TW201702245A - 經取代之多環性吡啶酮衍生物及其前體藥物 - Google Patents
經取代之多環性吡啶酮衍生物及其前體藥物 Download PDFInfo
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- TW201702245A TW201702245A TW105113329A TW105113329A TW201702245A TW 201702245 A TW201702245 A TW 201702245A TW 105113329 A TW105113329 A TW 105113329A TW 105113329 A TW105113329 A TW 105113329A TW 201702245 A TW201702245 A TW 201702245A
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- 125000006253 t-butylcarbonyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(C(*)=O)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229940061367 tamiflu Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000005931 tert-butyloxycarbonyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(OC(*)=O)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000012085 test solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000005063 tetradecenyl group Chemical group C(=CCCCCCCCCCCCC)* 0.000 description 1
- UJJLJRQIPMGXEZ-SCSAIBSYSA-N tetrahydrofuran-2-carboxylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@H]1CCCO1 UJJLJRQIPMGXEZ-SCSAIBSYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003718 tetrahydrofuranyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000001712 tetrahydronaphthyl group Chemical group C1(CCCC2=CC=CC=C12)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001412 tetrahydropyranyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000005942 tetrahydropyridyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000003507 tetrahydrothiofenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- RAOIDOHSFRTOEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrothiophene Chemical compound C1CCSC1 RAOIDOHSFRTOEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000383 tetramethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 150000003536 tetrazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000003831 tetrazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- VLLMWSRANPNYQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiadiazole Chemical compound C1=CSN=N1.C1=CSN=N1 VLLMWSRANPNYQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001113 thiadiazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- AJZGFFKDLABHDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiazinane Chemical compound C1CCSNC1 AJZGFFKDLABHDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001984 thiazolidinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000335 thiazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- BRNULMACUQOKMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiomorpholine Chemical compound C1CSCCN1 BRNULMACUQOKMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004568 thiomorpholinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229930192474 thiophene Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 229940098465 tincture Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940098956 topical powder Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000004306 triazinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- OVCXRBARSPBVMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N triazolopyridine Chemical compound C=1N2C(C(C)C)=NN=C2C=CC=1C=1OC=NC=1C1=CC=C(F)C=C1 OVCXRBARSPBVMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001425 triazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000005040 tridecenyl group Chemical group C(=CCCCCCCCCCCC)* 0.000 description 1
- SZYJELPVAFJOGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylamine hydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.CN(C)C SZYJELPVAFJOGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003258 trimethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:2])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[*:1] 0.000 description 1
- UCPYLLCMEDAXFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphosgene Chemical compound ClC(Cl)(Cl)OC(=O)OC(Cl)(Cl)Cl UCPYLLCMEDAXFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HDYANYHVCAPMJV-USQUEEHTSA-N udp-glucuronic acid Chemical compound O([P@](O)(=O)O[P@](O)(=O)OC[C@H]1[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H](O1)N1C(NC(=O)C=C1)=O)O)O)[C@H]1O[C@@H](C(O)=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O HDYANYHVCAPMJV-USQUEEHTSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004704 ultra performance liquid chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000005065 undecenyl group Chemical group C(=CCCCCCCCCC)* 0.000 description 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000003612 virological effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005727 virus proliferation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008673 vomiting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000080 wetting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- C07D513/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed system at least one hetero ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for in groups C07D463/00, C07D477/00 or C07D499/00 - C07D507/00 in which the condensed system contains three hetero rings
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Abstract
本發明提供一種具有抗病毒作用之以下之化合物:
□A1為CR1AR1B、S或O;A2為CR2AR2B、S或O;A3為CR3AR3B、S或O;A4為CR4AR4B、S或O;此處,由A1、A2、A3、A4、與A1鄰接之氮原子、及與A4鄰接之碳原子所構成之成環原子之雜原子之數為1個或2個;R1A及R1B分別獨立為氫、鹵素、或烷基等;R2A及R2B分別獨立為氫、鹵素、或烷基等;R3A及R3B分別獨立為氫、鹵素、或烷基等;
R4A及R4B分別獨立為氫、鹵素、或烷基等;R3A及R3B可一起形成非芳香族碳環或非芳香族雜環;X為CH2、S或O;R1分別獨立為鹵素或羥基等;m為0~2之整數;n為1~2之整數)。
Description
本發明係關於一種表現出帽依賴性核酸內切酶(Cap-dependent endonuclease)抑制活性之經取代之多環性吡啶酮衍生物、其前體藥物、及含有該等之醫藥組合物。
流行性感冒係原因在於流行性感冒病毒之感染之急性呼吸器傳染病。在日本毎年冬季有數百萬人之流行性感冒患者之報告,且流行性感冒伴隨著較高之發病率與死亡率。對於嬰幼兒、老年人等高危人群而言,流行性感冒係尤其重要之疾病,且於老年人中肺炎之併發率較高,因流行性感冒而導致死亡之大部分人為老年人。
作為抗流行性感冒藥,公知有抑制病毒之脫核過程之鹽酸金剛烷胺(Symmetrel;商品名:金剛烷胺(Amantadine))或鹽酸金剛乙胺(Flumadine;商品名:金剛乙胺(Rimantadine))、抑制病毒自細胞出芽、釋出之神經胺酸酶抑制劑即奧司他韋(Oseltamivir;商品名:達菲(Tamiflu))或紮那米韋(Zanamivir;商品名:瑞樂砂(Relenza))。然而,有耐藥性菌株之出現或副作用之問題,又有病原性或致死性較高之新型流行性感冒病毒世界性大流行等之顧慮,因此期望開發出新穎機制之抗流行性感冒藥。
關於作為源自流行性感冒病毒之酶之帽依賴性核酸內切酶,由
於其係病毒增殖所必須者,且具有宿主所不具有之病毒特異性酶活性,故而認為該帽依賴性核酸內切酶適合抗流行性感冒藥之目標物。流行性感冒病毒之帽依賴性核酸內切酶係生成以宿主mRNA前驅物為受質且包含帽結構之9~13個鹼基(帽結構之鹼基並不包含於上述鹼基數量中)之片段之核酸內切酶活性。該片段係作為病毒RNA聚合酶之引子發揮功能,用於編碼病毒蛋白質之mRNA之合成。即,認為抑制帽依賴性核酸內切酶之物質藉由抑制病毒mRNA之合成而抑制病毒蛋白質之合成,結果抑制病毒增殖。
作為抑制帽依賴性核酸內切酶之化合物,報告有Flutimide(專利文獻1以及非專利文獻1及2)、4-取代2,4-二側氧丁酸(專利文獻2以及非專利文獻3及4)及近年來專利文獻3~12所記載之化合物等,但尚未於臨床上用作抗流行性感冒藥。專利文獻9及12記載有具有與本發明化合物類似之結構之化合物,但並未記載本案化合物。又,專利文獻13~15中記載有具有與本發明化合物類似之結構之化合物作為具有HIV整合酶抑制活性之化合物,但並無關於帽依賴性核酸內切酶之記載。再者,於專利文獻16及17中記載有已由申請人提出申請之具有與具有帽依賴性核酸內切酶抑制活性之本發明化合物類似之結構的化合物及其前體藥物,但並未記載本發明化合物。
[專利文獻1]GB第2280435號說明書
[專利文獻2]US第5475109號說明書
[專利文獻3]US第20130090300號說明書
[專利文獻4]國際公開第2013/057251號說明書
[專利文獻5]國際公開第2013/174930號說明書
[專利文獻6]國際公開第2014/023691號說明書
[專利文獻7]國際公開第2014/043252號說明書
[專利文獻8]國際公開第2014/074926號說明書
[專利文獻9]國際公開第2014/108406號說明書
[專利文獻10]國際公開第2014/108407號說明書
[專利文獻11]國際公開第2014/108408號說明書
[專利文獻12]國際公開第2015/038655號說明書
[專利文獻13]國際公開第2005/016927號說明書
[專利文獻14]國際公開第2006/066414號說明書
[專利文獻15]國際公開第2007/049675號說明書
[專利文獻16]國際公開第2010/147068號說明書
[專利文獻17]國際公開第2012/039414號說明書
[非專利文獻1]Tetrahedron Lett 1995, 36 (12), 2005
[非專利文獻2]Tetrahedron Lett 1995, 36 (12), 2009
[非專利文獻3]Antimicrobial Agents And Chemotherapy, Dec. 1994, p. 2827 - 2837
[非專利文獻4]Antimicrobial Agents And Chemotherapy, May 1996, p. 1304 - 1307
本發明之目的在於提供一種具有抗病毒作用、尤其是流行性感冒病毒之增殖抑制活性之化合物。本發明之另一目的在於提供一種藉由將用於向活體投予(例如,經口投予)之化合物進行前體藥物化,而於投予後被高效率地吸收至體內從而表現出較高之藥理效果之化合物。
本發明係提供以下所示之發明。
(1)一種化合物或其製藥上所容許之鹽,其由以下之式(I)所表示,
(式中,P為氫或形成前體藥物之PR基;A1為CR1AR1B、S或O;A2為CR2AR2B、S或O;A3為CR3AR3B、S或O;A4分別獨立為CR4AR4B、S或O;此處,由A1、A2、A3、A4、與A1鄰接之氮原子、及與A4鄰接之碳原子所構成之環之成環原子之雜原子之數為1個或2個;R1A及R1B分別獨立為氫、鹵素、烷基、鹵烷基、烷氧基、或苯基;R2A及R2B分別獨立為氫、鹵素、烷基、鹵烷基、烷氧基、或苯基;R3A及R3B分別獨立為氫、鹵素、烷基、鹵烷基、烷氧基、或苯基;R4A及R4B分別獨立為氫、鹵素、烷基、鹵烷基、烷氧基、或苯基;R3A及R3B亦可與鄰接之碳原子一起形成碳環或雜環;
X為CH2、S或O;R1分別獨立為鹵素、羥基、烷基、鹵烷基、或烷氧基;m為0~2之整數n為1~2之整數)
其中,以下之化合物除外,
(式中,各符號係與上述含義相同)。
(2)如上述(1)記載之化合物或其製藥上所容許之鹽,其中
(式中,各符號係上述(1)含義相同)
所表示之基為
