SU1395910A1 - Method of centralized refrigeration supply of factories - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to refrigeration, in particular to methods

refrigeration of enterprises with the help of refrigeration units.

The purpose of the invention is to reduce the operating costs for the production of cold and the expansion of functionality.

. The drawing shows a diagram of a refrigeration unit.

The refrigeration unit consists of two parallel main circuits, each of which contains a compressor 1, an injection pipe 2 with a condenser 3, a receiver ft connected through a heat exchanger device 5 and a throttling valve 6 x to an evaporator-condenser 7 that is connected by a steam pipe 8, with a compressor 1. In the drawing, one basic circuit is shown in full, and:} on the second - only the heat exchanger AP-1 | Arat 5, the throttling valve 6 and the evaporator-condenser- /.

The secondary circuit is designed for District Cooling | | of various enterprises. The drawing CONDITIONALLY shows two such enterprises (circled in dotted lines), the bottom of which has two Cold consumers with different cooling temperatures | 1), for example -10 and -30-40 C i the second — one cold consumer f with cooling temperature, for example . The secondary circuit includes the evaporator-condenser 7 connected to the bottom of the bottom by a drain pipe 9 to the control vessel 10, which is connected to the bottom of the pump 11 connected to the pressure pipe 12 through the heat exchanger 13 and the heat-exchanger 5 with a linear receiver. rum 14. The linear receiver 14 in the lower part is connected by the main liquid pipe 15, which is connected to the cold consumer through heat recuperator heat exchangers 16, throttles - 1;) 17 and the liquid separators 18. The liquid separators 18 in the lower part are connected with the corresponding. There are 19 cold consumers at the top, and at the top with gas pipelines 20. In an enterprise with two cold consumers, the low-temperature consumer evaporator supply line 19 is equipped with an additional throttling valve 21 and a second liquid separator 22. At the same time

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The liquid body 18 is connected by a pipe 23 to a gas pipeline 20 of a higher-temperature consumer. Heat exchanger-heat exchanger 16 of higher temperature consumer is connected to main gas pipeline 24, which is connected through heat exchanger 13 with evaporator-condenser 7. Heat exchanger-heat exchanger 16 low temperature consumer is connected to main gas pipeline 25, connected through heat exchanger 13 with evaporator condenser 7 of the second main circuit, the liquid refrigerant from which flows through similar pipelines, apparatus and is pumped by pumps in the same way as in the first main tank round.

At an enterprise located at a large distance from the centralized compressor, the heat exchanger-heat exchanger 16 can be connected to the booster-compressor 27, which, in turn, is connected to the main gas pipeline 24 through the sub-cooler 28.

Carbon dioxide (carbon dioxide) is used as an intermediate refrigerant in the secondary circuit.

Removal of liquid and gaseous carbon dioxide from main pipelines 15, 24, 25 for the needs of enterprises, as well as the connection of these pipelines to the second centralized compressor conventionally is not shown.

Carbon dioxide compressor 29 is connected by pipeline 30 to gas pipeline 24.

The control vessel 10 is connected by an overflow pipe 31 to a receiver 32 connected through a pressure pipe 33 to a pressure pipe 12 ,. which is connected to the control vessel 10 through a solenoid valve 34 and pipe 35.

Linear receiver 14 is connected to the bottom by a drain pipe 36 through a solenoid valve 37 to reservoir park 38 tanks connected via pump 39, solenoid valves 40 and 41, and liquid pipelines 42 to receivers 32 of both intermediate refrigerant circuits.

