TW200813090A - Combinatorial therapy - Google Patents
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- TW200813090A TW200813090A TW096109770A TW96109770A TW200813090A TW 200813090 A TW200813090 A TW 200813090A TW 096109770 A TW096109770 A TW 096109770A TW 96109770 A TW96109770 A TW 96109770A TW 200813090 A TW200813090 A TW 200813090A
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200813090 九、發明說明: 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明係關於一種VEGF拮抗劑及α5β1拮抗劑用於治療 癌症且抑制血管生成及/或抑制血管滲透,包括抑制疾病 之異常血管生成之用途。本發明亦係關於一種VEGFR促效 劑及α5β1促效劑促進血管生成及血管滲透之用途。本發明 亦係關於抗α5β1抗體、包含該等抗α5β1抗體之組合物及套 組及其製造及使用方法。 f 【先前技術】 已充分證實VEGF-A在病理學及非病理學血管生成中之 重要作用。在活體内模型中投與VEGF誘導有效血管生成 反應(Plouet,J等人,(1989) EMBO J. 8:3801-3808 ; Leung, D.W 等人,(1989) Science 246:1306-1309)。喪失單個 VEGF-A對偶基因導致小鼠胚致死(Carmeliet,P等人, (1996) Nature 380:435-439 ; Ferrara,N 等人,(1996) f Nature 380:439-442)。歸因於VEGF誘導血管滲漏之能力, 所以其亦稱為血管滲透因子(Senger,D.R.等人,(1995) Science 219:983-985 ; Dvorak,H.F等人,(1995) Am. J. Pathol. 146:1029-1039)。因此,除其他非病理學血管生成 以外,VEGF-A亦包括發育性血管生成、生殖性血管生成 及骨赂jk管生成。 VEGF-A與兩個受體酪胺酸激酶(RTK) : VEGFR_l(Flt-l) 及 VEGFR-2(KDR、Flk-1)結合。通常認為 VEGFR-2 為 VEGF-A之促有絲分裂、血管生成及增強滲透性效應之主 119493.doc -6- 200813090 要介體。2004年2月,美國食品與藥物管理局(us f⑽d and Drug Administrati〇n)(FDA)已批准貝伐株單抗(bevadz_b)(人 化抗VEGF(血官内皮生長因子)-A單株抗體)與基於5_氟尿 密定(FU)之化予療方案組合治療轉移性結腸直腸癌。隨 後,FDA批准培加替尼(pegaptinibx阻斷vegf_a之個 胺基酸同功異型物之適體)治療濕型(新生血管性)年齡相關 之黃斑部變性(AMD)。 儘管存在該等進[但許多經VEGF枯抗劑治療之患者 最終仍死於其疾病《因此,對發展詩治療不對或僅部分 對VEGF拮抗劑治療反應之疾病之新穎藥劑及治療存在需 要。對發展詩治療由異常血管生成引起或影響之癌症及 惡化疾病之替代及/或更佳治療亦存在需要。 【發明内容】 本發明係關於治療患異常血管生成及/或患腫瘤形成之 將又益於降低之血管生成的患者的藥劑及方法。根據一實 施例,本發明提供抑制個體體内之血管生成及/或血管滲 透之方法,5亥方法包含同時或相繼向個體投與、冶療有效量 之VEGF拮抗劑及,拮抗劑之步驟。根據另—實施例, 本發明提供治療患疾病之個體之方法,其中該個體已對 VEGF#抗』/α療该疾病反應但部分或不再對拮抗劑 反應Θ方去包含向個體投與治療有效量之。职拮抗劑之 步驟。根據另-實施例’本發明提供治療患疾病之個體之 方法’其中該疾病已對單獨或與化學治療組合之α5β1拮抗 劑治療具有抗性或經單獨或與化學治療組合之α5βι枯抗劑 119493.doc 200813090 治療難以治癒,該方法包含向個體投與治療有效量之 VEGF拮抗劑之步驟。 本發明亦係關於新穎的抗α5β1抗體,包含該等抗體之套 組及組合物及其製造或使用方法。根據一實施例,新穎的 抗α5β1抗體為本文所述之7Η5抗體或7Η12抗體,或其人化 或嵌合形式。根據另一特定實施例,7Η5抗體或7Η12抗體 或其人化或嵌合形式可呈Fab、Fab,、F(ab),2、單鏈
Fv(scFv)、Fv片段;雙功能抗體(diabody)、多特異性抗體 及線性抗體形式。根據另一實施例,新穎的抗α 5 β 1抗體可 與另一實體拼合,該另一實體諸如(但不限於)治療劑或螢 光染料或其他偵測患者體内或患者樣品中標記。 該等新穎的α5β1抗體可用於多種治療及診斷方法中。舉例 而言’該等抗α5β1抗體可用於治療異常血管生成、腫瘤形 成、眼部疾病及自體免疫疾病。該等抗體可用於藉由使該 專抗體與患者或患者樣品中之α5 β 1蛋白接觸且定性或定量 測定與α5β1蛋白結合之抗α5β1抗體來偵測患者或患者樣品 中之α5β1蛋白。 根據又一實施例,本發明提供治療個體癌症之方法,該 方法包含同時或相繼投與VEGF拮抗劑及α5β1拮抗劑之步 驟。根據一較佳實施例,癌症係對VEGF拮抗劑治療反 應。在另一實施例中,提供治療患AMD之個體年齡相關之 N斑灸f生(AMD),包括濕型年齡相關之黃斑變性之方法, 該方法包含同時或相繼投與治療有效量之vegj^^抗劑及 α5β1抬抗劑之步驟。在又—實施例中,提供治療個體體内 119493.doc 200813090 自身免疫病之方法,財法包含㈣或相繼投與治療有效 量之VEGF拮抗劑及α5β^#抗劑之步驟。 在貝知例中#初可向待治療之個體投與抗 劑且隨後經α5β1拮抗劑治療。在另—實施例中,個體係同 時經VEGF拮抗劑及α5β1|#抗劑治療。根據另—實施例, 個體係經VEGF拮抗劑治療直至個體不對vegf拮抗劑治療 反應且隨後個體係經α5β1拮抗劑治療。在一特定實施例 中,田癌症為非襲性的或處於早期,則個體係經vegf 拮抗劑治療,且當癌症為侵襲性的,則經α5β"#抗劑治 療。在另一實施例中,與未患疾病之個體之組織相比,經 α5 β 1拮抗劑治療之個體之疾病組織之μ β丨量升高。在此情 況下,該方法可進一步包括經VEGF拮抗劑治療之後,偵 測個體體内(例如)有疾病之組織中之a5pi之步驟。根據一 實加例,知襲性癌症為轉移癌症。根據另一實施例,早期 癌症為經佐劑治療治療之癌症(例如,化學治療或外科切 除)。 在一較佳實施例中,個體係患具有異常血管生成之疾 病。根據另一實施例,疾病係選自由癌症、免疫疾病或眼 部疾病組成之群。根據一較佳實施例,疾病係選自由以下 各病組成之群:實體腫瘤、轉移性腫瘤、軟組織腫瘤、具 有眼部新血管生成之疾病、具有異常血管生成之發炎疾 病、在個體體内移植後引起之疾病及具有維管組織異常增 生之疾病。根據另一較佳實施例,癌症係選自由以下各病 組成之群:乳癌、子宮頸癌、結腸直腸癌、肺癌、非何傑 119493.doc 200813090 金氏淋巴瘤(non_Hodgkins lymphoma)(NHL)、慢性淋巴球 性白血病、腎細胞癌、包括激素難治癒之前列腺癌之前列 腺癌、肝癌、頭頸部癌、黑素瘤、卵巢癌、間皮瘤、軟組 織癌、胃腸基質腫瘤、多形性膠質母細胞瘤及多發性骨髓 •瘤。根據另一較佳實施例,疾病係選自由以下各病組成之 : 群:視網膜病、年齡誘發之黃斑部變性、糖尿病性黃斑部 水腫、虹膜紅變;牛皮癣、牛皮癖關節炎、發炎性腎病、 ζ) 溶血性尿毒性症候群、糖尿病性腎病、關節炎、發炎性腸 疾病、慢性發炎、慢性視網膜剝離、慢性葡萄臈炎、慢性 玻璃體炎、角膜移植排斥、角膜新血管生成、角膜移植新 也ί生成、克羅恩氏病(Crohn’s disease)、近視、眼部新血 管疾病、骨關節炎、佩吉特氏病(Pagets disease)、類天疱 瘡、多動脈炎、雷射後放射狀角膜切開術、視網膜新血管 生成、乾燥症候群(Sogrens syndrome)、潰瘍性結腸炎、 移植排斥、肺發炎、腎病症候群、水腫、惡性腫瘤相關聯 1 / 之腹水、中風、血管纖維瘤及新血管青光眼。在一實施例 中,進一步向個體投與選自由抗贅生性藥劑、化學治療劑 β 及細胞毒素藥劑組成之群之治療劑。 : 根據本發明之一較佳實施例,經α5ρ1拮抗劑治療之個體 Λ 係在VEGF拮抗劑治療之後遭受復發或變得VEGF拮抗劑治 療難治癒。根據另一實施例,經α5β1拮抗劑及VEGF拮抗 Μ /〇療之個體係患轉移性癌或之前已經佐劑治療治療。該 等疾病之實例包括(但不侷限於)轉移性結腸直腸癌、復發 轉移性結腸直腸癌、轉移性乳癌、復發轉移性乳癌、轉移 119493.doc -10- 200813090 性HER2 +乳癌、佐劑性乳癌、佐劑性HER2 +乳癌、轉移性 騰腺癌、佐劑性結腸癌、佐劑性非小細胞肺癌、佐劑性直 腸癌、佐劑性非小細胞肺癌、轉移性非小細胞肺癌、轉移 性卵巢癌、轉移性腎細胞癌及佐劑性腎細胞癌。 根據一實施例,在疾病經VEGF拮抗劑治療之後,向患 :本文所述之疾病之個體投與維持治療,其中該維持治療僅 為α5β1拮抗劑或相繼或同時為α5β1拮抗劑及VEGF拮抗 ,、 劑。 C · 根據一較佳實施例,VEGF拮抗劑可選自由以下各物組 成之群:抗體、免疫黏著素、肽體(peptibody)、小分子及 在嚴格條件下與編碼VEGF之核酸分子雜交之核酸(例如, 核糖酶、siRNA及適體)。根據一較佳實施例,VEGF拮抗 劑為抗體。根據另一實施例’抗體為单株抗體。根據一較 佳實施例,抗VEGF抗體能夠由Avastin®抗體競爭性抑制 與人類VEGF結合。根據另一實施例,抗VEGF抗體為人類 (; 的、人化的或嵌合的。根據一特定實施例,抗VEGF抗體 為Avastin®抗體。根據另一實施例,抗VEGF抗體係選自 - 由以下各物組成之群:Fab、Fab,、F(ab),2、單鏈 : Fv(scFv)、Fv片段;雙功能抗體及線性抗體。根據另一實 • 施例,VEGF拮抗劑為結合VEGF及α5β1之雙特異性抗體且 為α5β1#抗劑。 根據一較佳實施例,α5 β 1拮抗劑可選自由以下各物組成 之群:抗體、免疫黏著素、肽體、小分子及在嚴格條件下 與編碼α5β1之核酸分子雜交之核酸。根據一較佳實施例, 119493.doc -11 - 200813090
α5β 1拮抗劑為抗體。根據另一實施例,抗體為單株抗體。 根據另一實施例,單株抗體為嵌合抗體,諸如稱為Μ200 或F200之抗人類α5β1抗體。根據一實施例,抗α5β1抗體包 含SEQ ID ΝΟ:1之VH序列及SEQ ID ΝΟ:2之VL序列。根據 另一實施例,抗α5β1抗體包含SEQ ID NCh3序列及SEQ ID : NO:4序列。根據另一實施例,抗α5β1抗體包含SEQ ID NO:4序列及SEQ ID ΝΟ··5序列。根據一較佳實施例,抗 α5β1抗體與人類α5β1結合能夠受7Η5抗體或7Η12抗體競爭 (.5 性抑制。根據一較佳實施例,抗α5β1抗體為人類的、人化 的或嵌合的。根據一特定實施例,抗α5 β 1抗體為7Η5抗 體、7Η12抗體或其嵌合抗體或人化抗體。根據另一實施 例,抗α5β1抗體係選自由以下各物組成之群Fab、Fab,、 F(ab)’2、單鏈Fv(scFv)、Fv片段;雙功能抗體及線性抗 體。根據另一實施例,α5β1拮抗劑為結合VEGF及α5β1之 雙特異性抗體且為VEGF拮抗劑。 Q 根據一實施例,VEGF拮抗劑或α5β1拮抗劑係與細胞毒 素藥劑或化學治療劑拼合。根據另一實施例,細胞毒素藥 • 劑為放射性同位素或毒素。 ; 本發明提供包含VEGF拮抗劑、α5β1拮抗劑及醫藥學上. , 可接受之載劑之組合物。本發明亦提供包含偵測已經 VEGF拮抗劑治療之個體體内之α5βΐ的說明書的產品。 本發明亦係關於VEGFR促效劑及α5β1促效劑促進血管生 成及血管滲透之用途及包含VEGF促效劑及α5β1促效劑及 醫藥學上可接受之載劑之組合物。VEGFR促效劑及α5β1促 119493.doc -12- 200813090 效劑組合治療可用於治療多種將自增加之企管生成及血管 滲透獲益之疾病,包括(例如)用於傷口癒合,諸如用於= 療慢性傷口、急性傷口及正常傷口。 【實施方式】 在不受理論限制之情況下,吾人提出增加之基質細胞募 : 集可將其他可補償經VEGF拮抗劑治療治療之患者體内 VEGF活性之損失之血管生長因子帶至病態位點。用抗 〇 a5bl抗體靶向a5bl表現之基質細胞可導致基質細胞降低, 仗而降低潛在的補償血管生長因子之產量。或者或另外, 提出抑制内皮-細胞外基質相互作用且尤其抑制α5β1結合 相互作用將增強VEGF拮抗劑治療,歸因於VEGF拮抗劑治 療藉由使血管退化抑制血管生成沿細胞外基質蹤跡返回來 增強。因此,同時或在任何VE(3F拮抗劑治療之後用 拮抗劑治療可抑制血管自VEGF拮抗劑治療恢復,且因此 使新血管生長回返。 U ”a5pll^na5bl”為包含兩個不同蛋白質(亦即,α5及01之 亞單元)之整合素。已展示“口丨與黏連蛋白、L1-cAM及纖 維蛋白原結合。Μβ〗整合素亦稱為極晚活化分子 : Late Activation-5)、VLA-5、α5β1、CD49e/CD29、黏連蛋 * 白文體、FNR& GPIc_Ha。根據一較佳實施例,為人 類α5β1 〇 亦稱為CD49e、α5、整合素α5亞單元、VLA-5a亞單元、 GPIc-IIa之1C亞單元且FNRa鏈之,,α5π具有4種由替代剪接 (A-D)產生之同功異型物。其在其細胞質域内變化。心之 119493.doc 200813090 人類同功異型物之胺基酸序列分別可見於(例如)基因庫寄 存編號:X07979、U33879、U33882 及 U33880 ° ,,β1π亦稱為 CD29、βΐ、血小板GPIIa ; VLA-β 鏈;β-l 整 合素鏈、CD29 ; FNRB ; MDF2 ; VLAB ; GPIIA ; MSK12 及VLA5B。人類βΐ之胺基酸序列可見於(例如)基因庫寄存 編號 Χ06256。 如本文所使用之術語n VEGF”或"VEGF”係指如Leung等 人,*SW⑼π,246:1306 (1989)及 Houck 等人,Mo/·五 5:1806 (1991)所述之165個胺基酸之人類血管内皮細皰生 長因子及相關121個、189個及206個胺基酸之人類血管内 皮細胞生長因子,以及天然存在之其對偶基因形式及經加 式之形式。術語nVEGF”亦係指來自諸如小鼠、大鼠或靈 長類之非人類物種之VEGF。有時來自特定物種之VEGF由 諸如用於人類VEGF之hVEGF、用於鼠類VEGF之mVEGF等 之術語指示。術語”VEGF,,亦用於指包含165個胺基酸之人 類血管内皮細胞生長因子之胺基酸8至109或1至109之多肽 的截斷形式。在本申請案中,f’VEGF(8-109)n、nVEGF(l-109)"或”VEGF165”等同提及任何該等形式之VEGF。π截斷” 原生VEGF之胺基酸位置係如原生VEGF序列中所指示編 號。舉例而言,截斷原生VEGF中之胺基酸位置17(甲硫胺 酸)亦為原生VEGF中之位置17(甲硫胺酸)。與原生VEGF相 比,截斷原生VEGF對KDR及Flt-Ι受體具有結合親和力。 根據一較佳實施例,VEGF為人類VEGF。 ,’VEGF拮抗劑”係指能夠中和、P且斷、抑制、取消、降 119493.doc -14- 200813090 低或干擾VEGF活性之分子,包括其與VEGF或一或多 VEGF受體或編碼其之核酸之結合。VEGF拮抗劑較佳結合 VEGF或VEGF受體。VEGF拮抗劑包括抗VEGF抗體及其抗 原結合片段,結合VEGF及VEGF受體且阻斷配位體-受體 相互作用之多肽(例如,免疫黏著素、肽體),抗VEGF受體 抗體及諸如VEGFR絡胺酸激酶之小分子抑制劑之VEGF受 體拮抗劑,結合VEGF之適體及在嚴格條件下與編碼VEGF 或VEGF受體之核酸序列雜交之核酸(例如,RNAi)。根據 C ί 一較佳實施例,VEGF拮坑劑與VEGF結合且在活體外抑制 VEGF誘導之内皮細胞增殖。根據一較佳實施例,VEGF拮 抗劑與VEGF或VEGF受體以比非VEGF或非VEGF受體更高 之親和力結合。根據一較佳實施例,VEGF拮抗劑與VEGF 或VEGF受體以1 μΜ與1 PM之間的Kd結合。根據另一較佳 實施例,VEGF拮抗劑與VEGF或VEGF受體以500 nM至1 pM結合。 (j 根據一較佳實施例,VEGF拮抗劑係選自由以下各物組 成之群:諸如抗體之多肽、肽體、免疫黏著素、小分子或 ‘ 適體。在一較佳實施例中,抗體為諸如AVASTIN®抗體之
; 抗VEGF抗體或諸如抗VEGFR2或抗VEGFR3抗體之抗VEGF , 受體抗體。VEGF拮抗劑之其他實例包括:VEGF-Trap、
Mucagen、PTK787、SU11248、AG-013736、Bay 439006(索 拉菲尼(sorafenib))、ZD-6474、CP632、CP-547632、AZD-2171、CDP-171、SU-14813、CHIR-258、AEE-788、 SB786034 、 BAY579352 、 CDP-791 、 EG - 3306 、 GW- 119493.doc -15- 200813090 786034、RWJ-417975/CT6758及 KRN-633。
