SI9200086A - Fuel mixture, process for its production and its use - Google Patents

Fuel mixture, process for its production and its use Download PDF

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Publication number
SI9200086A
SI9200086A SI19929200086A SI9200086A SI9200086A SI 9200086 A SI9200086 A SI 9200086A SI 19929200086 A SI19929200086 A SI 19929200086A SI 9200086 A SI9200086 A SI 9200086A SI 9200086 A SI9200086 A SI 9200086A
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oil
fuel mixture
fuel
mixture according
gasoline
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SI19929200086A
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Hans Schur
Hans Peter Schur
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Atec Ag
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/02—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on components consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen only
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P30/00—Technologies relating to oil refining and petrochemical industry
    • Y02P30/20—Technologies relating to oil refining and petrochemical industry using bio-feedstock

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Liquid Carbonaceous Fuels (AREA)
  • Solid Fuels And Fuel-Associated Substances (AREA)
  • Fats And Perfumes (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
  • Preparation Of Compounds By Using Micro-Organisms (AREA)

Abstract

The invention concerns a fuel mixture containing at least one vegetable and/or animal oil, at least one aliphatic alcohol with 1-5 C-atoms and petrol, and which can be produced by mixing these components together. This fuel mixture is suitable for use in any kind of diesel engine without the need to undertake any conversion work, as well as being usable as heating oil.

Description

Gorivna mešanica, postopek za njeno izdelavo in njena uporabaThe fuel mixture, the process for its manufacture and its use

Izum se nanaša na gorivno mešanico, na postopek za njeno izdelavo in na uporabo te gorivne mešanice za dizelske motoije in kot kurilno olje.The invention relates to a fuel mixture, to a process for its manufacture, and to the use of this fuel mixture for diesel motors and as fuel oil.

Običajno tekoča goriva za motoije z notranjim izgorevanjem obstoje iz zmesi ogljikovodikov in jih v glavnem dobijo iz mineralnega olja. Zaradi omejenih virov surove nafte in razvoja cen surove nafte obstaja potreba po gorivih, kjer so bencinski ogljikovodiki vsaj delno nadomeščeni s surovimi materiali, ki se obnavljajo, kot z maščobnimi olji živalskega ali rastlinskega izvora. Zaradi drastičnega zmanjšanja deleža biološko nerazgradljivih ogljikovodikov se znatno zmanjša nevarnost onesnaževanja okolja, povezana z možnim uhajanjem goriv.Typically, liquid fuels for internal combustion motoes exist from a mixture of hydrocarbons and are mainly obtained from mineral oil. Given the limited resources of crude oil and the development of crude oil prices, there is a need for fuels where gasoline hydrocarbons are at least partially replaced by crude recoverable materials, such as animal or vegetable fats. The drastic reduction in the proportion of biodegradable hydrocarbons significantly reduces the risk of environmental pollution associated with possible fuel leakage.

Kot je prikazano v GB-PS 136 452, so že poskušali od začetka tega stoletja, da bi nadomestili ogljikovodike v gorivih z alkoholi, z maščobnimi kislinami, dobljenimi iz rastlinskih olj, ki služijo kot posredniki mešanja.As shown in GB-PS 136 452, attempts have been made since the beginning of this century to replace hydrocarbons in fuels with alcohols with fatty acids derived from vegetable oils that serve as intermediaries of blending.

Gorivne mešanice za motorje z notranjim izgorevanjem s karburatorjem so opisane v DE-OS 24 41 737, obstoje pa iz ogljikovodične zmesi (navadni bencin ali superbencin) in zmesi alkohola z 1 do 4 atomi ogljika in vode ter v danem primeru 0,1 do 2 mas. % rastlinskega olja, ki tudi služi kot posrednik mešanja.Fuel mixtures for carburetor internal combustion engines are described in DE-OS 24 41 737, but are made up of a hydrocarbon mixture (conventional gasoline or super gasoline) and an alcohol mixture of 1 to 4 carbon and water atoms and, if applicable, 0.1 to 2 wt. % vegetable oil, which also serves as a mixing agent.