(式中,R2、R3、R4及R5分別獨立為氫或氟原子,R2、R3、R4及R5之氟原子之數為1或2)。
(3)如上述(1)記載之化合物或其製藥上所容許之鹽,其中
(式中,各符號係上述(1)含義相同)
所表示之基為
(4)如上述(1)至(3)中任一項記載之化合物或其製藥上所容許之鹽,其中
(式中,各符號係上述(1)含義相同)
所表示之基為
(式中,各符號係上述(1)含義相同)。
(5)如上述(1)記載之化合物或其製藥上所容許之鹽,其由以下之任一式表示,
(式中,各符號係上述(1)含義相同)。
(6)如上述(1)記載之化合物或其製藥上所容許之鹽,其由以下之式表示,
(式中,各符號係上述(1)含義相同)。
(7)如上述(1)記載之化合物或其製藥上所容許之鹽,其由以下之式表示,
(式中,各符號係上述(1)含義相同)。
(8)如上述(1)記載之化合物或其製藥上所容許之鹽,其由以下之式表示,
(式中,各符號係上述(1)含義相同)。
(9)如上述(1)記載之化合物或其製藥上所容許之鹽,其由以下之式表示,
(式中,各符號係上述(1)含義相同)。
(10)如上述(1)記載之化合物或其製藥上所容許之鹽,其由以下之式表示,
(式中,各符號係上述(1)含義相同)。
(11)一種化合物或其製藥上所容許之鹽,其由以下之式表示,
(式中,P為氫或形成前體藥物之PR基)。
(12)如上述(1)至(11)中任一項記載之化合物或其製藥上所容許之鹽,其中PR為選自以下之式a)~ac)中之基;a)-C(=O)-PR0、b)-C(=O)-PR1、c)-C(=O)-L-PR1、d)-C(=O)-L-O-PR1、e)-C(=O)-L-O-L-O-PR1、f)-C(=O)-L-O-C(=O)-PR1、g)-C(=O)-O-PR2、h)-C(=O)-N(-K)(PR2)、i)-C(=O)-O-L-O-PR2、j)-C(PR3)2-O-PR4、k)-C(PR3)2-O-L-O-PR4、l)-C(PR3)2-O-C(=O)-PR4、m)-C(PR3)2-O-C(=O)-O-PR4、n)-C(PR3)2-O-C(=O)-N(-K)-PR4、o)-C(PR3)2-O-C(=O)-O-L-O-PR4、p)-C(PR3)2-O-C(=O)-O-L-N(PR4)2、q)-C(PR3)2-O-C(=O)-N(-K)-L-O-PR4、r)-C(PR3)2-O-C(=O)-N(-K)-L-N(PR4)2、s)-C(PR3)2-O-C(=O)-O-L-O-L-O-PR4、t)-C(PR3)2-O-C(=O)-O-L-N(-K)-C(=O)-PR4、u)-C(PR3)2-O-P(=O)(-PR5)2、v)-C(PR3)2-PR6、w)-C(=N+(PR7)2)(-N(PR7)2)、
x)-C(PR3)2-C(PR3)2-C(=O)-O-PR2、y)-C(PR3)2-N(-K)-C(=O)-O-PR2、z)-P(=O)(-PR8)(-PR9)、aa)-S(=O)2-PR10、ab)-PR11、及ac)-C(PR3)2-C(PR3)2-O-PR2、(式中,L為直鏈或支鏈狀之伸烷基、或者直鏈或支鏈狀之伸烯基,K為氫、或可經取代基群A取代之烷基,PR0為可經取代基群A取代之烷基、或可經取代基群A取代之烯基,PR1為可經取代基群A取代之碳環式基、可經取代基群A取代之雜環式基、可經取代基群A取代之烷基胺基、或可經取代基群A取代之烷基硫基,PR2為可經取代基群A取代之烷基、可經取代基群A取代之碳環式基、可經取代基群A取代之雜環式基、可經取代基群A取代之碳環烷基、可經取代基群A取代之雜環烷基、或三烷基矽烷基,PR3分別獨立為氫、烷基,PR4分別獨立為可經取代基群A取代之烷基、可經取代基群A取代之碳環式基、可經取代基群A取代之雜環式基、可經取代基群A取代之烷基胺基、可經取代基群A取代之碳環烷基、可經取代基群A取代之雜環烷基、或三烷基矽烷基,PR5分別獨立為羥基或OBn,PR6為可經取代基群A取代之碳環式基、或可經取代基群A取代之雜環式基,PR7分別獨立為可經取代基群A取代之烷基,
PR8為可經取代基群A取代之烷氧基,以及PR9為可經取代基群A取代之烷氧基、可經取代基群A取代之烷基胺基、可經取代基群A取代之碳環氧基、可經取代基群A取代之雜環氧基、可經取代基群A取代之碳環胺基、或可經取代基群A取代之雜環胺基,PR8及PR9亦可與鄰接之磷原子一起形成可經取代基群A取代之雜環,PR10為可經取代基群A取代之烷基、可經取代基群A取代之碳環式基、可經取代基群A取代之雜環式基、可經取代基群A取代之碳環烷基、或可經取代基群A取代之雜環烷基,PR11為可經取代基群A取代之烷基、可經取代基群A取代之烯基、可經取代基群A取代之碳環式基、或可經取代基群A取代之雜環式基;取代基群A;側氧基、烷基、羥基烷基、胺基、烷基胺基、碳環式基、雜環式基、碳環烷基、烷基羰基、鹵素、羥基、羧基、烷基羰基胺基、烷基羰基胺基烷基、烷基羰氧基、烷氧基羰基、烷氧基羰基烷基、烷氧基羰氧基、烷基胺基羰氧基、烷基胺基烷基、烷氧基、氰基、硝基、疊氮基、烷基磺醯基、三烷基矽烷基、及二氧磷基)。
(13)如上述(12)記載之化合物或其製藥上所容許之鹽,其中PR為選自以下之式中之基;a)-C(=O)-PR0、b)-C(=O)-PR1、g)-C(=O)-O-PR2、h)-C(=O)-N(-K)(PR2)、i)-C(=O)-O-L-O-PR2、l)-C(PR3)2-O-C(=O)-PR4、
m)-C(PR3)2-O-C(=O)-O-PR4、o)-C(PR3)2-O-C(=O)-O-L-O-PR4、v)-C(PR3)2-PR6、x)-C(PR3)2-C(PR3)2-C(=O)-O-PR2、y)-C(PR3)2-N(-K)-C(=O)-O-PR2、及z)-P(=O)(-PR8)(-PR9)、(式中,L為直鏈或支鏈狀之伸烷基;K為氫、或可經取代基群A取代之烷基,PR0為可經取代基群A取代之烷基,PR1為可經取代基群A取代之碳環式基、或可經取代基群A取代之雜環式基,PR2為可經取代基群A取代之烷基、可經取代基群A取代之碳環式基、可經取代基群A取代之雜環式基、可經取代基群A取代之碳環烷基、或可經取代基群A取代之雜環烷基,PR3分別獨立為氫、或烷基,PR4為可經取代基群A取代之烷基、可經取代基群A取代之碳環式基、或可經取代基群A取代之雜環式基,PR6為可經取代基群A取代之碳環式基、可經取代基群A取代之雜環式基,PR8為可經取代基群A取代之烷氧基,PR9為可經取代基群A取代之烷氧基、可經取代基群A取代之烷基胺基、可經取代基群A取代之碳環氧基、可經取代基群A取代之雜環氧基、可經取代基群A取代之碳環胺基、或可經取代基群A取代之雜環胺基,以及PR8及PR9亦可與鄰接之磷原子一起形成可經取代基群A取代之雜環;
取代基群A;側氧基、烷基、烷基胺基、碳環式基、雜環式基、烷基羰基、鹵素、羥基、烷基羰基胺基、烷基羰氧基、烷氧基羰基、烷氧基羰基烷基、烷基胺基羰氧基、烷氧基、硝基、疊氮基、烷基磺醯基、及三烷基矽烷基)。
(14)一種化合物或其製藥上所容許之鹽,其由以下之任一式表示,
(15)一種化合物或其製藥上所容許之鹽,其由以下之任一式表示,
(16)一種醫藥組合物,其含有如上述(1)至(15)中任一項記載之化合物、其製藥上所容許之鹽。
(17)如上述(16)記載之醫藥組合物,其具有抗病毒作用。
(18)如上述(16)記載之醫藥組合物,其具有帽依賴性核酸內切酶抑制作用。
(19)一種由具有帽依賴性核酸內切酶之病毒引起之疾病之治療或預防方法,其特徵在於:投予如上述(1)至(15)中任一項記載之化合物、或其製藥上所容許之鹽。
(20)如上述(1)至(15)中任一項記載之化合物或其製藥上所容許之鹽,其用以治療或預防由具有帽依賴性核酸內切酶之病毒引起之疾病。
(21)一種如上述(1)至(15)中任一項記載之化合物或其製藥上所容許之鹽之用途,其用以製造由具有帽依賴性核酸內切酶之病毒引起之疾病之治療或預防劑。
(22)一種用以經口投予之醫藥組合物,其含有如上述(1)至(15)中任一項記載之化合物、或其製藥上所容許之鹽。
(23)如(22)記載之醫藥組合物,其係片劑、散劑、顆粒劑、膠囊劑、丸劑、膜劑、懸浮劑、乳劑、酒劑、糖漿劑、檸檬劑、醑劑、芳香水劑、浸膏劑、煎劑或酊劑。
(24)如(16)記載之醫藥組合物,其係糖衣錠、膜衣錠、腸溶性包衣錠、緩釋錠、口含錠、舌下錠、口腔錠、咀嚼錠、口腔內崩解錠、乾糖漿劑、軟膠囊劑、微膠囊劑或緩釋性膠囊劑。
(25)一種用以非經口投予之醫藥組合物,其含有如上述(1)至(15)中任一項記載之化合物、或其製藥上所容許之鹽。
(26)如(25)記載之醫藥組合物,其係用以經皮、皮下、靜脈內、動脈內、肌內、腹腔內、經黏膜、吸入、經鼻、滴眼、滴耳或膣內投
予。
(27)如(25)或(26)記載之醫藥組合物,其係注射劑、點滴劑、滴眼劑、滴鼻劑、滴耳劑、霧劑、吸入劑、洗劑、注入劑、塗佈劑、含漱劑、灌腸劑、軟膏劑、硬膏劑、凝膠劑、乳霜劑、貼附劑、敷劑、外用散劑或栓劑。
(28)一種兒童用或老年人用之醫藥組合物,其含有如上述(1)至(15)中任一項記載之化合物、或其製藥上所容許之鹽。
(29)一種醫藥組合物,其由如上述(1)至(15)中任一項記載之化合物、或其製藥上所容許之鹽;與神經胺酸酶抑制劑、RNA依賴性RNA聚合酶抑制劑、M2蛋白質抑制劑、PB2 Cap結合抑制劑、抗HA抗體、或免疫作用藥之組合所構成。
(30)一種用以與神經胺酸酶抑制劑、RNA依賴性RNA聚合酶抑制劑、M2蛋白質抑制劑、PB2 Cap結合抑制劑、抗HA抗體、或免疫作用藥之併用療法之醫藥組合物,其含有如上述(1)至(15)中任一項記載之化合物、或其製藥上所容許之鹽。
本發明進而提供一種使用前體藥物化合物之流行性感冒傳染病之治療法或預防法、以及具有抗流行性感冒作用之上述化合物。本發明進而提供一種前體藥物化合物之母化合物。該母化合物係作為抗流行性感冒劑、或該前體藥物化合物之中間物有用。
本發明之化合物具有對帽依賴性核酸內切酶之抑制活性。更佳之化合物係前體藥物,由於在投予後於體內成為具有對帽依賴性核酸內切酶之抑制活性之母化合物,故而作為流行性感冒傳染病之治療劑及/或預防劑有用。
圖1係針對將作為母化合物之化合物III-2進行前體藥物化而成之
化合物II-6,測定於非斷食下向大鼠經口投予後之化合物III-2血漿中濃度推移而獲得之結果。
圖2係針對將作為母化合物之化合物III-2進行前體藥物化而成之化合物II-6,測定於非斷食下向大鼠經口投予後之化合物II-6血漿中濃度推移而獲得之結果。
以下對本說明書中所使用之各用語之含義進行說明。各用語只要沒有特別事先說明,則無論是於單獨使用之情形時,還是與其他用語組合使用之情形時,均以相同之含義使用。
「由…所構成」之一用語意指僅具有構成要素。
「包含」這一用語意指不限定於構成要素,不排除未記載之要素。
所謂「可經取代基群A取代」,意指可於任意位置經選自取代基群A中之1個或2個以上之相同或不同之取代基取代。
本說明書中之所謂「前體藥物」,係指以下之反應式:
(式中,各符號係與上述含義相同)
中之式(II)所示之化合物或其製藥上所容許之鹽,且意指於活體內之生理條件下利用由藥物代謝酶、水解酶、胃酸、腸內細菌等所引起之分解反應而轉換為式(III)所示之化合物,藉此表現出帽依賴性核
酸內切酶(CEN)抑制活性、及/或CPE抑制效果之化合物。
該前體藥物更佳為意指活體內投予時之生物利用率及/或AUC(血中濃度曲線下面積)較式(III)所示之化合物得到提高之化合物。
因此,該前體藥物在投予至活體(例如,經口投予)後於胃及/或腸等中被高效率地吸收至體內,其後被轉換為式(III)所示之化合物,因此較佳地表現出較式(III)所示之化合物高之流行性感冒治療/或預防效果。
所謂「
(式中,各符號係上述(1)含義相同)
所表示之基」之一態樣,可列舉:式:
(式中,R2、R3、R4及R5分別獨立為氫或氟原子,R2、R3、R4及R5之氟原子之數為1或2)所表示之基。
作為另一態樣,可列舉:式:
所表示之基,較佳為式:
所表示之基,尤佳為式:
所表示之基。
本說明書中之所謂「形成前體藥物之PR基」,係指以下之反應式:
(式中,各符號係上述含義相同)
之式(II)中之「PR」基,且表示於活體內之生理條件下利用由藥物代謝酶、水解酶、胃酸、腸內細菌等所引起之分解反應而將-OPR基之部分轉換為式(III)中之-OH基之基。
該「形成前體藥物之PR基」更佳為意指藉由加成於式(III)所示之化合物而使式(III)所示之化合物之生物利用率及/或AUC(血中濃度曲線下面積)提高之基。
作為形成前體藥物之PR基,例如可列舉:Prog.Med.5:2157-2161(1985)、及Supplied by The British Library-“The world's Knowledge"所記載之基。
式(I)或式(II)之「PR」基只要為於活體內將-OPR基轉換為-OH基之基即可,較佳為包含例如選自以下之式a)~ac)中之基。
a)-C(=O)-PR0、b)-C(=O)-PR1、c)-C(=O)-L-PR1、d)-C(=O)-L-O-PR1、e)-C(=O)-L-O-L-O-PR1、
f)-C(=O)-L-O-C(=O)-PR1、g)-C(=O)-O-PR2、h)-C(=O)-N(-K)(PR2)、i)-C(=O)-O-L-O-PR2、j)-C(PR3)2-O-PR4、k)-C(PR3)2-O-L-O-PR4、l)-C(PR3)2-O-C(=O)-PR4、m)-C(PR3)2-O-C(=O)-O-PR4、n)-C(PR3)2-O-C(=O)-N(-K)-PR4、o)-C(PR3)2-O-C(=O)-O-L-O-PR4、p)-C(PR3)2-O-C(=O)-O-L-N(PR4)2、q)-C(PR3)2-O-C(=O)-N(-K)-L-O-PR4、r)-C(PR3)2-O-C(=O)-N(-K)-L-N(PR4)2、s)-C(PR3)2-O-C(=O)-O-L-O-L-O-PR4、t)-C(PR3)2-O-C(=O)-O-L-N(-K)-C(=O)-PR4、u)-C(PR3)2-O-P(=O)(-PR5)2、v)-C(PR3)2-PR6(其中,苄基除外)、w)-C(=N+(PR7)2)(-N(PR7)2)、x)-C(PR3)2-C(PR3)2-C(=O)-O-PR2、y)-C(PR3)2-N(-K)-C(=O)-O-PR2、z)-P(=O)(-PR8)(-PR9)、aa)-S(=O)2-PR10、ab)-PR11、及ac)-C(PR3)2-C(PR3)2-O-PR2、(式中,L為直鏈或支鏈狀之伸烷基、或者直鏈或支鏈狀之伸烯基,
K為氫、或可經取代基群A取代之烷基,PR0為可經取代基群A取代之烷基、或可經取代基群A取代之烯基,PR1為可經取代基群A取代之碳環式基、可經取代基群A取代之雜環式基、可經取代基群A取代之烷基胺基、或可經取代基群A取代之烷基硫基,PR2為可經取代基群A取代之烷基、可經取代基群A取代之碳環式基、可經取代基群A取代之雜環式基、可經取代基群A取代之碳環烷基、可經取代基群A取代之雜環烷基、或三烷基矽烷基,PR3分別獨立為氫、或烷基,PR4分別獨立為可經取代基群A取代之烷基、可經取代基群A取代之碳環式基、可經取代基群A取代之雜環式基、可經取代基群A取代之烷基胺基、可經取代基群A取代之碳環烷基、可經取代基群A取代之雜環烷基、或三烷基矽烷基,PR5分別獨立為羥基或OBn,PR6為可經取代基群A取代之碳環式基、或可經取代基群A取代之雜環式基,PR7分別獨立為可經取代基群A取代之烷基,PR8為可經取代基群A取代之烷氧基,PR9為可經取代基群A取代之烷氧基、可經取代基群A取代之烷基胺基、可經取代基群A取代之碳環氧基、可經取代基群A取代之雜環氧基、可經取代基群A取代之碳環胺基、或可經取代基群A取代之雜環胺基,PR8及PR9亦可與鄰接之磷原子一起形成可經取代基群A取代之雜環,PR10為可經取代基群A取代之烷基、可經取代基群A取代之碳環式基、可經取代基群A取代之雜環式基、可經取代基群A取代之碳環
烷基、或可經取代基群A取代之雜環烷基,PR11為可經取代基群A取代之烷基、可經取代基群A取代之烯基、可經取代基群A取代之碳環式基、或可經取代基群A取代之雜環式基。
取代基群A;側氧基、烷基、羥基烷基、胺基、烷基胺基、碳環式基、雜環式基、碳環烷基、烷基羰基、鹵素、羥基、羧基、烷基羰基胺基、烷基羰基胺基烷基、烷基羰氧基、烷氧基羰基、烷氧基羰基烷基、烷氧基羰氧基、烷基胺基羰氧基、烷基胺基烷基、烷氧基、氰基、硝基、疊氮基、烷基磺醯基、三烷基矽烷基、及二氧磷基)。
形成前體藥物之PR基較佳為選自以下之基中之基。
a)-C(=O)-PR0、b)-C(=O)-PR1、g)-C(=O)-O-PR2、h)-C(=O)-N(-K)(PR2)、i)-C(=O)-O-L-O-PR2、l)-C(PR3)2-O-C(=O)-PR4、m)-C(PR3)2-O-C(=O)-O-PR4、o)-C(PR3)2-O-C(=O)-O-L-O-PR4、v)-C(PR3)2-PR6(其中,苄基除外)、x)-C(PR3)2-C(PR3)2-C(=O)-O-PR2、y)-C(PR3)2-N(-K)-C(=O)-O-PR2、及z)-P(=O)(-PR8)(-PR9)、(式中,L為直鏈或支鏈狀之伸烷基,K為氫、或可經取代基群A取代之烷基,PR0為可經取代基群A取代之烷基,PR1為可經取代基群A取代之碳環式基、或可經取代基群A取代之
雜環式基,PR2為可經取代基群A取代之烷基、可經取代基群A取代之碳環式基、可經取代基群A取代之雜環式基、可經取代基群A取代之碳環烷基、或可經取代基群A取代之雜環烷基,PR3分別獨立為氫、或烷基,PR4為可經取代基群A取代之烷基、可經取代基群A取代之碳環式基、或可經取代基群A取代之雜環式基,PR6為可經取代基群A取代之碳環式基、或可經取代基群A取代之雜環式基,PR8為可經取代基群A取代之烷氧基,PR9為可經取代基群A取代之烷氧基、可經取代基群A取代之烷基胺基、可經取代基群A取代之碳環氧基、可經取代基群A取代之雜環氧基、可經取代基群A取代之碳環胺基、或可經取代基群A取代之雜環胺基,以及PR8及PR9亦可與鄰接之磷原子一起形成可經取代基群A取代之雜環。
取代基群A;側氧基、烷基、烷基胺基、碳環式基、雜環式基、烷基羰基、鹵素、羥基、烷基羰基胺基、烷基羰氧基、烷氧基羰基、烷氧基羰基烷基、烷基胺基羰氧基、烷氧基、硝基、疊氮基、烷基磺醯基、及三烷基矽烷基)。