,,抗VEGF抗體,1為以足夠親和力及與VEGF特異性結合之 抗體。本發明之抗VEGF抗體較佳可用作靶向且干擾涉及 VEGF活性之疾病或病狀之治療劑。抗VEGF抗體通常應不 與其他諸如VEGF-B或VEGF-C之VEGF同源物亦不與其他 諸如P1GF、PDGF或bFGF之生長因子結合。較佳抗VEGF 抗體為單株抗體,其與與由融合瘤ATCC HB 10709產生之 單株抗VEGF抗體A4.6.1相同之抗原決定基結合。抗VEGF (: 抗體更佳為根據Presta等人,(1997) Cancer Res· 57:4593-4599產生之重組人化抗VEGF單株抗體,其包括(但不限於) 稱為貝伐株單抗(BV ; Avastin®)之抗體。根據另一實施 例,可使用之抗VEGF抗體包括(但不限於)WO 2005/012359中所揭示之抗體。根據一實施例,抗VEGF抗 體包含WO 2005/0123 59之圖24、25、26、27及29揭示之抗 體(例如,G6、G6-23、G6-31、G6-23.1、G6-23.2、B20、 〇 B20-4及B20.4.1)之任一者之可變重區及可變輕區。 亦稱為,,rhuMAb VEGF"或 ’’Avastin®” 之抗 VEGF抗體”貝 伐株單抗(BV)"為根據 Presta等人,(1997) Cancer Res. 57:4593-4599產生之重組人化抗VEGF單株抗體。其包含突 變人類IgGl構架區及來自阻斷人類VEGF與其受體結合之 鼠類抗hVEGF單株抗體Α·4·6·1之抗原結合互補判定區。貝 伐株單抗之胺基酸序列之約93%(包括大部分構架區)係源 自人類IgGl且該序列之約7%係源自鼠類抗體Α4.6.1。貝伐 株單抗具有約149,000道爾頓之分子質量且經糖基化。其 119493.doc -16- 200813090 他抗VEGF抗體包括美國專利第6884879號及WO 2005/044853 中所述之抗體。 ’’α5 β 1括抗劑π係指任何抑制α5β 1之生物活性之分子。根 據一較佳實施例,拮抗劑分子特異性地結合α5β1。根據一 較佳實施例’拮抗劑分子與α5結合。根據一較佳實施例, : α5 β 1拮抗劑較佳以相對於非α5 β 1整合素更高的親和力結合 α5β1。根據一較佳實施例,拮抗劑係選自由以下各物組成 (、 之群·諸如抗體之多肽,肽體或免疫黏著素,小分子或抑 制α5β 1與其配位體(尤其,黏連蛋白)結合之適體或在嚴袼 條件下與編碼α5 β 1之核酸分子雜交之核酸(例如,干擾α5 表現之RNAi)。α5 β 1之生物活性可為選自由以下各效應組 合之群之效應的任一種組合或所有:(丨)與黏連蛋白結合, (2)增強黏連蛋白上之細胞遷移,(3)黏連蛋白在存在下增 加包含α5β1之細胞存活’(4)在黏連蛋白存在下增加包含 α5β1之細胞之增殖及(5)在黏連蛋白存在下增加包含α5β1 (J 之細胞之管形成。 抗α5β1拮抗劑抗體之實例包括Μ200及F200(WO ' 2004/089988A2)、本文所述之7H5抗體及7H12抗體,及其後 合的、完全的人類及人化抗體。舉例而言,M200及F200 抗體可源自小鼠抗人類α5β1抗體,nA1(Pharmingen,San Diego,Ca)之可變重鏈及可變輕鏈。α5β 1小分子抑制劑之 實例包括 Ac-PHSCN-NH2(WO-9822617Al)及(S)-2-[(2,4,6- 二甲基苯基)績醯基]胺基-3-[7-苄基氧基羰基- 8-(2-吼咬基 胺基甲基)-1-氧雜-2,7-二氮雜螺-(4,4)-壬-2-烯-3-基]羰基胺 119493.doc -17- 200813090 基]丙酸。根據一較佳實施例,α5β 1拮抗劑結合α5β丨且不 結合ανβ3或ανβ5或ανβΐ。根據一較佳實施例,α5βΐ拮抗 劑以1 μΜ與1 ρΜ之間的Kd與α5β1結合。根據另一較佳實 施例,α5β1拮抗劑以500 ηΜ與1 ρΜ之間的Kd與α5結合。 根據一較佳實施例,α5β1抗體為在競爭性結合檢定中可與 7Η5抗體或7Η12抗體競爭與α5β1結合之抗體。根據另一較 佳實施例,抗體為由2006年3月7日寄存為α5/β1 7H5.4.2.8(ATCC NO· ΡΤΑ-7421)之融合瘤或寄存為 α5/β1 7H12.5.1.4(ATCC NO. ΡΤΑ_7420)之融合瘤產生之抗體競爭 性抑制與α5β1結合的抗體。 n VEGFR促效劑”係指可使VEGF受體活化或增加其表現 之分子。VEGFR促效劑包括(但不限於)(例如)VEGFR、 VEGF變異體、抗體及活性片段之配位體促效劑。 πα5β1促效劑”係指可使α5βΐ活化或增加其表現之分子。 α5β1促效劑包括(但不限於)(例如)以外丨之配位體促效劑。 〇 以與靶上之重疊或類似區域結合為特徵之諸如抗體之分 子可由競爭性抑制/結合檢定鑑別。 Λ 在一實施例中,表現α5β1之HUVEC或其他細胞係用於 : 競爭性抑制檢定且FACS係用於評估兩個抗α5β1抗體相互 • 之間的結合位置。舉例而言,可將HUVEC細胞在錐形管 中洗條且在1〇〇〇 rpm下旋轉5 min。通常將小球洗滌兩次。 隨後’將細胞再懸浮、計數且在使用前保持於冰上。可將 100 μΐ弟一抗α5β 1抗體(例如,起始為1吨/⑹之濃度或更低 之濃度)添加至孔中。接著,可將1〇〇 例如,2〇x1〇a5個 119493.doc • 18 - 200813090 細胞)細胞添加至每個孔中且在冰上培育30 min。接著,可 將100 μΐ經生物素標記之抗α5β1抗體(儲備濃度為5 pg/ml) 添加至各孔中且在冰上培育30 min。隨後,將細胞洗滌且 在1000 rpm下成球5 min。將上清液抽吸。將第二抗體R-藻 紅蛋白拼合之抗生蛋白鏈菌素(Jackson 016-110-084)添加 至孔中(100 μΐ,1:1000)。接著,將板包裏於箔片中且在冰 上培育30 min。培育之後,可將小球洗滌且在1000 rpm下 成球5 min。可將小球再懸浮且轉移至微量滴定管以用於 FACS分析。 π血管生成因子或藥劑’’為刺激血管發育,例如促進血管 生成、内皮細胞生長、企管穩定性及/或血管發生等之生 長因子。舉例而言,血管生成因子包括(但不限於)(例 如)VEGF及VEGF家族之成員、P1GF、PDGF家族、纖維母 細胞生長因子(fibroblast growth factor)家族(FGF)、TIE 配 位體(血管生成素)、Eph受體之配體(ephrin)、Del-1、纖維 母細胞生長因子:酸性(aFGF)及驗性(bFGF)、卵泡抑素 (Follistatin)、粒細胞集落刺激因子(Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor)(G-CSF) 、 肝 細胞生 長因子 (Hepatocyte growth factor)(HGF)/散射因子(scatter factor)(SF)、介白 素-8(IL-8)、瘦素(Leptin)、中期因子(Midkine)、胎盤生長 因子(Placental growth factor)、血小板源性内皮細胞生長 因子(Platelet-derived endothelial cell growth factor)(PD-ECGF)、 血小板源性生長因子(Platelet-derived growth factor),尤其 PDGF-BB或 PDGFR-β、多效生長因子(Pleiotrophin)(PTN)、 119493.doc -19- 200813090 前顆粒性素(Progranulin)、增殖蛋白(Proliferin)、轉化生 長因子-a(Transforming growth factor-alpha)(TGF-a)、轉化 生長因子 _P(Transforming growth factor-beta)(TGF-p)、腫 瘤壞死因子-a(Tumor necrosis factor-alpha)(TNF-a)、血管 内皮生長因子(Vascular endothelial growth factor)(VEGF)/ 血管滲透因子(vascular permeability factor)(VPF)等。亦可 能包括加速傷口癒合之因子,諸如生長激素、類胰島素生 ^ 長因子-I(IGF-I)、VIGF、表皮生長因子(EGF)、CTGF及其 家族成員及TGF-α及TGF-β。參見,例如Klagsbrun及 D’Amore,乂”㈣.53:217-39 (1991); Streit及 Detmar,22:3172-3179 (2003) ; Ferrara及 Alitalo, Me心5(12):1359-1364 (1999) ; Tonini等人, 22:6549-6556 (2003)(例如,列出已知血管生成 因子之表 1);及Sato /此 C7b. (9/7co/·,8:200-206 (2003) 〇 在一較佳實施例中,根據發明之抗VEGF抗體之’’Kd"或 (; ’’反(1值π係如下列檢定所述由用Fab型抗體及VEGF分子執行 之放射性標記VEGF結合檢定(RIA)量測,該下列檢定藉由 ^ 在未標記之VEGF滴定系列存在下使Fab與(1251)標記之 ; VEGF(109)之最小濃度平衡,隨後用經抗Fab抗體塗佈之板 .捕獲結合VEGF來量測VEGF之Fab之溶液結合親和力(Chen 等人,(1999) J· Mol Biol 293:865-881)。為建立檢定之條 件,將微量滴定板(Dynex)用於50 mM碳酸鈉(pH 9.6)中之 5 pg/ml捕獲之抗Fab抗體(Cappel Labs)塗佈隔夜,且隨 後在室溫下(大約23°C)用於PBS中之2% (w/v)牛血清白 119493.doc -20- 200813090 蛋白阻斷2至5個小時。在非吸附性板(Nunc #269620)中, 將 100 pM 或 26 pM[125I]VEGF(109)與所關注之Fab(例如, Fab -12)之連續稀釋液混合(Presta等人,(1997) Cancer Λα· 57:4593-4599)。隨後,將所關注之Fab培育隔夜;然而培 育可能持續65小時以確保達到平衡。此後,將混合物轉移 至捕獲板以在室溫下培育1小時。隨後,將溶液移除且將 板用於PBS中之0.1%吐溫-20(Tween_20)洗滌8次。當板已 乾燥時,添加 150 μΐ/孔閃爍體(MicroScint-20 ; Packard), 且將板在Topcoimty計數管(Packard)上計數10分鐘。選擇 產生小於或等於最大結合之20%之各Fab的濃度以用於競 爭性結合檢定。根據另一實施例,Kd或Kd值係藉由使用 表面電漿共振檢定使用BIAcoi*eTM-2000 *BIAcoreTM-3000(BIAcore, Inc·,Piscataway,NJ)在 25°C 下用固定 hVEGF(8-109)CM5晶片在約10個應答單元(RU)處量測。簡 言之,根據供應商之說明書,將羧基曱基化右旋糖苷生物 傳感器晶片(CM5,BIAcore Inc.)用N-乙基-Ν·-(3_二曱基胺 基丙基)-碳化二醯亞胺鹽酸鹽(EDC)及Ν-羥基丁二醯亞胺 (NHS)活化。在以5微升/分鐘之流速注射之前,將人類 VEGF 用 10 mM 乙酸鈉(pH 4.8)稀釋為 5 pg/ml(約 〇·2 μΜ)以 獲得大約10個具有偶合蛋白之應答單元(RU)。注射人類 VEGF之後,注射1 Μ乙醇胺以阻斷未反應之基團。就動力 學量測而言,在25°C下,以大約25微升/分鐘之流速注射於 具有 0.05% 吐溫 20 之 PBS(PBST)中之 Fab(0.78 πΜ 至 500 nM) 之兩倍連續稀釋液。使用一對一朗繆爾結合模型 119493.doc -21- 200813090 (Langmuir binding model)(BIAcore 評估軟體 3 2 版本 (BIAc‘ore Evaluation Software version 3.2))藉由使締合及解 離感應譜同時擬合來計算締合速率(kQn)及解離速率(k。^)。 平衡解離常數(Kd)係計算為比率k()ff/k()n。參見,例如Chen, Y ’ 等人,(1999) 乂 293:865-881。若由上述表面 電漿共振檢定on-速率超過1〇6 M-h·1,則on-速率可藉由使 用螢光泮滅技術(激發=295 nm ;發射=340 nm,帶通為16 nm)測定,該螢光淬滅技術在251下在如諸如停流裳備之 光譜光度計(Aviv Instruments)或 8000-series SLM—Amine〇 光譜光度計(ThermoSpectronic)之光譜計所量測人類vegf 短形式(8-109)或小鼠VEGF之濃度存在增加下用經攪拌之 比色管量測於PBS(PH 7.2)中之20 nM抗VEGF抗體(Fab形 式)之螢光發射強度之增加或減少。可使用““作為靶執 行類似結合檢定測定抗Fab之Kd。 如本文所使用,待治療之個體為哺乳動物(例如,人 類、非人類靈長類、大鼠、小鼠、母牛、馬、豬、羊、山 羊、狗、貓等)。個體可為臨床患者、臨床試驗志願者、 實驗動物等。可懷疑個體具有以下各病或處於以下各病之 風險中:癌症、免疫病或任何其他具有異常血管生成之疾 病,個體可經診斷具有癌症、免疫病或任何其他具有異常 血管生成之疾病。此項技術中已知許多診斷癌症、免疫病 或任何其他展示異常血管生成之疾病之方法及彼等疾病之 臨床描繪。根據一較佳實施例,根據發明之待治療之個體 為人類。 119493.doc -22- 200813090 當疾病狀態中新血管過度或不適當生長(例如,自醫學 觀點,血管生成之位置、定時或發作)或新血管過度或不 適當生長以致引起疾病狀態時,出現術語異常血管生成。 f在諸如以下各射存在促使疾病狀態惡化或彳丨起疾病狀 - 悲之新血管生長時,出現過度、不適當或不受控制之血管 : 生成·癌症,尤其血管化實體腫瘤及轉移性瘤(包括結腸 癌、肺癌(尤其小細胞肺癌)或前列腺癌);由眼部新血管生 f; 成引起之疾病,尤其糖尿病性眼盲病、視網膜病、原發性 糖尿病性性視網臈病或年齡誘發之黃斑部變性、贩絡膜新 血管生成(CNV)、糖尿病性黃斑部水腫、病理學近視、逢 希伯-林道疾病(von Hippel-Lindau disease)、眼部之組織漿 菌病、中樞視網膜靜脈阻塞(Central Retinal Vein Occlusion)(CRVO)、角膜新血管生成、視網膜新血管生成 及虹膜紅變;牛皮癖、牛皮癖關節炎、諸如血管瘤之血管 母細胞瘤;發炎性腎疾病,諸如絲球體腎炎,尤其膜增殖 ί, 性絲球體腎炎(mesangioPr〇Hferative gl〇merul〇nephritis)、 溶血性尿毒性症候群、糖尿病性腎病或高血壓腎硬化;各 •種發炎性疾病,諸如關節炎,尤其類風濕性關節炎、發炎 : 性腸疾病、牛皮癬、肉狀瘤病、動脈硬化及移植後出現之 • 疾病、子宮内膜異位或慢性哮喘及7〇種以上的其他病狀。 新血管可饋料至病組織、破壞正常組織且在癌症之情況 下,新血管可使腫瘤細胞逸入循環中且進入其他器官(腫 瘤轉移)。本發明涵蓋治療彼等處於發展上述疾病之風險 中之患者。 119493.doc -23- 200813090 其他接受本發明之抗體或多肽之候選者之患者具有以下 各病或處於發展以下各病之風險中:維管組織之異常增 殖、紅斑痤瘡、後天性免疫不全症候群、動脈阻塞、異位 I*生角膜k '細囷潰瘍、白塞病(Bechets disease)、血液媒 ;1腫瘤、頸動脈阻塞性疾病、脈絡膜新血管生成、慢性發 炎、慢性視網膜剝離、慢性葡萄膜炎、慢性玻璃體炎、隱 形眼鏡過度磨損、角膜移植排斥、角膜新血管生成、角膜 移植新血管生成、克羅恩氏病、伊爾斯氏病(Eales disease)、流行性角膜結膜炎、真菌潰癌、單純神疱疼咸 染(Herpes simplex infecti〇n)、帶狀疱疹感染(Herpes z〇ster infection)、黏性過大症候群、卡波濟氏肉瘤(Kap〇si,s sarcoma)、白血病、脂質變性、萊姆病(Lyme,s disease)、 邊緣角質層分離、木雷潰瘍(Mooren ulcer)、非麻瘋病之 为枝才干鹵感染(Mycobacteria infection)、近視、眼部新血 管疾病、視窩、奥早症候群(Osier-Weber syndrome)(Osler_ Weber-Rendu)、骨關節炎、佩吉特氏病(Pagets disease)、 睫狀體平坦部炎、類天疮瘡、泡性角結膜炎 (phylectenulosis)、多動脈炎、雷射後併發症、原生動物感 染、彈性假黃瘤、乾燥性翼狀胬肉角膜炎、放射狀角膜切 開術、視網膜新血管生成、早產兒視網膜病、晶狀體後纖 維組織形成、類肉瘤、鞏膜炎、鐮刀型細胞貧血症、乾燥 症候群(Sogrens syndrome)、實體腫瘤、Stargart氏病、史 蒂芬-約翰遜病(Steven’s Johnson disease)、上邊緣角膜 炎、梅毒、糸統性狼瘡、Terrien氏角膜邊緣變性(Terrien’s 119493.doc -24- 200813090 marginai degeneration)、弓形蟲病、外傷、尤文氏肉瘤 (Ewing Sarcoma)腫瘤、神經母細胞瘤腫瘤、骨肉瘤腫瘤、 成視網膜細胞瘤腫瘤、橫紋肌肉瘤腫瘤、潰瘍性結腸炎、 月夢脈阻塞、維生素A缺乏症及韋格納氏肉芽腫 sarccndosis)、糖尿病相關聯之不想要的血管生成、寄生蟲 病、異常傷口癒合、手術後肥大(hypenr〇phy f〇u〇wing -gery)、損傷或外傷、毛生長抑制、排印抑制及黃體形 成、植入抑制及子宮内胚胎發育抑制。 抗血管生成治療係適用於以下各病之一般治療:移植排 斥肺火、'病症候群、子癇前期、諸如心包炎相關聯之 心包滲出之心包滲出及胸腔滲出,以不想要之血管滲透為 特倣之疾病及病症,例如腦腫瘤相關聯之水腫、惡性腫瘤 相關聯之腹水、梅格斯氏症候群(Meigs,”以⑺⑽卜肺 炎、腎病症候群、心包滲出、胸膜滲出、諸如心肌梗塞及 中風之後的病狀之心血管疾病相關聯之滲透,及其類似疾 病。 根據t明其他血管生成相關疾病包括企管纖維瘤(有 出血傾向之血管之異常血液)、新血管青光眼(眼睛中血管 之生長)、動靜脈畸形(動脈與靜脈之間的異常連通)、不癒 合性骨折(不能治癒之骨折)、動脈粥樣硬化斑(動脈硬 化)、膿性肉芽腫(包括血管之常見皮膚病變)、硬皮病(結 締組織疾病之一種)、血管瘤(包括血管之腫瘤)、沙眼(在 第一世界,失明之主要原因)、嗜血關節、血管黏著性及 肥厚性瘢痕(異常瘢痕形成)。 119493.doc -25- 200813090 ”治療”係指治療性治療與預防性(pr〇phylactic或 preventative)措施。彼等需要治療之患者包括彼等已具有 病症之患者以及彼等體内之病症待預防之患者。 術π口重複出現、"復發’’(’’relapse,,或"relapsed,,)係指臨 床評定疾病消失之後,癌症或疾病之回復。遠處轉移或局 部重複出現之診斷可視為復發。 術語"難以治癒"或"抵抗性"係指不對治療反應之癌症或
疾病。 "τ、 A ·节Θ 丁 Κ更,戶f給 予之治療。癌症或疾病之佐劑治療可包括免疫治療、化學 治療、放射療法或激素治療。 術語"維持治療"係指有助於維持上述治療效應而給予之 定期再治療。料㈣維㈣療以有助於使癌症保持在症 狀級解狀‘4或不考慮疾錢展延長對特定治療之反應。 術:"侵襲性癌症”係指已蔓延超出組織之層的癌症,在 該組織中癌症開始進人正f的周㈣織中。 能具有轉移性或可能不具有轉移性。 癌症可 非侵襲性癌症"係指極早期之癌症 起源組織之癌症。 不超出 術語”無進展之存活”在腫瘤學中 癌症不生長之時間長度。無進展之2U間及之後, 反應或部分反岸之時子/匕括患者經歷完全 量。 ㈣以及患者經歷穩W病之時間 術語”進展疾病 瘤予中可指自治療開始歸因於腫塊 119493.doc -26 - 200813090 增加或腫瘤蔓延的20%以上的腫瘤生長。 :病症:為任何可自抗體治療受益之病狀。舉例而言,患 異韦血官生成或需要預防異常血管生成(過度、不適當或 不又才工制之a官生成)或金管渗透之哺乳動物。該病症包 : ㈣性及急性病症或疾病,包括彼等使哺乳動物預先患有 ' ㈣論之病症之病理學病狀。本文之待治療之病症的非限 定性實例包括惡性及良性腫瘤;非白血病及淋巴惡性腫 (λ 瘤’神、:元病、神經膠質病、星形細胞病、下丘腦及其他 腺病、巨嗟細晌滤、卜由、由、A所—竹氣 上皮病、基質病及囊胚腔病;及發 炎、血管生成及免疫學病症。 術浯癌症"(”cancer”及”cancer〇us”)係指或描述通常以未 绞凋喊之細胞生長為特徵之哺乳動物之生理病狀。癌症之 實例包括(但不侷限於)癌瘤、淋巴瘤、胚細胞瘤、肉瘤及 白血病。該等癌症之更特定之實例包括鱗狀細胞癌、惡性 膠質瘤、頸癌、卵巢癌、肝癌、膀胱癌、肝瘤、乳癌、結 U 腸癌、結腸直腸癌、子宮内膜癌瘤、唾液腺癌瘤、腎臟癌 (kidney cancer)、腎癌(renai eancer)、前列腺癌、陰門 癌、甲狀腺癌、肝癌瘤、頭頸部癌、直腸癌、結腸直腸 :癌、肺癌(包括小細胞肺癌、非小細胞肺癌、肺腺癌瘤及 肺鱗狀癌瘤)、鱗狀細胞癌(例如,上皮鱗狀細胞癌)、前列 腺癌、腹膜癌、肝細胞癌、胃癌(gastHc或st〇mach cancer)(包括胃腸癌)、胰腺癌、惡性膠質瘤、成視網膜細 胞瘤、星形細胞瘤、卵泡膜細胞瘤、卵巢含睾丸母細胞 瘤、肝瘤、血液惡性腫瘤(包括非何傑金氏淋巴瘤(n〇n- 119493.doc -27- 200813090