V DE-PS 31 49 170 in 31,50 988 so opisana dizelska goriva, v katerih je do 90 % ogljikovodikov nadomeščenih z ilkilestri maščobnih kislin rastlinskih olj in ki tudi vsebujejo alkohole z do 5 atomi ogljika. Vendar je tukaj bistveno, da popolnoma pretvorijo olja, dobljena iz rastlin4, v alkilestre maščobnih kislin, zlasti metilestre maščobnih kislin, kar pomenfpo' eni strani velik strošek, po drugi strani pa veliko količino glicerina, ki gaje težko izrabiti. Ogljikovodična mešanica iz DE-PS 3149 170 je klasično plinsko olje, t.j. petrolejska frakcija. Mešanice dizelskega goriva iz DE-PS 3150 988 lahko v danem primeru vsebujejo 0,1 do 5 mas. % pospeševalca vžiga.DE-PS 31 49 170 and 31.50 988 describe diesel fuels in which up to 90% of hydrocarbons are replaced by the vegetable fatty acid ilkylesters and which also contain alcohols with up to 5 carbon atoms. However, it is essential here that they completely convert vegetable oils4 into fatty acid alkyl esters, in particular fatty acid methyl esters, which, on the one hand, is a major expense and, on the other hand, a large amount of glycerin that is difficult to use. The hydrocarbon mixture of DE-PS 3149 170 is a classic gas oil, i.e. the petroleum fraction. Diesel fuel mixtures of DE-PS 3150 988 may optionally contain 0.1 to 5% by weight. % of the ignition accelerator.

Ta dizelska goriva, ki jih uporabljajo poljedeljski traktorji, imajo točke zamotnitve, ki niso pod -15°C, zaradi česar jih lahko uporabijo le do zelo omejene stopnje pozimi.These diesel fuels used by agricultural tractors have point-blanking points that are not below -15 ° C, which is why they can only be used to a very limited degree in winter.

Poskušali so že tudi uporabljati ne-preestrena rastlinska olja, kot repična olja, kot goriva pri motorjih z notranjim izgorevanjem.They also tried to use non-esterified vegetable oils, such as rapeseed oils, as fuels for internal combustion engines.

V US-PS 4359324 je opisano dizelsko gorivo, ki obstoji iz 25 do 75 % butilalkohola in 75 do 25 % rastlinskega olja. V US-PS 4557734 je opisano dizelsko gorivo, ki obstoji iz rastlinskega olja, metanola ali etanola in ravnega oktanola. V US-PS 4509953 je opisano dizelsko gorivo, ki obstoji iz 70 do 90 vol.% plinskega olja oz. težkega olja, 10 do 30 vol. % etanola in do 30 vol.% lahkega bencina.US-PS 4359324 describes diesel fuel consisting of 25 to 75% butyl alcohol and 75 to 25% vegetable oil. US-PS 4557734 describes diesel fuel consisting of vegetable oil, methanol or ethanol and flat octanol. US-PS 4509953 describes diesel fuel consisting of 70 to 90% vol. heavy oil, 10 to 30 vol. % ethanol and up to 30% vol. light gasoline.

##

Vendar uporaba teh goriv vedno zahteva obširne modifikacijske ukrepe z ozirom na motorje na tako gorivo. Ti testi so potrdili splošen predsodek,· da je nemogoče imeti v pogonu motorje, namenjene za obratovanje z mineralnimi gorivi, z gorivi z visokim deležem maščobnih olj brez modifikacijskih ukrepov. 2However, the use of these fuels always requires extensive modification measures with regard to the engines of such fuel. These tests confirmed the general premise that it is impossible to operate mineral-fueled engines with high fat oils without modification measures. 2