本說明書中之所謂「前體藥物化」,意指如以下之反應式:
(式中,各符號係與上述含義相同)
所示般,將式(III)或其製藥上所容許之鹽之羥基轉換為-OPR基。
本說明書中之所謂「母化合物」,意指合成上述「前體藥物」前之成為原料之化合物、及/或於活體內之生理條件下利用由酶或胃酸等引起之反應而自上述「前體藥物」釋出之化合物,具體而言,意指上述之式(III)所示之化合物、或其製藥上所容許之鹽或者該等之溶劑合。
所謂「鹵素」,包含氟原子、氯原子、溴原子、及碘原子。尤佳為氟原子、及氯原子。
所謂「烷基」,包含碳數1~15、較佳為碳數1~10、更佳為碳數1~6、進而較佳為碳數1~4之直鏈或支鏈狀之烴基。例如可列舉:甲基、乙基、正丙基、異丙基、正丁基、異丁基、第二丁基、第三丁基、正戊基、異戊基、新戊基、正己基、異己基、正庚基、異庚基、正辛基、異辛基、正壬基、正癸基等。
作為「烷基」之較佳態樣,可列舉:甲基、乙基、正丙基、異丙基、正丁基、異丁基、第二丁基、第三丁基、正戊基。作為進而較佳之態樣,可列舉:甲基、乙基、正丙基、異丙基、第三丁基。
所謂「烯基」,包含於任意之位置具有1個以上之雙鍵之碳數2~15、較佳為碳數2~10、更佳為碳數2~6、進而較佳為碳數2~4之直鏈或支鏈狀之烴基。例如可列舉:乙烯基、烯丙基、丙烯基、異丙烯基、丁烯基、異丁烯基、戊烯基、丁二烯基、戊烯基、異戊烯基、戊二烯基、己烯基、異己烯基、己二烯基、庚烯基、辛烯基、壬烯基、癸烯基、十一烯基、十二烯基、十三烯基、十四烯基、十五烯基等。
作為「烯基」之較佳態樣,可列舉:乙烯基、烯丙基、丙烯基、異丙烯基、丁烯基。
所謂「伸烷基」,包含碳數1~15、較佳為碳數1~10、更佳為碳
數1~6、進而較佳為碳數1~4之直鏈或支鏈狀之2價烴基。例如可列舉:亞甲基、伸乙基、三亞甲基、伸丙基、四亞甲基、伸戊基、六亞甲基等。
所謂「伸烯基」,包含於任意之位置具有1個以上之雙鍵之碳數2~15、較佳為碳數2~10、更佳為碳數2~6、進而較佳為碳數2~4之直鏈或支鏈狀之2價烴基。例如可列舉:伸乙烯基、伸丙烯基、伸丁烯基、伸戊烯基等。
所謂「羥基烷基」,意指上述「烷基」之與碳原子鍵結之氫原子經1個以上之羥基取代之基。例如可列舉:羥基甲基、1-羥基乙基、2-羥基乙基、1-羥基丙基、2-羥基丙基、1,2-羥基乙基等。
作為「羥基烷基」之較佳態樣,可列舉:羥基甲基。
所謂「烷氧基」,意指上述「烷基」鍵結於氧原子而成之基。例如可列舉:甲氧基、乙氧基、正丙氧基、異丙氧基、正丁氧基、第三丁氧基、異丁氧基、第二丁氧基、戊氧基、異戊氧基、己氧基等。
作為「烷氧基」之較佳態樣,可列舉:甲氧基、乙氧基、正丙氧基、異丙氧基、第三丁氧基。
所謂「鹵烷基」,包含上述「烷基」之與碳原子鍵結之氫原子經1個以上之上述「鹵素」取代之基。例如可列舉:單氟甲基、單氟乙基、單氟丙基、2,2,3,3,3-五氟丙基、單氯甲基、三氟甲基、三氯甲基、2,2,2-三氟乙基、2,2,2-三氯乙基、1,2-二溴乙基、1,1,1-三氟丙烷-2-基等。
作為「鹵烷基」之一態樣,可列舉:三氟甲基、三氯甲基。
所謂「烷基羰基」,意指上述「烷基」鍵結於羰基而成之基。例如可列舉:甲基羰基、乙基羰基、丙基羰基、異丙基羰基、第三丁基羰基、異丁基羰基、第二丁基羰基、戊基羰基、異戊基羰基、己基羰基等。
作為「烷基羰基」之較佳態樣,可列舉:甲基羰基、乙基羰基、正丙基羰基。
所謂「烷基胺基」,意指胺基之與氮原子鍵結之氫原子1個或2個經上述「烷基」取代之基。2個烷基可相同亦可不同。例如可列舉:甲基胺基、乙基胺基、異丙基胺基、二甲基胺基、二乙基胺基、N,N-二異丙基胺基、N-甲基-N-乙基胺基、N-異丙基-N-乙基胺基等。
作為「烷基胺基」之較佳態樣,可列舉:甲基胺基、乙基胺基、二甲基胺基、二乙基胺基。
所謂「烷基胺基烷基」,意指上述「烷基胺基」鍵結於上述「烷基」而成之基。
所謂「烷基胺基羰基」,意指上述「烷基胺基」鍵結於羰基而成之基。
所謂「烷基胺基羰氧基」,意指上述「烷基胺基羰基」鍵結於氧原子而成之基。
所謂「烷基羰基胺基」,意指胺基之與氮原子鍵結之氫原子1個經上述「烷基羰基」取代之基。例如可列舉:甲基羰基胺基、乙基羰基胺基、丙基羰基胺基、異丙基羰基胺基、第三丁基羰基胺基、異丁基羰基胺基、第二丁基羰基胺基等。
作為「烷基羰基胺基」之較佳態樣,可列舉:甲基羰基胺基、乙基羰基胺基。
所謂「烷基羰氧基」,意指上述「烷基羰基」鍵結於氧原子而成之基。例如可列舉:甲基羰氧基、乙基羰氧基、丙基羰氧基、異丙基羰氧基、第三丁基羰氧基、異丁基羰氧基、第二丁基羰氧基等。
作為「烷基羰氧基」之較佳態樣,可列舉:甲基羰氧基、乙基羰氧基。
所謂「烷基羰基胺基烷基」,意指上述「烷基羰基胺基」鍵結於
上述「烷基」而成之基。
所謂「烷氧基羰基」,意指上述「烷氧基」鍵結於羰基而成之基。例如可列舉:甲氧基羰基、乙氧基羰基、丙氧基羰基、異丙氧基羰基、第三丁氧基羰基、異丁氧基羰基、第二丁氧基羰基、戊氧基羰基、異戊氧基羰基、己氧基羰基等。
作為「烷氧基羰基」之較佳態樣,可列舉:甲氧基羰基、乙氧基羰基、丙氧基羰基。
所謂「烷氧基羰基烷基」,意指上述「烷氧基羰基」鍵結於上述「烷基」而成之基。
所謂「烷氧基羰氧基」,意指上述「烷氧基羰基」鍵結於氧原子而成之基。
所謂「烷基硫基」,意指硫基之與硫原子鍵結之氫原子經上述「烷基」取代之基。例如可列舉:甲基硫基、乙基硫基、正丙基硫基、異丙基硫基等。
所謂「烷基磺醯基」,包含上述「烷基」鍵結於磺醯基而成之基。例如可列舉:甲基磺醯基、乙基磺醯基、丙基磺醯基、異丙基磺醯基、第三丁基磺醯基、異丁基磺醯基、第二丁基磺醯基等。
作為「烷基磺醯基」之一態樣,可列舉:甲基磺醯基、乙基磺醯基。
所謂「三烷基矽烷基」,意指上述「烷基」3個鍵結於矽原子而成之基。3個烷基可相同亦可不同。例如可列舉:三甲基矽烷基、三乙基矽烷基、第三丁基二甲基矽烷基等。
所謂「碳環式基」,意指碳數3~20、較佳為碳數3~16、更佳為碳數4~12之碳環式基,包含芳香族碳環式基及非芳香族碳環式基。
所謂「芳香族碳環式基」,包含單環或2環以上之環狀芳香族烴基。例如可列舉:苯基、萘基、蒽基、菲基等。
作為「芳香族碳環式基」之一態樣,可列舉:苯基、1-萘基、2-萘基。作為另一態樣,可列舉:苯基。
所謂「非芳香族碳環式基」,包含單環或2環以上之環狀飽和烴基或環狀非芳香族不飽和烴基。2環以上之「非芳香族碳環式基」亦包含於單環或2環以上之非芳香族碳環式基上,上述「芳香族碳環式基」中之環縮合而成者。
進而,「非芳香族碳環式基」亦包含如下述般交聯之環式基、或形成螺環之環式基。
作為單環之非芳香族碳環式基,較佳為碳數3~16,更佳為碳數3~12,進而較佳為碳數3~8。例如可列舉:環丙基、環丁基、環戊基、環己基、環庚基、環辛基、環壬基、環癸基、環丙烯基、環丁烯基、環戊烯基、環己烯基、環庚烯基、環己二烯基等。
作為2環以上之非芳香族碳環式基,例如可列舉:二氫茚基、茚基、苊基、四氫萘基、茀基等。
作為「碳環」,意指碳數3~20、較佳為碳數3~16、更佳為碳數4~12之碳環,包含芳香族碳環及非芳香族碳環。
所謂「芳香族碳環」,包含單環或2環以上之環狀芳香族烴。例如可列舉:苯環、萘環、蒽環、菲環等。
作為「芳香族碳環」之一態樣,可列舉:苯環、萘環。作為另一態樣,可列舉:苯環。
所謂「非芳香族碳環」,包含單環或2環以上之環狀飽和烴或環狀非芳香族不飽和烴。2環以上之「非芳香族碳環」亦包含於單環或2環以上之非芳香族碳環上,上述「芳香族碳環」中之環縮合而成者。
進而,「非芳香族碳環」亦包含如下述般交聯之環、或形成螺環之環。
作為單環之非芳香族碳環,較佳為碳數3~16,更佳為碳數3~12,進而較佳為碳數3~8。例如可列舉:環丙烷、環丁烷、環戊烷、環己烷、環庚烷、環辛烷、環壬烷、環癸烷、環丙烯、環丁烯、環戊烯、環己烯、環庚烯、環己二烯等。
作為2環以上之非芳香族碳環,例如可列舉:茚滿、茚、乙烯合萘、四氫化萘、茀等。
作為「雜環式基」,包含於環內具有1個以上之任意地選自O、S及N中之相同或不同之雜原子的芳香族雜環式基及非芳香族雜環式基。
所謂「芳香族雜環式基」,包含於環內具有1個以上之任意地選自O、S及N中之相同或不同之雜原子的單環或2環以上之芳香族環式基。
2環以上之「芳香族雜環式基」亦包含於單環或2環以上之芳香族雜環式基上,上述「芳香族碳環式基」中之環縮合而成者。
作為單環之芳香族雜環式基,較佳為5~8員,更佳為5員或6
員。例如可列舉:吡咯基、咪唑基、吡唑基、吡啶基、嗒基、嘧啶基、吡基、三唑基、三嗪基、四唑基、呋喃基、噻吩基、異唑基、唑基、二唑基、異噻唑基、噻唑基、噻二唑基等。
作為2環之芳香族雜環式基,例如可列舉:吲哚基、異吲哚基、吲唑基、吲哚嗪基、喹啉基、異喹啉基、啉基、呔基、喹唑啉基、萘啶基、喹喏啉基、嘌呤基、喋啶基、苯并咪唑基、苯并異唑基、苯并唑基、苯并二唑基、苯并異噻唑基、苯并噻唑基、苯并噻二唑基、苯并呋喃基、異苯并呋喃基、苯并噻吩基、苯并三唑基、咪唑吡啶基、三唑并吡啶基、咪唑噻唑基、吡嗪并嗒基、唑并吡啶基、噻唑并吡啶基等。
作為3環以上之芳香族雜環式基,例如可列舉:咔唑基、吖啶基、基、啡噻嗪基、啡惡噻基、啡基、二苯并呋喃基等。
所謂「非芳香族雜環式基」,包含於環內具有1個以上之任意地選自O、S及N中之相同或不同之雜原子的單環或2環以上之環狀非芳香族環式基。
2環以上之「非芳香族雜環式基」亦包含於單環或2環以上之非芳香族雜環式基上,上述「芳香族碳環式基」、「非芳香族碳環式基」、及/或「芳香族雜環式基」中之各環縮合而成者。
進而,「非芳香族雜環式基」亦包含如下述般交聯之基、或形成螺環之基。
作為單環之非芳香族雜環式基,較佳為3~8員,更佳為5員或6員。例如可列舉:二氧雜環己基、噻喃基、環氧乙烷基、氧雜環丁基、氧硫雜環戊基、氮雜環丁基、噻烷基、噻唑烷基、吡咯啶基、吡咯啉基、咪唑啶基、咪唑啉基、吡唑啶基、吡唑啉基、哌啶基、哌嗪基、嗎啉基、N-嗎啉基、硫代嗎啉基、硫代N-嗎啉基、二氫吡啶基、四氫吡啶基、四氫呋喃基、四氫吡喃基、二氫噻唑基、四氫噻唑基、四氫異噻唑基、二氫基、六氫氮呯基、四氫二氮呯基、四氫嗒基、六氫嘧啶基、二氧雜環戊烷基、二基、氮丙啶基、二氧戊環基、氧雜環庚基、四氫噻吩基、噻吩基、噻基等。
作為2環以上之非芳香族雜環式基,例如可列舉:吲哚啉基、異吲哚啉基、基、異基等。
作為「雜環」,包含於環內具有1個以上之任意地選自O、S及N中之相同或不同之雜原子的芳香族雜環及非芳香族雜環。
所謂「芳香族雜環」,包含於環內具有1個以上之任意地選自O、S及N中之相同或不同之雜原子的單環或2環以上之芳香族環。
2環以上之「芳香族雜環」亦包含於單環或2環以上之芳香族雜環上,上述「芳香族碳環」中之環縮合而成者。
作為單環之芳香族雜環,較佳為5~8員,更佳為5員或6員。例如可列舉:吡咯、咪唑、吡唑、吡啶、嗒、嘧啶、吡、三唑、三、四唑、呋喃、噻吩、異唑、唑、二唑、異噻唑、噻唑、噻二唑等。
作為2環之芳香族雜環,例如可列舉:吲哚啉、異吲哚啉、吲唑、吲哚嗪、喹啉、異喹啉、啉、酞、喹唑啉、萘啶、喹惡啉、嘌呤、喋啶、苯并咪唑、苯并異唑、苯并唑、苯并二唑、苯并異噻唑、苯并噻唑、苯并噻二唑、苯并呋喃、異苯并呋喃、苯并噻吩、苯并三唑、咪唑并吡啶、三唑并吡啶、咪唑噻唑、吡嗪并嗒、
唑并吡啶、噻唑并吡啶等。
作為3環以上之芳香族雜環,例如可列舉:咔唑、吖啶、、酚噻嗪、吩噻噁、啡、二苯并呋喃等。
所謂「非芳香族雜環」,包含於環內具有1個以上之任意地選自氧原子、硫原子及氮原子中之相同或不同之雜原子的單環或2環以上之環狀非芳香族環。
2環以上之「非芳香族雜環」亦包含於單環或2環以上之非芳香族雜環上,上述「芳香族碳環」、「非芳香族碳環」、及/或「芳香族雜環」中之各環縮合而成者。
進而,「非芳香族雜環」亦包含如下述般交聯之環、或形成螺環之環。
作為單環之非芳香族雜環,較佳為3~8員,更佳為5員或6員。例如可列舉:二烷、環硫乙烷基、環氧乙烷、氧雜環丁烷、氧硫雜環戊烷、吖丁啶、噻烷、四氫噻唑、吡咯啶、吡咯啉、咪唑啶、咪唑啉、吡唑啶、吡唑啉、哌啶、哌、嗎啉、硫代嗎啉、二氫吡啶、四氫吡啶、四氫呋喃、四氫吡喃、二氫噻唑啉、四氫噻唑啉、四氫異噻唑啉、二氫、六氫氮呯、四氫二氮呯、四氫嗒、六氫嘧啶、二氧戊環、二、氮丙啶、二氧雜環戊烷、氧雜環庚烷、硫雜環戊烷、噻嗪等。
作為2環以上之非芳香族雜環,例如可列舉:吲哚啉、異吲哚
啉、唍、異唍等。
「碳環烷基」、「碳環氧基」、及「碳環胺基」之碳環部分亦與上述「碳環」相同
「雜環烷基」、「雜環氧基」、及「雜環胺基」之雜環部分亦與上述「雜環」相同。
本發明之化合物之特徵在於如下方面:將鍵結有2個3環之縮合環之化合物進行光學分割,藉此帽依賴性核酸內切酶抑制活性得到提高。
本發明之化合物之其他特徵在於如下方面:藉由導入形成前體藥物之PR基,而於投予至活體後(例如,經口投予)被高效率地吸收至體內從而表現出較高之藥效。
本發明之化合物之一個以上之氫、碳及/或其他原子可分別被氫、碳及/或其他原子之同位素取代。作為此種同位素之例,分別如2H、3H、11C、13C、14C、15N、18O、17O、31P、32P、35S、18F、123I及36Cl般包含氫、碳、氮、氧、磷、硫、氟、碘及氯。本發明之化合物亦包含經此種同位素取代之化合物。該經同位素取代之化合物亦作為醫藥品有用,且包含本發明之化合物之全部放射性標記物。又,用以製造該「放射性標記物」之「放射性標記化方法」亦包含於本發明中,該「放射性標記物」作為代謝藥物動力學研究、結合分析中之研究及/或診斷之工具有用。
本發明之化合物之放射性標記物可利用該技術領域中周知之方法進行製備。例如,本發明之化合物之氚標記化合物可藉由利用使用氚之觸媒脫鹵素反應,將氚導入至本發明之特定化合物中而進行製備。該方法包含如下步驟:於適當之觸媒、例如Pd/C之存在下、鹼之存在下或非存在下,使本發明之化合物適當經鹵素取代後之前驅物與氚氣進行反應。用以製備氚標記化合物之其他適當方法可參照
“Isotopes in the Physical and Biomedical Sciences,Vol.1,Labeled Compounds(Part A),Chapter 6(1987年)”。14C-標記化合物可藉由使用具有14C碳之原料而進行製備。
作為本發明之化合物之製藥上所容許之鹽,例如可列舉:本發明之化合物、與鹼金屬(例如,鋰、鈉、鉀等)、鹼土金屬(例如,鈣、鋇等)、鎂、過渡金屬(例如,鋅、鐵等)、氨、有機鹼(例如,三甲胺、三乙胺、二環己基胺、乙醇胺、二乙醇胺、三乙醇胺、葡甲胺、乙二胺、吡啶、甲基吡啶、喹啉等)及胺基酸之鹽;或者與無機酸(例如,鹽酸、硫酸、硝酸、碳酸、氫溴酸、磷酸、氫碘酸等)、及有機酸(例如,甲酸、乙酸、丙酸、三氟乙酸、檸檬酸、乳酸、酒石酸、草酸、馬來酸、富馬酸、苦杏仁酸、戊二酸、蘋果酸、苯甲酸、鄰苯二甲酸、抗壞血酸、苯磺酸、對甲苯磺酸、甲磺酸、乙磺酸等)之鹽。尤其是可列舉與鹽酸、硫酸、磷酸、酒石酸、甲磺酸之鹽等。該等鹽可藉由通常進行之方法而形成。
本發明之化合物或其製藥上所容許之鹽有形成溶劑合物(例如,水合物等)及/或多晶型之情形,本發明亦包含上述各種之溶劑合物及多晶型。「溶劑合物」亦可對本發明之化合物,配位任意數量之溶劑分子(例如,水分子等)。藉由將本發明之化合物或其製藥上所容許之鹽放置於大氣中,而有吸收水分而吸附水附著之情形、或者形成水合物之情形。又,藉由將本發明之化合物或其製藥上所容許之鹽進行再結晶,而有形成多晶型之情形。
PR基較佳為投予至活體(例如,經口投予)後利用藥物代謝酶、水解酶、胃酸、及/或腸內細菌等之作用而轉換為OH基之基。
作為PR之更佳態樣,可列舉:選自以下之式a)~ac)中之基。
a)-C(=O)-PR0、b)-C(=O)-PR1、
c)-C(=O)-L-PR1、d)-C(=O)-L-O-PR1、e)-C(=O)-L-O-L-O-PR1、f)-C(=O)-L-O-C(=O)-PR1、g)-C(=O)-O-PR2、h)-C(=O)-N(-K)(PR2)、i)-C(=O)-O-L-O-PR2、j)-C(PR3)2-O-PR4、k)-C(PR3)2-O-L-O-PR4、l)-C(PR3)2-O-C(=O)-PR4、m)-C(PR3)2-O-C(=O)-O-PR4、n)-C(PR3)2-O-C(=O)-N(-K)-PR4、o)-C(PR3)2-O-C(=O)-O-L-O-PR4、p)-C(PR3)2-O-C(=O)-O-L-N(PR4)2、q)-C(PR3)2-O-C(=O)-N(-K)-L-O-PR4、r)-C(PR3)2-O-C(=O)-N(-K)-L-N(PR4)2、s)-C(PR3)2-O-C(=O)-O-L-O-L-O-PR4、t)-C(PR3)2-O-C(=O)-O-L-N(-K)-C(=O)-PR4、u)-C(PR3)2-O-P(=O)(-PR5)2、v)-C(PR3)2-PR6(其中,苄基除外)、w)-C(=N+(PR7)2)(-N(PR7)2)、x)-C(PR3)2-C(PR3)2-C(=O)-O-PR2、y)-C(PR3)2-N(-K)-C(=O)-O-PR2、z)-P(=O)(-PR8)(-PR9)、aa)-S(=O)2-PR10、ab)-PR11、及
ac)-C(PR3)2-C(PR3)2-O-PR2、(式中,L為直鏈或支鏈狀之伸烷基、或者直鏈或支鏈狀之伸烯基,K為氫、或可經取代基群A取代之烷基,PR0為可經取代基群A取代之烷基、或可經取代基群A取代之烯基,PR1為可經取代基群A取代之碳環式基、可經取代基群A取代之雜環式基、可經取代基群A取代之烷基胺基、或可經取代基群A取代之烷基硫基,PR2為可經取代基群A取代之烷基、可經取代基群A取代之碳環式基、可經取代基群A取代之雜環式基、可經取代基群A取代之碳環烷基、可經取代基群A取代之雜環烷基、或三烷基矽烷基,PR3分別獨立為氫、或烷基,PR4分別獨立為可經取代基群A取代之烷基、可經取代基群A取代之碳環式基、可經取代基群A取代之雜環式基、可經取代基群A取代之烷基胺基、可經取代基群A取代之碳環烷基、可經取代基群A取代之雜環烷基、或三烷基矽烷基,PR5分別獨立為羥基或苄氧基,PR6為可經取代基群A取代之碳環式基、或可經取代基群A取代之雜環式基,PR7分別獨立為可經取代基群A取代之烷基,PR8為可經取代基群A取代之烷氧基,PR9為可經取代基群A取代之烷氧基、可經取代基群A取代之烷基胺基、可經取代基群A取代之碳環氧基、可經取代基群A取代之雜環氧基、可經取代基群A取代之碳環胺基、或可經取代基群A取代之雜環胺基,