Hodgkins lymphoma)(NHL)、多發性骨髓瘤及急性血液惡 性腫瘤)、子宮内膜或子宮癌瘤、子宮内膜異位、纖維肉 瘤、惡性合胞體瘤、唾液腺癌瘤、陰門癌、甲狀腺癌、食 道癌、肝癌瘤、肛門癌瘤、陰莖癌瘤、鼻咽癌瘤、喉癌 瘤、卡波濟氏肉瘤(Kaposi’s sarcoma)、黑素瘤、皮膚癌 :瘤、神經鞘瘤、寡枝神經膠質細胞瘤、神經母細胞瘤、橫 紋肌肉瘤、骨肉瘤、平滑肌肉瘤、泌尿道癌瘤、甲狀腺癌 瘤、威爾姆氏腫瘤(Wilm、tumor)以及B-細胞淋巴瘤(包括 ( 低級/卵泡非霍奇金氏淋巴瘤(NHL)、小淋巴細胞 (SL)NHL、中級/卵泡NHL、中級擴散NHL、高級免疫免疫 母細胞性NHL、高級成淋巴細胞NHL、高級小非核裂細胞 NHL、大體積病NHL、套細胞淋巴瘤、AIDS相關淋巴瘤及 瓦爾登斯特倫氏巨球蛋白血症(Waldenstr〇m,s Macroglobulinemia))、慢性淋巴細胞性白血病(CLL)、急 性淋巴母細胞白血病(ALL)、毛細胞白血病、慢性成髓細 〇 胞白血病及移植後淋巴組織增殖病症(PTLD)以及母斑病相 關聯之異常血管增殖及梅格斯氏症候群。 如本文所使用,"腫瘤"係指所有惡性或良性贅生性細胞 : 生長及增殖,及所有癌症前及癌症細胞或組織。 .術語"抗贅生性組合物"或"抗贅生性藥劑"係指包含至少 一種活性治療劑之適用於治療癌症之組合物,例如,,,抗 癌症藥劑"。治療劑之實例(抗癌藥劑)包括(但不限於)(例 如)化學治療劑、生長抑制劑、細胞毒素間謀、用於放射 ’口療之藥d &血s生成劑、細胞凋亡劑、抗微管蛋白劑 119493.doc -28- 200813090 及其他治療癌症之藥劑,諸如抗HER-2抗體、抗CD20抗 體、表皮生長因子受體(EGFR)拮抗劑(例如,酪胺酸激酶 抑制劑)、HER1/EGFR抑制劑(例如,埃羅替尼 (erlotinib)(TarcevaTM))、血小板源性生長因子抑制劑(例 :如,GleevecTM(曱石黃酸伊馬替尼(Imatinib Mesylate)))、 : COX-2抑制劑(例如,塞來昔布(celecoxib))、干擾素、細 胞激素、與一或多個下列靶結合之拮抗劑(例如,中和抗 體):ErbB2、ErbB3、ErbB4、PDGFR-β、BAFF、BR3、 \ APPJL、BCMA或VEGF受體,TRAIL/Apo2及其他生理活 性及有機化學藥劑等。其組合亦涵蓋於本發明中。 當本文使用’’生長抑制劑”時係指活體外及/或活體内抑制 細胞生長之化合物或組合物。因此,生長抑制劑可為在S 期顯著降低細胞百分率之抑制劑。生長抑制劑之實例包括 阻斷細胞週期進行(在非S期)之藥劑,諸如誘導G1阻滯 (arrest)及]VI期阻滯之藥劑。典型Μ期阻斷劑包括長春花 (j 類(長春新驗(vincristine)及長春花驗(vinblastine)), TAXOL®,及 topo II抑制劑,諸如阿黴素(doxorubicin)、 表柔比星(epirubicin)、道諾黴素(daunorubicin)、依託泊苷 : (etoposide)及博來黴素(bleomycin)。阻滯G1之藥劑亦溢至 • S期阻滯,例如DNA烧化劑,諸如他莫昔芬(tamoxifen)、 潑尼松(prednisone)、達卡巴唤(dacarbazine)、氮芥 (mechlorethamine)、川頁始(cisplatin)、曱胺嗓呤(methotrexate)、 5-氟尿痛σ定(5-fluorouracil)及阿拉伯糖苦(ara-C)。其他資 訊可見於The Molecular Basis of Cancer,Mendelsohn及 119493.doc -29- 200813090
Israel 編,第 1 章,由 M^urakami 專人’標題為 ’’Cell cycle regulation, 〇nc〇genes,and antineoplastic drugs n(WB
Saunders: PhiladelPhla,1995),尤其第 13 頁。 如本文所使用’術語”細胞毒素劑”係指抑制或阻止細胞 功能及/或引起細胞破壞之物質。該術語意欲包括放射性 同位素(例如I131、1125、丫9()及Rel86),化學治療劑,及毒 素,諸如細菌、真菌 '植物或動物來源之酶活性毒素或其 片段。 ,,化學治療劑"為適周於癌症治療之化合构°化學治療劑 之實例包括適用於治療癌症之化合物。化學治療劑之實例 包括烧化劑,諸如嗟替派(thiotePa)及CYT0XAN®環磷醯 胺;烧基石黃酸鹽’諸如白消安(busuifan)、英丙舒凡 (improsulfan)及略泊舒凡(piposulfan);氮丙咬,諸如苯幷 多巴(benzodopa)、卡波醮(carboquone)、麥曲多巴 (meturedopa)及脲多巴(uredopa);伸乙基亞胺類 (ethylenimines)及甲基三聚氰胺類(methylamelamines),包 括六甲蜜胺(altretamine)、三伸乙基三聚氰胺 (triethylenemelamine)、三伸乙基磷醯胺(triethylene· phosphoramide) > 三伸乙基硫代填醯胺(triethylenethio-phosphoramide)及三羥甲基三聚氰胺(trimethylolo-melamine);番篇枝内@旨(acetogenins)(尤其是布拉他辛 (bullatacin)及布拉他辛酮(bullatacinone));喜樹驗 (camptothecin)(包括合成類似物托泊替康(topotecan));苔 蘚蟲素(bryostatin);卡利斯塔叮(callyStatin); CC-1065(包 119493.doc •30- 200813090 括其阿多來新(adozelesin)、卡折來新(carzelesin)及比折來 新(bizelesin)合成類似物);念珠藻環肽類(cryptophycins)(尤 其是念珠藻環肽1及念珠藻環肽8);海兔毒素(dolastatin); 多卡黴素(duocarmycin)(包括合成類似物、KW-2189及 CB1-TM1);艾榴素(eleutherobin);盤克斯塔叮 (pancratistatin);沙考的汀(sarcodictyin);海綿素(spongistatin); 氮芥類,諸如苯丁酸氮芥(chlorambucil)、萘氮芬 (chlornaphazine)、氣填酸胺(cholophosphamide)、雌莫司 汀(estramustine)、異環碟醢胺(ifosfamide)、氮齐 (mechlorethamine)、 鹽酸氮芥氧化物、美法命 (melphalan)、新氮茶(novembichin)、膽固醇苯乙酸氮芬 (phenesterine)、松龍苯芥(prednimustine)、曲石粦胺 (trofosfamide)、尿嘴 σ定芥(uracil mustard);亞硝基脲類 (nitrosureas),諸如卡莫司汀(carmustine)、氯脲黴素 (chlorozotocin)、福莫司汀(fotemustine)、洛莫司汀(lomustine)、 尼莫司汀(nimustine)及拉甯司汀(ranimnustine);抗生素, 諸如烯二炔類(enediyne)抗生素(例如,刺孢黴素 (calicheamicin),尤其是刺抱黴素γΐΐ及刺孢黴素ΩΙ1(參見 例如 Agnew,Chem Inti·編 Engl·,33: 183-1 86 (1994));達 黴素(dynemicin),包括達黴素A;雙膦酸鹽,諸如氯屈膦 酸鹽(clodronate);艾斯帕黴素(esperamicin);以及新制癌 菌素(neocarzinostatin)發色團及相關色蛋白烯二炔類 (enediyne)抗生素發色團,克拉斯黴素(aclacinomysins)、 放線菌素(actinomycin)、奥斯拉黴素(authramycin)、偶氮 119493.doc -31 - 200813090 絲胺酸(azaserine)、博來黴素(bleomycins)、放線菌素 C(cactinomycin)、卡拉比星(carabicin)、洋紅黴素 (carminomycin)、嗜癌菌素(carzinophilin)、克羅黴素 (chromomycinis)、放線菌素 D(dactinomycin)、道諾黴素 (daunorubicin)、地托比星(detorubicin)、6-重氮-5-側氧基-L-正白胺酸、ADRIAMYCIN®阿黴素(doxorubicin)(包括嗎 啉幷-阿黴素、氰基嗎啉幷-阿黴素、2-吡咯啉幷-阿黴素及 去氧阿黴素)、表柔比星(epimbicin)、依索比星(esorubicin)、 黃膽素(idarubicin)、麻西羅徽素(marcellomyc彳η);絲裂徵 素類(mitomycins),諸如絲裂黴素C(mitomycin C)、黴盼酸 (mycophenolic acid)、諾加黴素(nogalamycin)、橄欖黴素 (olivomycins)、培洛黴素(peplomycin)、潑菲黴素 (potfiromycin)、嘌呤黴素(puromycin)、奎那黴素 (quelamycin)、羅多比星(rodorubicin)、鏈黑菌素 (streptonigrin)、鏈佐星(streptozocin)、殺結核菌素 (tubercidin)、烏苯美司(ubenimex)、新制癌菌素(zinostatin)、 左柔比星(zorubicin);抗代謝物,諸如甲胺嗓呤及5-氟尿 喊咬(5-FU);葉酸類似物,諸如迪諾特寧(denopterin)、曱 胺嗓呤、蝶羅吟(pteropterin)、三甲曲沙(trimetrexate) ; 口票 呤類似物,諸如II達拉賓(fludarabine)、6-疏基σ票呤(6-mercaptopurine)、σ塞味嗓呤(thiamiprine)、硫鳥嘌呤 (thioguanine);喷唆類似物,諸如環胞苷(ancitabine)、阿 紮胞芽(azacitidine)、6-硫唆脲嘴咬(6-azauridine)、卡莫氟 (carmofur)、阿糖胞普(cytarabine)、雙脫氧尿苦(dideoxyuridine)、 119493.doc -32- 200813090
去氧氟尿苷(doxifluridine)、依諾他濱(enocitabine)、氟尿 苷(floxuridine);雄激素,諸如二甲睾酮(calusterone)、屈 他雄酮丙酸S旨(dromostanolone propionate)、環硫雄醇 (epitiostanol)、美雄烧(mepitiostane)、睾内酉旨(testolactone);抗 腎上腺類,諸如胺魯米特(aminoglutethimide)、米托坦 (mitotane)、曲洛司坦(trilostane);葉酸補充液,諸如夫羅 林酸;酷葡酸内酯(aceglatone);酸構醯胺苷;胺基乙醯丙 酸;伊利盧拉(eniluracil);安ϋ丫淀(amsacrine);倍思塔布 1 VX J , KW I - I ^ ^ X JLX V X ^ X j. ^ J 9 \ ^ V^VA^-*C^V^V^ J 9 t \f 弗伐胺(defofamine);秋水仙胺(demecolcine);地 σ丫酿 (diaziquone);艾弗利散(elfornithine);依利醋銨 (elliptinium acetate);艾普塞隆(epothilone);依託格魯 (etoglucid);石肖酸鎵;經基尿素(hydroxyurea);香兹多糖 (lentinan);羅尼達寧(lonidainine);美登素類 (maytansinoids),諸如美登素(maytansine)及胺沙托辛 (ansamitocins);米托脈腙(mitoguazone);米托蒽酉昆 (mitoxantrone);莫比達摩(mopidanmol);硝拉維林 (nitraerine);喷司他丁(pentostatin);凡那明(phenamet); 比柔比星(pirarubicin);洛索蒽酿(losoxantrone);足葉草 酸(podophyllinic acid) ; 2-乙醯肼(2-ethylhydrazide);丙卡 巴肼(procarbazine) ; PSK® 多聽複合物(JHS Natural Products,Eugene,OR);雷佐生(razoxane);根瘤菌素 (rhizoxin);西佐喃(sizofiran);鍺螺胺(spirogermanium); 細交鏈孢菌酮酸(tenuazonic acid);三亞胺酉昆(triaziquone); 119493.doc -33- 200813090 2,2’,2M-三氣三乙基胺;單端孢黴烯族毒素 (trichothecenes)(尤其 T-2 毒素(T-2 toxin)、弗納庫林 A(verracurin A)、桿孢菌素(roridin A)及胺癸叮 (anguidine));烏拉坦(urethan);長春地辛(vindesine);達 卡巴嗓(dacarbazine);甘露莫司、;丁(mannomustine);二演 甘露醇(mitobronitol);二漠衛矛醇(mitolactol);派泊漠烧 (pipobroman);甲托辛(gacytosine);阿拉伯糖苦 (arabinoside)(’’Ara-Cn);環填酸胺;σ塞替派(thiotepa);紫 杉醇類(taxoids), 例如TAXOL®太平洋紫杉醇 (paclitaxel) (Bristol-Myers Squibb Oncology, Princeton, N.J.)、ABRAXANETM無Cremophor之經白蛋白工程化之 太平洋紫杉醇奈米粒子調配物(American Pharmaceutical Partners,Schaumberg,Illinois)及 TAXOTERE® 多西他赛 (doxetaxel)(Rh6ne-Poulenc Rorer,Antony,France);克羅南 布(chloranbucil) ; GEMZAR® 吉西他濱(gemcitabine) ; 6-硫 代鳥嗓吟(6-thioguanine);魏基 σ票呤(mercaptopurine);甲 胺嗓吟;始類似物,諸如順銘(cisplatin)及卡顧 (carboplatin);長春花驗;舶(platinum);依託泊苦 (etoposide)(VP-16);異環磷醯胺;米托蒽醌;長春新鹼; NAVELBINE⑧長春花;諾凡特龍(novantrone);替尼泊苷 (teniposide);依達曲沙(edatrexate);道諾黴素 (daunomycin);胺基嗓呤(aminopterin);希羅達(xeloda); 伊班膦酸鹽(ibandronate);伊立替康(irinotecan)(Camptosar, CPT_11)(包括伊立替康與5-FU及甲醯四氫葉酸之治療方 119493.doc -34- 200813090 案);拓撲異構酶抑制劑RFS 2000 ;二氟甲基鳥胺酸 (DMFO);類視色素,諸如視黃酸;卡培他濱(capecitabine); 康柏斯達汀(combretastatin);甲醯四氫葉酸(LV);奥賽力 鉑(oxaliplatin),包括奥賽力鉑治療方案(FOLFOX);降低 細胞增殖之ΡΚΟα、Raf、H-Ras及EGFR抑制劑(例如,埃 羅替尼(TarcevaTM))及上述者中任一者之醫藥學上可接受 的鹽、酸或衍生物。 以下各物亦包括於該定義中:起調節或抑制激素對腫瘤 之作周之抗激素藥劑,諸如抗雌激素及選擇性雌激素受體 調節劑(SERM),包括(例如)他莫昔芬(tamoxifen)(包括 NOLVADEX⑧他莫昔芬)、雷洛昔芬(raloxifene)、屈洛昔芬 (droloxifene)、4-經基他莫昔芬(4-hydroxytamoxifen)、曲 沃昔芬(trioxifene)、雷洛昔芬鹽酸鹽(keoxifene)、 LY117018、奥那司酮(onapristone)及 FARESTON·托瑞米芬 (FARESTON.toremifene);調節腎上腺中雌激素之產量之 抑制酶芳香酶的芳香酶抑制劑,諸如4(5)-咪唑、胺魯米 特、MEGASE®曱地孕酮乙酸酉旨(megestrol acetate)、 AROMASIN® 依西美坦(exemestane)、弗米斯坦(formestanie)、 法倔嗤(fadrozole)、RIVISOR® 伏氯嗤(vorozole)、 FEMARA⑧來曲唑(letrozole)及ARIMIDEX® P可那曲唑 (anastrozole);及抗雄激素,諸如氟他胺(flutamide)、尼魯 米特(nilutamide)、必卡他胺(bicalutamide)、亮丙立德 (leuprolide)及戈舍瑞林(goserelin)以及曲沙他濱 (troxacitabine)(l,3-二氧戊環核苷胞鳴唆類似物);反義寡 119493.doc -35- 200813090 聚核苷酸,尤其彼等在牵涉促進細胞增殖之信號途徑中抑 制基因表現之募聚核苷酸,諸如PKC-α、Raf及H-Ras ;核 糖酶,諸如VEGF表現抑制劑(例如,ANGIOZYME®核糖 酶)及HER2表現抑制劑;疫苗,諸如基因治療疫苗,例如 ALLOVECTIN® 疫苗、LEUVECTIN® 疫苗及 VAXID® 疫 苗;PROLEUKIN®rIL-2 ; LURTOTECAN®拓撲異構酶 1抑 制劑;ABARELIX®rmRH ;長春花及艾斯帕米辛(參見美 國專利第4,675,187號)及上述者中任一者之醫藥學上可接 受之鹽、酸或衍生物。 如本申請案中的使用,術語”前藥π係指醫藥學上活性之 物質(例如,小分子)之前驅體或衍生形式,其與母藥相比 對疾病細胞具有較低的細胞毒素且能夠經酶活化或轉化為 更活性之母型。參見,例如Wilman,’Trodrugs in Cancer Chemotherapy11 Biochemical Society Transactions,14,第 375-382 頁,第 615次 Meeting Belfast (1986)及 Stella等人, "Prodrugs: A Chemical Approach to Targeted Drug Delivery, Drwg De/z’ver;;,Borchardt等人,(編),第 247-267 頁,Humana Press (1985)。本發明之前藥包括(但不限於) 含磷酸鹽前藥、含硫代磷酸鹽前藥、含硫酸鹽前藥、含肽 前藥、D-胺基酸改質之前藥、糖基化前藥、含β-内醯胺前 藥,視情況經取代之含苯氧基乙醯胺前藥或視情況經取代 之含苯乙醯胺前藥、5-氟胞嘧啶及其他5-氟尿核苷前藥, 其可轉化為更具活性之細胞毒素游離藥物。可衍生為供本 發明使用之前藥形式之細胞毒性藥物的實例包括(但不限 119493.doc -36- 200813090 於)上述彼等化學治療劑。 Γ、 組細胞内之多肽,因為多肽天然環境之至少 存在。然而,通常經分離多肽將由至少一 備。 