Predmet predloženega izuma je, da zagotovimo gorivno mešanico, v kateri lahko maščobna olja uporabimo kot surove materiale, ki se obnavljajo, ki ima izboljšano točko zamotnitve, je pretežno biološko razgradljiva in jo lahko uporabimo v vseh tipih dizelskih motorjev brez modifikacijskih ukrepov. Nadalje mora biti vsaj ekvivalentna mineralnim dizelskim gorivom, kar se tiče obnašanja pri delovanju, in naj bi se z njo izognili pojavom obrabe.It is an object of the present invention to provide a fuel mixture in which fatty oils can be used as crude recoverable materials, which has an improved vapor deposition, is predominantly biodegradable and can be used in all types of diesel engines without modification measures. Furthermore, it should be at least equivalent to mineral diesel in terms of performance and should avoid wear and tear.

V smislu predloženega izuma dosežemo ta smoter z gorivno mešanico, ki vsebujeAccording to the present invention, this combustion blend is achieved by containing

a) vsaj eno rastlinsko in/ali živalsko oljea) at least one vegetable and / or animal oil

b) vsaj en alifatski alkohol z 1 do 5 atomi ogljika in » ,b) at least one aliphatic alcohol of 1 to 5 carbon atoms and ",

c) bencin.c) gasoline.

Nadalje gre tudi za postopek za pripravo te gorivne mešanice, ki je označen s tem, da pomešamo vsaj eno rastinsko in/ali živalsko olje, vsaj en alifatski alkohol z 1 do 5 atomi ogljika in bencin.It is further a process for preparing this fuel mixture, characterized in that at least one vegetable and / or animal oil, at least one aliphatic alcohol of 1 to 5 carbon atoms and gasoline is mixed.

To gorivno mešanico prednostno uporabimo kot gorivo za dizelske motorje ali kot kurilno olje.This fuel mixture is preferably used as diesel fuel or as fuel oil.

Primeri rastlinskih in/ali živalskih olj, uporabljenih kot komponenta a) v gorivni mešanici v smislu izuma, so repično olje, sojino olje, bombaževo olje, sončnično olje, ricinovo olje, olivno olje, arašidno olje, koruzno olje, mandljevo olje, olje palmovih jederc, kokosovo olje, gorčično olje in ribja olja. Repično olje, ki je zmes maščobnih kislin, delno zaestrenih z glicerinom, prednostno uporabimo kot komponento a), ker je dostopno v velikih količinah in ga lahko dobimo na enostaven način iz semen repice s stiskanjem. Uporabljeno repično olje lahko zamešamo v gorivno mešanico v smislu izuma tako surovo stiskano kot tudi z odstranjenimi smolami ter kot rafinat. Pretvorba v alkilestre, kot se to zahteva v DE-PS 3149 170 in 31 50 988, ni potrebna. Zaradi izpustitve te procesne stopnje postane mogoče, da tržimo dizelska goriva, ki so biološko razgradljiva v velikem obsegu, direktno iz agrikulturne proizvodnje, ne da bi imeli nadaljnje energijske stroške in odpadne materiale, kot glicerin. Masni delež komponente a) v gorivni mešanici v smislu izuma je ugodno 60 do 88 vol.%; je prednostno med 65 in 85 vol.% in zlasti prednostno med 70 in 80 vol.%.Examples of vegetable and / or animal oils used as component a) in the fuel mixture of the invention are rapeseed oil, soybean oil, cottonseed oil, sunflower oil, castor oil, olive oil, peanut oil, corn oil, almond oil, palm oil kernel, coconut oil, mustard oil and fish oils. Rapeseed oil, which is a mixture of fatty acids partially esterified with glycerin, is preferably used as component a) because it is available in large quantities and can be easily obtained from rapeseed by pressing. The rapeseed oil used can be mixed into the fuel mixture of the invention, both crude pressed and resins removed, and as raffinate. Conversion to alkyl esters as required by DE-PS 3149 170 and 31 50 988 is not required. Due to the omission of this process step, it becomes possible to market large-scale biodegradable diesel directly from agricultural production without incurring further energy costs and waste materials such as glycerin. The weight fraction of component a) in the fuel mixture of the invention is preferably 60 to 88% by volume; is preferably between 65 and 85% by volume and especially preferably between 70 and 80% by volume.