The control vessels 10, the receivers 32 and the linear receiver 14 are equipped with instruments 43 and 44 for monitoring the upper and lower liquid levels. Linear

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The receiver 14 contains another device 45 Draining liquid carbon dioxide from the heat control operating level. The control of the exchange apparatus 5 is carried out in the level of the liquid separators 18 in the linear receiver 14, from which the evaporators 19 are conventionally not shown. in the main liquid pipe line, the refrigeration unit at the implementation of the wire 15 is distributed in accordance with the proposed method to the enterprises. The distribution in the consumer is as follows. The heat is transferred from the evaporator-condenser .7 to the refrigerant-recuperators 16, in each of the the co-agent of the main circuit along the steam line of which the supercooling of the liquid pipeline 8 takes place is sucked away by the compressed secondary refrigerant, and then by the block 1, is compressed in it along the discharge - through the throttling valves 17 Two of the two are fed to the liquid separators 18, the liquefaction to the condenser 3, from which, of the latter, its liquid part flows in liquid form into the receiver 4. 15 steps into the evaporators 19, and the gas is drained refrigerant from the receiver 4, There is a gas pipeline 20 connecting the actual temperature equal to the temperature of the steam exchangers with heat exchangers — heat recovery — condensation, is supplied to the subcoolers 16. During the recovery process, the heat flow to the heat exchanger unit 5, and the heat exchanger with liquid secondary refrigerant. - so through the throttling valve of the 6th agent its gas is low The first pressure of the evaporator-condenser 7. is heated to a temperature 3-5 ° C below the temperature of the incoming heat-Evaporation of the refrigerant in the evaporator-exchangers-heat exchangers 16 and its liquid condenser 7 is carried out in the re-. Overheating of gas with a high degree of heat exchange with an intermediate 25 recuperation stump is possible due to the refrigerant (carbon dioxide), circulating its heat capacity in accordance with the secondary circuit. At the same time, carbon dioxide is condensed by the drainage of the heat exchange process,

The second pipeline, 9, is cut off at the end of the pipeline.

roll vessel 10, from which

 j M, h 30 gas and liquid, heat exchange

the exact amount of fluid in the recuperation process, which reaches pipe 31, is discharged into

„;, - -.- by maintaining a constant lower receiver 32, located below, and

   . , n the secondary refrigerant in the separate ototal part of the liquid pump 11.

 „L x 18 liquid.

through the pressure line 12 is supplied ",.

   , oc As a result of an effective heat output through the heat exchanger 13 V Heat transfer-, - ,.

Exchange in heat exchangers-heat recovery device 5.ic

The pax 16 main gas pipelines are carbon dioxide in the evaporator 24 and 25, through which the transport-condenser 7 and in the test gas is sucked at the boiling pressure in 10, is under pressure, respectively, 19 Corresponding evaporation temperatures are subject.

refrigerant main circuit. Pump 1 1 Superheated to ambient temperature, the pressure of the liquid is up to the pressure, the gas is supplied to the heat exchanger - the corresponding temperature of the surrounding environment 13 for cooling due to the heating medium, for example, atmospheric air — a liquid refrigerant, carbon dioxide of which corresponds to the temperature is consistently heated in heat-evaporation-condensation, and then fed to the exchanger 13 and in the heat exchanger to the evaporator-condenser 7 to wait 5. After the mixing apparatus 5, it is cooked.

not only pressure, but also temperature 50 The operation of low-temperature, liquid carbon dioxide corresponds to a temperature that provides for the removal of gas to the environment. At the same time, the temperature of the liquid refrigerant base to the gas circuit of the higher-temperature circuit supplied to the brewing unit through the pipeline 23, cooling, higher than the ambient temperature of 55-8 C, is which makes it possible to somewhat reduce the cost of bringing the low-temperature cold in the heat exchange process. The secondary refrigerant’s treatment is cooled to the liquid, the refrigerant from the separator 18 of the environment. The liquids are again throttled into the droop513959106

by the valve 21 with gas supply through the overflow pipe 31 in the liquid mixture to the separator 22 liquid siver 32. With the upper level in the flow line, from where the liquid enters in the converter 32, the pump 33, which is the Pariteor 19, and the gas discharged into the gas supply fluid to the pressure pipe 20, connected through the heat pipe 12. When the lower level is reached, the reheater pennic 16 to the main pump 33 is turned off, the gas pipe 25. Low gas To maintain the working quantity; The avenues transported through the liquid secondary refrigerant circuit on the p) pipeline 25 are cooled on the high pressure side of the control B | another heat exchanger 13 and liquefy is carried out on the level of liquid in the li of the evaporator-condenser 7 of the main line receiver 14. At the lower level of the circuit.