經为離”當用於描述本文所揭示之各種多肽時意謂已經 鑑別且自表現多肽之細胞或細胞培養物中分離及/或回收 之多狀。其天然環境之污染組分為通常可能干擾多肽之診 斷或治療用途之物質’且可包括酶、激素及其他蛋白質溶 解:或非蛋白質溶解物。在較佳實施例中,多肽將經純化 ⑴精由利用旋轉杯序列分析儀純化至足以獲得叫端或内 部胺基酸序列之至少15個殘基的程度,或(2)在非還原條件 或還原條件下使用考馬斯亮藍(coomassie hlue)或較佳銀染 由SDS-PAGE純化為均—性的。經分離多肽在原處包括重 一種組分將不 個純化步驟製 "經分離"多肽編碼核酸或其他多肽編碼核酸為經鑑別且 自至少-種污染核酸分子分離之核酸分子,在多肽編碼核 酸天然源中該核酸分子通常與該至少—種污染核酸分子相 關聯。經分離多肽編碼核酸分子不為天然可見之形式或方 式因此,經分離多肽編碼核酸分子不同於存在於天然細胞 中之特疋多肽編碼核酸分子。然而,經分離多肽編碼核酸 分子包括包含於通常表現多肽之細胞中之多肽編碼核酸分 子中,其是(例如)該核酸分子係位於與天然細胞之核酸分 子不同之染色體位置。 術語”受控序列"係指表現操作性連接之編碼序列於特定 宿主有機體中所必需之DNA序列。適用於原核生物之受控 119493.doc -37- 200813090 序列(例如)包括啟動子’視情況操縱基因及核糖體結合位 點。已知真核細胞使用啟動子、多聚腺嗓吟信號及強化 子。 當核酸置於盘另_松缺冷1 ,、为核鲛序列之函數關係中時,核酸 為”操作性連接”。暴你I而tw A e a 右別序列或分泌性前導物之 DNA表現為參與多肽之分泌之前蛋白,則其係與多狀之 麵操作性連接;若啟動子或強化子影響序列之轉錄,則 〇 錢與編碼序列操作性連接;或若㈣體結合位點經置放 以致促進轉淳,則其係與編碼序列操作性連接。"操作忖 連接’通常意謂所連接之DNA序列相鄰接且在分泌性前導 物之情況下,相鄰接且位於閱讀相。然而,強化子不必相 郴接。連接係藉由在適宜限制酶切位點連接反應來實現。 若該等位點不存在,則根據習知實務,使用合成寡聚核苷 酸連接物或連接子。 如本文所定義,”嚴格條件,,或”高嚴格條件”可由以下各 者鑑別·( 1)洗丨條使用低離子強度及高溫,例如,在5 〇 °c 下,0·015 Μ氯化鈉/0.0015 M檸檬酸鈉/〇1%十二烷基硫酸 鈉;(2)雜交期間使用諸如曱醯胺之變性劑,例如,在42。〇 下’具有0.1%牛血清白蛋白之50% (ν/ν)甲醯胺/〇1%聚蔗 糖(Ficoll)/0.1%聚乙烯吡咯啶酮/50 mM磷酸鈉緩衝液(ρΗ 6.5)以及750 mM氣化納、75 mM檸檬酸納;或(3)在42°C 下,在使用50%甲醯胺、5xSSC(0.75 M NaC卜0.075 Μ捧 檬酸納)、50 mM麟酸鈉(pH 6.8)、〇· 1%焦鱗酸納、 5 xDenhardt溶液(Denhardt’s solution)、超音波降解處理之 119493.doc -38- 200813090 鮭魚精液DNA(5 0 pg/ml)、0.1% SDS及10%葡聚糠硫酸酯 之溶液中雜交隔夜,在42°C下於0.2xSSC(氯化鈉/檸檬酸 鈉)中洗滌10分鐘,接著在55°C下,用由含〇.lxSSC之 EDTA組成之高嚴格洗滌液洗滌10分鐘。 關於本文所鑑別之多肽序列之’’胺基酸序列一致性百分 率(%)"定義為在(若必需)對準序列且引入缺口以獲得最大 序列一致性百分率後,且不考慮作為序列一致性部分之任 何保存取代,與所比較之多肽中之胺基酸殘基一致之候選 序列中的胺基酸殘基的百分率。出於測定胺基酸序列一致 性百分率之目的之對準可以各種熟習此項技術者所知之方 式達成,例如,使用公開可用之電腦軟體,諸如BLAST、 BLAST-2、ALIGN 或Megalign(DNASTAR)軟體。熟習此項 技術者可確定量測對準之適當參數,包括在所比較之序列 之全長内達成最大對準所需之任何算法。然而,出於本發 明之目的,胺基酸序列一致性°/。值係使用序列比較電腦程 式ALIGN-2產生。ALIGN-2序列比較電腦程式係由 Genentech,Inc.所創且已為源編碼(表1)申請U.S· Copyright Office,Washington D.C·,20559之使用說明書,其中其登 記為美國版權登記第TXU510087號。ALIGN-2程式由 Genentech,Inc·,South San Francisco,California 公開可 用。應將ALIGN-2程式編譯使其在UNIX操作系統,較佳 數位UNIX V4.0D上可用。將所有序列比較參數由ALIGN-2 程式設定且不變化。 除非另有說明,否則本文所述之胺基酸序列為鄰接胺基 119493.doc -39- 200813090 酸序列。 如本文所使用,術浯免疫黏著素"指定為使異源蛋白(位 >占著素”)之結合特異性與免疫球蛋白恆定域之效應功能相 組合之類抗體分子。在結構上,免疫黏著素包含胺基酸序 : 列與非抗體之抗原識別及結合位點之想要結合特異性之融 : 合(亦即,’’異源’’)及免疫球蛋白恆定域序列。免疫黏著素 分子之黏著素部分通常為包含至少受體或諸如VEGFR或黏 (、 連蛋白配位體之配位體之結合位點的鄰接胺基酸序列。免 疫黏者素中免疫球蛋白恆定域序列可獲自任何免疫球蛋 白,諸如 IgG-1、IgG_2、IgG_^IgG_4亞型、IgA(包括 IgA-1或IgA-2)、IgE、IgD或IgM。通常包含源自特異性結 合與免疫球蛋白之Fc部分融合之靶的序列的噬菌體呈現選 擇的序列的肽體本文可視為免疫黏著素。 術語”抗體”係以廣義使用且特定涵蓋(例如)單個單株抗 體(包括促效劑、拮抗劑及中和抗體)、具有多抗原決定基 #異性之抗體組合物、多株抗體、單鏈抗抗體及抗體片段 (參見下文),只要其特異性結合原生多肽及/或展示本發明 之生物活性或免疫活性。根據一實施例,抗體與靶蛋白質 t养聚形式’例如二聚形式結纟。根據另一實施例,抗體 肖蛋白質特異性結合,該結合可由本發明之單株抗體(例 如本毛明之寄存抗體等)抑帝J。片語抗體之"功能片段或 類似物”為具有與所提及之抗體相同之定性生物活性的化 合物。舉例而言,本發明之抗體之功能片段或類似物可為 可與VEGF或哪!特異性結合之功能片段或類似物。在— 119493.doc 200813090 貝施例中,抗體可阻止或大體上降低vegf誘導細胞增殖 之能力。 、”經分離抗體”為已經鑑別且自其天然環境之組分分離及/ 或回收之抗體。其天然環境之污染組分為通常可能干擾抗 體之診斷或治療用途之物f,且可包括酶、激素及其他蛋 白質溶解物或非蛋白質溶解物。在較佳實施例中,抗體將 經純化(1)如由Lowry方法所測定純化為抗體之%重量%以 上且最佳99重量%以上,(2)藉由利用旋轉杯序列分析儀純 化至足以獲得N末端或内部胺基酸序列之至少15個殘基的 程度,或(3)在還原條件或非還原條件下使用考馬斯亮藍或 車又佳銀染由SDS-PAGE純化為均一性的。經分離抗體包括 重組細胞中之原位抗體,因為抗體之天然環境之至少一種 組分將不存在。然而,通常經分離抗體將由至少一個純化 步驟製備。 驗性4-鏈抗體單元為包括兩個一致輕(L)鏈及兩個一致重 (H)鏈之異源四聚糖蛋白(IgM抗體由5個鹼性異源四聚物單 元以及另一稱為J鏈之多肽組成,且因此含有丨〇個抗原結 合位點,同時分泌IgA抗體可聚合形成包含2-5個鹼性4-鏈 單元以及J鏈之多價集合體)。在IgG之情況下,4-鏈單元通 常為約150,000道爾頓。各L鏈經由一個共價二硫鍵連接於 Η鏈,同時視Η鏈同型而定,兩個η鏈經由一或多個二硫鍵 彼此連接。各Η及L鏈亦具有有規律間隔之鏈内二硫橋 鍵。各Η鏈在Ν末端具有可變域(νΗ),繼之以各α及γ鏈之三 個恆定域(CH)及μ及ε同型之四個CH域。各L鏈在Ν末端具有 119493.doc •41 - 200813090 可變域(Vl) ’在其另一端繼之以恆定域(CL)。將VL與νΗ對 準且將cL與重鏈(Ch1)之第一恆定域對準。咸信特定胺基 酸殘基在輕鏈與重鏈可變域之間形成界面。¥11與%對一起 形成單個抗原結合部位。欲知不同種類之抗體之結構及性 貝’參見’例如 Basic and Clinical Immunology,第 8版,
Daniel Ρ· Stites,Abba I. Terr及 Tristram G. Parslow (編), Appleton & Lange,Norwalk,CT,1994,第 71 頁及第 6章。 來自任何脊椎動物物種之L鏈,基於其恆定域之胺基酸 序列,可分配為兩個稱為1<:及λ之明顯不同類型之一個。視 其重鏈(CH)恆定域之胺基酸序列而定,免疫球蛋白可分配 為不同種類或同型。存在5類免疫球蛋白·· IgA、IgD、 IgE、IgG及IgM,分別具有指定為α、s、γ、8及|[1之重鏈。 γ及α類基於以序列及功能之相對較小之差異進一步分為亞 類,例如人類表現下列亞類:IgG1、IgG2、IgG3、IgG4、 IgAl 及 IgA2。 術浯"可變"係指抗體間,可變域之某些片段在序列方面 廣泛不同。V域介導抗原結合且界定敎抗體對其特定抗 原之特異性。然而’可變性並非遍佈可變域之11G個胺基 酸之跨度均句分佈。實情為’ v區由具有15洲胺基酸之 稱為構架區(FR)之相對不變之伸展組成,其由各長度為9-12個胺基酸之具有極端可變性之稱為,,高變區"的更短區分 開。原生重及輕鏈之可變域各包含四個叩,基本上採用由 形成環連接之三個高變區連接之M斤疊(—Μ)構型, 且在-些情況下’形成卜折疊結構之部分。各鍵之高變區 H9493.doc -42- 200813090 由FR緊密靠近地結合在一起,且與來自其他鏈之高變區一 起促使抗體抗原結合部位之形成。(參見,Kabat等人, Sequences of Proteins of Immunological Interest,第 5 版.Public Health Service,National Institutes of Health,
Bethesda,MD.(1991))。雖然恆定域並不直接涉及使抗體與 抗原結合,但展示各種效應功能,諸如抗體在抗體依賴性 細胞的細胞毒性(ADCC)方面的參與。 術語”高變區”當本文使用時係指造成抗原結合之抗體胺 基酸殘基。高變區通常包含來自"互補判定區”或”CDR”之 胺基酸殘基(例如,在VL中,約24-34(Ll)、50-56(L2)及89-97(L3)且在 VH 中,約 31-35B(H1)、50-65(H2)及 95-102(H3)(在一實施例中,HI為約31-35) ; Kabat等人,
Sequences of Proteins of Immunological Interest,第 5 版.Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health Bethesda,MD.(1991))及/或彼等來自”高變環,,之殘基(例 如,在VL 中,殘基 26-32(Ll)、50-52(L2)及 91-96(L3),且 在 VH 中,26-32(Η1)、53-55(H2)及 96-101(H3); Chothia及 Lesk J· Mol· Biol· 196:901-917 (1987)) 〇 如本文所使用,術語,,單株抗體”係指獲自大體上同源之 抗體之群組的抗體,亦即,包含除可能天然出現之可少量 存在之突變外一致性之群組的個別抗體。單株抗體具有高 度特定性’針對單個抗原位點。此外,與包括針對不同決 定子(抗原決定基)之不同抗體之多株抗體製劑形成對比, 各單株抗體係針對抗原上之單個決定子。除其特異性之 119493.doc -43- 200813090 外單株抗體之優點在於其可不受其他抗體污染而合成。 〇飾單株不應理解為需要由任何特定方法產生抗體。 舉例而。’適用於本發明之單株抗體可由首先由K〇hler等 e’ 256·495(ΐ975)描述之融合瘤方法學製備,或 可在細菌、真核動物或植物細胞中使用重組DNΑ方法製造 : (參見,例如美國專利第4,816,567號)。舉例而言,,,單株 抗體亦可使用描述於Clacks〇n等人,352:624_628 fl (1991),Marks 等人,J· Mol· Biol” 222:581-597 (1991)中之 技術及如下實例自噬菌體抗體庫分離。 單株抗體在本文中包括,,嵌合”抗體,其中重及/或輕鏈之 部为與源自特定物種或屬於特定抗體種類或亞類之抗體之 相應序列具有一致性或同源性,同時該(該等)鏈之其餘部 分與源自另一物種或屬於另一抗體種類或亞類之抗體以及 該等抗體之片段之相應序列具有一致性或同源性,只要其 展不本發明之生物活性(參見,美國專利第4,816,567號及 〇 M〇rris〇n等人,Proc· Natl· Acad· Sci· USA,81:685 1_6855 (1984))。本文所關注之嵌合抗體包括包含源自非人類之靈 長類(例如’售大陸狼(Old World Monkey),猿等)之可變 :域抗原結合序列及人類恆定區序列的”靈長源”抗·體。 , ”完整”抗體為包含抗原結合部位以及4及至少重鏈恒定 域(CH1、CH2及CH3)之抗體。恒定域可為原生序列怪定域 (例如,人類原生序列恆定域)或其胺基酸序列變異體。完 整抗體較佳具有一或多種效應功能。 ”抗體片段”包含完整抗體之部分,較佳為完整抗體之抗 119493.doc -44- 200813090 原結合或可變區。抗體片段之實例包括Fab、Fab1、F(ab’)2 及Fv片段;雙功能抗體;線性抗體(參見,美國、專利第 5,641,870 號,實例 2 ; Zapata 等人,Protein Eng· 8(10): 1057-1062 [1995]);單鏈抗體分子;及由抗體片段形成之 : 多特異性抗體。 : 表達”線性抗體”泛指Zapata等人,Protein Eng·, 8(10):1〇57-1062 (I995)中描述之抗體。簡言之,該等抗體 包含一對串聯Fd片段(VH-CH1-VH-CH1),該片段連同互補 輕鏈多肽一起形成一對抗原結合區。線性抗體可具有雙特 異性或單特異性。 抗體之木瓜酵素消化產生兩個稱為"Fab"片段之一致性 抗原結合片段及一為反映容易結晶之能力之指示的殘餘物 nFcn片段。Fab片段係由整個L鏈以及Η鏈之可變區域(VH) 及一個重鏈之第一恆定域(CH1)組成。各Fab片段相對於抗 原結合為單價的,亦即,其具有單個抗原結合部位。抗體 () 之胃蛋白酶處理產生單個大F(ab,)2片段,該片段大致對應 於兩個具有二價抗原結合活性之二硫化物連接之Fab片段 ’ 且仍能夠交聯抗原。Fab’片段因在包括一或多個來自抗體 : 鉸鏈區之半胱胺酸之CH1域的羧基末端具有其他極少之殘 • 基而與Fab片段不同。Fab,-SH在本文中為Fab,之指示,其 中恆定域之半胱胺酸殘基帶有游離硫醇基。F(ab,)2抗體片 段最初呈Fab’片段對產生,其在該Fab,片段對之間具有鉸 鏈半胱胺酸。亦已知抗體片段之其他化學偶合。
Fc片段包含由二硫化物結合在一起之兩個η鏈之羧基末 119493.doc -45 · 200813090 端部分。抗體之效應功能係由Fc區之序列測定,該區亦為 由可見於某些類型之細胞之Fc受體(FcR)識別的部分。
Fv為含有完全抗原識別且結合之位點之最小抗體片 ^又。δ亥片段係由一個重鏈可變區域及一個輕鏈可變區域之 緊密非共價締合之二聚物組成。自該等兩個域之折疊產生 六個提供用於抗原結合之胺基酸殘基且給予對抗體之抗原 結合特異性的高變環(Η鏈及L鏈各3個)。然而,甚至單個 可變域(或包含僅三個對抗原具有特異性之Cdr之Fv之一 半)亦具有識別且結合(儘管以比整個結合位點低之親和力) 抗原之能力。 亦縮寫為"sFvn或’’scFv’’之’’單鏈Fvn為包含連接於單個多 肽鏈之VH及VL抗體域之抗體片段。sFv多肽較佳進一步包 含VH與VL域之間的多肽連接子,該連接子使得sFv能夠形 式想要的抗原結合結構。欲知sFv之概述,參見,
Pluckthun於 The Pharmacology of Monoclonal Antibodies,第 113 卷,Rosenburg 及 Moore 編,Springer-Verlag,New York,第 269-315 頁(1994); Borrebaeck 1995, infra 中。 術語n雙功能抗體”係指藉由用VH與VL域之間的短連接子 (約5-10個殘基)構造sfv片段(參見,前面段落)以致達成v 域之相互鏈而非内鏈配對從而產生二價片段而製備的小抗 體片段’亦即,具有兩個抗原結合部位之片段。雙特異性 雙功能抗體為兩個,,交叉”sFv片段之異源二聚體,其中兩 個抗體之VH與VL域出現在不同多肽鏈上。雙功能抗體更 徹底地描述於(例如)EP 404,097 ; WO 93/11161 ;及 119493.doc -46- 200813090