Kot komponento b) lahko uporabimo tako ravne kot tudi nzvejene alkohole z 1 do 5 atomi ogljika v gorivni mešanici v smislu izuma. ?rednostno uporabimo monoalkohole, kot metanol, etanol, propanol, butanoL pentanol, izopropanol, izobutanol, terc.butanol, 1-metilbutanol, 2-metilbutanol, Smetilbutanol, 1,1-dimetilpropanol in 2,2-dimetilpropanol, pri čemer je posebno premosten izopropanol.As component b), straight and unbound alcohols of 1 to 5 carbon atoms in the fuel mixture of the invention can be used. mono-alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanoL pentanol, isopropanol, isobutanol, tert-butanol, 1-methylbutanol, 2-methylbutanol, Smutylbutanol, 1,1-dimethylpropanol and 2,2-dimethylpropanol are used regularly, with particular bridging isopropanol.

Uporabimo lahko tudi etanol, ki ga lahko, kot uporabiena olja, proizvedemo v agrikulturni proizvodnji. Masni delež komponente b) v rorivni mešanici v smislu izuma je prednostno 6 do 20 vol.%; zlasti je med 10 in 15 vri.%.Ethanol can also be used, which, as used oils, can be produced in agricultural production. The weight fraction of component b) in the trowel mixture of the invention is preferably 6 to 20% by volume; in particular, it is between 10 and 15% by weight.

v tin t

Kot bencinsko konponento c) v gorivni mešanici v smisle izuma lahko uporabimo katerikoli fakultativni bencin, npr. navadni bencin ali stperbencin; vendar prednostno uporabimo testni bencin. Testni bencin je oznake za rafinirane bencine z vreliščem 130 do 220°C in plameniščem, določenim po Ahri-Pensky > 21°C (prim. DIN 51 632, nov. 1981, tekst feb. 1986). Testni bencin, urorabljen v smislu izuma, ima lahko npr. oktansko število 120 do 140. Masni delež bencinske komponente c) je prednostno 6 do 20 vol.%; zlasti je med 10 in 15 vol.%.As a petrol component c) any optional gasoline, e.g. plain gasoline or stperbenzene; however, test gas is preferred. Test gasoline is a designation for refined gasoline with a boiling point of 130 to 220 ° C and a flash point determined according to Ahri-Pensky> 21 ° C (cf. DIN 51 632, Nov 1981, text Feb 1986). Test gasoline consumed by the invention may e.g. octane number 120 to 140. The weight fraction of the gas component c) is preferably 6 to 20% by volume; in particular, it is between 10 and 15% by volume.

Gorivni mešanici v smislu izuma lahko dodamo tudi običajre dodatke. Kot zagonsko pomoč za obratovanje dizelskih motorjev pozimi prednosno dodamo do 1 vol.% dietiletra.Customary additives may also be added to the fuel mixture of the invention. Preferably, up to 1% by weight of diethyl ether is added as a starting aid for the operation of diesel engines.

Gorivno mešanico v smislu izuma, ki jo proizvedemo z mešanjem komponent a), b) in c), lahko uporabimo v vseh dizelskih motorjih, ne da bi bila potrebna posebna ponovna prilagoditev na novo gorivo. Torej lahko gorivna mešanica v smislu izuma služi npr. za obratovanje dizelskih motorjev v avtomobilih, tovornjakih, agrikulturnih in gozdarskih strojih, rezervnih enotah, črpalkah in ladjih. Ti stroji lahko delajo izmenjajoče z gorivno mešanico v smislu izuma in na običajna mineralna dizelska goriva, pri čemer dosežemo visoko mobilnost zlasti za avtomobile in tovornjake.The fuel mixture of the invention produced by mixing components a), b) and c) can be used in all diesel engines without the need for special readjustment to new fuel. Thus, the fuel mixture of the invention may serve e.g. for the operation of diesel engines in cars, trucks, agricultural and forestry machinery, spare units, pumps and ships. These machines can work interchangeably with the fuel mixture of the invention and on conventional mineral diesel fuels, achieving high mobility especially for cars and trucks.