PR8及PR9亦可與鄰接之磷原子一起形成可經取代基群A取代之雜環,PR10為可經取代基群A取代之烷基、可經取代基群A取代之碳環式基、可經取代基群A取代之雜環式基、可經取代基群A取代之碳環烷基、或可經取代基群A取代之雜環烷基,PR11為可經取代基群A取代之烷基、可經取代基群A取代之烯基、可經取代基群A取代之碳環式基、或可經取代基群A取代之雜環式基。
取代基群A;側氧基、烷基、羥基烷基、胺基、烷基胺基、碳環式基、雜環式基、碳環烷基、烷基羰基、鹵素、羥基、羧基、烷基羰基胺基、烷基羰基胺基烷基、烷基羰氧基、烷氧基羰基、烷氧基羰基烷基、烷氧基羰氧基、烷基胺基羰氧基、烷基胺基烷基、烷氧基、氰基、硝基、疊氮基、烷基磺醯基、三烷基矽烷基、及二氧磷基)。
作為PR之進而較佳之態樣,可列舉以下之基。
a)-C(=O)-PR0、b)-C(=O)-PR1、g)-C(=O)-O-PR2、h)-C(=O)-N(-K)(PR2)、i)-C(=O)-O-L-O-PR2、l)-C(PR3)2-O-C(=O)-PR4、m)-C(PR3)2-O-C(=O)-O-PR4、o)-C(PR3)2-O-C(=O)-O-L-O-PR4、v)-C(PR3)2-PR6(其中,苄基除外)、x)-C(PR3)2-C(PR3)2-C(=O)-O-PR2、y)-C(PR3)2-N(-K)-C(=O)-O-PR2、及z)-P(=O)(-PR8)(-PR9)、
(式中,L為直鏈或支鏈狀之伸烷基,K為氫、或可經取代基群A取代之烷基,PR0為可經取代基群A取代之烷基,PR1為可經取代基群A取代之碳環式基、或可經取代基群A取代之雜環式基,PR2為可經取代基群A取代之烷基、可經取代基群A取代之碳環式基、可經取代基群A取代之雜環式基、可經取代基群A取代之碳環烷基、或可經取代基群A取代之雜環烷基,PR3分別獨立為氫、或烷基,PR4為可經取代基群A取代之烷基、可經取代基群A取代之碳環式基、或可經取代基群A取代之雜環式基,PR6為可經取代基群A取代之碳環式基、或可經取代基群A取代之雜環式基,PR8為可經取代基群A取代之烷氧基,PR9為可經取代基群A取代之烷氧基、可經取代基群A取代之烷基胺基、可經取代基群A取代之碳環氧基、可經取代基群A取代之雜環氧基、可經取代基群A取代之碳環胺基、或可經取代基群A取代之雜環胺基,以及PR8及PR9亦可與鄰接之磷原子一起形成可經取代基群A取代之雜環。
取代基群A;側氧基、烷基、烷基胺基、碳環式基、雜環式基、烷基羰基、鹵素、羥基、烷基羰基胺基、烷基羰氧基、烷氧基羰基、烷氧基羰基烷基、烷基胺基羰氧基、烷氧基、硝基、疊氮基、烷基磺醯基、及三烷基矽烷基)。
作為PR之較佳取代基之另一態樣,可列舉以下之基。
(本發明之化合物之製造法)
將本發明之化合物之通常製造法例示於以下。又,提取、純化等只要進行於通常之有機化學之實驗中進行之處理即可。
本發明之化合物之合成可一面參考該領域中公知之手法一面實施。
原料化合物可應用市售之化合物、本說明書中所記載者、本說明書中所引用之文獻所記載者、及其他之公知化合物。
於欲取得本發明之化合物之鹽時,於以鹽之形態獲得本發明之
化合物之情形時,直接進行純化即可,又,於以游離之形態獲得本發明之化合物之情形時,只要溶解或懸浮於適當之有機溶劑中,添加酸或鹼並藉由通常之方法形成鹽即可。
又,本發明之化合物及其製藥上所容許之鹽亦有以與水或各種溶劑之加成物(水合物或溶劑合物)之形態存在之情況,但該等加成物亦包含於本發明中。
於通常之合成法以及參考例、實施例、及中間物合成例中,各縮寫之含義係如下所述。
Boc:第三丁氧基羰基
DBU:二氮雜雙環十一烯
DMA:N,N-二甲基乙醯胺
DMF:N,N-二甲基甲醯胺
HATU:O-(7-氮雜苯并三唑-1-基)-N,N,N',N'-四甲基脲鎓六氟磷酸鹽
NMP:N-甲基吡咯啶酮
OBn:苄氧基
THF:四氫呋喃
T3P:丙基膦酸酐
WSC‧HCl:N-乙基-N'-(3-二甲基胺基丙基)碳二醯亞胺鹽酸鹽
再者,「楔形」及「虛線」係表示絕對構型(absolute configuration)。
(製法1)
(式中,P1為OH之保護基;RP為縮醛之保護基;L為脫離基;其他各符號係與上述含義相同)。
於DMF、THF、二氯甲烷、乙腈等溶劑中或該等之混合溶劑中,且於二環己基碳二醯亞胺、羰基二咪唑、二環己基碳二醯亞胺-N-羥基苯并三唑、4-(4,6-二甲氧基-1,3,5,-三-2-基)-4-甲基嗎啉鹽酸鹽、2-(7-氮雜-1H-苯并三唑-1-基)-1,1,3,3-四甲基脲鎓六氟磷酸鹽、WSC‧HCl、HATU等脫水縮合劑存在下向化合物A1添加化合物A2,以-20℃~60℃、較佳為-10℃~40℃反應0.1小時~24小時、較佳為1小時~12小時,藉此可獲得化合物A3。
或者,於THF、二烷、二氯甲烷、DMF等溶劑之存在下,且於吡啶、三乙胺、二異丙基乙基胺、1-甲基咪唑等鹼之存在下或非存在下向化合物A1添加氯磷酸二苯酯(diphenylchlorophosphate)、亞硫醯氯、草醯氯等醯化試劑,藉此使醯氯生成,添加化合物A2,以-20℃~60℃、較佳為-10℃~40℃反應0.1小時~24小時、較佳為0.5小時~12小時,藉此可獲得化合物A3。
於DMF、DMA、NMP、THF等溶劑之存在下,向化合物A3添加碳酸鉀、碳酸鈉、O-(2,4-二硝基苯基)羥基胺,以10℃~60℃、較佳為20℃~40℃反應0.1小時~48小時、較佳為1小時~24小時,藉此可獲得化合物A4。
化合物A4之縮醛保護基之脫保護反應可利用Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis,Theodora W Green(John Wiley & Sons)等所記載之通常方法進行。其後,使所生成之醛基進行分子內反應,藉此可獲得化合物A5。
例如,於DMF、甲苯、THF等溶劑之存在下,向化合物A4添加乙酸及/或對甲苯磺酸、甲磺酸等,以10℃~80℃、較佳為30℃~60℃反應0.5小時~12小時、較佳為1小時~6小時,藉此可獲得化合物A5之外消旋體。利用SFC(Supercritical Fluid Chromatography,超臨界流體層析法)或HPLC(High performance liquid chromatography,高效液相層析法)系統(手性管柱)將化合物A5之外消旋體進行光學分割,藉此可獲得化合物A5。
於DMF、DMA、NMP、THF等溶劑之存在下或該等之混合溶劑中,向化合物A5添加化合物A6及碳酸鈉、碳酸鉀、碳酸銫等鹼,以0
℃~60℃、較佳為10℃~40℃反應0.1小時~48小時、較佳為1小時~24小時反應,藉此可獲得化合物A7。
又,於DMF、乙酸乙酯、乙酸丁酯、1,4-二烷等溶劑之存在下或該等之混合溶劑中,向化合物A5添加化合物A6及T3P、甲磺酸或對甲苯磺酸,以40℃~150℃、較佳為60℃~120℃反應0.1小時~48小時、較佳為1小時~24小時,藉此可獲得化合物A7。
化合物A7之羥基之保護基之脫保護反應可利用Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis,Theodora W Green(John Wiley & Sons)等所記載之通常方法進行。
可藉由將化合物(II)之羥基轉換為酯基或醚基之通常方法而獲得化合物(III)。
例如,可應用Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis,Theodora W Green(John Wiley & Sons)、Prog.Med.5:2157-2161(1985)、及Supplied by The British Library-“The world's Knowledge”等所記載之方法。
(製法2)
(式中,P2為NH之保護基;L1及L2為脫離基;其他各符號係與上述含義相同)。
於DMF、THF、二氯甲烷、乙腈等溶劑中或該等之混合溶劑中,向化合物B1添加碘甲烷等鹵代烷,並於二氮雜雙環十一烯等鹼存在下添加化合物A2,以-20℃~60℃、較佳為-10℃~40℃反應0.1小時~24小時、較佳為1小時~12小時,藉此可獲得化合物B2。
或者,於THF、二烷、二氯甲烷、DMF等溶劑中或該等之混合
溶劑中,向化合物B1添加氯磷酸二苯酯(diphenylchlorophosphate)、亞硫醯氯、草醯氯等醯化試劑,藉此使醯氯生成,於吡啶、三乙胺、二異丙基乙基胺、1-甲基咪唑等鹼之存在下或非存在下添加醇,以-20℃~60℃、較佳為-10℃~40℃反應0.1小時~24小時、較佳為0.5小時~12小時,藉此可獲得化合物B2。
於THF、二烷、二氯甲烷、DMF等溶劑中或該等之混合溶劑中,使化合物B2與對甲苯磺酸吡啶鎓及Boc肼等經保護之肼進行作用,以10℃~150℃、較佳為40℃~100℃反應1小時~48小時、較佳為1小時~24小時,藉此可獲得化合物B3。
化合物B3之胺基之保護基之脫保護反應可利用Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis,Theodora W Green(John Wiley & Sons)等所記載之通常方法進行。
於THF、二烷、二氯甲烷、DMF等溶劑中或該等之混合溶劑中,使化合物B5於-100℃~0℃下與正丁基鋰等強鹼進行作用後,與鹵甲酸烷基酯反應0.1小時~48小時、較佳為1小時~24小時,藉此可獲得化合物B6。
於THF、二烷、二氯甲烷、DMF等溶劑中或該等之混合溶劑中,使化合物B6於-100℃~0℃下與氫化二異丁基鋁鋰等還原劑反應0.1小時~48小時、較佳為1小時~24小時,藉此可獲得化合物B7。
使化合物B7溶解於乙醇中,使之於0℃~100℃下與對甲苯磺酸或甲磺酸反應0.1小時~48小時、較佳為1小時~24小時,藉此可獲得
化合物B8。
於THF、二烷、二氯甲烷、DMF等溶劑中或該等之混合溶劑中,使化合物B9於-40℃~40℃下且於吡啶、三乙胺、二異丙基乙基胺、1-甲基咪唑等鹼之存在下或非存在下與鹵甲酸烷基酯反應0.1小時~48小時、較佳為1小時~24小時,藉此可獲得化合物B10。
使化合物B10溶解於乙醇中,並將碳電極(陽極)與鉑電極(陰極)浸漬於碳酸鉀等鹼與過氯酸四乙基銨中,一面攪拌0.1小時~48小時、較佳為1小時~24小時一面使0.1~1.0A之定電流通過,藉此可獲得化合物B8。
使用化合物B4與化合物B8而實施製法1之第3~6步驟,藉此可獲得化合物(I)。
本發明化合物具有帽依賴性核酸內切酶抑制作用。因此,本發明化合物作為流行性感冒之治療劑及/或預防劑有用。
本發明化合物不僅具有帽依賴性核酸內切酶抑制作用,亦具有作為醫藥之有用性,且具有下述任一種、或全部之優異特徵。
a)對CYP酶(例如,CYP1A2、CYP2C9、CYP2C19、CYP2D6、CYP3A4等)之抑制作用較弱。
b)表現出較高之生物利用率、適度之清除率等良好之藥物動態。
c)代謝穩定性較高。
d)於本說明書中所記載之測定條件之濃度範圍內,對CYP酶(例如,CYP3A4)未表現出不可逆之抑制作用。
e)不具有誘突變性。
f)心血管系統之危險性較低。
g)表現出較高之溶解性。
h)不具有光敏性。
以治療上述疾病為目的而將本發明化合物向人類投予之情形時,可以散劑、顆粒劑、片劑、膠囊劑、丸劑、液劑等之形式進行經口投予,或者以注射劑、栓劑、經皮吸收劑、吸入劑等之形式進行非經口投予。又,可視需要向本化合物之有效量混合適合其劑型之賦形劑、結合劑、濕潤劑、崩解劑、潤滑劑等醫藥用添加劑,而製成醫藥製劑。於注射劑之情形時,與適當之載體一起進行滅菌處理而製成製劑。
於投予本發明之醫藥組合物之情形時,可利用經口、非經口中之任一種方法進行投予。於經口投予時,只要依據常法,製備為片劑、顆粒劑、散劑、膠囊劑等通常所使用之劑型而投予即可。於非經口投予時,即便為注射劑等通常所使用之任一種劑型,亦可較佳地進行投予。本發明之化合物之經口吸收性較高,因此可較佳地用作經口劑。
可視需要向本發明化合物之有效量混合適合其劑型之賦形劑、結合劑、崩解劑、潤滑劑等各種醫藥用添加劑而製成醫藥組合物。
投予量係根據疾病之狀態、投予路徑、患者之年齢、或體重而不同,於向成人經口投予之情形時,通常為0.1~100mg/kg/天,較佳為1~20mg/kg/天。
本發明之醫藥組合物之投予量較理想為考慮患者之年齡、體重、疾病之種類或程度、投予經路等後進行設定,於向成人經口投予之情形時,通常為0.05~100mg/kg/天,較佳為0.1~10mg/kg/天之範圍內。於非經口投予之情形時,本發明之醫藥組合物之投予量係根據投予經路而有較大差異,但通常為0.005~10mg/kg/天,較佳為0.01~1mg/kg/天之範圍內。只要將其以1天1次~分數次之方式進行投予即可。
本發明化合物可為了增強該化合物之作用或減少該化合物之投予量等而與其他藥劑等(以下,簡稱為併用藥劑)組合使用。例如於流行性感冒之疾病中,可與神經胺酸酶抑制劑(例如,奧司他韋、紮那米韋、帕拉米韋及Inavir等)、RNA依賴性RNA聚合酶抑制劑(例如,法匹拉韋(Favipiravir))、M2蛋白質抑制劑(例如金剛胺(Amantadine))、PB2 Cap結合抑制劑(例如,VX-787)、抗HA抗體(例如,MHAA4549A)、或免疫作用藥(例如,硝唑尼特(Nitazoxanide))組合使用。此時,本發明化合物與併用藥劑之投予時期並無限定,可將該等同時投予至投予對象,亦可隔著時間差進行投予。進而,本發明化合物與併用藥劑可以包含各活性成分之2種以上之製劑之形式進行投予,亦可以包含全部活性成分之單一製劑之形式進行投予。
併用藥劑之投予量可以臨床上所使用之用量為基準而適當地進行選擇。又,本發明化合物與併用藥劑之調配比可根據投予對象、投予路徑、對象疾病、症狀、組合等而適當地進行選擇。例如,於投予對象為人類之情形時,只要相對於本發明化合物1重量份,使用併用藥劑0.01~100重量份即可。
於以下列舉本發明之實施例、參考例及中間物合成例、以及試驗例而對本發明進一步詳細地進行說明,但本發明並不受該等限定。
參考例及實施例中所獲得之NMR分析係於300MHz下進行,且使用DMSO-d6、CDCl3進行測定。
RT係表示LC/MS:液相層析法/質譜分析中之滯留時間,於以下之條件下進行測定。
(測定條件)
(1)管柱:ACQUITY UPLC(註冊商標)BEH C18(1.7μm i.d.2.1x50mm)(Waters)
流速:0.8mL/分;UV檢測波長:254nm;
流動相:[A]含0.1%甲酸之水溶液、[B]含0.1%甲酸之乙腈溶液
以3.5分鐘進行5%-100%溶劑[B]之線性漸變後,維持100%溶劑[B]0.5分鐘。
(2)管柱:Shim-pack XR-ODS(2.2μm,i.d.50x3.0mm)(Shimadzu)
流速:1.6mL/分;UV檢測波長:254nm;流動相:[A]含0.1%甲酸之水溶液、[B]含0.1%甲酸之乙腈溶液
漸變:以3分鐘進行10%-100%溶劑[B]之線性漸變,維持100%溶劑[B]0.5分鐘。
於氮氣環境下且於利用乾冰-丙酮冷卻至-78℃下,向化合物1(5.0
g,49.5mmol)之THF(100mL)溶液滴加1.62mol/L正丁基鋰-己烷溶液(30.5mL,49.5mmol),於-78℃下攪拌2小時。向反應液滴加氯甲酸烯丙酯(5.96g,49.5mmol)之THF(20mL)溶液,於-78℃下攪拌2小時。將反應液於飽和氯化銨水溶液中進行驟冷,升溫至室溫後,利用乙酸乙酯進行提取。利用飽和鹽水將有機層洗淨,利用無水硫酸鎂進行乾燥後,於減壓下將溶劑蒸餾去除,而獲得化合物2(5.66g,產率62%)。
1H-NMR(CDCl3)δ:3.83(t,J=8.0Hz,2H),3.92(t,J=8.0Hz,2H),4.26(s,2H),4.78(d,J=8.0Hz,2H),5.30(d,J=12.0Hz,1H),5.44(d,J=16.0Hz,1H),5.93-6.03(m,1H),
於氮氣環境下且於利用乾冰-丙酮冷卻至-78℃下,向化合物2(6.6g,35.6mmol)之THF(66mL)溶液滴加1.03mol/L DIBAL-H己烷溶液(45.0mL,46.3mmol),於-78℃下攪拌1小時。將反應液於丙酮中驟冷後,添加羅謝耳鹽水溶液並進行攪拌,利用乙酸乙酯進行提取。利用飽和鹽水將有機層洗浄,利用無水硫酸鎂進行乾燥後,於減壓下將溶劑蒸餾去除,而獲得化合物3(6.21g,產率93%)。
1H-NMR(CDCl3)δ:3.44(br,1H),3.50-3.64(m,2H),3.71(br,1H),3.95(d,J=8.0Hz,2H),4.64(d,J=8.0Hz,2H),5.24(d,J=12.0Hz,1H),5.40(d,J=16.0Hz,1H),5.47(d,J=4Hz,1H),5.87-6.00(m,1H)
向化合物3(6.2g,33.1mmol)之甲醇(65mL)溶液添加對甲苯磺酸一水合物(0.63g,3.31mmol)並於室溫下攪拌整夜。將反應液於碳酸氫鈉水溶液中進行驟冷後,進行濃縮,利用乙酸乙酯進行提取。利用飽和鹽水將有機層洗浄,利用無水硫酸鎂進行乾燥後,於減壓下將溶劑蒸餾去除,而獲得化合物4(5.77g,產率87%)。
1H-NMR(CDCl3)δ:3.34(s,3H),3.55(br,2H),3.73-3.99(m,3H),4.64(d,J=8.0Hz,2H),5.10-5.20(m,1H),5.25(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),5.33(d,J=16Hz,1H),5.88-6.05(m,1H)
向化合物5(20.0g,81mmol)之DMF(100mL)溶液添加碘乙烷(22.8g,146mmol)與二氮雜雙環十一烯(18.4mL,122mmol)並於室溫下攪拌整夜。將反應液注入10%氯化銨水溶液中,利用乙酸乙酯進行提取。利用飽和鹽水將有機層洗浄,利用無水硫酸鎂進行乾燥後,於減壓下將溶劑蒸餾去除,而獲得化合物6(22.3g,產率100%)。
1H-NMR(CDCl3)δ:1.23(t,J=8.0Hz,3H),4.28(q,J=8.0Hz,2H),5.16(s,2H),6.57(d,J=4.0Hz,1H),7.28-7.48(m,5H),8.21(d,J=4.0Hz,1H).