To reduce the flow of pipes and the non-pressure produced by the pump 33 to the pressure of the liquid refrigerant 15, the operating level was reduced. When both installations with different temperatures of the upper level are reached, the solenoid condensation vents in the evaporator — the contailer 37 opens and the excess capacitor 7 is adjusted by pumps 11 to the amount of liquid refrigerant according to the pressure corresponding to the temperature pipeline 36 served in an environmental capacitance, and fed after 20 tank parks 38. mixing for the next heating in the warmth. At low levels of liquid in the flow exchangers 5. the linear receiver 14 and in the receiver 32

The production of cold in the second refrigerant is supplied to the latter when the process is carried out similarly to the scheme, by pump 39 through line 42 at the opening for high-temperature 25 closed valves 40 and 41 of the tank of the first enterprise, single-tank park 38. How can you remove the gas from the heat exchanger-re-. When the upper level is reached in the Cooper 16, a booster is carried out in one of the receivers 32, respectively, a compressor.27, the pressure gas from the pressure-closing evaporator solenoid valve 40 to the gas pressure is 30 or 41, and when it reaches the low-temperature consumer the second receiver 32, the pump 39 is turned off by the next removal of the overheating, the remaining open of the softener 28 is closed and its connection to the oil-filled valve on the pipeline of the gas pipe 24.

  The application of the proposed scheme of saving energy from cold using a booster. Refueling the secondary circuit of the compressor can be economically gaseous and free from carbon dioxide with a considerable distance from carbon dioxide from centralized compressor compressor when 40 ° 29.

Prteri in gas pipelines are large, and the proposed method allows not to increase the diameter of the pipeline to supply objects with cold but it is not expedient. cooling during circulation

To create normal refrigerant conditions, but also to perform the operation, it is important to maintain a liquid or gaseous carbon dioxide balance of the refrigerant not only in pillboxes from main pipelines of the common circuit, but also in individual 15, 24 and 25 at production failures, obkhodimosti Selection of liquid carbon dioxide. Maintaining a constant level of liquid is made to produce hard bone in the control vessel 10 carbon dioxide and to ensure rapid baking by returning part of the liquid cooling or freezing the food bone from the discharge pipe of 12 products by the contact method. through a solenoid valve 34 and piping gaseous carbon dioxide gas P | conductor 35. The solenoid valve is opened at enterprises for heating at a lower level to control the use of carbon dioxide as an inert vessel 10, and at the upper level for A series of technological processes are being closed or for fire protection purposes.

With an excess amount of liquid, in order to reduce the capital cost, the control vessel 10 is drained to increase the flexibility of the cold system.

BHlilinH Order 2483/39

Circulation 482 Subscription

Claims (3)

1. METHOD OF CENTRALIZED COOLING OF THE ENTERPRISE BY USING THE REFRIGERATION UNIT by circulating intermediate refrigerant through the main pipelines between the refrigeration unit and the facilities to be cooled, evaporating the intermediate refrigerant in the facilities and condensing its vapor in the refrigeration unit, characterized in that, in order to reduce operating costs for the production of cold, increase the pressure of the intermediate refrigerant after condensation in the refrigeration unit to a pressure corresponding to its saturation pressure at ambient temperature, and before being fed to the objects, it is subsequently heated to this temperature first with its vapor supplied for condensation, and then with the liquid refrigerant of the refrigeration unit, and the vapor of the intermediate refrigerant after its evaporation in the objects is heated by regenerative heat exchange with a liquid intermediate refrigerant supplied to objects, which are throttled to a predetermined evaporation pressure before being fed to the latter. 2. The method of pop. 1, characterized in that, in order to expand the functionality, VG * use carbon dioxide as an intermediate refrigerant If, which L · is taken for production needs from the main pipelines, and it is replenished with gaseous carbon dioxide _{at a} flow rate. 3. The method of pop. 1, characterized in that the vapor of the intermediate refrigerant before supplying them to condensation is additionally compressed with cooling to ambient temperature.