Alkoholi, uporabljeni kot komponenta b) v gorivni mešaaici v smislu izuma, zlasti izopropanol, služijo kot sredstva proti karboniziranju bamih obročkov in sedežev ventilov. Bencin, dodan kot aditiv, vodi do zbristrenja zmesi in vodi do izboljšanega obnašanja pri vžigu gorivne mešanice, pri čemer dosežemo najboljše rezultate s testnim bencinom. Dobro obnašanje pri vžigu goriv pomeni ugodno zagonsko obnašanje in gladek tek dizelskega motorja zaradi kratkega pripravljalnega časa mešanice ali kratkega odloga vžiga; v primeru dolgega odloga vžiga se sliši znani dizelski udarec.The alcohols used as component b) in the fuel mixer of the invention, in particular isopropanol, serve as anti-carbonizing agents for the bam rings and valve seats. Petrol added as an additive leads to clarification of the mixture and leads to improved ignition behavior of the fuel mixture, achieving best results with test gasoline. Good ignition behavior means favorable starting behavior and smooth running of the diesel engine due to the short blend preparation time or short ignition delay; in the case of a long delay of ignition, a familiar diesel crash is heard.

Če izvajamo teste izpušnih plinov za gorivno mešanico v smislu izuma, uporabljeno v dizelskih motorjih, so vredposti, dobljene tako za ogljikovodike in dušikove okside kot tudi za ogljikov monoksid, daleč pod vrednostmi, ki se zahtevajo po trenutno veljavnem evropskem standardu za dizelske izpušne pline. Delež žveplovega dioksida v izpušnih plinih postane zanemarljivo majhen v primerjavi z običajnimi vrednostmi 0,15 % v primeru običajnih mineralnih dizelskih goriv, ker so uporabljene komponente praktično brez žvepla.When performing the exhaust gas tests for the fuel mixture of the invention used in diesel engines, the values obtained for both hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides as well as carbon monoxide are far below the values required by the current European diesel exhaust standard. The sulfur dioxide content of the exhaust gases becomes negligible compared to the normal values of 0.15% in the case of conventional mineral diesel fuels because the components used are practically sulfur-free.

Gorivno mešanico v smislu izuma lahko tudi uporabimo pri nizkih temperaturah brez kakršnihkoli problemov, kot nastopijo pozimi in v dvignjenih področjih, ker njena točka zatemnitve doseže vrednosti do -28°C in mešanica se tudi ne flokulira pri nižjih temperaturah. To vodi do bistveno širše uporabnosti v primeijavi z znanimi dizelskimi gorivi na osnovi rastlinskih in živalskih maščob.The fuel mixture of the invention can also be used at low temperatures without any problems, such as occurring in winter and in raised areas, because its dimming point reaches values of -28 ° C and the mixture does not flocculate at lower temperatures. This leads to a much broader utility compared to known vegetable and animal fat based diesel fuels.

Naslednji primeri in testi pojasnjujejo izum.The following examples and tests explain the invention.