向化合物6(500mg,1.82mmol)之DMA(5.0mL)溶液添加對甲苯磺酸吡啶鎓(1.37g,5.47mmol)與Boc肼(361mg,2.74mmol)並於60℃下攪拌14小時。將反應液添加於水中,利用乙酸乙酯進行提取。利用飽和氯化銨水溶液與飽和鹽水將有機層洗淨,利用無水硫酸鎂進行乾燥後,於減壓下將溶劑蒸餾去除。藉由矽膠管柱層析法(氯仿-甲醇)對所獲得之殘渣進行純化而獲得化合物7(519mg,產率73%)。
1H-NMR(CDCl3)δ:1.24(t,J=8.0Hz,3H),1.46(s,9H),4.26(q,J=8.0Hz,2H),5.28(s,2H),6.40(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),7.27-7.38(m,4H),7.40-7.45(m,2H).
使化合物7(500mg,1.29mmol)溶解於4mol/L鹽酸乙酸乙酯溶液(5mL)中,於室溫下攪拌1小時。於減壓下將反應液之溶劑蒸餾去除,向所獲得之殘渣添加飽和碳酸氫鈉水溶液,利用二氯甲烷進行提
取。利用飽和鹽水將有機層洗浄,利用無水硫酸鎂進行乾燥後,於減壓下將溶劑蒸餾去除,而獲得化合物8(369mg,產率99%)。
1H-NMR(CDCl3)δ:1.26(t,J=8.0Hz,3H),4.31(q,J=8.0Hz,2H),5.24(s,2H),6.47(d,J=8.0,1H),7.28-7.44(m,5H),7.64(d,J=8.0,1H).
於氮氣環境下且於利用乾冰-四氯化碳冷卻至-25℃下,向化合物7(365mg,1.27mmol)與化合物4(306mg,1.52mmol)之乙腈(8mL)溶液滴加四氯化錫(0.223mL,1.90mmol),並於-25℃下攪拌45分鐘。將反應液於飽和碳酸氫鈉水溶液中驟冷後,添加二氯甲烷,於室溫下進行攪拌,進行矽藻土過濾,利用二氯甲烷提取濾液。利用飽和鹽水將所獲得之有機層洗浄,利用硫酸鎂進行乾燥,於減壓下將溶劑蒸餾去除,而獲得化合物9之粗產物。使所獲得之化合物9溶解於THF(8mL)中,添加嗎啉(1.10mL,12.7mmol)、四(三苯基膦)鈀(146mg,0.127mmol),於室溫下攪拌2小時。向反應液添加二乙醚(16mL),濾取所析出之固體,使所獲得之固體乾燥,而獲得化合物10(418mg,產率100%)。
1H-NMR(CDCl3)δ:2.90-2.99(m,1H),3.13(t,J=12.0Hz,1H),3.40-3.46(m,1H),4.00-4.08(m,1H),4.14(d,J=12.0Hz,1H),5.07(s,2H),6.22(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),7.29-7.40(m,3H),7.56(d,J=8.0Hz,2H),7.71(d,J=8.0Hz,1H)
於室溫下依序向(R)-四氫呋喃-2-羧酸(855mg,7.36mmol)、化合物10(2.00g,6.11mmol)之乙酸乙酯(9ml)懸浮液添加吡啶(4.00ml,49.6mmol)及T3P(50%乙酸乙酯溶液,11.0ml,18.5mmol)並攪拌整夜。濾取所析出之固體後,利用乙酸乙酯(4ml)、乙醇(4ml)依序
進行洗淨。使所獲得之固體懸浮於乙醇(6ml)中,於室溫下攪拌6.5小時。過濾懸浮液,利用乙醇(2ml)將所獲得之固體洗淨2次,而獲得化合物11(1.18g,產率45.4%)。
1H-NMR(DMSO)δ:1.80-1.94(m,2H),1.95-2.14(m,2H),3.21-3.35-(m,2H),3.50-3.60(m,1H),3.70-3.82(m,3H),4.00-4.05(m,1H),4.32-4.38(m,1H),5.14(dd,J=10.8Hz,21.6Hz,2H),5.76-5.81(m,1H),6.29(d;J=4.8Hz,1H),7.28-7.39(m,3H),7.48-7.54(m,2H),7.64-7.75(m,1H)
於室溫下向化合物11(500mg,1.18mmol)之乙醇(3.5ml)懸浮液添加DBU(0.0035ml,0.023mmol)並攪拌30分鐘。向所獲得之懸浮液添加二異丙基醚(6.5ml),於室溫下攪拌30分鐘。濾取所析出之固體後,利用乙酸乙酯(1.5ml)洗淨2次,而獲得化合物i1(346mg,產率89.9%)。
1H-NMR(DMSO)δ:2.80-3.00(m,1H),3.10-3.18(m,1H),3.38-3.50(m,1H),3.98-4.08(m,2H),4.10-4.20(m,1H),4.76-4.84(m,1H),5.04-5.14(m,2H),6.22(m,J=7.6Hz,1H),7.27-7.40(m,4H),7.56-7.60(m,2H),7.70(d,J=7.6Hz,1H)
於冰浴下向化合物13(8.0g,50.8mmol)之二氯甲烷(120mL)懸浮液添加三乙胺(17.6mL,127mmol),並滴加氯甲酸烯丙酯(6.44mL,60.9mmol),於0℃下攪拌1小時。向反應液添加水,利用二氯甲烷進行提取。利用5%檸檬酸水溶液與飽和碳酸氫鈉水溶液將有機層洗淨,利用無水硫酸鎂進行乾燥後,於減壓下將溶劑蒸餾去除,而獲得化合物14(10.1g,產率97%)。
1H-NMR(CDCl3)δ:1.96(br,4H),3.62(s,4H),4.60(s,2H),5.22(d,J=12.0Hz,1H),5.30(d,J=16.0Hz,1H),5.86-5.99(m,1H)
將碳電極(陽極)與鉑電極(陰極)浸漬於化合物14(0.9g,4.39mmol)、碳酸鉀(60mg,0.44mmol)、過氯酸四乙基銨(50mg,0.22mmol)之甲醇(30mL)溶液中,一面於室溫下攪拌6小時一面使0.1A之定電流通過。向反應液添加乙酸乙酯與水,利用乙酸乙酯進行提取。利用無水硫酸鎂將有機層乾燥後,於減壓下將溶劑蒸餾去除,而獲得化合物15(992mg,產率96%)。
1H-NMR(CDCl3)δ:1.81-2.15(m,3H),2.39(t,J=12.0Hz,1H),3.27(s,3H),3.61(s,1H),4.11(br,1H),4.61(br,2H),5.20-5.36(m,2H),5.57(br,1H),5.88-5.99(m,1H)
以與參考例1之第7、8步驟相同之方式進行反應,而獲得化合物16。
利用Waters製造之SFC30系統(Daicel製造之CHIRALPAK IB,液化碳酸-甲醇)將化合物16(870mg,2.41mmol)進行手性分割,而獲得化合物i2(270mg,產率31%)。
管柱:CHIRALPAK IB/SFC(5μm、i.d.250x4.6mm)(DAICEL)
流速:8.0mL/分;UV檢測波長:254nm
背壓:100bar
流動相:[A]液化碳酸、[B]甲醇
於維持5%溶劑[B]1分鐘後,以6分鐘進行5%-40%溶劑[B]之線性漸變。其後維持40%溶劑[B]2分鐘後,維持5%溶劑[B]1分鐘。
溶出時間:7.3分鐘
於冰浴冷卻下向化合物17(4.00g,16.3mmol)之二氯甲烷(40mL)溶液滴加草醯氯(1.56mL,17.9mmol)及DMF(0.013mL,0.162
mmol),一面上升至室溫一面攪拌5小時。於減壓下將反應液蒸餾去除,使所獲得之殘渣溶解於二氯甲烷(40mL)中,於冰浴冷卻下添加2,2,2-三氟乙醇(2.44g,24.4mmol)、三乙胺(4.50mL,32.5mmol)、4-(二甲基胺基)吡啶(99.0mg,0.812mmol),一面上升至室溫一面攪拌1小時。於減壓下將反應液蒸餾去除,向所獲得之殘渣添加1mol/L鹽酸水溶液,利用乙酸乙酯進行提取。利用1mol/L鹽酸水溶液、飽和鹽水將有機層洗淨後,利用無水硫酸鎂進行乾燥,而獲得化合物18(5.33g,產率100%)。
1H-NMR(CDCl3)δ:4.64(q,J=8.2Hz,2H),5.38(s,2H),6.49(d,J=5.6Hz,1H),7.30-7.38(m,3H),7.43-7.49(m,2H),7.75(d,J=5.6Hz,1H).
以與參考例1之第5、6步驟相同之方式進行反應而獲得化合物20。
1H-NMR(CDCl3)δ:4.55(q,J=8.3Hz,2H),5.18(s,2H),5.29(s,2H),6.37(d,J=7.8Hz,1H),7.30-7.42(m,6H).
以與參考例1之第7步驟相同之方式進行反應而獲得化合物23。
LC/MS(ESI):m/z=342.1[M+H]+,RT=1.00,1.09min,method(1)
向化合物23(820mg,2.40mmol)之二氯甲烷(16.5mL)溶液添加Boc2O(0.837mL,3.60mmol)、三乙胺(0.499mL,3.60mmol)及4-(二甲基胺基)吡啶(44.0mg,0.360mmol)並於室溫下攪拌3.5小時。向反應液添加1mol/L鹽酸水溶液,利用乙酸乙酯進行提取。利用1mol/L鹽酸水溶液、飽和鹽水將有機層洗淨後,利用無水硫酸鈉進行乾燥,
於減壓下將溶劑蒸餾去除。藉由矽膠管柱層析法(氯仿-甲醇)對所獲得之殘渣進行純化而獲得化合物24(593mg,產率56%)及化合物i3(170mg,產率16%)。
化合物24:LC/MS(ESI):m/z=441.9[M+H]+,RT=1.67min,method(1)
使化合物24(547mg,1.24mmol)溶解於乙酸(5.5mL)中,於80℃下攪拌5小時。於減壓下將反應液之溶劑蒸餾去除,藉由矽膠管柱層析法(氯仿-甲醇)對所獲得之殘渣進行純化而獲得化合物i3(454mg,產率100%)。
1H-NMR(CDCl3)δ:1.46(d,J=6.4Hz,3H),3.45(dd,J=10.5,10.5Hz,1H),3.55(dd,J=11.7,4.3Hz,1H),3.92(dd,J=11.7,3.6Hz,1H),3.95-4.01(m,2H),4.76(dq,J=13.9,4.3Hz,1H),5.19(d,J=10.2Hz,1H),5.22(d,J=10.2Hz,1H),5.36(d,J=12.9Hz,1H),6.28(d,J=7.8Hz,1H),7.25(d,J=7.8Hz,1H),7.28-7.36(m,3H),7.56-7.61(m,2H).
使化合物i1(1100g,3360mmol)及7,8-二氟-6,11-二氫二苯并噻庚因-11-醇(977g,3697mmol)懸浮於50wt% T3P之乙酸乙酯溶液(3208g,5041mmol)及乙酸乙酯(1.1L)中。於室溫下向反應液添加甲磺酸(436ml,6721mmol),於70℃下攪拌5小時30分鐘。於冰浴冷卻下向反應液添加水,於室溫下攪拌1小時後,添加THF,利用乙酸乙酯進行提取。利用水及8%碳酸氫鈉水溶液將有機層洗淨,利用無水硫酸鈉進行乾燥,於減壓下將溶劑蒸餾去除。使所獲得之殘渣溶解於THF(5.5L)中,添加碳酸鉀(790g,5713mmol),升溫至50℃,滴加苄基溴(240ml,2016mmol),於60℃下攪拌8小時30分鐘。於冰浴冷卻下向反應液滴加2mol/L鹽酸水溶液,於室溫下攪拌10分鐘,利用乙酸乙酯進行提取。利用水及8%碳酸氫鈉水溶液將有機層洗淨,利用無水硫酸鎂進行乾燥。添加活性碳(Norit SX-2,240g),進行矽藻土過濾,於減壓下將濾液蒸餾去除。向所獲得之殘渣添加乙酸乙酯及己烷,使固體析出後,進行濾取,藉此獲得化合物25(1019g,1776mmol,產率53%)。
1H-NMR(CDCl3)δ:2.88(1H,t,J=11.2Hz),3.28-3.39(2H,m),3.72(1H,d,J=12.6Hz),3.86(1H,d,J=9.6Hz),4.03(1H,d,J=13.9Hz),4.45(1H,d,J=8.6Hz),4.67(1H,d,J=13.1Hz),5.19-5.26(2H,m),5.45(1H,d,J=10.9Hz),5.63(1H,d,J=10.9Hz),5.77(1H,d,J=7.6Hz),6.40(1H,d,J=7.8Hz),6.68(1H,t,J=6.9Hz),6.94-7.01(2H,m),7.03-7.12(3H,m),7.29-7.38(3H,m),7.61(2H,d,J=7.1Hz).
於室溫下向化合物25(1200g,2092mmol)之DMA(3.6L)溶液添加氯化鋰(443g,10.5mol),於80℃下攪拌3小時。於冰浴冷卻下向反應液添加丙酮(1.2L)、0.5mol/L鹽酸水溶液(6.0L)及水(2.4L)並攪拌1
小時。濾取所析出之固體。使所獲得之固體溶解於氯仿中,添加異丙醚,使固體析出後,進行濾取,藉此獲得化合物III-2(950g,1965mmol,產率94%)。
1H-NMR(CDCl3)δ:2.99(1H,dt,J=17.5,6.8Hz),3.47(1H,td,J=11.9,2.5Hz),3.60(1H,t,J=10.6Hz),3.81(1H,dd,J=11.9,3.3Hz),3.96(1H,dd,J=11.0,2.9Hz),4.07(1H,d,J=13.8Hz),4.58(1H,dd,J=10.0,2.9Hz),4.67(1H,dd,J=13.5,1.9Hz),5.26-5.30(2H,m),5.75(1H,d,J=7.8Hz),6.69(1H,d,J=7.7Hz),6.83-6.87(1H,m),6.99-7.04(2H,m),7.07-7.15(3H,m).