Hollinger等人,pr〇c Natl. Acad· Sci_ USA,90:6444-6448 (1993) 〇 非人類(例如,齧齒動物)抗體之,,人化”形式為含有源自 非人類抗體之最小序列之嵌合抗體。很大程度上,人化抗 體為人免疫球蛋白(受體抗體),其中來自受體高變區之殘 基係經來自諸如小鼠、大鼠、兔或非人類靈長類之非人類 物種(供體抗體)高變區之具有想要的抗體特異性、親和力 及性能的殘基替換。在一些情況下,人免疫球蛋白之構架 區(FR)殘基係由相應的非人類殘基替換。此外,人化抗體 可包含受體抗體或供體抗體中未見之殘基。進行該等修飾 以進一步改進抗體效能。通常,人化抗體應包含大體上所 有至少一個及通常兩個可變域,其中所有或大體上所有高 變環對應於非人免疫球蛋白之彼等高變區且所有或大體上 所有FR為人免疫球蛋白序列之彼等Fr。人化抗體視情況 亦應包含免疫球蛋白恆定區(Fc),通常人免疫球蛋白之Fc 之至少一部分。欲知詳情,參見J〇nes等人,Nature 321:522-525 (1986) ; Riechmann等人,Nature 332:323-329 (1988),及 Presta,Curr· 〇ρ· Struct· Biol· 2:593-596 (1992)。 ’’物種依賴性抗體”為對來自第一哺乳動物物種之抗原具 有比對具有來自第二哺乳動物物種之抗原之同源物更強之 結合親和力的抗體。通常,雖然物種依賴性抗體與人類抗 原π特異性結合”(亦即,具有至多約1χ1〇·7 Μ,較佳至多約 1x10 8 Μ及最佳至多約lxl〇-9 Μ之結合親和力(Kd)值),但 119493.doc -47- 200813090 對具有來自弟一非人類哺乳動物物種之同源物具有比對人 類抗原之結合親和力弱至少約5〇倍,或至少約5〇〇倍或至 少約1000倍的結合親和力。物種依賴性抗體可具有如以上 所定義之各種類型之抗體之任一種,但較佳為人化抗體或 人類抗體。 在該等實施例中,如螢光活化細胞分類(FAcs)分析或放 射免疫沉澱(RIA)所測定,多肽、抗體、拮抗劑或組合物 p 與’’非靶’’蛋白質之結合程度將小於約多肽、抗體、拮抗劑 或組合物與其特定靶蛋白質之結合之約丨〇%。關於多肽、 抗體、拮抗劑或組合物與靶分子之結合,術語"特異性結 合’’特定多肽靶上之特定多肽或抗原決定基或與特定多肽 靶上之特定多肽或抗原決定基”特異性結合”或對特定多肽 靶上之特定多肽或抗原決定基”具有特異性,,意謂與非特異 性相互作用顯著不同之結合。特異性結合可(例如)藉由測 定分子之結合與對照分子之結合相比來量測,該對照分子 ^ 通常為具有類似結構不具有結合活性之分子。舉例而言, 特異性結合可藉由與類似於靶之對照分子(例如,過量的 未經標記之乾)競爭測定。在此情況下,若標記無與探針 之結合受過量未標記靶競爭性抑制,則表明特異性結合。 如本文所使用,術語,,特異性結合”特定多肽靶上之特^多 肽或抗原決定基或與特定多肽乾上之特定多狀或抗原決= 基”特異性結合”或對特定多絲上之特定多狀或抗原決定 基”具有特異性”可(例如)由對靶具有至少約Μ、M,或者 至少約ΗΓ5 Μ,或者至少約1〇、,或者至少約1〇、,或 119493.doc -48- 200813090 者至少約1(Γ8 Μ’或者至少約1(Γ9 M,或者至少約ι〇.1〇 m, 或者至少約10-11 M,或者至少約10-12 Μ或更高2Kd之分 子展示。在—實施例中,術語"特異性結合"係指分子與特 夕上之特疋多肽或抗原決定基結合而大體上不與任何 其他多肽或多肽抗原決定基結合的結合。 本發明之抗體可源自噬菌體呈現。如本文所使用,”庫” 係指複數個抗體或抗體片段序列或編碼該等序列之核酸, 根據本發明之方法,該等㈣在引人至該等相巾之不同 胺基酸之組合方面不同。 ”嗟菌體呈現"為不同多肽呈現為與嗟菌體(例如絲狀嗤菌 體)粒子表面上之鞘蛋白之至少部分之融合蛋白質的技 術。噬菌體呈現之實用性在於可將隨機化蛋白質變體之大 庫就彼等以高親和力絲抗原結合之序列快速且有效地分 類。肽及蛋白質庫於噬菌體上之呈現已用於篩選數百萬多 肽以獲得具有特異性結合性f之多肽。多㈣菌體呈現方 法已用於經由與絲狀噬菌體之基因ΠΙ或基因¥111融合呈現 小的隨機肽及小的蛋白質。^以及Lowman,办〜 汾⑽仏价〇/.,3:355-362 (1"2)及其所引用之參考文獻在 單價嗟菌體呈現中,蛋白質或肽庫係與基因出或其部分融 合且在野生型基眺蛋白質存在下以低含量表現以致嗟菌 體粒子呈現融合|白之-個複本或不呈現融合蛋白。相對 於多價噬菌體,親和力效應降低以致分類基於固有的配位 體親和力且使用使DNA操作簡單化之嗟粒載體。L〇wman 反观U, Methods: A c〇mpanion t〇 Meth〇ds in ^—〇1〇仏 119493.doc -49· 200813090 3:205-0216 (1991)。 "噬粒”為具有複製細菌源(例如,c〇1E1)及噬菌體之基 因間隔區之複本的質體載體。噬粒可用於任何已知噬菌體 上,該等噬菌體包括絲狀噬菌體及人字形噬菌體。質體通 _ 常亦會含有耐抗生素之可選標記。選殖於該等載體中之 : DNA片段可增殖為質體。當為該等載體提供場所之細胞具 有所有產生嗤菌體粒子所需之基因時,質體之複製模式改 () 為滾環複製以產生質體DNA之一條股之複本且封裝噬菌體 粒子。噬粒可形成感染性噬菌體粒子或非感染性噬菌體粒 子。該術語包括含有噬菌體鞘蛋白基因或其片段之噬粒, 該基因或其片段係與異源多肽基因呈基因融合連接以致異 源多肽呈現於噬菌體粒子之表面上。 術語’•噬菌體載體"意謂含有異源基因且能夠複製之噬菌 體之雙股複製形式。噬菌體載體具有允許噬菌體複製及噬 菌體粒子形成之複製噬菌體源。噬菌體較佳為絲狀噬菌 iJ 體,諸如M13、fl、fd、Pf3噬菌體或其衍生物或人字形噬 菌體,諸如 λ、21、phi80、phi81、82、424、434 等或其衍 生物。 諸如肽體、免疫黏著素、抗體及短肽之多肽之共價修飾 • 係包括於本發明之範疇内。共價修飾之一種類型包括使多 肽之乾胺基酸殘基與能夠與多肽之選擇側鏈或C末端 殘基反應之有機衍生藥劑反應。用雙官能劑衍生適用於 (例如)使多肽與用於純化抗體之方法中之水不溶性支撐基 質或表面父聯,且反之亦然。通常使用之交聯劑包括(例 119493.doc -50- 200813090 如)1,1-雙(重氮乙醯基)-2-苯乙烷、戊二醛、例如與4-疊氮 基柳酸之酯之N-羥基丁二醯亞胺酯、包括諸如3,3’-二硫基 雙(丁二醯亞胺基丙酸酯)之二丁二醯亞胺基酯的同質雙官 能醯亞胺基酯、諸如雙順丁烯二醯亞胺基-1,8-辛烧之 雙官能順丁烯二醯亞胺及諸如甲基-3-[(對疊氮基苯基)二 硫基]丙醮亞胺_。 其他修飾包括麩醯胺醯基及天冬醯胺醯基殘基分別脫醯 胺為相應麩胺醯基及天冬胺醯基、脯胺酸及離胺酸之羥 化、絲胺醢基或蘇胺醢基殘基之經基之填酸化、離胺酸、 精胺酸及組胺酸側鏈之α胺基之甲基化[T.E· Creighton, Proteins: Structure and Molecular Properties, W.H. Freeman & C〇·,San Francisco,第 79-86 頁(1983)]、N末端胺之乙醯化 及任何C末端羧基之醯胺化。 其他修飾包括毒素與諸如美登素及美登素類、刺孢黴素 及其他細胞毒素藥劑之拮抗劑拼合。 另一類型之多肽之共價修飾包含使多肽與多種非蛋白質 聚合物之一種,例如聚乙二醇(PEG)、聚丙二醇或聚氧化 烯,以美國專利第4,640,835號、第4,496,689號、第4,301,144 號、第4,670,417號、第4,791,192號或第4,179,337號陳述之方 式連接。 本發明之多肽亦可經修改,只要有利於以某種方式形成 包含與另一異源多肽或胺基酸序列融合之多肽之嵌合分子 (例如,免疫黏著素或肽體)。 在〜實施例中,該嵌合分子包含多肽與蛋白質轉導域之 n9493.d〇c -51 - 200813090 融合,該蛋白質轉導域靶向使用(例如)人類免疫缺乏症病 毒TAT蛋白之蛋白質轉導域傳送至各種組織且更尤其穿過 腦血液障壁之多肽(Schwarze等人,1999,Science 285:1569-72)。 在另一實施例中,該叙合分子包含多肽與標記多肽之融 合,該標記多肽提供可與抗標記抗體選擇性結合之抗原決 定基。抗原決定基標記通常位於多肽之胺基或羧基末端。 多肽之該等抗原決定基標記形式之百分率可使用相對標記 多肽之抗體偵測。又,提供抗原決定基標記使得多肽能夠 使用抗標記抗體或與抗原決定基標記結合之另一類型之親 和力基質由親和力純化容易地純化。此項技術中已知各種 標記多肽及其各自的抗體。實例包括聚組胺酸(poly-His) 或聚組胺酸-甘胺酸化〇1>^犯8-§1}〇標記;£!1111八標記多肽及 其抗體 12CA5[Field等人,Mol· Cell· Biol·,8:2159-2165 (1988)];此外包括 c-myc標記及 8F9、3C7、6E10、G4、B7 及 9E10 抗體[Evan等人,Molecular and Cellular Biology, 5:3610-3616 (1985)];及疱疹單純型病毒(Herpes Simplex virus)糖蛋白D(gD)標記及其抗體[Paborsky等人,Protein Engineering, 3(6):547-553 (1990)]。其他標記多肽包括 Flag-肽(Flag-peptide) [Hopp 等人,BioTechnology,6:1204-1210 (198 8)] ; KT3 抗原決定基肽[Martin 等人,Science, 255:192-194 (1992) ]; α-微管蛋白抗原決定基肽[skinner 等人,J· Biol· Chem” 266:15163-15166 (1991)〕;及T7基 因 10 蛋白質狀標記[Lutz_Freyermuth 等人,Proc. Natl. -52- 119493.doc 200813090
Acad· Sci· USA,87:6393-6397 (1990)]。 在一替代實施例中,嵌合分子可包含多肽與免疫球蛋白 或免疫球蛋白之特定區之融合。就嵌合分子之二價形式 (例如’ ’’免疫黏著素”)而言,該融合可為與IgG分子之以區 融合。本發明之1g融合包括包含替換Ig分子内至少一個可 變區之大約或僅人類之殘基94_243、殘基33_53或殘基33_ 52的多肽。在一尤佳實施例中,免疫球蛋白融合包括鉸 鏈、CH2及CH3,或igGl分子之鉸鏈區、CH1區、CH2區 及CH3區。欲知免疫球蛋白融合之產生亦參見1995年6月 27曰頒佈之美國專利第5,428,13〇號。 本發明提供抑制或阻止復發腫瘤生長或復發癌細胞生長 之方法及組合物。在各個實施例中,癌症為復發腫瘤生長 或復發癌細胞生長,其中癌細胞數目並未顯著減少或已增 加,或腫瘤大小並未顯著減小或已增加,或任何大小或癌 細胞數目之進一步降低均失敗。癌細胞為復發腫瘤生長或 復發癌細胞生長之測定可在活體内或在活體外由任何此項 技術已知之用於檢定癌細胞之處理之有效性的方法進行。 耐抗VEGF處理之腫瘤為復發腫瘤生長之實例。 如本文所揭示,多肽、抗體、拮抗劑或組合物之”有效 量”為足以執行特定陳述之目的之量。"有效量,,可憑經驗 及由與所陳述之目的有關之已知方法確定。 術語"治療有效量"係指本發明之抗體、多狀或抬抗 效”治療"哺乳動物(亦稱為患者)之疾病或病症之量 症之情況下,藥物之治療有效量可減少癌細胞數目,·減丨 119493.doc -53- 200813090 膛瘤大小或重量;抑制(亦 | 1争低至某種程度且較佳僖 止)癌細胞浸潤於周邊器官中· 甲,抑制(亦即,降低至草猶 度且較佳停止)腫瘤轉移; -,、 、 在某種私度上抑制腫瘤生長; 及/或在某種程度上減輕一式 次夕個癌症相關聯之症狀。在 某種程度上,藥物可阻止生 玍長及/或杈死所存在之癌么 胞’其可抑制細胞生長及/或為細胞毒素。在-實施例 中,治療有效量為生長抑制量。 • w里隹另一實施例中,治療有 f (- 效量為延伸患者之存活之量。 ^ , ^ 里在另一實施例中,治療有效 量為改善患者之無進展存活之量。 在傷口癒合之情況下’術語"有效量"或"治療有效量”係 指藥物有效加速或改進個體之傷口癒合之量。治療劑量為 展不對患者之、冶療效應之劑量且亞治療劑量為不展示對所 治療之患者之治療效應之劑量。 ”慢性傷口 ”係指未治癒之傷口。參見,例如Lazarus等 人,Definitions and guidelines for assessment of wounds and evaluation of healing, Arch. Dermatol. 130:489-93 (1994)。慢性傷口包括(但不限於)(例如)動脈性潰瘍、糖尿 病性潰瘍、褥瘡、靜脈性潰瘍等。急性傷口可發展為慢性 傷口。急性傷口包括(但不限於)由以下各者引起之傷口: 例如熱損傷、外傷、手術、廣泛性皮膚癌切除、深度真菌 及細菌傳染、血管炎、硬皮病、天疱瘡、中毒性表皮壞死 溶解等。參見,例如Buf〇rd,Wound Healing and Pressure Sores,HealingWell.com,公開於2001 年 10月 24 日。"正常 傷口 ”係指經歷正常傷口癒合修復之傷口。 119493.doc 200813090 本發明之多肽、始w ,, ^ 、 _^口抗別或組合物之"生异拍7告丨旦丨丨 為能夠在活體外哎爷辦免^… 生長抑制里 胞)生長之曰 胞,尤其腫瘤(例如癌細 f長之置。出於抑制費生性細胞生長…,本發明 之夕肽、抗體、拮抗劑或組合物之, 生長抑制罝可憑經驗 及由已知方法或由本文所提供之實例確定。 本發明之多肽、抗體、拮抗劑或組合物之”細胞毒素量" 為能夠,活體外或活體内使細胞,尤其腫瘤(例如癌細胞)
破壞之1 1於抑制贅生性細胞生長之目@,本發明之多 肽、抗體、结抗劑或μ合物之’’細胞毒素量"可憑經驗及由 此項技術已知之方法確定。 ’’自體免疫疾病”在本文中為由個體自身之組織產生或針 對個體自身之組織之疾病或病症或其辅隔離症狀或表現症 狀或由此所得之病狀。自體免疫疾病或病症之實例包括 (但不限於)關節炎(類風濕性關節炎,諸如急性關節炎、慢 性類風濕性關節炎、痛風性關節炎、急性痛風性關節炎、 k性發炎性關節炎、退化性關節炎、感染性關節炎、萊姆 關節炎(Lyme arthritis)、增生性關節炎、牛皮癣關節炎、 脊椎關節炎及青少年發作類風濕性關節炎、骨關節炎、慢 性漸進性關節炎、畸形性關節炎、漸進性原發性多發性關 節炎、反應性關節炎及強直性脊椎炎)、發炎性過度增生 性皮膚疾病,諸如斑狀牛皮癖、點狀牛皮癖、膿皰性牛皮 癖及指曱牛皮癬之牛皮癬、包括接觸性皮炎、慢性接觸性 皮炎、過敏性皮炎、過敏性接觸性皮炎、疱疹樣皮炎及異 位性皮膚炎之皮炎、X關聯過度IgM症候群、諸如包括慢性 119493.doc -55- 200813090 自體免疫蓴麻疹之慢性特發性尊麻疹之蓴麻疹、青少年皮 肌炎、中毒性表皮壞死溶解、硬皮病(包括系統性硬皮 病)、硬化症,諸如系統性硬化症、諸如視神經脊髓炎 (spino-optical MS)、原發性進行性ms及復發缓解型MS之 多發性硬化症(MS)、進行性系統性硬化症、動脈粥樣硬化 症、動脈硬化症、散佈性硬化症及共濟失調硬化症、發炎 性腸疾病(IBD)(例如,克羅恩氏病,諸如潰瘍性結腸炎、 /貝瘍性結腸炎、微觀結腸炎、膠原性結腸炎,息肉狀結腸 炎、壞死性小腸結腸炎及透壁性結腸炎之結腸炎,及自體 免疫發k性腸疾病)、壞疽性膿皮病、結節性紅斑、原發 性硬化性膽管炎、上鞏膜炎、包括成人或急性呼吸窘迫症 候群(ARDS)之呼吸窘迫症候群、腦膜炎、全部或部分葡 萄膜發炎、虹膜炎、脈絡膜炎、自體免疫血液病、類風濕 性脊椎炎、突發性耳聾、IgE介導之疾病、諸如過敏症及 過敏性鼻k及特應性鼻炎、腦炎,諸如羅斯苗遜氏腦炎 (Rasmussen’s encephalitis)及大腦邊緣腦炎及/或腦幹腦 炎、葡萄膜炎,諸如前葡萄膜炎、急性前葡萄膜炎、肉芽 腫性葡萄膜炎、非肉芽腫性葡萄膜炎、晶狀體抗原性葡萄 膜炎(phacoantigenic uveitis)、後葡萄膜炎或自體免疫葡萄 膜炎、諸如慢性或急性絲球體腎炎之伴隨或不伴隨腎病症 候群之絲球體腎炎(GN),諸如原發性gn、免疫介導之 GN、膜性GN(膜性腎病)、特發性膜性gn、膜性增生性 GN(MPGN)(包括I型及Π型)及快速進行性〇\、過敏性病 狀,過敏反應,包括過敏性濕疹或特應性濕疹之濕疹、諸 119493.doc •56- 200813090 如支氣管哮喘(asthma bronchiale)、支氣管哮喘(bronchial asthma)及自體免疫哮喘之哮喘、涉及τ細胞浸潤及慢性發 炎性反應之病狀、慢性肺發炎性疾病、自體免疫心肌炎、 白血球黏者性缺乏、糸統性紅斑狼瘡(SLE)(systemic lupus erythematosus 或 systemic lupus erythematodes),諸如皮膚 : SLE、亞急性皮膚紅斑狼瘡、新生兒狼瘡症候群(NLe)、 播散性紅斑狼瘡、狼瘡(包括腎炎、大腦炎、兒科、非 (、 腎、盤狀、禿發)、包括兒科胰島素依賴性糖尿病(IDDM) 之青少年發作(I型)糖尿病、成年發作糖尿病(11型糖尿 病)、自體免疫糖尿病、特發性尿崩症、由細胞激素及τ—淋 巴細胞介導之急性及延遲性過敏相關聯之免疫反應、肺結 核、肉狀瘤病、包括淋巴瘤樣肉芽腫病、韋格納氏肉芽腫 病(Wegener’s granulomatosis)之肉芽腫病、顆粒性球缺乏 症、系統性血管炎,包括血管炎(包括大血管血管炎(包括 風濕性多肌痛及巨細胞(高安氏(Takayasu))動脈炎)、中企 (J 管血管炎(包括川崎氏疾病(Kawasaki’s disease)及多發性結 節性動脈炎)、微觀多動脈炎、CNS血管炎、壞死性血管 炎、皮膚血管炎或過敏性血管炎、系統性壞死性脈管炎及 :諸如徹奇-斯全司氏血管炎或症候群(CSS)(Churg_Strauss , vasculitis或syndrome)之ANCA相關聯之血管炎)、顳動脈 炎、再生障礙性貧血、自體免疫再生障礙性貧血、庫姆陽 性貧血(Coombs positive anemia)、先天性純紅血球再生障 礙性貧血(Diamond Blackfan anemia)、包括自身免疫性溶 血性貧jk (AIHA)之溶血性貧血或免疫性溶血性貧血、惡性 119493.doc •57- 200813090 貧血(pernicious anemia)(惡性貧血(anemia perniciosa))、阿 狄森氏病(Addison’s disease),純紅細胞貧血或發育不全 (PRCA)、因子VIII缺乏症、A型血友病、自體免疫f中性 球減少症、全部血球減少症、白血球減少症、涉及白血球 血細胞滲出之疾病、CNS發炎性病症、諸如敗血病、外傷 或出血繼發性症候群之多發性器官損傷症候群、抗原抗體 複合物介導之疾病、抗絲球體基底膜疾病、抗磷脂抗體症 候群、過敏性神經炎、白塞氏病(Bechet,s或Behcet,s disease)、Castleman氏症候群、Goodpasture氏症候群、瑞 諾氏症候群(Reynaud’s syndrome)、乾燥症候群、史蒂芬一 瓊森症候群(Stevens-Johnson syndrome)、諸如大皰性類天 癌瘡及皮膚類天疱瘡之類天疱瘡、天疱瘡(包括尋常天疱 瘡、落葉狀天疮瘡、黏膜類天癌瘡天疮瘡及紅斑性天疮 瘡)、自體免疫多内分泌病變、萊特爾氏病或症候群 (Heiter’s disease or syndrome)、免疫複合物性腎炎、抗體 介導之腎炎、諸如IgM多發性神經病或IgM介導之神經病 之慢性神經病、血小板減少症(例如,心肌梗塞患者所發 展)’包括血栓性血小板減少性紫癜(ττρ)及諸如包括慢性 或急性ιτρ之特發性血小板減少性紫癜(Ιτρ)之自體免疫或 免疫介導之血小板減少症、睾丸及卵巢之自體免疫疾病, 包括自體免疫睾丸炎及卵巢炎、原發性甲狀腺功能低下、 副曱狀腺低能症、自體免疫内分泌疾病,包括諸如自體免 疫曱狀腺炎之甲狀腺炎、橋本甲狀腺炎(Hashim〇t〇,s disease)、慢性曱狀腺炎(橋本甲狀腺炎)或亞急性甲狀腺 119493.doc -58- 200813090 炎、自身免疫曱狀腺疾病、特發性甲狀腺功能低下、葛瑞 夫茲氏病(Grave’s disease)、多腺體症候群,諸如自體免疫 多腺體症候群(多腺體内分泌病症候群)、腫瘤伴生症候 群’包括諸如蘭伯特-伊頓肌無力症候群(Lambert_Eat〇n : myasthenic syndrome)或伊頓-蘭伯特症候群(Eat〇n_Lambert : syndrome)之神經病學腫瘤伴生症候、僵人症候群(s^ff- man 或 stiff_person syndrome) 、 諸如變 態反應 性腦脊 髓炎或 p 過敏性腦脊髓炎及實驗性變應性腦脊髓炎(EAE)之腦脊髓 炎、重症肌無力、小腦退化、神經性肌強直、斜視眼陣攣 或斜視眼陣攣肌陣攣症候群(OMS)及感官神經病、席漢氏 症候群(Sheehan’s syndrome)、自體免疫肝炎、慢性肝炎、 狼瘡樣肝炎、巨細胞性肝炎、慢性活動性肝炎或自體免疫 慢性活動性肝炎、淋巴樣間質肺炎、對NSIP之閉塞性細支 氣管炎(非移植)、吉-巴氏症候群(Guillain-Barrd syndrome)、 孛勾氏病(Berger’s disease)(IgA腎病)、特發性IgA腎病、 {) 線性IgA皮膚病、原發性膽汁性肝硬化、肺變硬 (pneumonocirrhosis)、自體免疫腸病症候群、乳糜瀉 (Celiac disease)、腹腔疾病(Coeliac disease)、口炎性腹濱 : (celiac sprue)(麩質腸病)、難治癒口炎性腹瀉、特發性口 • 炎性腹瀉、冷球蛋白血症、澱粉樣沉著側索硬化症(ALS, 葛雷克氏病(Lou Gehrig’s disease))、冠狀動脈病、自體免 疫内耳疾病(AIED)或自體免疫聽力損失、斜視眼陣攣肌陣 攣症候群(OMS)、多軟骨炎,諸如難治癒或復發多軟骨 炎、肺泡蛋白沉著症、澱粉樣變性病、鞏膜炎、非癌症性 119493.doc -59- 200813090 淋巴細胞增多、原發性淋巴細胞增多,包括單株B細胞淋 巴細胞增多(例如’良性單株丙球蛋白病及非確定意義的 單株丙球蛋白病(MGUS))、周邊神經病、腫瘤伴生症候 群、離子通道病,諸如癲癇症、偏頭痛、心律不整、肌肉 病、耳聾、失明、週期性麻痒及CNS之離子通道病、自閉 症、發炎性肌病、局部區段性腎絲球硬化症(FSgs)、内分 泌眼病變、葡萄膜視網膜炎、脈絡膜視網膜炎、自體免疫 肝臟病、肌肉纖維疼痛、多發性内分泌衰竭(multiple endocrine failure)、史密德氏症候群(Schmidt,s Syndr〇rne)、腎 上腺炎、月萎縮、阿爾茨海默氏病(presenile dementia)、 婕勒脫失性疾病諸如自體免疫髓鞘脫失性疾病、糖尿病性 腎病、隹斯樂氏(Dressler’s)症候群、斑禿、CREST症候群 (妈質沉著病、雷諾氏現象(Raynaud’s phenomenon)、食道 功能障礙、指端硬化及毛細血管擴張)、男性及女性自體 免疫不孕症、混合結締組織病、查加斯氏病(Chagas, disease)、風濕熱、習慣性流產、農民肺(fanner,s lung)、 多形性紅斑、心臟切開症候群、庫欣症候群(Cushing,s syndrome)、養鳥迷肺(bird-fancier*s lung)、變應性肉芽腫 性脈管炎、良性淋巴細胞脈管炎、阿波特氏(Alport’s)症候 群、諸如過敏性肺泡炎及纖維性肺泡炎之肺泡炎、間質性 肺疾病、輸血反應、麻瘋病、瘧疾、利什曼病 (leishmaniasis)、錐蟲病、血吸蟲病、蛔蟲病、麯黴病、 山普特氏(Sampter’s)症候群、卡普藍氏(Caplan’s)症候群、 登革熱(dengue)、心内膜炎、心内膜心肌纖維化、彌漫性 119493.doc -60- 200813090 間質性肺纖維化、間質性肺纖維化、特發性肺纖維化、囊 腫性纖維化、内眼炎、持久性隆起性紅斑(erythema elevatum et diutinum)、胎兒紅血球母細胞增多症、嗜伊紅 血球筋膜炎(eosinophilic faciitis)、舒耳曼氏(Shulman's)症 候群、費爾蒂症候群(Felty,s syndrome)、絲蟲病 (flariasis)、諸如慢性睫狀體炎、異時睫狀體炎、虹膜睫狀 體炎或富赫氏(Fuchfs)睫狀體炎之睫狀體炎、亨-舍氏紫癜 (.....