Primeri priprave 1 do 5Preparation Examples 1 to 5

Gorivne mešanice v smislu izuma pripravimo z enostavnim mešanjem naslednjih sestavin:The fuel mixtures according to the invention are prepared by simply mixing the following ingredients:

1) 1) ricinovo olje etanol navadni bencin castor oil ethanol ordinary gasoline , vol. ! 80 10 10 * ., vol. ! 80 10 10 *. 2) 2) repično olje rapeseed oil • 75 • 75 izopropanol isopropanol 12,5 12.5 testni bencin test gasoline 12,5 12.5 3) 3) sončnično olje sunflower oil 73 73 izopropanol isopropanol 13,5 13.5 testni bencin test gasoline 13,5 13.5 4) 4) repično olje rapeseed oil 76 76 izopropanol isopropanol 11 11 testni bencin test gasoline 13 13 5) 5) repično olje rapeseed oil 74 74 izopropanol isopropanol 12 12 testni bencin test gasoline 12 12 metanol methanol 2 2

Testi v dizelskem motorjuTests in a diesel engine

Gorivne mešanice v smislu izuma smo testirali v dizelskih motorjih različne konstrukcije med normalnim delovanjem. Gre za vozila iz redne proizvodnje, ki jim nismo modificirali konstrukcije. Prestavitev bata testiranih motorjev je med 1,6 1 in 3,01. V vozilih uporabimo vsa goriva, omenjena v primerih 1) do 5).The fuel mixtures of the invention were tested in diesel engines of different construction during normal operation. These are vehicles from regular production that have not been modified. The piston displacement of the tested engines is between 1.6 1 and 3.01. All vehicles mentioned in Examples 1) to 5) are used in vehicles.

Rezultati teh testov ne pokažejo funkcionalne motnje. Preiskave vrednosti izpušnih plinov avtomobila 300 D-turbo po voznem ciklisu ECE 15.04 kažejo, da so emisijske vrednosti pod mejnimi vrednostmi evropskega standarda za vozila te konstrukcije.The results of these tests show no functional impairment. Investigations into the exhaust gases of a 300 D-turbo car after the ECE 15.04 driving cycle show that the emission values are below the European standard limits for vehicles of this design.

Tabela 1 kaže vrednosti izpušnih plinov, določenih za gorivno mešanico v smislu izuma po primeru 2 (testni rezultati v voznem ciklusu).Table 1 shows the exhaust gas values determined for the fuel mixture of the invention of Example 2 (test results in the driving cycle).

Tabela 1Table 1

Merilne vrednosti [g/test] Measurement values [g / test] Mejna vrednost [g/test] (ECE 15.04) Limit value [g / test] (ECE 15.04) za gorivno mešanico 2 v smislu izuma for fuel mixture 2 according to the invention tipiziranje typing vrsta kind CO 7,12 CO 7.12 30,00 30,00 36,00 36.00 HCFID 1,51 HCFID 1.51 - - - - ΝΟχ 3,463,4 χ 3.46 - - - - HC + ΝΟχ 4,96HC + ΝΟ χ 4.96 8,00 8,00 10,00 10,00 delci 1,266 particles 1,266 1,10 1.10 1,30 Za ATEC AG: PATENTNA PISARNA LJUBLJANA 1,30 For ATEC AG: PATENT LIST OF LJUBLJANA

Claims (13)