使化合物i1(400mg,1.22mmol)及6,11-二氫二苯并噻庚因-11-醇(418mg,1.83mmol)溶解於50%T3P乙酸乙酯溶液(7.27mL,12.2mmol)中,於封管條件下以110℃攪拌1.5小時。向反應液添加水,利用乙酸乙酯進行提取。利用飽和鹽水將有機層洗淨後,利用無水硫酸鈉進行乾燥,於減壓下將溶劑蒸餾去除。藉由矽膠管柱層析法(氯仿-甲醇及乙酸乙酯-甲醇)對所獲得之殘渣進行純化而獲得化合物26(316mg,產率47%)。
1H-NMR(CDCl3)δ:2.86(dd,J=11.4,11.4Hz,1H),3.26-3.40(m,2H),3.55(d,J=13.4Hz,1H),3.70(d,J=10.4Hz,1H),3.86(d,J=10.4Hz,1H),4.48(d,J=9.5Hz,1H),4.66(d,J=13.4Hz,1H),5.20(s,1H),5.43-5.50(m,2H),5.63(d,J=10.9Hz,1H),5.79(d,J=7.8Hz,1H),6.40(d,J=7.7Hz,1H),6.62-6.69(m,1H),7.02-7.07(m,3H),7.18(d,J=7.4Hz,1H),7.27-7.44(m,6H),7.60-7.66(m,2H).
以與實施例1之第2步驟相同之方式進行反應而獲得化合物III-1。
1H-NMR(CDCl3)δ:2.98(dd,J=13.0,12.3Hz,1H),3.46(dd,J=13.1,10.0Hz,1H),3.55-3.63(m,2H),3.79(d,J=11.4Hz,1H),3.96(d,J=11.0Hz,1H),4.62-4.66(m,2H),5.26(s,1H),5.52(d,J=13.4Hz,1H),5.75(d,J=7.7Hz,1H),6.70(d,J=7.7Hz,1H),6.79-6.85(m,1H),7.05-7.12(m,3H),7.23(d,J=7.4Hz,1H),7.30(t,J=7.3Hz,1H),7.36(d,J=7.4Hz,1H),7.44(t,J=7.4Hz,1H).
使化合物27(290mg,0.880mmol)與化合物i1(240mg,0.733mmol)溶解於50%T3P乙酸乙酯溶液(2.4mL)中,於封管條件下以100
℃攪拌1.5小時。向反應液添加水,利用乙酸乙酯進行提取。利用飽和鹽水將有機層洗浄,利用無水硫酸鎂進行乾燥後,於減壓下將溶劑蒸餾去除。藉由矽膠管柱層析法(氯仿-乙酸乙酯-甲醇)對所獲得之殘渣進行純化而獲得化合物28(106mg,產率24%)。
1H-NMR(CDCl3)δ:2.37(s,3H),2.94-3.03(m,1H),3.15-3.23(m,1H),3.28(t,J=10.4Hz,1H),3.58(d,J=13.2Hz,1H),3.66(dd,J=3.2Hz,11.6Hz,1H),3.84(dd,J=2.8Hz,10.8Hz,1H),4.40-4.52(m,2H),5.49(t,J=13.6Hz,2H),5.60(d,J=10.4Hz,2H),5.78(d,J=7.6Hz,1H),6.41(d,J=7.2Hz,1H),6.66-6.71(m,1H),6.98-7.12(m,4H),7.21(d,J=7.6Hz,1H),7.30-7.42(m,4H),7.56-7.61(m,2H).
向化合物28(100mg,0.168mmol)之甲醇(1mL)溶液添加2mol/L氫氧化鈉水溶液(252μL,0.504mmol)並於室溫下攪拌1小時。向反應液添加2mol/L鹽酸(0.3mL),利用氯仿進行提取後,於減壓下將溶劑蒸餾去除。使所獲得之殘渣溶解於DMA(1.0mL)中,添加氯化鋰(35.6mg,0.839mmol),於100℃下攪拌15小時。藉由逆相矽膠管柱層析法(乙腈-水)對反應液進行純化而獲得化合物III-24(20mg,產率26%)。
1H-NMR(CDCl3)δ:3.09(t,J=11.2Hz,1H),3.40-3.58(m,3H),3.76(d,J=10.8Hz,1H),3.91(d,J=10.8Hz,1H),4.66(d,J=13.2Hz,1H),4.73(d,J=9.6Hz,1H),5.50(d,J=13.6Hz,1H),5.79(d,J=6.8Hz,1H),6.25(s,1H),6.61-6.70(m,2H),6.79(d,J=6.8Hz,1H),6.93-7.08(m,3H),7.10-7.19(m,2H).
依據與上述實施例相同之方法,使用市售化合物或參考例所示之中間化合物而合成以下之實施例化合物。
向化合物III-2(1.00g,2.07mmol)之DMA(5ml)之懸浮液添加氯甲基碳酸甲酯(0.483g,3.10mmol)及碳酸鉀(0.572g,4.14mmol)、碘化鉀(0.343g,2.07mmol),升溫至50℃並攪拌6小時。進而向反應液添加DMA(1ml)並攪拌6小時。將反應液冷卻至室溫,添加DMA(6ml),於50℃下攪拌5分鐘,進行過濾。於冰浴冷卻下向所獲得之濾液滴加1mol/L鹽酸水(10ml)及水(4ml)並攪拌1小時。濾取所析出之固體,於60℃下進行3小時減壓乾燥,而獲得化合物II-6(1.10g,1.93mmol,產率93%)。
1H-NMR(DMSO-D6)δ:2.91-2.98(1H,m),3.24-3.31(1H,m),3.44(1H,t,J=10.4Hz),3.69(1H,dd,J=11.5,2.8Hz),3.73(3H,s),4.00(1H,dd,J=10.8,2.9Hz),4.06(1H,d,J=14.3Hz),4.40(1H,d,J=11.8Hz),4.45(1H,dd,J=9.9,2.9Hz),5.42(1H,dd,J=14.4,1.8Hz),5.67(1H,d,J=6.5Hz),5.72-5.75(3H,m),6.83-6.87(1H,m),7.01(1H,d,J=6.9Hz),7.09(1H,dd,J=8.0,1.1Hz),7.14-7.18(1H,m),7.23(1H,d,J=7.8Hz),7.37-7.44(2H,m).
於氮氣環境下且於0℃下向氯甲酸氯甲酯(300mg,2.33mmol)與化合物30(330mg,2.79mmol)之二氯甲烷(6.0mL)溶液添加吡啶(207μL,2.56mmol),並於0℃下攪拌30分鐘,升溫至室溫,進而攪拌1小時。向反應液添加2mol/L鹽酸,利用二氯甲烷進行提取。利用飽和鹽水將有機層洗浄,利用無水硫酸鎂進行乾燥後,於減壓下將溶劑蒸餾去除,而獲得化合物31(440mg,產率90%)。
1H-NMR(CDCl3)δ:1.65(s,6H),3.77(s,3H),5.71(s,2H).
使化合物III-2(300mg,0.62mmol)、碳酸鉀(172mg,1.24mmol)、碘化鉀(103mg,0.62mmol)與化合物31(261mg,1.24mmol)溶解於DMA(3.0mL)中,於80℃下攪拌3小時。向反應液添加2mol/L鹽酸,利用乙酸乙酯進行提取。利用飽和鹽水將有機層洗浄,利用無水硫酸鎂進行乾燥後,於減壓下將溶劑蒸餾去除。藉由矽膠管柱層析法(氯仿-甲醇)對所獲得之殘渣進行純化,而獲得化合物II-61(350
mg,產率86%)。
1H-NMR(CDCl3)δ:1.63(s,3H),1.67(s,3H),2.86-2.93(m,1H),3.38-3.61(m,2H),3.68-3.78(m,4H),3.90-3.96(m,1H),4.06(d,J=14.0Hz,1H),4.51(dd,J=2.0Hz,9.6Hz,1H),4.65(d,J=12.4Hz,1H),5.21(d,J=14.4Hz,1H),5.36(s,1H),5.80-5.95(m,3H),6.85-6.92(m,2H),7.03-7.22(m,5H).
向化合物III-2(90mg,0.186mmol)之二氯甲烷(2mL)溶液添加乙酸酐(0.053mL,0.558mmol)、三乙胺(0.077mL,0.558mmol)、觸媒量之DMAP,並於室溫下攪拌2小時。於減壓下將反應液之溶劑蒸餾去除,藉由矽膠管柱層析法(氯仿-甲醇)對所獲得之殘渣進行純化。向所獲得之溶液添加醚,使固體析出後,進行濾取,藉此獲得化合物II-4(71mg,73%)。
1H-NMR(CDCl3)δ:2.46(s,3H),2.88-2.99(m,1H),3.35-3.50(m,1H),3.60-3.65(m,1H),3.75-3.83(m,1H),3.90-4.00(m,1H),4.05(d,J=14.0Hz,1H),4.52-4.57(m,1H),4.60-4.70(m,1H),5.24-5.34(m,1H),5.35(s,1H),5.88(d,J=7.6Hz,1H),6.85-6.82(m,1H),6.90-7.05(m,2H),7.06-7.20(m,4H)
LC/MS(ESI):m/z=526.2[M+H]+,RT=1.87min,method(1)
於氮氣環境下且於0℃下向三光氣(300mg,2.54mmol)之二氯甲烷(6.0mL)溶液添加吡啶(257μL,3.17mmol)並攪拌15分鐘。其後,向反應液添加化合物30(377mg,1.27mmol)之二氯甲烷(1.0mL)溶液,於0℃下攪拌15分鐘後,升溫至室溫,進而攪拌15分鐘。於減壓下將反應液濃縮後,添加乙酸乙酯(4.0mL),進行過濾。於減壓下將濾液蒸餾去除,而獲得化合物32(380mg)。
於0℃下向化合物III-2(350mg,0.724mmol)之二氯甲烷(3.5mL)溶液添加化合物32(196mg,1.09mmol)、三乙胺(301μL,2.17mmol),並於0℃下攪拌30分鐘。向反應液添加2mol/L鹽酸,利用二氯甲烷進行提取。利用飽和鹽水將有機層洗浄,利用無水硫酸鎂進行乾燥後,於減壓下將溶劑蒸餾去除。藉由矽膠管柱層析法(氯仿-甲醇)對所獲得之殘渣進行純化,而獲得化合物II-65(380mg,產率84%)。
1H-NMR(CDCl3)δ:1.73(s,3H),1.77(s,3H),2.90-2.99(m,1H),3.37-3.43(m,1H),3.57(t,J=8.8Hz,1H),3.76(dd,J=2.8Hz,
12.0Hz,1H),3.81(s,3H),3.94(dd,J=2.8Hz,10.8Hz,1H),4.05(d,J=14.0Hz,1H),4.55(dd,J=2.8Hz,9.6Hz,1H),4.65(d,J=12.0Hz,1H),5.28(d,J=12.0Hz,1H),5.34(s,1H),5.89(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),6.86-6.95(m,2H),7.03-7.15(m,5H).
於冰浴冷卻下向化合物33(276mg,0.402mmol)之THF(1mL)溶液添加乙酸(121mg,2.01mmol)、1mol/L TBAF THF溶液(1.21mL,1.21mmol),並於室溫下攪拌4小時。於減壓下將反應液之溶劑蒸餾去除,藉由矽膠管柱層析法(乙酸乙酯-甲醇)對所獲得之殘渣進行純化,而獲得化合物II-129(179mg,產率78%)。
LC/MS(ESI):m/z=572.0[M+H]+,RT=1.74min,method(2)
於室溫下向化合物III-2(300mg,0.62mmol)之DMF(4mL)溶液添加碳酸鉀(258mg,1.8mmol)、4-(氯甲基)苯基乙酸酯(344mg,1.87mmol)、碘化鈉(139mg,1.87mmol),並於65℃下攪拌1小時。向反應溶液添加水,利用乙酸乙酯進行提取。利用水將有機層洗淨,利用硫酸鈉進行乾燥,於減壓下將溶劑蒸餾去除。藉由矽膠管柱層析法(乙酸乙酯-甲醇)對所獲得之殘渣進行純化,而獲得化合物II-115(120mg,產率31%)。
LC/MS(ESI):m/z=631.95[M+H]+,RT=2.07min,method(2)
於室溫下向化合物III-2(150mg,0.31mmol)之二氯甲烷(2mL)溶液添加聚合物擔載三苯基膦3mmol/g(310mg,0.93mmol)、吡啶-4-基甲醇(68mg,0.62mmol)、DEAD 40%甲苯溶液(270mg,0.62mmol),並於室溫下攪拌30分鐘。藉由胺基管柱層析法(乙酸乙酯-甲醇)對反應溶液進行純化,而獲得化合物II-143(63mg,產率35%)。
LC/MS(ESI):m/z=575.00[M+H]+,RT=1.43min,method(2)
向化合物III-2(65mg,0.134mmol)之吡啶(0.8mL)溶液添加二甲胺基甲醯氯(21.7mg,0.202mmol),並於80℃下攪拌整夜。向反應液添加1mol/L鹽酸,利用乙酸乙酯進行提取。利用飽和鹽水將有機層洗浄,利用無水硫酸鎂進行乾燥後,於減壓下將溶劑蒸餾去除。利用乙酸乙酯-己烷對所獲得之殘渣進行固體化而獲得化合物II-27(65mg,產率87%)。
1H-NMR(CDCl3)δ:2.89(t,J=11.2Hz,1H),2.99(s,1H),3.01(s,3H),3.18-3.26(m,4H),3.45(t,J=10.8Hz,1H),3.59(t,J=10.8Hz,1H),3.70-3.80(m,1H),3.90-3.98(m,1H),4.03(d,J=13.6Hz,1H),4.50-4.70(m,2H),5.21-5.35(m,2H),5.82(d,J=7.6Hz,1H),6.91(t,J=7.6Hz,1H),7.00-7.20(m,6H).