} (Henoch-Schonleiri Purpura)、人類免疫缺乏病毒(HIV)感 染、埃可病毒感染(echovirus infecti〇n)、心肌症、阿茲海 默症、細小病毒感染、風疹病毒感染、疫苗接種後症候 群、先天性風療感染、E-B病毒感染(Epstein-Barr virus infection)、月心腺炎、伊文症候群(Evan’s Syndr〇me)、自體 免疫性腺哀竭、西登哈姆氏舞蹈病chorea)、 鏈球菌感染後的腎炎、血栓閉塞性脈管炎、甲狀腺毒症、 脊髓癆、脈絡膜炎、巨細胞多肌痛、内分泌眼病變、慢性 U 過敏性肺炎 '乾燥性角膜結膜炎、流行性角膜結膜炎、特 發性腎炎症候群、最小變化腎病、良性家族性及局部缺血 再灌注損傷、視網膜自體免疫、關節發炎、支氣管炎、慢 性阻塞性氣道疾病、石夕肺症、口瘡、口瘡性口炎、動脈硬 化症、不形成精子症(aspermi〇genese)、自體免疫溶血、伯 克氏病(Boeck’s disease)、冷球蛋白血症、掌腱膜攣縮症 (Diipuytren’s contracture)、晶狀體過敏性眼内炎 (endophthalmia phacoanaphylactica)、過敏性腸炎、麻風性 結節性紅斑、特發性面神經麻痹、慢性疲勞症候群、風濕 119493.doc -61 - 200813090 性發熱、哈麗二氏病(Hamman-Richfs disease)、感覺神經 聽力損失(sensoneural hearing loss)、陣發性血紅素尿、性 腺低能症、區域性迴腸炎、白血球減少症、感染性單核細 胞增多症、橫貫性脊髓炎、原發性特發性黏液水腫、腎變 病、交感性眼炎、内芽腫性睾丸炎、胰腺炎、急性多發性 神經根炎、壞疽性膿皮病、奎汶氏甲狀腺炎(Quervain,s thyreoiditis)、後天脾臟萎縮、歸因於抗精子抗體之不育 症、非惡性胸腺瘤、白斑病、SCID及E-B病毒相關聯疾 病、後天免疫缺乏症候群(AIDS)、寄生蟲疾病如利什曼蟲 病(Leishmania)、中毒性休克症候群、食物中毒、涉及τ細 胞浸潤之病狀、白血球黏著性缺乏症、細胞激素 (cytokines)及T-淋巴細胞介導之急性及延遲性過敏相關聯 之免疫反應、涉及白血球血細胞渗出之疾病、多發性器官 損傷症候群、抗原-抗體複合物介導之疾病、抗絲球體基 底膜病、過敏性神經炎、自體免疫多内分泌病變、卵巢 炎、原發性黏液水腫、自體免疫萎縮性胃炎、交感性眼 炎、風濕病、混合結締組織病、腎病症候群、胰島炎、多 内分泌腺衰竭、周邊神經病、〗型自體免疫多腺體症候 群、成人發作特發性副曱狀腺低能症(A〇IH)、全禿、擴張 型心肌症、後天性大疱性表皮鬆解症(EBA)、血色素沈著 症、心肌炎、腎病症候群、原發性硬化性膽管炎、化膿性 或非化膿性竇炎、急性或慢性竇炎、篩骨竇炎、前頭竇 炎、上頜竇炎或蝶竇炎、嗜伊紅血球相關病症,諸如嗜伊 紅血球增多、肺浸潤嗜伊紅血球增多、嗜伊紅血球增曰多_ 119493.doc -62- 200813090 肌痛症候群、呂弗勒氏症候群(L〇ffler,s Syn(jr〇me)、慢性 嗜伊紅血*球肺炎、熱帶嗜伊紅血球增多、含嗜伊紅金球支 氣管肺炎麴菌病、麯黴腫或肉芽瘤、過敏症、血清陰性脊 椎關節病、多内分泌腺自體免疫疾病、硬化性膽管炎、鞏 膜、鞏膜外層、慢性黏膜與皮膚性念珠菌病、布魯頓氏症 候群(Bmt〇n,s Syndrome)、嬰兒暫時性低丙種球蛋白血 症、Wiskott-Aldrich氏症候群、共濟失調毛細血管擴張、 膠原病相關聯之自體免疫病/症、風濕病、神經病、局部缺 血性再灌注病症、血壓反應降低、血管功能障礙、抗擴張 (antgiectasis)、組織損傷、心血管局部缺血、痛覺過敏、 大腦局部缺血及伴隨血管化之疾病、過敏性病症、絲球體 月炎、再灌注損傷、心肌或其他組織再灌注損傷、具有急 性發炎性部分之皮膚病、急性化膿性腦膜炎或其他中搞神 經系統發炎性病症、粒細胞轉輸相關聯之症候群、細胞激 素誘導之毒性、急性嚴重發炎、慢性難醫治發炎、腎盂 炎、肺變硬、糖尿病性I㈣病、糖尿病性大動脈病症、 動脈内增生、消化性潰瘍、瓣炎及子宮内膜異位。 癌症’口療可由例如(但不限於)腫瘤退化、腫瘤重量戋大 小縮減、進展時間、存”續時間、無進展存活、總體反 應速率、反應持續時間、生m白質表達及/或活 性㈣。因為本文所述之抗血管生成藥劑輕向腫瘤維管結 構且不必自身靶向贅咮 負生丨生、、、田胞,所以其代表獨特種類之抗 癌藥’且因此可需要對藥物之臨床反叙 義。舉例而言,在2唯分鉍由 維刀析中,50%以上之腫瘤縮減為斷 119493.doc -63- 200813090 吕反應之標準分離點。然而,本發明之α5p丨拮抗劑及 VEGF拮抗劑可促成在原發性腫瘤不縮減之情況下抑制轉 移f生k延或可間單發揮腫瘤靜止效應(tum〇urista1^c effect)。因此’可使用測定治療功效之方法,該等方法包 括(例如)ΐ測血管生成之血漿或尿標記及經由放射成像量 測反應。 視待治療之病症及熟習此項技術之醫師應熟悉之與給藥 (') 有關之因子而定,本發明之抗體將以有效治療病症同時使 毒性及副作用最小化之劑量投與。就癌症、自體免疫疾病 或免疫缺乏疾病之治療而言,治療有效劑量可(例如)在5〇 耄克/劑量至2.5公克/平方公尺之範圍内。在一實施例中, 所投與之劑量為約250 mg/m2至約400 mg/m2或500 mg/m2。在另一實施例中,劑量為約25〇_375 mg/m2。在又 一實施例中,劑量範圍為275_375 mg/m2。 年齡相關之黃斑部變性(AMD)之治療可由(但不侷限於) (; 速率之降低或視力進一步損失之阻止評估。就AMD治療而 言,活體内功效可(例如)由一或多個以下評定量測:評定 最佳矯正視力(BCVA)自基線至預期時間之平均變化;評 定與基線相比,預期時間時視力喪失少於15個字母之個體 t比例;評定與基線相比,預期時間時視力獲得大於或等 於15個字母之個體之比例;評定預期時間時具有2〇/2〇⑼ 或更差之視力史尼林當量(Snellen equivalen〇之個體之比 例;評定NEI視覺功能問卷(^⑽丨 Questionnaire);評定預期時間時CNV之大小及cnv之滲漏 119493.doc -64- 200813090 量,由螢光眼底血管攝影評定等。 術語”偵測π意欲包括測定物 量。因此,該術語係指本發明 定性及定量測定之使用。通常 發明之實務而言並不關鍵。 質之存在與否或定量物質之 之物質、組合物及方法用於 ,用於偵測之特定技術對本
G 舉例而言,根據本發明之”债測"可包括:觀察^基因產 物、mRNA分子或α5?肽之存在㈣;以肽之含量或盘 乾結合之量之變化,· α5多肽之生物功能/活性之變化。: 一些實施例中,"摘測"可包括摘測野生型d含量(例如, mRNA或多肽含量Η貞測可包括定量,與對照相比時,任 何值10%與90%之間的變化,或任何值3〇%與㈣之間或超 過1〇〇。/。的變化。制可包括定量任何值包括2倍與ι〇倍之 間或更多(例如100倍)的變化。 字組"標記"當本文使用時係指直接或間接與抗體拼合之 可偵測之化合物或組合物。標記自身可能可獨立偵測(例 如放射陡同位素標§己或螢光標記),或在酶標記之情況 下,可催化可偵測之受質化合物或組合物之化學變化。 新穎的抗α5β1抗體 本文提供可結合人類α5 β丨且競爭性抑制抗Μ卩1抗體與人 類α5β1之結合之新穎抗體。根據一實施例,抗Μ"抗體係 由選自由2006年3月7曰於ATCC中寄存為心/^ 7Η5 4 2 8 (ATCC NO· ΡΤΑ-7421)之融合瘤及寄存為 α5/β1 7Hl2 5」4 (ATCC NO· ΡΤΑ-7420)之融合瘤組成之群的融合瘤產生。 根據另一實施例,抗體係由選自由2〇〇6年3月7日於atcc 119493.doc -65- 200813090 中寄存為 α5/β1 7H5.4.2.8(ATCC NO. PTA-7421)之融合瘤 及寄存為 α5/β1 7H12.5.1.4(ATCC NO. ΡΤΑ-7420)之融合瘤 組成之群的融合瘤產生。根據又一實施例,抗體包含由 2006年3月 7 日於 ATCC 中寄存為 α5/β1 7Η5.4.2.8(ATCC NO. PTA-742 1)之融合瘤產生之抗體的可變重(VH)及可變輕 (VL)域序列。在另一實施例中,抗體包含由2006年3月7曰 於 ATCC 中寄存為 α5/β1 7H12.5.1.4(ATCC NO. PTA-7420)之 融合瘤產生之抗體的可變重(VH)及可變輕(VL)域序列。亦 涵蓋所寄存之融合瘤之抗體之人類或嵌合形式。 根據一實施例,該以某一 Kd結合人類α5β1之抗體係以介 於5 00 ηΜ與1 ρΜ之間的Kd與α5結合。根據另一實施例 中,抗體並不結合ανβ3或ανβ5或ανβΐ。根據另一實施 例,抗體包含人類IgG,例如人類IgGl或人類IgG4之Fc序 列。在另一實施例中,Fc序列已改變或變化以致缺乏通常 與其與Fc受體(FcR)結合有關之抗體依賴性細胞的細胞毒 性(ADCC)效應功能。存在許多可改變效應功能之Fc序列 之變化或突變的實例。舉例而言,WO00/42072(Presta)及 Shields 等人 J. 9(2): 6591-6604 (2001)描述與
FcR之結合經改進或減弱之抗體變體。彼等公開案之内容 以引用之方式特定地併入本文中。抗體可呈Fab、Fab’、 F(ab)’2、單鏈Fv(scFv)、Fv片段;雙功能抗體及線性抗體 形式。又,抗體不但可為與α5β1結合之多特異性抗體且為 α5β1拮抗劑,而且結合一或多個其他靶且抑制其功能(例 如,VEGF)。抗體可與治療劑(例如,細胞毒素藥劑、放射 119493.doc -66- 200813090 性同位素及化學治療劑)4 、 席^ 用於猎由成像偵測患者樣品或 活體内之α5β 1之標記(例如,於斛 V列划敌射性同位素、螢光染料及 )拼合。 亦涵蓋編碼抗α5β1抗體之核酸分子,包含編碼—或兩個 可變域之核酸分子之表達載體及包含核酸分子之細胞。該 等抗體可用於本文所述之治療中且可用於偵測患者樣品 (例如’ FACS、免疫組織化學(IHC)、EUsa檢定)或患者 f 之α5β1蛋白質。 新穎的組合 本發明提供用於抑制患疾病之個體之血管生成及/或血 管滲透之新穎的組合,該等組合包含VEGF拮抗劑及“… 拮抗劑。VEGF拮抗劑&α5β1拮抗劑可以同時或相繼治療 週期投與。該等組合治療適用於治療疾病,該等疾病包括 彼等具有4常血管生成及/或血管渗m病且將自抗血 管生成治療受益。該等疾病包括(但不限於)癌症、眼部疾 1/ 病及自體免疫疾病。或者,個體可經VEGF拮抗劑治療且 隨後投與α5β1拮抗劑,例如,在個體對VEGF拮抗劑治療 不反應之前經VEGF拮抗劑治療且隨後使個體經Μ"拮抗 劑治療。根據一實施例,當癌症為非侵襲性的時,個體經 VEGF拮抗劑治療,且隨後當癌症為侵襲性的時,經Μ" 拮抗劑治療。與非疾病患者或對照相比,一些自然細斤 α5β1含量升高或對VEGF拮抗劑治療反應之患者可尤其對 該組合治療反應。涵蓋進一步包含治療劑(例如,抗贅生 性藥劑、化學治療劑、生長抑制劑及細胞毒素藥劑)之組 119493.doc -67- 200813090 合。舉例而言,將經化學治療(例如,伊立替康)及α5β1拮 抗劑治療之患者或已經化學治療及α5β1拮抗劑治療之患者 可自VEGF拮抗劑治療受益。或者,已經化學治療及VEGF 拮抗劑治療之患者可自α5 β 1拮抗劑治療受益。在一較佳實 施例中,抗VEGF抗體為Avastin⑧抗體。在另一較佳實施 例中,抗α5β1抗體為本文所述之抗α5β1抗體。 因此,本文所引用之所有公開案(包括專利及專利申請 案)其整體内容係以引用之方式併入,該等公開案特定包 括2006年3月21日申請之美國臨時申請案第60/784,704號、 2006年3月22日申請之美國臨時申請案第60/785,330號, 2006年12月22日申請之美國臨時申請案第60/871,743號。 下列DNA序列係按照美國典型微生物菌種保藏中心 (American Type Culture Collection)(ATCC) , 10801
University Blvd·,Manassas,VA 20110-2209,USA之布達佩 斯條約(Budapest Treaty)之條款寄存,描述如下: 物質 寄存號 寄存曰期 α5/β1 7Η5.4.2.8 ΡΤΑ-7421 2006年 3 月 7 日 α5/β1 7Η12.5.1.4 ΡΤΑ-7420 2006年 3 月 7 日 據此出於專利程序及法規之目的(布達佩斯條約),本文 之寄存係按照微生物寄存國際認定之布達佩斯條約之規定 進行。此保證寄存物之有活力培養物自寄存日期起維持30 年。按照布達佩斯條約之條款且服從Genentech,Inc.與 ATCC之間的協定,寄存物應可由ATCC使用,該協定保證 在相關美國專利頒佈之後或任何美國或外國專利申請案公 119493.doc -68- 200813090 諸於眾之後(無論何者在先),寄存物之培養物之子代對公 眾永久且無限制性地可用,且保證待根據35 U.S.C. 122及 其 Commissioner’s規則(包括 37 C.F.R. 1.14,特定提及 886 OG 638)授權之由美國專利與商標委員確定之寄存物之子 代可用。 本申請案之受讓人已同意若當在合適條件下培養時,寄 存之物質之培養物死亡或丟失或破壞,則該等物質應通知 用另一同樣的物質即時替換。所寄存之物質之可用性不應 理解為違反任何政府當局根據其專利法所授予之權利而實 踐本發明之特許。 除非另有說明,否則根據製造商之說明書使用實例中所 提及之市售試劑。下列實例及整個說明書中由ATCC寄存 編號所鑑別之彼等細胞之源為美國典型微生物菌種保藏中 心,Manassas,VA。除非另有說明,否則本發明使用DNA 重組技術之標準程序,諸如彼等上文及下列教科書中所述 之標準程序:Sambrook等人,上述,· Ausubel等人, Current Protocols in Molecular Biology (Green Publishing Associates and Wiley Interscience,N.Y·,1989); Innis 等 人,PCR Protocols: A Guide to Methods and Applications (Academic Press,Inc.: Ν·Υ·,1990) ; Harlow 等人,Antibodies: A Laboratory Manual (Cold Spring Harbor Press: Cold Spring Harbor, 1988) ; Gait, Oligonucleotide Synthesis (IRL Press: Oxford,1984) ; Freshney,Animal Cell Culture,1987 ; Coligan等人,Current Protocols in Immunology,1991 o 119493.doc -69- 200813090 在整個說明書及申請專利範圍中,字組,,包含 (comprise)” 或諸如”包含(c〇mprises)"或,,包含(c〇mprisin#, 之其變體應理解為含包所陳述之整體或整體之群但不排除 任何其他整體或整體之群。 : 認為前述書面描述足以使得熟習此項技術者能夠實踐本 : 發明。下列實例僅出於說明性目的而提供且無論如何不意 欲限制本發明之範疇。實際上,除本文所展示或描述之修 (' 改外,本發明之各種修改由上述描述應對熟習此項技術者 變得顯而易見且屬於附加申請專利範圍之範疇。 實例 實例1-抗VEGF治療後,〇1501表現之基質細胞之募集 將無胸腺小鼠之已經抗VEGF抗體B2〇_41單一治療處理 之HT-29人類結腸直腸癌瘤異種移植之區段染色以用於抗 α5β1表現。與該研究中經對照抗體(抗豬草抗體)處理之對 照組相比,Β20-4.1單一治療產生與對應於極少量或無活 性之端點(ΤΤΕ)相符之中位值。58天之持續時間期間了已 將腫瘤每週量測兩次。當動物之腫瘤達到1〇〇〇mm3之終點 體積或達到第58天時(無論何者在先),使其安樂死且計算 各小氣之(TTE)。治療結果已由腫瘤生長延遲百分率 f (%TGD)確定,該百分率定義為所治療之小鼠對對照小鼠 之中位TTE之百分率的增加,其中使用㈣分析 (Logrank analysis)差異在〇.〇1化〇 〇5時認為為顯著的且在 Ρ<0·01時認為為高度顯著的。對照組之中位ΤΤΕ值為2〇6 天。經Β20-4」單一治療治療產生對應於無活性之2〇 i天之 119493.doc -70- 200813090 中位TTE。 圖1展示經抗α5β1抗體染色之腫瘤區段。抗VEGF治療之 後,觀察到基質細胞募集增加。該等基質細胞對整合素 a5bl為陽性的(淡綠色染色)。 實例2-抗α5β1抗體 將小鼠用純人類a5pi(Chemicon CC1027)注射。