PATENTNI ZAHTEVKIPATENT APPLICATIONS 1. Gorivna mešanica, ki vsebuje1. A fuel mixture containing a) vsaj eno rastlinsko in/ali živalsko oljea) at least one vegetable and / or animal oil b) vsaj en alifatski alkohol ? 1 do 5 atomi ogljika inb) at least one aliphatic alcohol? 1 to 5 carbon atoms and c) bencin. ! c) gasoline. ! 2. Gorivna mešanica po zahtevku 1, označena s tem; da vsebuje komponento a) v količini 60 do 88 vol.%. * '2. The fuel mixture of claim 1; that it contains component a) in an amount of 60 to 88% vol. * ' 3. Gorivna mešanica po zahtevku 1 ali 2, označena s tem, da vsebuje komponento b) v količini 6 do 20 vol.%.Fuel mixture according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that it contains component b) in an amount of 6 to 20% by volume. 4. Gorivna mešanica po kateremkoli od zahtevkov 1 do 3, označena s tem, da vsebuje komponento c) v količini 6 do 20 vol.%.Fuel mixture according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that it contains component c) in an amount of 6 to 20% by volume. 5. Gorivna mešanica po kateremkoli od zahtevkov 1 do 4, označena s tem, da komponento a) izberemo izmed repičnega olja, sojinega olja, bombaževega olja, sončničnega olja, ricinovega olja, olivnega olja, koruznega olja, mandljevega olja, olja palmovih jedrc, kokosovega olja, gorčičnega olja ali arašidovega olja.Fuel mixture according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that component a) is selected from rapeseed oil, soybean oil, cottonseed oil, sunflower oil, castor oil, olive oil, corn oil, almond oil, palm kernel oil, coconut oil, mustard oil or peanut oil. 6. Gorivna mešanica po kateremkoli od zahtevkov 1 do 5, označena s tem, da je komponenta a) repično olje.Fuel mixture according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that component a) is rapeseed oil. 7. Gorivna mešanica po zahtevku 6, označena s tem, da je repično olje surovo stisnjeno in so iz njega odstranjene smole.Fuel mixture according to claim 6, characterized in that the rapeseed oil is crude compressed and resins are removed from it. 8. Gorivna mešanica po zahtevku 6, označena s tem, da je repično olje rafinat.The fuel mixture of claim 6, wherein the rapeseed oil is a raffinate. 9. Gorivna mešanica po kateremkoli od zahtevkov 1 do 8, označena s tem, da je komponenta b) raven ali razvejen monoalkohol.A fuel mixture according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that component b) is a straight or branched monoalcohol. 10. Gorivna mešanica po zahtevku 9, označena s tem, da je komponenta b) izopropanol.Fuel mixture according to claim 9, characterized in that component b) is isopropanol. 11. Gorivna mešanica po kateremkoli od zahtevkov 1 do 10, označena s tem, da je bencin testni bencin.Fuel mixture according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the gasoline is test gasoline. 12. Postopek za pripravo gorivne mešanice po kateremkoli od zahtevkov 1 do 11, označen s tem, da pomešamo vsaj eno rastlinsko in/ali živalsko olje, vsaj en alifatski alkohol z 1 do 5 atomi ogljika in bencin.Process for the preparation of a fuel mixture according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that at least one vegetable and / or animal oil, at least one aliphatic alcohol of 1 to 5 carbon atoms and gasoline are mixed. 13. Uporaba gorivne mešanice po kateremkoli od zahfevkov 1 do 11 kot gorivo za dizelske motoije ali kot kurilno olje.13. The use of the fuel mixture according to any one of claims 1 to 11 as fuel for diesel engines or as fuel oil. ZaFor ATECAG:ATECAG: MUNIHA PUAftlAMUNIHA PUAftlA Ljubljana «Ljubljana " 22067-VI-92-KA22067-VI-92-KA POVZETEKSUMMARY Gorivna mešanica, postopek za njeno izdelavo in njena uporabaThe fuel mixture, the process for its manufacture and its use Izum se nanaša na gorivno mešanico, ki vsebuje vsaj eno rastlinsko in/ali živalsko olje, vsaj en alifatski alkohol z 1 do 5 atomi ogljika in bencin ter jo lahko pripravimo z mešanjem teh komponent. Ta'gorivna mešanica je primerna za vse tipe dizelskih motorjev brez modifikacijskih ukrepov in jo lahko uporabimo tudi kot kurilno olje.The invention relates to a fuel mixture containing at least one vegetable and / or animal oil, at least one aliphatic alcohol of 1 to 5 carbon atoms and gasoline, and can be prepared by mixing these components. Ta'fuel blend is suitable for all types of diesel engines without modification measures and can also be used as fuel oil.
SI19929200086A 1991-05-23 1992-05-22 Fuel mixture, process for its production and its use SI9200086A (en)

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