向二氯磷酸乙酯(135mg,0.829mmol)之二氯甲烷(3mL)溶液添加L-纈胺酸甲酯鹽酸鹽(139mg,0.829mmol),於-78℃下滴加三乙胺(168mg,1.66mmol)之二氯甲烷(2mL)溶液。將反應液於室溫下攪拌1小時後,添加化合物III-2(200mg,0.414mmol)與三乙胺(126mg,1.25mmol),於相同溫度下攪拌6小時。將反應液進行濃縮,藉由矽膠管柱層析法(乙酸乙酯-甲醇)進行純化,而獲得化合物II-55(112mg,產率38%)。
LC/MS(ESI):m/z=705.05[M+H]+,RT=2.18min,method(2)
於-78℃下向二氯磷酸乙酯(202mg,1.24mmol)之二氯甲烷(3mL)溶液滴加三乙胺(126mg,1.24mmol)與乙醇酸甲酯(112mg,1.24mmol)之二氯甲烷(2mL)混合溶液。將反應液於室溫下攪拌2小時後,添加化合物III-2(200mg,0.414mmol)與三乙胺(126mg,1.25mmol),並於相同溫度下攪拌1小時。將反應液進行濃縮,藉由矽膠管柱層析法(乙酸乙酯-甲醇)進行純化,而獲得化合物II-57(143mg,產率52%)。
LC/MS(ESI):m/z=664.00[M+H]+,RT=1.93min,method(2)
於-78℃下向磷醯氯(1.53g,10mmol)之二氯甲烷(10mL)溶液滴加三乙胺(2.12g,20.95mmol)與乙醇酸甲酯(1.89mg,21mmol)之二氯甲烷(5mL)混合溶液。將反應液於室溫下攪拌2小時。於室溫下向反應液(2mL)添加化合物III-2(200mg,0.414mmol)與三乙胺(126mg,1.25mmol),並於相同溫度下攪拌1小時。將反應液進行濃縮,藉由矽膠管柱層析法(乙酸乙酯-甲醇)進行純化,而獲得化合物II-58(166mg,產率57%)。
LC/MS(ESI):m/z=707.90[M+H]+,RT=1.93min,method(2)
依據與上述實施例相同之方法,使用市售化合物而合成以下之實施例化合物。
本發明之化合物及/或本發明之化合物之母化合物係對由流行性感冒病毒誘發之症狀及/或疾病有用。例如,對伴隨著發熱、惡寒、頭痛、肌肉痛、全身疲勞感等之類似感冒症狀;或者咽喉痛、鼻涕、
鼻塞、咳嗽、痰等氣管炎症狀;腹痛、嘔吐、腹瀉等胃腸症狀;進而伴隨著急性腦病、肺炎等之二次感染之併發症之治療及/或預防、症狀改善有效。
本發明之化合物係前體藥物,因此具有經口吸收性較高;表現出良好之生物利用率;表現出良好之清除率;肺移行性較高等優點,因此可成為優異之醫藥品。
本發明之化合物之母化合物具有對帽結構依賴性核酸內切酶之抑制活性較高,且因係病毒特異性酶之故而選擇性較高等之效果,因此可成為副作用獲得減輕之醫藥品。
進而,本發明之化合物及/或本發明之化合物之母化合物具有代謝穩定性較高;溶解度較高;經口吸收性較高;表現出良好之生物利用率;表現出良好之清除率;肺移行性較高;半衰期較長;非蛋白質結合率較高;hERG通道抑制較低;CYP抑制較低;顯現CPE(CytoPathic Effect,細胞變性效果)抑制效果;及/或於光敏性試驗、Ames試驗、遺傳毒性試驗中顯示陰性;或不具有肝障礙等毒性等優點。因此,本發明之化合物可成為優異之醫藥品。
本發明之化合物及/或本發明之化合物之母化合物可以經口或非經口之方式進行投予。於經口投予之情形時,本發明化合物可以通常之製劑、例如片劑、散劑、顆粒劑、膠囊劑等固體劑;水劑;油性懸浮劑;或者糖漿劑或酒劑等液劑中之任一種劑型使用。於非經口投予之情形時,本發明之化合物可以水性或油性懸浮注射劑、滴鼻液之形式使用。於其製備時,可任意地使用慣用之賦形劑、結合劑、潤滑劑、水性溶劑、油性溶劑、乳化劑、懸浮化劑、保存劑、穩定劑等。本發明之醫藥組合物係藉由將治療有效量之本發明化合物與製藥上所容許之載體或稀釋劑一併組合(例如進行混合)而製造。
本發明之化合物之投予量係根據投予方法、患者之年齡、體
重、狀態及疾病之種類而不同,但通常於經口投予之情形時,若需要,只要成人每1天,將約0.05mg~3000mg、較佳為約0.1mg~1000mg分割進行投予即可。又,於非經口投予之情形時,成人每1天投予約0.01mg~1000mg,較佳為投予約0.05mg~500mg。
購買對5'末端之G進行了2磷酸化修飾,且對2'位之羥基進行了甲氧基化修飾,將自5'末端起第6位之U進行了Cy3標記,並將3'末端進行了BHQ2標記的30merRNA(5'-pp-[m2'-O]GAA UAU(-Cy3)GCA UCA CUA GUA AGC UUU GCU CUA-BHQ2-3':Japan Bio Services公司製造),使用EPICENTRE公司製造之ScriptCap系統而加成帽結構(產物為m7G[5']-ppp-[5'][m2'-O]GAA UAU(-Cy3)GCA UCA CUA GUA AGC UUU GCU CUA(-BHQ2)-3')。利用改性聚丙烯醯胺凝膠電泳法對其進行分離、純化,將其用作為受質。
RNP(ribonucleoprotein,核糖核蛋白)係依據常規方法由病毒粒子製備而成(參考文獻:VIROLOGY(1976)73,p327-338 OLGA M.ROCHOVANSKY)。具體而言,將A/WSN/33病毒1x103PFU/mL接種200μL至發育10天之雞蛋,於37℃下培養2天後,回收雞蛋之尿囊液。藉由使用20%蔗糖之超離心分離而對病毒粒子進行純化,使用TritonX-100與溶血卵磷脂而將病毒粒子可溶化後,藉由使用30-70%甘油密度梯度之超離心分離而採集RNP組分(50~70%甘油組分)用作酶液(包含約1nM之PB1/PB2/PA複合體)。
向聚丙烯製之384孔盤分注酶反應液(組成:53mM三(羥甲基)胺基甲烷-鹽酸鹽(pH值7.8)、1mM MgCl2、1.25mM二硫蘇糖醇、80
mM NaCl、12.5%甘油、酶液0.15μL)2.5μL。繼而添加經二甲基亞碸(DMSO)階梯性稀釋之受檢化合物溶液0.5μL,對陽性對照(PC)及陰性對照(NC)添加DMSO 0.5μL並充分進行混合。繼而添加受質溶液(1.4nM受質RNA,0.05%Tween20)2μL,使反應開始,於室溫下培育60分鐘後,將反應液1μL添加至10μL之Hi-Di Formamide溶液(包含GeneScan 120 Liz Size Standard作為分子量標記物,Applied Biosystems(ABI)公司製造),使反應停止。NC係藉由於反應開始前添加EDTA(ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid,乙二胺四乙酸)(4.5mM)而預先使反應停止(標註濃度全部為最終濃度)。
將反應已停止之溶液以85℃加熱5分鐘,於冰上急冷2分鐘後,利用ABI PRIZM 3730遺傳分析儀(Genetic Analyzer)進行分析。藉由解析軟體ABI Genemapper而定量帽依賴性核酸內切酶產物之波峰,將PC、NC之螢光強度分別設為0%抑制、100%抑制而求出受檢化合物之CEN反應抑制率(%)後,使用曲線擬合軟體(XLfit2.0:Model 205(IDBS公司製造)等)而求出IC50值。
‧2% FCS(Fetal Calf Serum,胎牛血清)E-MEM(Eagle's Minimum Essential Medium,伊格爾最低必需培養基)(向MEM(Minimum Essential Medium,最低必需培養基)(Invitrogen)添加康黴素及FCS而進行調整)
‧0.5% BSA(Bovine Serum Albumin,牛血清白蛋白)E-MEM(向MEM(Minimum Essential Medium,最低必需培養基)(Invitrogen)添加康黴素及BSA而進行調整)
‧HBSS(Hanks' Balanced Salt Solution,漢克斯平衡鹽溶液)
‧MDBK(Mardin-Darby Bovine Kidney,馬達氏牛腎)細胞
利用2% FCS E-MEM調整至適當細胞數(3×105/mL)。
‧MDCK(Madin-Darby Canine Kidney,馬達氏犬腎)細胞
利用HBSS清洗2次後,利用0.5% BSA E-MEM調整至適當細胞數(5×105/mL)。
‧胰蛋白酶溶液
使來自豬胰之胰蛋白酶(Trypsin from porcine pancreas)(SIGMA)溶解於PBS(-)中,利用0.45μm之過濾器進行過濾。
‧EnVision(PerkinElmer)
‧WST-8套組(Kishida Chemical)
‧10% SDS(sodium dodecyl sulfate,十二烷基硫酸鈉)溶液
‧受檢試樣之稀釋、分注
於使用MDBK細胞時,使用2% FCS E-MEM作為培養液,於使用MDCK細胞時,使用0.5% BSA E-MEM作為培養液。以下,關於病毒、細胞、受檢試樣之稀釋,係使用相同之培養液。
預先將受檢試樣利用培養液稀釋為適度之濃度,於96孔盤製作2~5倍階梯性稀釋系列(50μL/孔)。製作抗Flu活性測定用、細胞毒性測定用之2片。對各藥劑實施三重測定。
於使用MDCK細胞時,僅於抗Flu活性測定用中,將胰蛋白酶以成為最終濃度3ug/mL之方式添加於細胞中。
‧流行性感冒病毒之稀釋、分注
預先將流行性感冒病毒利用培養液稀釋為適當之濃度,向添加有受檢試樣之96孔盤以50μL/孔進行分注。向細胞毒性測定用之孔盤以50μL/孔分注培養液。
‧細胞之稀釋、分注
向添加有受檢試樣之96孔盤以100μL/孔分注已調整至適當細胞數之細胞。
利用孔盤攪拌器進行混合,於CO2培養箱中進行培養。抗Flu活性測定用、細胞毒性測定用均培養3天。
‧WST-8之分注
用肉眼於顯微鏡下觀察培養了3天之96孔盤,確認細胞之形態、有無結晶等。以不吸取細胞之方式自孔盤去除上清液。
將WST-8套組利用培養液進行10倍稀釋,向各孔以100μL/孔分注該WST-8溶液。利用孔盤攪拌器進行混合後,於CO2培養箱中培養1~3小時。
關於抗Flu活性測定用孔盤,係於培養後,向各孔以10μL/孔分注10% SDS溶液,使病毒不活化。
‧吸光度之測定
對混合過之96孔盤利用EnVision於450nm/620nm之2種波長下測定吸光度。
基於如下述之計算式,使用Microsoft Excel或具有同等計算處理能力之程式而算出。
‧50%流行性感冒感染細胞死亡抑制濃度(EC50)之算出
EC50=10Z
Z=(50%-High%)/(High%-Low%)×{log(High conc.)-log(Low conc.)}+log(High conc.)
關於本發明化合物之母化合物,將試驗例1及試驗例2之測定結果示於表39。
根據以上之結果,母化合物由於表現出較高之帽依賴性核酸內切酶(CEN)抑制活性、及/或較高之CPE抑制效果,故而可成為作為由於感染流行性感冒病毒而誘發之症狀及/或疾病之治療及/或預防劑有用的醫藥。
以下記載本發明化合物之生物試驗例。
使用市售之混合人類肝臟微粒體,以作為人類主要CYP5分子種
類(CYP1A2、2C9、2C19、2D6、3A4)之典型受質代謝反應的7-乙氧基試鹵靈之O-脫乙基化(CYP1A2)、甲苯磺丁脲之甲基-氫氧化(CYP2C9)、美芬妥英之4'-氫氧化(CYP2C19)、右美沙芬之O脫甲基化(CYP2D6)、特芬那定之氫氧化(CYP3A4)為指標,對各代謝物生成量被本發明化合物抑制之程度進行評價。
反應條件係如下所述:受質、0.5μmol/L乙氧基試鹵靈(CYP1A2)、100μmol/L甲苯磺丁脲(CYP2C9)、50μmol/L S-美芬妥英(CYP2C19)、5μmol/L右美沙芬(CYP2D6)、1μmol/L特芬那定(CYP3A4);反應時間、15分鐘;反應溫度、37℃;酶、混合人類肝臟微粒體0.2mg蛋白質/mL;本發明化合物濃度1、5、10、20μmol/L(4點)。
於96孔盤中,作為反應溶液,向50mmol/L Hepes緩衝液中以上述組成添加各5種受質、人類肝臟微粒體、本發明化合物,且添加作為輔酶之NADPH(nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate,煙鹼醯胺腺嘌呤二核苷磷酸鹽),使作為指標之代謝反應開始。於37℃下反應15分鐘後,添加甲醇/乙腈=1/1(V/V)溶液,藉此使反應停止。以3000rpm離心15分鐘後,利用螢光多標計數儀定量離心上清液中之試鹵靈(CYP1A2代謝物),利用LC/MS/MS(Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry-Mass Spectrometry,液相層析-質譜聯用)定量甲苯磺丁脲氫氧化物(CYP2C9代謝物)、美芬妥英4'氫氧化物(CYP2C19代謝物)、右啡烷(CYP2D6代謝物)、特芬那定醇體(CYP3A4代謝物)。
將反應系統中僅添加溶解有本發明化合物之作為溶劑之DMSO所得者設為對照組(100%),算出添加至溶劑中之本發明化合物之各濃度下之殘存活性(%),使用濃度與抑制率,藉由利用羅吉斯模型之逆推定而算出IC50。
(結果)
化合物No.III-2:5種>20μmol/L
經口吸收性之研究試驗材料與方法
(1)使用動物:使用小鼠或SD大鼠。
(2)飼養條件:使小鼠或SD大鼠自由攝取固體飼料及殺菌自來水。
(3)投予量、分群之設定:以特定之投予量進行經口投予、靜脈內投予。以下述方式設定群。(每種化合物投予量有變更)
經口投予1~30mg/kg(n=2~3)
靜脈內投予0.5~10mg/kg(n=2~3)
(4)投予液之製備:經口投予係以溶液或懸浮液之形式進行投予。靜脈內投予係可溶化後進行投予。
(5)投予方法:經口投予係藉由口喂管強制性地投予至胃內。靜脈內投予係藉由附帶注射針之注射器自尾靜脈進行投予。
(6)評價項目:經時採血,使用LC/MS/MS對血漿中本發明化合物濃度進行測定。
(7)統計解析:關於血漿中本發明化合物濃度推移,係使用非線性最小平方法程式WinNonlin(註冊商標)算出血漿中濃度-時間曲線下面積(AUC),根據經口投予群與靜脈內投予群之AUC算出本發明化合物之生物利用率(BA)。
(結果)
化合物No.II-6:14.9%
化合物No.III-2:4.2%
根據以上之結果,前體藥物之生物利用率較母化合物提高。
因此,本發明化合物可成為經口吸收性優異、作為由於感染流行性感冒病毒而誘發之症狀及/或疾病之治療及/或預防劑有用的醫
藥。
使市售之混合人類肝臟微粒體與本發明化合物反應一定時間,藉由反應樣品與未反應樣品之比較而算出殘存率,對本發明化合物被肝代謝之程度進行評價。
於包含人類肝臟微粒體0.5mg蛋白質/mL之0.2mL之緩衝液(50mmol/L Tris-HCl pH值7.4、150mmol/L氯化鉀、10mmol/L氯化鎂)中,於1mmol/L NADPH存在下於37℃下反應0分鐘或30分鐘(氧化反應)。反應後,向甲醇/乙腈=1/1(v/v)溶液之100μL添加反應液50μL並進行混合,以3000rpm進行15分鐘離心。利用LC/MS/MS對該離心上清液中之本發明化合物進行定量,將反應0分鐘時之化合物量設為100%而計算反應後之本發明化合物的殘存量。再者,水解反應係於NADPH非存在下進行反應,葡糖醛酸抱合反應係代替NADPH而於5mmol/L UDP-葡糖醛酸之存在下進行反應,以後實施相同之操作。
(結果)表示化合物濃度2μmol/L下之氧化代謝中之殘存率。
化合物No.III-2:90.1%
CYP3A4螢光MBI試驗係對代謝反應之本發明化合物之CYP3A4抑制之增強進行調查的試驗。藉由CYP3A4酶(大腸桿菌表現酶)而使7-苄氧基三氟甲基香豆素(7-BFC)脫苄基化,而生成發出螢光之代謝物7-羥基三氟甲基香豆素(7-HFC)。以7-HFC生成反應為指標而評價CYP3A4抑制。
反應條件係如下所述:受質,5.6μmol/L 7-BFC;預反應時間,0分鐘或30分鐘;反應時間,15分鐘;反應溫度,25℃(室溫);CYP3A4含量(大腸桿菌表現酶),預反應時為62.5pmol/mL,反應時為6.25pmol/mL(10倍稀釋時);本發明化合物濃度0.625、1.25、2.5、
5、10、20μmol/L(6點)。
於96孔盤上,向K-Pi緩衝液(pH值7.4)中將酶、本發明化合物溶液以上述預反應之組成進行添加以作為預反應液,且以經受質與K-Pi緩衝液1/10稀釋之方式將預反應液之一部分移至另一96孔盤上,添加作為輔酶之NADPH,而使作為指標之反應開始(無預反應),反應特定時間後,添加乙腈/0.5mol/L Tris(三羥基胺基甲烷)=4/1(V/V),藉此使反應停止。又,亦向剩餘之預反應液添加NADPH而使預反應開始(有預反應),反應特定時間後,以經受質與K-Pi緩衝液1/10稀釋之方式將一部分移至另一孔盤上,使作為指標之反應開始。反應特定時間後,添加乙腈/0.5mol/L Tris(三羥基胺基甲烷)=4/1(V/V),藉此使反應停止。針對各進行過指標反應之孔盤,利用螢光讀板儀測定作為代謝物之7-HFC之螢光值。(Ex=420nm,Em=535nm)
將於反應系統中僅添加有作為溶解有本發明化合物之溶劑之DMSO者設為對照組(100%),算出以各濃度添加本發明化合物時之殘存活性(%),使用濃度與抑制率,藉由利用羅吉斯模型之逆推定而算出IC50。將IC50值之差為5μmol/L以上之情形設為(+),將IC50值之差為3μmol/L以下之情形設為(-)。
(結果)
化合物No.III-2:(-)
對本發明化合物之誘突變性進行評價。
將冷凍保存之鼠傷寒沙門氏桿菌(Salmonella typhimurium TA98株、TA100株)20μL接種至10mL液體營養培養基(2.5% Oxoid nutrient broth No.2)中,於37℃下進行10小時振盪預培養。關於TA98株,係將9mL之菌液進行離心(2000×g,10分鐘)而去除培養液。使菌懸浮於9mL之Micro F緩衝液(K2HPO4:3.5g/L、KH2PO4:1g/L、