將表現 抗α5 β 1抗體之漿細胞瘤細胞分離且轉化為融合瘤細胞株。 將指定為7Η5.4.2.8及7Η12.5.1.4之兩種融合瘤細胞株寄存 於ATCC。參見如上。由7Η5.4.2.8融合瘤產生之抗體為 mIgG2a κ抗體(本文亦稱為’’7Η5抗體”)。由7Η12.5.1.4融合 瘤產生之抗體為mIgG2b κ抗體(本文亦稱為"7H12抗體”)。 實例3-HUVEC直接結合檢定 將含有生長人類臍靜脈内皮細胞(HUVEC)之組織培養物 用PBS洗滌兩次。將細胞用3-4 ml 5 mM EDTA/PBS溶液自 培養燒瓶分離。將新鮮培養基添加至細胞中且混合。計數 混合物中細胞之一等分試樣。將細胞離心且用洗滌緩衝液 (50 mM Tris,150 mM NaCl,pH 7.5)洗滌一次。調整細胞 濃度以致細胞可以每孔25微升接種於96孔MSD高結合板, 以25,000個細胞/孔或4,000個細胞/孔接種於384孔板(目錄 號分別為L11XB-1或 L11XB-2,Meso Scale Diagnostics, LLC)。將細胞在室溫下在板上培育1小時以允許捕獲。為 阻斷孔,將25 μΐ儲備緩衝液(30%於TBS(50 mM Tris,150 mM NaCl)中之胎牛血清(FBS)+1 mM CaCl2/l mM MgCl2, pH 7.5)添加至孔中且在室溫下培育30分鐘至1小時。 119493.doc -71 - 200813090 將抗α5β1抗體用檢定缓衝液(具有1 mM CaCl2/1 mM MgCl2之TBS(pH 7.2)+2-4% FBS)連續稀釋以具有多種机體 濃度。將孔用洗滌缓衝液洗滌兩次且隨後吸乾。將25 μ1抗 體稀釋液添加至孔中且隨後在冰上培育1小時。將孔用 TBS洗滌3次。 將25 μΐ 0.5 pg/ml xmuFc-硫基標記溶液添加至各孔中且 在冰上培育45分鐘至1小時。xmuFc-琉基標記為山羊抗鼠 類 IgG : R23-AC-5,MSD-SA標記:R32-21-AD-5,在冰上 培養45分鐘至1小時。將孔用TBS洗滌3次。將150 μΐ 2X讀 出緩衝液添加至各孔(4xMSD讀出緩衝液,用dH2〇稀釋 2x,目錄號R92TD-1(無界面活性劑))中。所得電化學發光 (ECL)信號係由光電二極體量測且使用MSD讀數器(預設 6000協定)定量為相對光單位。圖2展示HUVEC直接結合檢 定之結果。7H5抗體之EC50為0.22 nM。7H12抗體之EC50 為 0·38 nM。 實例4-抗α5β 1抗體FACS檢定 將7H12或7H5抗體與RAJI細胞(不表現α5β1 mRNA之細 胞株)或HUVEC細胞(表現高含量之α5β1 mRNA之細胞株) 以100 μΐ —起培育。使用經螢光拼合之二級抗體偵測結合 細胞。圖3展示經由FACS分析,7Η12及7Η5與HUVEC細胞 結合且不與RAJI細胞結合。對兔滑膜細胞(HIG-82)或獼猴 細胞(CL-160獼猴成纖維細胞或CRL-1780視網膜内皮細胞) 使用相同技術,吾人觀察到7H12及7H5與兔及猴細胞結合。 實例5-在抗α5-β1抗體存在下,細胞與黏連蛋白之黏著 119493.doc -72- 200813090 將黏連蛋白(Sigma F1141(牛)或Roche 1080938(人類))稀 釋至108/1111於碳酸鈉緩衝液中。>11;>1(:111&乂18〇印96孔板之 每孔添加100 μΐ黏連蛋白溶液且在4°C下搁置以結合隔夜 (NUNC 96孔平底免疫板,MaxiSorp N/Ster 439454(VWR 62409-002))。隨後,將孔用磷酸鹽緩衝鹽水(PBS)洗滌且 用1% BSA(Sigma A9418)阻斷至少30 min。隨後,將板用 PBS洗滌3次。將20,000個HUVEC細胞添加至各孔中且與 於含有1.4 mM MgCl2及1.4 mM CaCl2之生長培養基中之各 濃度之7H5或7H12—起培育。隨後,將培育混合物添加至 經黏連蛋白塗佈之板中。當未添加抑制抗體時,將於相同 生長培養基中之約20,000個細胞添加至各對照孔中。 將板在140 g下旋轉5 min以同時使細胞與受質接觸。將 細胞在C02恆溫箱中培育各種持續時間(自〇至120分鐘)。 培育持續時間隨各細胞株而變化。隨後,將板用PBS洗滌3 次。自孔移除所有液體且在-80°C下冷柬。隨後,將板在 室溫下解凍。將CyQuant緩衝液(Molecular Probes CyQuant C7026)添加至孔中且將板在室溫下培育1〇 min。量測OD讀 數。圖4展示 7H5 抗體之 IC50 為 0.85 pg/ml(3.44 nM)且 7H12 抗體之 IC50為 0.7 gg/ml(4_38 nM)。 實例6-使用HUVEC細胞之增殖檢定 將96孔板用黏連蛋白(1 pg/ml)塗佈隔夜。隨後,將板用 PBS洗滌。每96孔添加3000-5000個内皮細胞(EC)且允許完 全附著於孔。添加抗α5抗體(包括同型對照)。各病狀使用 3個孔。隨後,將細胞與抗體一起培育1 -24小時。將抗整 119493.doc -73 - 200813090 合素α5β1抗體在數個濃度(例如,0 pg/ml、4 pg/ml、16 pg/ml、60 pg/ml、120 pg/ml)下測試。 隨後,藉由將細胞與2 μΐ BrdU儲備溶液(25 mg/ml於PBS 中)於1 ml組織培養基(EGM2 +來自Clonetics之補充物(目錄 號CC-4 176))中一起培育使細胞經BrdU標記。該培育之 後,將細胞用4% PFA固定,用1 N HC1處理20 min,用 PBS洗滌數次且隨後以10%山羊血清(具有0.2% Triton之 PBS)P且斷1-2小時。隨後,將細胞以BrdU為對照(BD目錄 號347580 1:40)用單株抗體(具有0.2% Triton之PBS及5%山 羊血清)染色且在4°C下培育隔夜。第二天,將細胞用PBS 洗滌3次且在室溫下在黑暗中與經Alexa-594拼合之抗兔 (1:800)二級抗體一起培育4小時。將孔再次洗滌且與 DAPI(1:10,000於PBS中)一起培育10 min。用PBS最後洗滌 之後,藉由在5χ下給DAPI染色拍照計數每孔之總細胞數 目。使用紅色濾光片給相同領域内對BrdU為陽性之細胞拍 照。以該領域中對BrdU為陽性之細胞之百分率評估增殖。 隨後,使用Excel分析結果。圖5a展示起始細胞數目為 5 000後32小時時,HUVEC之總細胞數。圖5b展示抗體濃 度為20 pg/ml下24小時時,HUVEC之總細胞數。 實例7-遷移檢定協定 在融合之前,HUVEC細胞係在經5 gg/ml黏連蛋白塗佈 之24孔板上在EGM2+來自Clonetics之所有補充物(目錄號 CC-4 176)中生長。隨後,將各孔之中心處之細胞經2 μΐ吸 管尖梢劃痕且將由劃痕移除之細胞洗除。將具有對照抗體 119493.doc -74- 200813090 7H5或7H12之細胞培養基添加至不同孔中。以2〇畔/w使 用所有測試抗體。隨後,使細胞生長1至2天。監測傷口區 域。圖6展示0小時及30小時時,ECM-2中,具有20 pg/ml 抗α5抗體(7H5)之5 pg/ml黏連蛋白上HUVEC遷移之照片。 圖7之曲線圖為30小時時,經7H5或7H12抗體處理之細胞 之遷移%。 實例8-HUVEC活化卡斯蛋白酶_3免疫染色細胞凋亡檢定 將96孔板用黏連蛋白(1 塗佈隔夜。將板用pBS洗 滌。隨後’每96孔經板固定3000-5000個HUVEC細胞且在 完全培養基(具有 EGM_2 SingleQuots(Cambrex CC-4176)之 EBM-2培養基(Cambrex CC-3156))中生長隔夜。若2H-11小 鼠内皮細胞將用於細胞凋亡檢定,則培養基為具有丨〇% FBS之50/50培養基。 第二天’將一組孔改為無血清培養基且培育4_6小時以 使細胞餓死且使其處於非增殖狀態下。將另一組細胞保持 在完全培養基中且其代表積極增殖之細胞。‘6小時後, 添加抗體(包括同型對照)。通常,各病狀使用3個孔。隨 後,將細胞與抗體一起培育卜48小時。抗整合素α5β1抗體 通常在以下濃度下測試:〇 pg/nU、4 pg/mi、16 pg/ml及 120 pg/ml。 該培育之後,將細胞用4〇/。PFA固定,以1〇%山羊血清 (具有0.2% Triton之PBS)阻斷1-2小時,且隨後用特異性識 別卡斯蛋白酶3之活化型之單株抗體(例如,來自Bi〇visi〇n 119493.doc -75- 200813090 之兔抗活性卡斯蛋白酶-3抗體,用具有0.2% Triton之PBS 及5%山羊血清以1:50稀釋)染色。在4°C下,將抗卡斯蛋白 酶3抗體及所固定之細胞培育隔夜。第二天,將細胞用PBS 洗滌3次且在室溫下在黑暗中與經Alexa-594拼合之抗兔 (1:800)二級抗體一起培育4小時。將孔再洗滌且與 DAPI(1:10,000於PBS中)一起培育10 min。用PBS最後洗滌 之後,藉由在5χ下給DAPI染色拍照計數每孔之總細胞數 目。使用紅色濾光片給相同領域内對活化卡斯蛋白酶3為 陽性之細胞拍照。以對活化卡斯蛋白酶-3為陽性之細胞之 百分率評估細胞凋亡。隨後,使用Excel分析結果。圖8展 示7H5及7H12並不積極誘導細胞凋亡。 實例9-HUVEC卡斯蛋白酶-3/7活性比色檢定 使用7H5及7H12抗體執行卡斯蛋白酶3/7活性檢定(來自 Promeg a之Apo-One卡斯蛋白酶- 3/7檢定,參見用於標準96 孔檢定說明書之技術公報第295號)。 通常,將96孔板經黏連蛋白(1 pg/ml)塗佈隔夜。將板用 PBS洗滌。隨後,每96孔經板固定3000-5000個HUVEC細 胞且在完全培養基(具有EGM-2 SingleQuots(Cambrex CC-4176)之£丑]^1-2培養基(€&11113代父(:0315 6))中生長隔夜。若 2H-11小鼠内皮細胞將用於細胞凋亡檢定,則培養基為具 有10% FBS之50/50培養基。 第二天,將一組孔改為無血清培養基且培育4-6小時以 使細胞餓死且使其處於非增殖狀態下。將另一組細胞保持 在完全培養基中且其代表積極增殖之細胞。4-6小時後, 119493.doc -76- 200813090 添加抗體(包括同型對照)。通常,各病狀使用3個孔。隨 後,將細胞與抗體一起培育24-48小時。抗整合素α5β1抗 體通常在以下濃度下測試:〇 pg/ml、4 pg/ml、16 pg/ml、 60 pg/ml及 120 pg/ml 〇 該培育之後,將100 μΐ Apo-One卡斯蛋白酶3/7試劑添加 至各孔中,且將該板使用板震盪器在300 rPm下輕輕混合 3 0秒。隨後,將板在室溫下培育1至8小時,隨後使用板讀 數器。在485 nm之激發波長及530 nm之發射下量測各孔之 螢光。 由卡斯蛋白酶3/7受質之裂解產生之螢光信號(RLU)指示 細胞凋亡。圖9展示7H5及7H12並不積極誘導細胞凋亡。 實例10-管形成檢定 可就抗α5β1抗體抑制管形成之能力評定抗α5β1抗體。以 下為基於HUVEC發芽之管形成檢定之實例且管形成檢定 描述於 # 乂(2003) <5(5 (2003) 102-112 〇 HUVEC細胞通常可與經右旋糖酐(detran)塗佈之Cytodex 3微載體(Amersham Pharmacia Biogech,Piscataway,NJ)以 於1 ml EGF-2培養基中每珠粒400 HUVEC之濃度混合。在 37°C及5% C02下,每20分鐘可將具有細胞之珠粒輕輕震盪 歷時4小時。培育之後,可將具有細胞之珠粒轉移至25 cm2 組織培養燒瓶(BD Biosciences,Bedford,MA)中且在 37°(:及5%(:02下在5 1111£〇]^_2中擱置12-16小時。第二 天,可將具有細胞之珠粒用1 ml EGM-2洗滌3次且以於2.5 119493.doc -77- 200813090 mg/mL纖維蛋白原(Sigma,St. Louis,MO)中200個經細胞塗 佈之珠粒之濃度再懸浮。可將5〇〇微升纖維蛋白原/珠粒溶 液添加至於24孔組織培養板之一個孔中之〇·625單位凝血 酶(Sigma)中。纖維蛋白原/珠粒溶液可在室溫下凝結$分鐘 且Ik後在37C及5% C〇2下凝結20分鐘。可將1毫升EGM> 2(其含有2% FBS)添加至各孔中且在37它及5% c〇2下與纖 維蛋白凝塊平衡3 0分鐘。將培養基自孔移除且替換為i ml 新鮮培養基。可將大約二萬個皮膚成纖維細胞(Detr〇it 551,ATCC,Rockville,MD)用板固定於凝塊上部。可每隔 一天就更改培養基。可將珠粒檢定監測7天。 在凝膠上有或無500 μΐ抗α5β1抗體(7H5及7H12)之情況 下,可將經HUVEC塗佈之珠粒在纖維蛋白凝膠中培養2_3 天’且隨後轉移至裝備有多維軸之NiC0I1 Eclipse ΤΕ300之 平臺上且維持在37°C及5% C〇2歷時72小時。待使用之最終 抗體濃度可藉由考慮纖維蛋白凝膠體積來計算,亦即,最 終抗體/辰度-總抗體重量/培養基體積+纖維蛋白凝膠體 積。可每20分鐘使用Metamorph軟體自多個珠粒捕獲影 像。在/舌體外企管之定量可使用珠粒之高解析度影像(例 如,具有4x物鏡之1X70 〇lympus顯微鏡)實現。每珠粒之 芽之數目可與對照(未經治療)相比測定,其中芽可定義為 長度等於珠粒之直徑之血管。芽長度可以任意單位度量。 實例11 -異種移植/同種異體移植腫瘤模型中之組合研究 在異種移植/同種異體移植腫瘤模型中,可評估^ β 1才士 抗劑治療及VEGF拮抗劑治療之同時及相繼投與。模型較 119493.doc -78- 200813090 佳幾乎不對或不對VEGF拮抗劑單一治療反應。以下為可 使用之模型實例:(4無胸腺裸小鼠中f〇5同種異體移植(乳 房腫瘤源自mmtv-Her2轉殖基因小鼠KFinkle,D等人, (2004) Clin· Cancer Res· 10:2499-2511) ; (b)無胸腺裸小鼠 中之HT29異種移植(人類結腸直腸株);及(c)RIP-TbAg(Tg 模型中之胰腺腫瘤)。治療通常可經腹膜内、皮下或靜脈 内投與。舉例而言,抗VEGF抗體可每週一次以1〇 mg/kg 或每週兩次以5 mg/kg投與。待投與之諸如抗體之α5β1拮 抗劑的量可基於其親和力及活性估算。在一實驗中, VEGF拮抗劑及(1外1拮抗劑可按同步時程投與歷時5_6週。 其他或另外,VEGF拮抗劑及α5β 1拮抗劑可相繼投與(例 如,投與抗VEGF抗體歷時三週,接著給予抗α5ρι抗體歷 時三週)。 治療功效可尤其基於腫瘤進展、腫瘤灌注、腫瘤血管密 度、形態及/或存活評估。腫瘤進展可由(例如)腫瘤體積及 ;ί /或腫瘤重量量測。FITC-凝集素灌注以及血管標記染色可 用於評估伴隨贅生性進展之血管變化。 實例12- MDA-MB23 1人類乳房腫瘤模型 將HRLN雌性裸小鼠用5xl06 MD冬ΜΒ231人類乳癌細胞 在其脅部經皮下注射。(HRLN為品系名稱)。在腫瘤達到 80-120立方毫米之平均大小之前,使腫瘤生長。隨後,將 帶有腫瘤之小鼠分為4組,且當每組之平均腫瘤體積為約 100立方毫米時,開始治療。 研究期間,每週兩次量測腫瘤體積。使用標準測徑規量 119493.doc 79- 200813090 測方法進行腫瘤體積量測。稱為10E7之倉鼠抗小鼠整合素 a5 mab係在Genentech產生。當腫瘤為1.5 gms或已過60天 時(無論何者在先),達到實驗終點。在一些情況下,反應 者可能需追蹤更久。當達到終點時,使動物安樂死。 治療詳情描述如下: (1) 對照組:經抗豬草對照mab注射(10 mg/kg,腹腹内 (ip),每週一次) (2) 抗VEGF單一藥劑組:經抗VEGF mab B20.4.1注射(10 mg/kg,ip,每週一次) (3) 組合組:B20.41.(10 mg/kg,ip,每週一次)加倉鼠抗 小鼠整合素a5 mab 10E7(10 mg/kg,ip,每週兩次) (4) 抗整合素α5單一藥劑組:經倉鼠抗小鼠整合素α5 mab 10E7( 1 0 mg/kg,ip,每週兩次) 對照組資料: 研究之曰 1 4 9 13 16 20 23 27 動物之 TV TV TV TV TV TV TV TV ID (mm3) (mm3) (mm3) (mm3) (mm3) (mm3) (mm3) (mm3) 1 63 75 ; 196 405 550 486 600 :酬… 2 63 75 126 196 320 ' 320 446 mmmk 3 75 126 288 666 666 936 1080 :2〇48 4 75 126 196 ^ v 式 320 320 446 527 :vm:二 5 75 126 288 446 486 787 908 :;1764\ 6 88 144 221 288 288 405 550 7 88 144 320 550 726 1008 1352 8 88 144 144 446 600 1268 1268 9 108 144 245 486 650… 700 908 10 144 162 320 527 527- 847 1352 〜哪料 平均值 86.5 126.6 234.4 432.8 513.2 720.2 898.9 1441.6 SEM 7.7 9.3 22 43.5 49.7 96.6 112.3 198.2 N 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 119493.doc -80- 200813090 抗VEGF單個藥劑組之資料: 研究之日 動物之ID 1 TV (mm3) 4 TV (mm3) 9 TV (mm3) 13 TV (mm3) 16 TV (mm3) 20 TV (mm3) 23 TV (mm3) 27 TV (mm3) 1 63 108 144 320 :丨:::1纖繁您論雜纖_^_;敏: 405; 550 256 500 / ; 2 1*11 63 100 ^ ^ 、 162 221 1 :,288 ;:288 ^ 550 3 75 、196] 365 405 500 320 、's 、 ' , '500 550 4 75 Ί、 196 256 288 500 :; 55〇 1099 5 75 126 196 320 500 500 550 787 6 88 144 221 320 352 - Ό、 446 446 600 7 88 . 196 365 4〇5 405 666 726 864 8 88 196 288 320 352 384 288 365 9 108 172 256 麵ί燦过撼珍:够缝if您免没卜 500 \ 405 320 288 ;320;; 10 144 键龜誘發驗::丨!1鉍!:1纖觀; ____ 11¾¾ 567 750 968 1296 1296 平均值 86.5 152 254.6 357.5 417.8 494.1 518.8 693 SEM 7.7 18.7 32.6 36.9 45.8 64.5 99.1 100 N 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 抗VEGF及抗α5β1資料: 研究之日 1 4 9 13 16 20 23 27 動物之ID TV TV TV TV TV TV TV TV (mm3) (mm3) (mm3) (mm3) (mm3) (mm3) (mm3) (mm3) 1 63 63 63、 63 ::63 -;m 126 :108 : 2 63 108 172 / 256 288 288 ; 3 75 :::126 126 ^ 22l> 245 245 320 .- > Λ < 320;7 4 75 75 λ iy: 126 196 288 245 Λ·。 5 75 ; 108 :172 405 352 650 :; :簡熱:ΐ 908: 6 88 196 -221 320 320 ; ^ 288- 196; 196^ 7 88 196 IH^H 288 C/288v;; 446 8 :88 J88: 144 ; 議 320: .405 . 9 :108 , :;^126rV 144 •V» S N > A Λ 196 : 320 320 ν / 486 10 144 „ 、221 .270 :446 I 600 ; 650 s ' ? V、 4 600 } 787 平均值 86.5 118.5 158.1 260.8 283.6 341.3 335.3 438.8 SEM 7.7 16.5 19.9 37.3 44 54.7 52.2 78.1 N 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10
