌。當反應完成時,將HCl(g)在1,4-二噁烷(大約4N,0.8當量)中的溶液緩慢填充到反應器中以保持溶液溫度在17℃和25℃之間。將產物3-(氯甲基)-2-(1-異丙基-1H-吡唑-5-基)吡啶二鹽酸鹽過濾,用二氯甲烷洗滌並乾燥。
用3-(氯甲基)-2-(1-異丙基-1H-吡唑-5-基)吡啶二鹽酸鹽(1當量)、碘化鈉(0.05當量)、碳酸氫鈉(4當量)、1-甲基-2-吡咯啶酮(NMP)和2,6-二羥基-苯甲醛(1至1.05當量)填充適當裝備的反應器。將該反應混合物緩慢加熱至40℃到50℃並攪拌直到反應完成。然後添加水,並且將該反應混合物冷卻並保持在17℃至25℃。當水添加完成時,將該反應混合物在17℃至25℃下攪拌並緩慢冷卻至0℃到5℃,並藉由過濾收集所得固體。將固體用0℃至5℃ 2:1水/NMP溶液洗滌,然後用0℃至5℃的水洗滌。將固體過濾並乾燥,以給出呈形式I的2-羥基-6-((2-(1-異丙基-1H-吡唑-5-基)-吡啶-3-基)甲氧基)苯甲醛,或呈形式I和NMP溶劑化物的2-羥基-6-((2-(1-異丙基-1H-吡唑-5-基)-吡啶-3-基)甲氧基)苯甲醛的混合物。
用3-(氯甲基)-2-(1-異丙基-1H-吡唑-5-基)吡啶二鹽酸鹽(1當量)、碘化鈉(0.05當量)、碳酸氫鈉(3至4當量)、1-甲基-2-吡咯啶酮(7當量,NMP)和2,6-二羥基苯甲醛(1.05當量)填充適當裝備的反應器。將該反應混合物加熱至40℃到50℃並攪拌直到反應完成。然後添加水(5當量),同時保持反應器的內容物在40℃至46℃,並將所得澄清溶液用2-羥基-6-((2-
(1-異丙基-1H-吡唑-5-基)-吡啶-3-基)甲氧基)苯甲醛形式I接種。添加另外的水(5當量),同時保持反應器的內容物在40℃至50℃,將反應器內容物冷卻至15℃至25℃,並將反應器內容物在15℃至25℃下攪拌至少1小時。收集固體,用1:2 NMP:水洗滌兩次並用水洗滌兩次,並乾燥,以產出2-羥基-6-((2-(1-異丙基-1H-吡唑-5-基)-吡啶-3-基)甲氧基)苯甲醛形式I,沒有呈NMP溶劑化物的2-羥基-6-((2-(1-異丙基-1H-吡唑-5-基)-吡啶-3-基)甲氧基)苯甲醛。
用粗2-羥基-6-((2-(1-異丙基-1H-吡唑-5-基)-吡啶-3-基)甲氧基)苯甲醛(來自以上實例3)和MTBE填充具有惰性氣氛的適當裝備的反應器,並將內容物在17℃至25℃下攪拌直至達到溶解。將該反應溶液通過0.45微米過濾器,並在約50℃下使用真空蒸餾減少MTBE溶劑體積。將濃縮溶液加熱至55℃至60℃以溶解任何結晶產物。當獲得澄清溶液時,將溶液冷卻至50℃至55℃並添加正庚烷。填充在正庚烷漿液中的2-羥基-6-((2-(1-異丙基-1H-吡唑-5-基)-吡啶-3-基)甲氧基)苯甲醛(例如形式II)晶種,並將該溶液在50℃至55℃下攪拌。將該溶液冷卻至45℃至50℃,並將正庚烷緩
慢添加至反應器中,同時保持45℃至50℃的反應溶液溫度。將該反應溶液在45℃至50℃下攪拌,並且然後緩慢冷卻至17℃到25℃。取樣品用於FTIR分析,並且當FTIR分析證實2-羥基-6-((2-(1-異丙基-1H-吡唑-5-基)-吡啶-3-基)甲氧基)-苯甲醛(形式II)時,結晶被認為係完全的。然後將反應器的內容物冷卻至0℃至5℃,並且分離固體並用冷的正庚烷洗滌並乾燥。
Claims (13)
- 如請求項1之方法,其中該甲醯化劑係正丁基鋰(n-BuLi)及二甲基甲醯胺(DMF)。
- 如請求項1之方法,其中該甲醯化劑係n-甲醯基嗎啉。
- 如請求項4之方法,其中該甲醯化劑係正丁基鋰及二甲基甲醯胺。
- 如請求項4之方法,其中該甲醯化劑係n-甲醯基嗎啉。
- 如請求項8之方法,其中該甲醯化劑係正丁基鋰及二甲基甲醯胺。
- 如請求項8之方法,其中該甲醯化劑係n-甲醯基嗎啉。
- 如請求項11之方法,其中該甲醯化劑係正丁基鋰及二甲基甲醯胺。
- 如請求項11之方法,其中該甲醯化劑係n-甲醯基嗎啉。
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