RU2649052C2 - Method for meteorological training of artillery shooting in mountain conditions - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: weapons and ammunition.

SUBSTANCE: from the electronic computer of the meteorological complex the "Meteodeactivity" bulletin and the value of the height of the meteorological complex position are output, they transmit this information to the fire units, correct the standard heights of the "Meteoactive" bulletin by adding to them the altitude of the position of the meteorological complex, select the values of the direction and from the bulletin "Meteodeactivity" the speeds of the actual wind at those corrected heights that are in the projectile trajectory layer, calculate the average values of the direction and wind speed in a layer in which the trajectory of the projectile passes.

EFFECT: improving the accuracy of meteorological training in mountain conditions due to the use of wind characteristics only at those altitudes that make up the layer of the trajectory of the projectile, increasing the accuracy of firing artillery in mountain conditions at different altitudes of the meteorological complex and firing position.

2 dwg, 2 tbl

Description

The invention relates to methodological means for recording atmospheric characteristics in the interests of providing firing with unguided shells. The objective of the invention is to reduce the error of the meteorological preparation for firing artillery in mountain conditions at various heights of the meteorological complex and firing position.

There is a method of preparing firing of unguided shells from closed firing positions [1], which allows to reduce the errors of meteorological training in range. To this end, it is proposed to use a ballistic station in artillery systems that is capable of detecting a drop in the velocity of a projectile in a trajectory. Knowing the ballistic and aerodynamic characteristics of the projectile, as well as the decrease in its velocity after the first shot, the initial velocity of the projectile departure and the drag coefficient, taking into account the change in the influence of the longitudinal wind and the change in air density, are determined by the least square method. However, the method has a significant drawback, consisting in the need to fire before starting a fire mission. In addition, this method does not allow to determine the crosswind, which leads to significant errors in firing in the direction.

A known method of preparing firing artillery shells from closed firing positions [2], allowing to take into account the meteorological conditions of firing in the absence of means of measuring meteorological conditions. The method consists in the fact that produce two auxiliary shots that differ in direction, and determine the deviation of the gaps from the aiming points. From the deviations obtained, the values of the velocity of the longitudinal and side winds are calculated. Based on the values obtained, using the shooting tables, the shooting settings for all subsequent shots are calculated. However, the method has a significant drawback, consisting in the need to fire before starting a fire mission. When shooting in the mountains (in the event of a fall behind a shell), tears can be unnoticed. In the absence of visibility, these methods are generally not applicable.

A known method (prototype) of carrying out meteorological preparation for firing artillery in the mountains. In accordance with [3, p. 142] mountainous terrain is considered to be an area whose height is 500 m or more above sea level.

The essence of the known method of carrying out meteorological preparation for firing artillery in the highlands is as follows [4, articles 27, 28, 514, 515]. Using the radio-direction-finding meteorological complex RPMK-1 (item 1B44), temperature-wind sounding of the atmosphere is carried out, including the measurement of air temperature, wind direction and speed at ground level and at various heights [5, p. 6-12]. To do this, a balloon-shaped rubber shell filled with light gas is released into the atmosphere, to which a radiosonde is tied. The radiosonde is a transceiver with a temperature sensor. During the flight, the radiosonde measures the air temperature, encodes it and transmits it to the meteorological complex via the radio channel. At the same time, the radar station of the meteorological complex measures the current spherical coordinates of the radiosonde (oblique range, azimuth and elevation).

By joint processing of telemetry and coordinate information, the electronic computing machine (computer) of the meteorological complex calculates and compiles the meteorological bulletin "Meteorological" [6, p. 114-115]. The Meteorological Bulletin is a document that includes average values of deviations of temperature and air density from tabular values, as well as average values of wind direction and speed in the atmosphere from ground to standard heights. Values of standard heights are given in [5, l. 51]. The average wind at a given height is the calculated wind averaged in a layer from the ground to a given height. As tabular values of meteorological parameters accepted values characterizing the average physical state of the atmosphere [3, p. 139-140].