(NH4)2SO4:1g/L、檸檬酸三鈉二水合物:0.25g/L、MgSO4‧7H2O:0.1g/L)中,並添加至110mL之Exposure培養基(包含生物素:8μg/mL、組胺酸:0.2μg/mL、葡萄糖:8mg/mL之MicroF緩衝液)中。關於TA100株,係將3.16mL菌液添加至Exposure培養基120mL中而製備試驗菌液。將本發明化合物DMSO溶液(自最高用量50mg/mL以2~3倍公比進行數階段稀釋)12μL與試驗菌液588μL(於代謝活化條件下,試驗菌液498μL與S9 mix 90μL之混合液)進行混合,作為陰性對照,將DMSO 12μL與試驗菌液588μL(於代謝活化條件下,試驗菌液498μL與S9 mix 90μL之混合液)進行混合,作為陽性對照,若於非代謝活化條件下,則針對TA98株,將50μg/mL之4-硝基喹啉-1-氧化物DMSO溶液12μL與試驗菌液588μL(於代謝活化條件下,試驗菌液498μL與S9 mix 90μL之混合液)進行混合,針對TA100株,將0.25μg/mL之2-(2-呋喃基)-3-(5-硝基-2-呋喃基)丙烯醯胺DMSO溶液12μL與試驗菌液588μL(於代謝活化條件下,試驗菌液498μL與S9 mix 90μL之混合液)進行混合,若於代謝活化條件下,則針對TA98株,將40μg/mL之2-胺基蒽DMSO溶液12μL與試驗菌液588μL(於代謝活化條件下,試驗菌液498μL與S9 mix 90μL之混合液)進行混合,針對TA100株,將20μg/mL之2-胺基蒽DMSO溶液12μL與試驗菌液588μL(於代謝活化條件下,試驗菌液498μL與S9 mix 90μL之混合液)進行混合,於37℃下進行90分鐘振盪培養。將暴露有本發明化合物之菌液460μL混合至Indicator培養基(包含生物素:8μg/mL、組胺酸:0.2μg/mL、葡萄糖:8mg/mL、溴甲酚紫:37.5μg/mL之MicroF緩衝液)2300μL中,以50μL/孔分注微量盤48孔/用量,於37℃下靜置培養3天。包含藉由胺基酸(組胺酸)合成酶基因之突變而獲得增殖能力之菌之孔係由於pH值變化而自紫色變色為黃色,因此對每1用量,48孔中變色為黃色之菌增殖孔進行計數,並與陰性對照群進行比較而評
價。將誘突變性為陰性者以(-)表示,將誘突變性為陽性者以(+)表示。
(結果)
化合物No.III-2:(-)
以本發明化合物之心電圖QT間隔延長危險性評價為目的,使用表現出human ether-a-go-go related gene(hERG)通道之HEK293細胞,而研究本發明化合物對於心室再極化過程中發揮重要作用之延遲整流K+電流(IKr)之作用。
使用全自動膜片鉗系統(PatchXpress 7000A,AxonInstruments Inc.),並藉由全細胞膜片鉗法,將細胞保持為-80mV之膜電位後,記錄賦予了+40mV之去極化刺激2秒鐘,進而賦予了-50mV之再極化刺激2秒鐘時所誘發之IKr。所產生之電流穩定後,將以目標濃度溶解有本發明化合物之細胞外液(NaCl:135mmol/L、KCl:5.4mmol/L、NaH2PO4:0.3mmol/L、CaCl2‧2H2O:1.8mmol/L、MgCl2‧6H2O:1mmol/L、葡萄糖:10mmol/L、HEPES(4-(2-羥基乙基)-1-哌乙磺酸):10mmol/L、pH值=7.4)於室溫下應用於細胞10分鐘。根據所獲得之IKr,並使用解析軟體(DataXpress ver.1,Molecular Devices Corporation),以保持膜電位中之電流值為基準而對最大尾電流之絕對值進行測量。進而,算出應用本發明化合物前之對最大尾電流之抑制率,與介質應用群(0.1%二甲基亞碸溶液)進行比較,評價本發明化合物對IKr之影響。
(結果)表示化合物濃度0.3~10μmol/L下之抑制率。
化合物No.III-2:7.9%
本發明化合物之溶解度係於添加1%DMSO之條件下決定。利用
DMSO製備10mmol/L化合物溶液,將本發明化合物溶液2μL分別添加至JP-1液(向氯化鈉2.0g、鹽酸7.0mL添加水而製成1000mL)、JP-2液(向使磷酸二氫鉀3.40g及無水磷酸氫二鈉3.55g溶解於水中而製成1000mL者1容量添加水1容量)198μL中。於室溫下振盪1小時後,對混液進行過濾。利用甲醇/水=1/1(V/V)對各濾液進行10倍稀釋,藉由絕對校準曲線法,使用LC/MS測定濾液中濃度。
(結果)
化合物No.III-2:42.2μmol/L
向適當之容器添加適量之本發明化合物,向各容器添加JP-1液(向氯化鈉2.0g、鹽酸7.0mL添加水而製成1000mL)、JP-2液(向pH值6.8之磷酸鹽緩衝液500mL添加水500mL)、20mmol/L牛膽酸鈉(TCA)/JP-2液(向TCA1.08g添加JP-2液而製成100mL)各200μL。於試驗液添加後全部溶解之情形時,適當追加本發明化合物。進行密閉並於37℃下振盪1小時後進行過濾,向各濾液100μL添加甲醇100μL而進行2倍稀釋。稀釋倍率係視需要進行變更。確認沒有氣泡及析出物,進行密閉並進行振盪。藉由絕對校準曲線法,使用HPLC定量本發明化合物。
(結果)
化合物No.III-2:JP-1液;7.1μg/mL、JP-2液4.4μg/mL、20mmol/L TCA/JP-2液16.1μg/mL
使用沙氏桿菌(Salmonella typhimurium)TA98、TA100、TA1535、TA1537及大腸桿菌(Escherichia coli)WP2uvrA作為試驗菌株,於利用預培養法之非代謝活化條件下及代謝活化條件下實施Ames試驗,調查本發明之化合物有無基因突變誘發性。
(結果)
化合物No.III-2:(-)
使本發明化合物以目標濃度溶解,於微量盤上,與自脫纖維綿羊血製備之0.1~0.0008%濃度之紅血球浮游液(2.5v/v%)進行混合,使用紫外線螢光燈(GL20SE燈,三共電氣及FL20S-BLB燈,Panasonic),進行UVA及UVB區域中之光照射(10J/cm2、290~400nm)。採集光照射結束後之混合液,進行離心。採集離心後之上清液並移至微量盤後,測定上清液之吸光度(540或630nm),進行基於吸光度之判定。540及630nm下之吸光度分別設為活體膜損傷(光溶血率%)及脂質膜過氧化(高鐵血紅蛋白產生)之指標。將光溶血率未達10%,630nm下之吸光度之變化量未達0.05之情形設為(-),將光溶血率為10%以上,630nm下之吸光度之變化量為0.05以上之情形設為(+)。
(結果)
化合物No.III-2:(-)
圖1及2係表示針對將作為母化合物之化合物III-2進行前體藥物化而成之化合物II-6,測定於非斷食下向大鼠經口投予後之化合物III-2及II-6之血漿中濃度推移而獲得之結果。
又,關於化合物II-6,由於全部血漿樣品中之濃度為定量下限以下,故而可知將作為母化合物之化合物III-2進行前體藥物化而成之化合物II-6係於投予後在活體內迅速地轉換為化合物III-2(參照圖2)。
根據該等試驗結果判明如下情況:經前體藥物化而成之化合物係於經口投予後被吸收至體內而於血中迅速地轉換為母化合物。因此,本發明之化合物可成為作為由於感染流行性感冒病毒而誘發之症狀及/或疾病之治療及/或預防劑有用的醫藥。
靜脈內投予試驗之研究實驗材料與方法
(1)使用動物:使用SD大鼠。
(2)飼養條件:使SD大鼠自由攝取固體飼料及殺菌自來水。
(3)投予量、分群之設定:根據特定之投予量而向靜脈內投予。以下述方式設定群。(每種化合物投予量有變更)
靜脈內投予0.5~1mg/kg(n=2~3)
(4)投予液之製備:靜脈內投予係可溶化後進行投予。
(5)投予方法:靜脈內投予係藉由附帶注射針之注射器自尾靜脈進行投予。
(6)評價項目:經時採血,使用LC/MS/MS對血漿中本發明化合物濃度進行測定。
(7)統計解析:關於血漿中本發明化合物濃度推移,使用非線性最小平方法程式WinNonlin(註冊商標)算出總體清除率(CLtot)及消失半衰期(t1/2,z)。
(結果)
化合物No.III-2:
CLtot:16.4mL/min/kg
t1/2,z:3.4小時
根據以上之結果判明,化合物III-2係總體清除率較低,半衰期較長之化合物。
因此,本發明化合物可成為持續性優異,作為由於感染流行性感冒病毒而誘發之症狀及/或疾病之治療及/或預防劑有用的醫藥。
以下所示之製劑例只不過為例示,並非任何意圖限定發明之範圍者。
將本發明化合物、乳糖及硬脂酸鈣進行混合,進行破碎造粒並進行乾燥,而製成適當尺寸之顆粒劑。繼而添加硬脂酸鈣,進行壓縮成形而製成片劑。
將本發明化合物、乳糖及硬脂酸鈣均勻地進行混合,製成粉末或細粒狀而製作散劑。將其填充於膠囊容器中而製成膠囊劑。
將本發明化合物、乳糖及硬脂酸鈣均勻地進行混合,壓縮成型後,進行粉碎、整粒,進行篩別而製成適當尺寸之顆粒劑。
將本發明化合物及結晶纖維素進行混合,於造粒後進行打錠而製成口腔內崩解錠。
將本發明化合物及乳糖進行混合,進行粉碎、整粒、篩別而製成適當尺寸之乾糖漿。
將本發明化合物及磷酸緩衝液進行混合而製成注射劑。
將本發明化合物及磷酸緩衝液進行混合而製成點滴劑。
將本發明化合物及乳糖進行混合並細微地粉碎,藉此製成吸入劑。
將本發明化合物及凡士林進行混合而製成軟膏劑。
將本發明化合物及黏著石膏等基劑進行混合而製成貼附劑。
本發明之化合物於吸收至體內後具有帽依賴性核酸內切酶(CEN)抑制活性。本發明之化合物可成為作為由於感染流行性感冒病毒而誘發之症狀及/或疾病之治療及/或預防劑有用的醫藥。
Claims (20)
- 一種化合物或其製藥上所容許之鹽,其由以下之式(I)表示,
- 如請求項1之化合物或其製藥上所容許之鹽,其中
- 如請求項1之化合物或其製藥上所容許之鹽,其中
- 如請求項1至3中任一項之化合物或其製藥上所容許之鹽,其中
- 如請求項1之化合物或其製藥上所容許之鹽,其係由以下之任一式表示,
- 如請求項1之化合物或其製藥上所容許之鹽,其由以下之式表示,
- 如請求項1之化合物或其製藥上所容許之鹽,其由以下之式表示,
- 如請求項1之化合物或其製藥上所容許之鹽,其由以下之式表示,
- 如請求項1之化合物或其製藥上所容許之鹽,其由以下之式表示,
- 如請求項1之化合物或其製藥上所容許之鹽,其由以下之式表示,
- 一種化合物或其製藥上所容許之鹽,其由以下之式表示,
- 如請求項1至11中任一項之化合物或其製藥上所容許之鹽,其中PR為選自以下之式a)~ac)之基:a)-C(=O)-PR0、b)-C(=O)-PR1、c)-C(=O)-L-PR1、d)-C(=O)-L-O-PR1、e)-C(=O)-L-O-L-O-PR1、f)-C(=O)-L-O-C(=O)-PR1、g)-C(=O)-O-PR2、h)-C(=O)-N(-K)(PR2)、i)-C(=O)-O-L-O-PR2、j)-C(PR3)2-O-PR4、k)-C(PR3)2-O-L-O-PR4、l)-C(PR3)2-O-C(=O)-PR4、m)-C(PR3)2-O-C(=O)-O-PR4、n)-C(PR3)2-O-C(=O)-N(-K)-PR4、o)-C(PR3)2-O-C(=O)-O-L-O-PR4、p)-C(PR3)2-O-C(=O)-O-L-N(PR4)2、q)-C(PR3)2-O-C(=O)-N(-K)-L-O-PR4、r)-C(PR3)2-O-C(=O)-N(-K)-L-N(PR4)2、s)-C(PR3)2-O-C(=O)-O-L-O-L-O-PR4、t)-C(PR3)2-O-C(=O)-O-L-N(-K)-C(=O)-PR4、u)-C(PR3)2-O-P(=O)(-PR5)2、v)-C(PR3)2-PR6(其中,苄基除外)、w)-C(=N+(PR7)2)(-N(PR7)2)、 x)-C(PR3)2-C(PR3)2-C(=O)-O-PR2、y)-C(PR3)2-N(-K)-C(=O)-O-PR2、z)-P(=O)(-PR8)(-PR9)、aa)-S(=O)2-PR10、ab)-PR11、及ac)-C(PR3)2-C(PR3)2-O-PR2(式中,L為直鏈或支鏈狀之伸烷基、或者直鏈或支鏈狀之伸烯基,K為氫、或可經取代基群A取代之烷基,PR0為可經取代基群A取代之烷基、或可經取代基群A取代之烯基,PR1為可經取代基群A取代之碳環式基、可經取代基群A取代之雜環式基、可經取代基群A取代之烷基胺基、或可經取代基群A取代之烷基硫基,PR2為可經取代基群A取代之烷基、可經取代基群A取代之碳環式基、可經取代基群A取代之雜環式基、可經取代基群A取代之碳環烷基、可經取代基群A取代之雜環烷基、或三烷基矽烷基,PR3分別獨立為氫、烷基,PR4分別獨立為可經取代基群A取代之烷基、可經取代基群A取代之碳環式基、可經取代基群A取代之雜環式基、可經取代基群A取代之烷基胺基、可經取代基群A取代之碳環烷基、可經取代基群A取代之雜環烷基、或三烷基矽烷基,PR5分別獨立為羥基或OBn,PR6為可經取代基群A取代之碳環式基、或可經取代基群A取代之雜環式基,PR7分別獨立為可經取代基群A取代之烷基, PR8為可經取代基群A取代之烷氧基,PR9為可經取代基群A取代之烷氧基、可經取代基群A取代之烷基胺基、可經取代基群A取代之碳環氧基、可經取代基群A取代之雜環氧基、可經取代基群A取代之碳環胺基、或可經取代基群A取代之雜環胺基,並且PR8及PR9可與鄰接之磷原子一起形成可經取代基群A取代之雜環,PR10為可經取代基群A取代之烷基、可經取代基群A取代之碳環式基、可經取代基群A取代之雜環式基、可經取代基群A取代之碳環烷基、或可經取代基群A取代之雜環烷基,PR11為可經取代基群A取代之烷基、可經取代基群A取代之烯基、可經取代基群A取代之碳環式基、或可經取代基群A取代之雜環式基;取代基群A:側氧基、烷基、羥基烷基、胺基、烷基胺基、碳環式基、雜環式基、碳環烷基、烷基羰基、鹵素、羥基、羧基、烷基羰基胺基、烷基羰基胺基烷基、烷基羰氧基、烷氧基羰基、烷氧基羰基烷基、烷氧基羰氧基、烷基胺基羰氧基、烷基胺基烷基、烷氧基、氰基、硝基、疊氮基、烷基磺醯基、三烷基矽烷基、及二氧磷基)。
- 如請求項12之化合物或其製藥上所容許之鹽,其中PR為選自以下之式之基:a)-C(=O)-PR0、b)-C(=O)-PR1、g)-C(=O)-O-PR2、h)-C(=O)-N(-K)(PR2)、i)-C(=O)-O-L-O-PR2、 l)-C(PR3)2-O-C(=O)-PR4、m)-C(PR3)2-O-C(=O)-O-PR4、o)-C(PR3)2-O-C(=O)-O-L-O-PR4、v)-C(PR3)2-PR6(其中,苄基除外)、x)-C(PR3)2-C(PR3)2-C(=O)-O-PR2、y)-C(PR3)2-N(-K)-C(=O)-O-PR2、及z)-P(=O)(-PR8)(-PR9)(式中,L為直鏈或支鏈狀之伸烷基,K為氫、或可經取代基群A取代之烷基,PR0為可經取代基群A取代之烷基,PR1為可經取代基群A取代之碳環式基、或可經取代基群A取代之雜環式基,PR2為可經取代基群A取代之烷基、可經取代基群A取代之碳環式基、可經取代基群A取代之雜環式基、可經取代基群A取代之碳環烷基、或可經取代基群A取代之雜環烷基,PR3分別獨立為氫、或烷基,PR4為可經取代基群A取代之烷基、可經取代基群A取代之碳環式基、或可經取代基群A取代之雜環式基,PR6為可經取代基群A取代之碳環式基、或可經取代基群A取代之雜環式基,PR8為可經取代基群A取代之烷氧基,PR9為可經取代基群A取代之烷氧基、可經取代基群A取代之烷基胺基、可經取代基群A取代之碳環氧基、可經取代基群A取代之雜環氧基、可經取代基群A取代之碳環胺基、或可經取代基群A取代之雜環胺基,並且PR8及PR9可與鄰接之磷原子一起形成可經取代基群A取代之雜 環,取代基群A:側氧基、烷基、烷基胺基、碳環式基、雜環式基、烷基羰基、鹵素、羥基、烷基羰基胺基、烷基羰氧基、烷氧基羰基、烷氧基羰基烷基、烷基胺基羰氧基、烷氧基、硝基、疊氮基、烷基磺醯基、及三烷基矽烷基)。
- 一種化合物或其製藥上所容許之鹽,其由以下之任一式表示,
- 一種化合物或其製藥上所容許之鹽,其由以下之任一式表示,
- 一種醫藥組合物,其含有如請求項1至15中任一項之化合物、其 製藥上所容許之鹽。
- 如請求項16之醫藥組合物,其具有抗病毒作用。
- 如請求項16之醫藥組合物,其具有帽依賴性核酸內切酶抑制作用。
- 一種由具有帽依賴性核酸內切酶之病毒引起之疾病之治療或預防方法,其特徵在於:投予如請求項1至15中任一項之化合物、或其製藥上所容許之鹽。
- 如請求項1至15中任一項之化合物、或其製藥上所容許之鹽,其係用以治療或預防由具有帽依賴性核酸內切酶之病毒引起之疾病。
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CN109721615A (zh) * | 2017-09-18 | 2019-05-07 | 广东东阳光药业有限公司 | 流感病毒复制抑制剂及其用途 |
US11104689B2 (en) * | 2017-09-18 | 2021-08-31 | Sunshine Lake Pharma Co., Ltd. | Influenza virus replication inhibitor and use thereof |
AU2018331172B2 (en) * | 2017-09-18 | 2022-12-01 | Sunshine Lake Pharma Co., Ltd. | Influenza virus replication inhibitor and use thereof |
TWI785116B (zh) * | 2017-09-18 | 2022-12-01 | 大陸商廣東東陽光藥業有限公司 | 流感病毒複製抑制劑及其用途 |
TWI841759B (zh) * | 2019-07-11 | 2024-05-11 | 中國大陸商南京征祥醫藥有限公司 | 可用於治療流感病毒感染之化合物 |
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