81- 119493.doc 200813090 抗整合素α 5單個藥劑組之數據:
該初步資料展示抗“+抗VEGF組合活性之早期病徵。 研九終點之後,計算各組之平均腫瘤體積(圖HA)。亦 構造卡本一麥爾曲、線圖以展示作為時間函數之研究中剩餘 動物的百刀率(圖11B)。資料展示抗整合素α职抗體在 乳癌模型中增強抗VEGF之功效。 實例13_兔耳傷口癒合模型中之7Η12及貝伐株單抗 將新西蘭白兔稱重且用異螢烷麻醉。在各兔中,將毛自 2面及心雙耳耳廓之邊緣修剪。用除毛洗劑自手術部位 冷、Γ任何剩餘毛髮將手術部位用優姨洗液清洗,接著用醇 。使用無菌技術,使用圓形8_打孔活檢儀器在各耳 生一個深度至耳軟骨之傷口。用骨膜上起子及精密剪 H9493.doc -82- 200813090 刀移除下方之軟骨膜。在各傷口上方置放Opsite®黏性繃 帶且使兔子自麻醉中恢復知覺。 每曰移除Opsite®敷料,檢查傷口,局部應用治療且塗 覆新鮮敷料。藉由在第0天(緊接著手術)、第7天、第10 天、第14天及第18天量測傷口直徑計算傷口裂口。 治療組為: 各傷口每日30 μΐ之1〇〇 gg貝伐株單抗(抗VEGF抗體)(n=4) 各傷 口每曰 30 μΐ之 1〇〇 pg 7H12(抗α5β1 抗體)(n=4) 各傷口每日15 μΐ之100 pg貝伐株單抗+15 μΐ之100 pg 7H12(n=4) 各傷口每日30 μΐ之100 pg搓杜滋美(Trastuzumab)(抗HER2 抗體)(n=3) 資料展示在血管生成模型中抗VEGF及抗α5β1組合治療 相對僅單一試劑具有衝擊效應(圖1 〇)。 實例14·結腸癌中抗α5β1及抗VEGF之組合治療 將HRLN雌性nu/nu小鼠用1 mm3 ΗΤ29腫瘤片段(結腸腫 瘤)在其脅部經皮下注射。在經治療治療之前,在腫瘤達 到80-120立方宅米之平均大小之前,使腫瘤生長。隨後, 將帶有腫瘤之小鼠分為4組: 組 小鼠 治療 方案1 治療方案2 ' ^ 序號 藥劑 mg/kg 途徑 時程 藥劑 mg/kg 途徑 1 10 對照 10 IP qwk><7 PBS IP biwkx7 2 10 B20-4.1 10 ~IP~ qwkx終點 PBS - IP 2x/wkJ^^ 3 10 B20-4.1 10 IP qwkx終點 10E7 10 IP 2x/wkJ^^ 4 10 PBS IP - 10E7 10 IP 2x/wk£^^ 119493.doc -83 - 200813090
U 使用標準測徑規量測方法每週兩次進行腫瘤體積量測。 稱為10E7之倉鼠抗小鼠整合素a5 mab係在Genentech產 生。對照IgG為抗豬草單株抗體。體重在2天内量測5次, 隨後每週兩次(biwk)直至研究結束。實驗終點為體積腫瘤 達1 gms或第90天(無論何者在先)。一些反應者需追蹤更 久。當到達終點時,使動物安樂死。給藥體積為10 mL/kg(0.200 ml/20 g小鼠),該體積係按體重調整。就展示 完全退化(CR)之動物而言,在終點時收集腫瘤植入之部位 處之組織且保藏於福馬林(formulin)中,接著保藏於70% EtOH中以用於後面的研究。將所有待冷凍之樣品置放於 冷黴素中,包裹於箔片中且快速冷凍於液氮中。 研究終點之後,計算各組之平均腫瘤體積(圖12A)。亦 構造卡本一麥爾曲線圖以展示作為時間函數之研究中剩餘 之動物的百分率(圖12B)。資料展示在結腸癌模型中抗整 合素α5β 1抗體增強抗VEGF之功效。 實例15-結腸癌中之抗α5β1+化學治療 將HRLN雌性nu/nu小鼠用5x 106 HCT116腫瘤細胞(結腸 腫瘤細胞)在其脅部經皮下注射。在經治療治療之前,在 腫瘤達到80-120立方毫米之平均大小之前,使腫瘤生長。 隨後,將帶有腫瘤之小鼠分為4組:
119493.doc -84- 200813090 使用^示準測徑規量測方沐^ ^ 万去母週兩次進行腫瘤體積量測。 稱為10Ε7之倉鼠抗小鼠敕 鼠ι合素cc5 mab係在
生體重在2天内I測5次,隨後每週兩次(匕㈣直至研究 結束。實驗終點為體積腫瘤達15 _或第6〇天(無論何者 在先)。-些反應者需追蹤更久。當到達終點時,使動物 安樂死。給藥體積為H) mL/kg(〇 2⑽ml/2〇 g小鼠),該體 積係按體重調整。在投與伊立替康之前3〇分鐘,投與 10E7。就展示完全退化(CR)之動物而言,在終點時收集腫 瘤植入之部位處之組織且保藏於福馬林中,接著保藏於 鳩EtOH中以用於後面的研究。將所有待冷束之樣品置 放於冷Μ素中,包裹於箔片中且快速冷凍於液氮中。 研究終點之後,計算各組之平均腫瘤體積(圖丨3Α)。亦 構造卡本-麥爾曲線圖以展示作為時間函數之研究中剩餘 之動物的百分率(圖13Β)。資料展示抗整合素α5β1抗體在 結腸癌模型中並不增強化學治療劑(伊立替康)之活性之功 效’而且其並不阻礙化學治療劑之活性。該觀察結果與吾 人的看法一致,在抗α5β1治療可有效適用於通常抗血管生 成’且尤其腫瘤定型中之抗血管生成之前,會出現血管損 傷。該血管損傷可由諸如AVASTIN®抗體之VEGF拮抗劑引 起。在該模型中,單獨化學治療劑並不引起顯著的金管損 傷。可設想同時或相繼使用所有該藥劑(VEGF拮抗劑/α5β1 拮抗劑/化學治療劑)以致出現VEGF拮抗劑引起血管損傷。 【圖式簡單說明】 圖1展示HT29異種移植腫瘤經抗VEGF抗體(B20-4.1)治 119493.doc -85- 200813090 療之後,α5 β 1表現之基質細胞之增加募集。 圖2之曲線圖展示直接結合檢定中與HUVEC細胞結合之 7Η5及7Η12抗體。 圖3展示經FACS分析與HUVEC但不與RAJI細胞結合之 7H5及7H12抗體。 圖4之曲線圖展示在純7H5及7H12單株抗體存在下黏著 於黏連蛋白之HUVEC。 圖5(A)之棒狀圖以總細胞數展示7H5及7H12對HUVEC細 胞增殖之效應及(B)之棒狀圖由Alamar藍染色法展示另一 檢定中7H5及7H12對HUVEC細胞增殖之效應。 圖6之相片為經7H5處理後,0 h及30 h時與陰性對照 (IgG)相比之HUVEC細胞遷移。 圖7之定量棒狀圖展示經7H5及7H12處理後HUVEC細胞 遷移。 圖8之棒狀圖展示經7H5及7H12處理後,細胞凋亡檢定 中表現活化卡斯蛋白酶-3(caspase-3)之HUVEC細胞之百分 率〇 圖9之棒狀圖展示經7H5及7H12處理後,HUVEC卡斯蛋 白酶3 / 7之活性。 圖10之曲線圖展示7H12及/或貝伐株單抗在兔耳傷口癒 合模型中之活性。 圖11展示在乳癌模型中經抗VEGF抗體+/-抗α5β1抗體處 理之小鼠之結果,(Α)之曲線圖展示所處理之小鼠之群中 位腫瘤體積或(Β)之卡本-麥爾曲線圖(KaPlan_Meier卩1〇〇展 119493.doc -86- 200813090 示作為時間函數之研究中剩餘之動物的百分率。當動物之 腫瘤達到或超過1500 mm3時,將其自研究移除。 圖12展示在結腸癌模型中經抗VEGF抗體+/^^α5β1抗體 處理之小鼠之結果,(Α)之曲線圖展示所處理之小鼠之群 中位腫瘤體積或(Β)之卡本-麥爾曲線圖展示作為時間函數 :之研究中剩餘之動物的百分率。當動物之腫瘤達到或超過 1500 mm3時,將其自研究移除。 ^ 圖13展示在結腸癌模型中經抗α5β1抗體或化學治療劑處 理之小鼠之結果,(Α)之曲線圖展示所處理之小鼠之群中 位腫瘤體積或(Β)之卡本·麥爾曲線圖展示作為時間函數之 研究中剩餘之動物的百分率。當動物之腫瘤達到或超過 1 5 00 mm3時,將其自研究移除。
119493.doc • 87 -
Claims (1)
- 200813090 十、申請專利範圍: 1· 一種抗體,其可結合人類α5β1且競爭性抑制抗α5β1抗體 與人類α5β1之結合,其中該抗α5β1抗體係由選自以下組 成之群的融合瘤產生:2006年3月7日寄存於ATCC之融 合瘤 α5/β1 7H5.4.2.8(ATCC No. PTA-7421)及融合瘤 α5/β1 7H12.5丄4(ATCC No. PTA-7420)。 2. 如請求項1之抗體,其中該抗體係由選自以下組成之群 的融合瘤產生:2006年3月7曰寄存於ATCC之融合瘤 α5/β1 7H5.4.2.8(ATCC No· PTA-7421)及融合瘤 α5/β1 7H12.5.1.4(ATCC No. ΡΤΑ-7420)。 3. 如請求項1之抗體,其中該抗體包含由2006年3月7日寄 存於 ATCC之融合瘤 α5/β1 7H5.4.2.8(ATCC No. ΡΤΑ- 7421)產生之抗體的可變重鏈(VH)及可變輕鏈(VL)域序 列。 4. 如請求項1之抗體,其中該抗體包含由2006年3月7曰寄 存於 ATCC之融合瘤 α5/β1 7H12.5.1.4(ATCC NO. PTA-7420)產生之抗體的可變重鏈(VH)及可變輕鏈(VL)域序 列。 5. 如請求項1之抗體,其中該抗體為由選自以下組成之群 之融合瘤產生的抗α5β1抗體的人化或嵌合抗體:2006年 3月 7 曰寄存於 ATCC 之融合瘤 α5/β1 7Η5 ·4.2· 8 (ATCC No· PTA-7421)及融合瘤 α5/β1 7H12.5.1.4(ATCC No· PTA- 7420) 〇 6. 如請求項1-5中任一項之抗體,其中該以某一 Kd結合人 119493.doc 200813090 類α5β1之抗體係以介於5〇〇 nM與1 pM之間的Kd與α5結 合0 7.如請求項1之抗體,其中該抗體並不結合ανβ3或αΥβ5或 ανβΐ 〇 8·如請求項!及3-5中任一項之抗體,其中該抗體包含人類 IgG之Fc序列。 9·如請求項1至3-5中任一項之抗體,其中該抗體包含人類 IgGl或人類IgG4之Fc序列。 10·如請求項8之抗體,其中該抗體包含缺乏抗體依賴性細 胞毒性(ADCC)效應功能之Fc序列。 11·如請求項1至3-5中任一項之抗體,該抗體係選自由Fab、 Fab、F(ab)’2、單鏈Fv(scFv)、Fv片段;雙功能抗體 (diabody)及線性抗體組成之群。 12·如請求項1至3-5中任一項之抗體,其中該抗體為多特異 .性抗體。 13.如請求項1至3-5中任一項之抗體,其係與治療劑拼合。 14·如請求項13之抗體,其中該治療劑係選自由細胞毒性 劑、放射性同位素及化學治療劑組成之群。 15 ·如請求項1至3-5中任一項之抗體,其係與標記拼合。 16·如請求項15之抗體,其中該標記係選自由放射性同位 素、螢光染料及酶組成之群。 17· —種分離之核酸分子,其編碼如請求項1-5之抗體中任一 者之可變重鏈域(VH)或可變輕鏈域(VL)或VH與VL域兩 者0 119493.doc 200813090 18. —種表現載體,其編碼如請求項17之核酸分子。 19· 一種細胞,其包含如請求項17之核酸分子。 20. 如請求項19之細胞,其中該細胞為2〇〇6年3月7日寄存於 ATCC之融合瘤 α5/βι 7H5.4.2.8(ATCC NO· PTA- 7421)或 融合瘤 α5/β1 7H12.5.1.4(ATCC NO. PTA- 7420)。 21. —種產生抗體之方法,其包含培養如請求項19或請求項 20之細胞及自細胞培養物回收該抗體。 ( 22. —種組合物,其包含如請求項丨及3_5中任一項之抗體及 醫藥學上可接受之載劑。 23_ —種偵測患者之樣本中心“蛋白質的方法,其係藉由使 如請求項1_5中任一項之抗體與該樣本接觸及偵測與該 α5β1蛋白質結合之抗“^丨抗體。 24·如請求項23之方法,其中該抗體係用於免疫組織化學檢 定(IHC)或ELISΑ檢定中。 25· —種如請求項丨及3_5中任一項之抗體用於製造供抑制個 u 體之血’生成及/或血管渗透性之藥物的用途。 26· —種如請求項1及3_5中任一項之抗體用於製造供治療個 體之疾病之藥物的用途,其中該疾病具有異常血管生成 或血管滲透性。 27. —種抑制罹患疾病之個體血管生成及/或血管滲透性的組 合,其包含▽:£<31?拮抗劑及α5β1拮抗劑,其中該VEgF拮 抗Μ及該α5 β 1拮抗劑可同時或相繼投與。 28·種治療個體癌症之組合,其包含VEGF拮抗劑及““ 才口抗;其中该VEGF拮抗劑及α5β1拮抗劑係同時或相 119493.doc 200813090 繼投與。 29· —種治療個體眼睛疾病之組合,其包含vegf拮抗劑及 α5β1拮抗劑,其中該VEgf拮抗劑及該α5βΐ拮抗劑係同 時或相繼投與。 30· —種治療個體自體免疫疾病之組合,其包含vegf拮抗 劑及α5β1拮抗劑,其中該¥£〇1?拮抗劑及該α5β1拮抗劑 係同時或相繼投與。 3 1 ·如睛求項27至30中任一項之組合,其中該個體投與該 VEGF拮抗劑及隨後投與該(^卩丨拮抗劑。 32. 如請求項27至30中任一項之組合,其中該個體同時投與 該VEGF拮抗劑及該α5βΐ拮抗劑。 33. 如請求項27之組合,其中該個體係罹患具有異常血管生 成或血管滲透性之疾病。 34. 如請求項27之組合,其中該疾病係選自由腫瘤、免疫疾 病或眼睛疾病組成之群。 j 35.如請求項27至30中任一項之組合,其中該個體係經該 VEGF拮抗劑治療直至該個體對VEGF拮抗劑無反應為 止,隨後該個體經α5β1拮抗劑治療。 36. 如請求項28之組合,其中當該癌症為非侵襲性時,個體 係經該VEGF拮抗劑治療,而當該癌症為侵襲性時,該 個體係經該α5β1拮抗劑治療。 37. 如請求項27之組合,其中與未患該疾病之個體之組織相 比,該個體之患病組織中之以$ β 1含量升高。 38_如請求項27_30中任一項之組合,其中該個體進一步投與 119493.doc 200813090 一種選自由抗贅生藥劑、化學治療劑、生長抑制劑及細 胞毒性劑組成之群之治療劑。 39. 如請求項27-30中任一項之組合,其中該抗VEGF抗體與 人類VEGF之結合可由Avastin®抗體競爭性地抑制。 40. 如請求項42之組合,其中該抗VEGF抗體為Avastin®抗 :體。 41. 如請求項27-30中任一項之組合,其中該α5β1拮抗劑係與 /細胞毒性劑拼合。 (' 42. 如請求項4 1之組合,其中該細胞毒性劑為放射性同位 素、化學治療劑或毒素。 43. 如請求項27-30中任一項之組合,其中該VEGF拮抗劑為 抗體。 44. 如請求項27-30中任一項之組合,其中該α5β1拮抗劑為抗 體。 45. 如請求項43之組合,其中該抗VEGF抗體為人化或人類 CJ 抗體。 46. 如請求項44之組合,其中該抗α5β1抗體為人化或人類抗 體。 * 47. —種組合物,其包含VEGF拮抗劑、α5β1拮抗劑及醫藥 .學上可接受之抑制劑。 48. —種套組,其包含偵測已經VEGF拮抗劑治療之個體内 α5β1的說明書。 49. 一種如請求項27之組合用於製造供抑制罹患疾病之個體 血管生成及/或血管渗透性之藥物的用途。 119493.doc 200813090 50.如明求項49之用途,其中該疾病係選自由個體之癌症、 眼睛疾病、自體免疫疾病組成之群。 51·如請求項49之用途,其中該疾病係選自由以下組成之 群實體腫瘤、轉移性腫瘤、軟組織腫瘤、具有眼睛新 血吕生成之疾病、具有異常血管生成之發炎疾病、個體 移才後引起之疾病及具有維管(fibr〇組織異常增 殖之疾病。 52·如請求項5〇之用途,其中該癌症係選自由以下組成之 羊乳癌子呂頸癌、結腸直腸癌、肺癌、非何傑金氏 淋巴瘤(non-Hodgkins lymphoma)(NHL)、腎細胞癌、前 列腺癌、肝癌、頭頸部癌、黑素瘤、卵巢癌、間皮瘤、 軟組織癌及多發性骨髓瘤。 53 ·如明求項49之用途,其中該疾病係選自由以下組成之 群·視網膜病、年齡誘發之黃斑變性、虹膜紅變;牛皮 癖、牛皮癬性關節炎、發炎性腎病、溶血性尿毒性症候 群、糖尿病性腎病、關節炎、發炎性腸疾病、慢性發 炎、慢性視網膜剝離、慢性葡萄膜炎、慢性玻璃體炎、 角膜移植排斥、角膜新血管生成、角膜移植新企管生 成、克羅恩氏病(Crohn’s disease)、近視、眼睛新生血管 疾病、骨關節炎、佩吉特氏病(pagets disease)、類天癌 瘡、多動脈炎、雷射後放射狀角膜切開術、視網膜新血 管生成、乾燥症候群(Sogrens syndrome)、潰癌性結腸 炎、移植排斥、肺發炎、腎病症候群、水腫、惡性疾病 (malignancies)相關聯之腹水、中風、血管纖維瘤及新生 119493.doc 200813090 血管性青光眼。 54· —種α5β拮抗劑用於製造供治療罹患疾病之個體之藥物 的用途’其中該個體先前對VEGF拮抗劑治療該疾病有 反應但現在對該VEGF拮抗劑有部分反應或不再有反 應。 55·如請求項54之用途,其中與未患該疾病之個體之組織相 比’該個體之患病組織中之My含量升高。 C 56·請求項54之用途,其中該個體進一步投與選自由抗贅生 藥劑、化學治療劑、生長抑制劑及細胞毒性劑組成之群 之治療劑。 57. -種VEGF拮抗劑用於製造供治療罹患疾病之個體之藥 物的用途,其中該個體先前對α5β1拮抗劑治療該疾病有 ^應但現在對該州抬抗劑有部分反應或不再有反應。 a物,其包含VEGF促效劑(ag〇nist)及…口丨促效 劑。 〇 59. -種如請求項58之組合物用於製造藥物之用途。 60.如„月求項59之用途,其中該藥物促進傷口癒合。 119493.doc
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TWI547503B (zh) * | 2007-09-26 | 2016-09-01 | 建南德克公司 | 抗α5β1抗體、編碼其之核酸、包含其之組合物及其製造及使用方法 |
TWI504409B (zh) * | 2009-03-25 | 2015-10-21 | Genentech Inc | 新穎抗-α5β1抗體及其用途 |
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