At the same time, the computer of the meteorological complex calculates and compiles the bulletin "Meteorological" [5, p. 70, 71, 74], [10, p. 116, 130-132], which is a document that includes meteorological parameters measured at heights that are midpoints between adjacent standard heights of the Weather Bulletin: deviation of air density from the tabular value (PP); deviation of air temperature from the table value (TT); directional angle of wind direction (AV); wind speed.

The heights that are midway between the adjacent standard heights of the Meteorological bulletin are called the standard heights of the Meteorological bulletin.

The actual wind at a given height is the average wind in the layer between the standard heights of the Weather Bulletin and referred to the standard heights of the Weather Weather Bulletin.

The meteorological bulletin is not used when using the known method.

The news bulletin "Meteorological" by means of communication is brought to the artillery units, where it is corrected by amendments [4, articles 514, 515].

At the same time, the computer of the meteorological complex calculates and compiles the bulletin "Meteorological" [5, p. 74], which is a document including, among other values, the values of the direction and speed of the actual wind.

The actual wind at a given height is the average wind in the layer between standard heights. The value of wind direction and speed refers to the middle of this layer. The meteorological bulletin is not used when using the known method.

The news bulletin "Meteorological" by means of communication is brought to the artillery units, where it is corrected by amendments [4, articles 514, 515].

When amending the weather bulletin, to all standard newsletter heights expressed in meters, (taking into account the sign), the amendment ΔY _st calculated by the formula

where h _m , h _op - the height of the meteorological complex and firing position in meters.

The result is rounded to hundreds of meters.

After that, the bulletin is used to determine wind amendments [7].

The essence of the known method is as follows.

When working in mountainous areas, the heights of the position of the meteorological complex and the firing position, as a rule, do not match. Let the meteorological complex be located at a height of h _m and the firing position at a height of h _op , the projectile trajectory passes in layer II (Δh ₁ ). The speed of the actual wind is characterized by its rectangular components - longitudinal V _x and lateral V _z . The actual wind velocity distribution in the atmosphere and the projectile trajectory are shown in FIG. one.

For simplicity, we consider one of the components - longitudinal V _x . The values of the components of the actual wind speed in the layers Ι, ΙΙ, ΙΙΙ are V _x1 , V _x2 , V _x3 , respectively (Fig. 1). To carry out meteorological preparation for firing, it is necessary to determine the average wind in the layer of the projectile trajectory, which is numerically equal to the actual wind in layer II, using the Weather Bulletin;

Due to the fact that the meteorological complex is located below the firing position by an excess of Δh, the wind in the Δh layer, in which the projectile trajectory does not pass, will be taken into account when calculating the average wind, which will lead to errors in the weather preparation. Therefore, the lower layer Δh must be excluded from processing. For this, an assumption is made about the linear distribution of wind speed with height. Based on this assumption, a layer of thickness Δh (layer III) is added to layer II. After that, the average wind is determined in the projectile trajectory layer increased by twice the excess Δh (i.e., in the total layer Ι, ΙΙ, ΙΙΙ) and the calculated average wind is considered equal to the wind in the projectile trajectory layer (in layer II). This operation of adding doubled excess Δh is performed by correcting the standard ballot heights by ΔY _Art .

The known method has the disadvantage that when calculating the wind characteristics, artificial layers of the atmosphere are added above and below the layer in which the projectile trajectory passes. In this case, an assumption is made about the linear distribution of wind speed with height. In fact, the wind speed function never changes linearly with height. Therefore, the artificial addition of a new layer (in which the projectile trajectory does not pass) to the projectile flight layer leads to errors in determining the average wind speed.

According to the known method, the average wind in the total layer I, II, III is determined as the weighted average of the values of the actual wind in the layers

wherein _{V x1, V x1, V x1} - the actual components of the wind velocity in the layers I, II, III;

Δh ₁ is the thickness of the first layer;

Δh is the thickness of the second and third layer.

The calculated wind is taken equal to the average wind W _x2 (in layer II).

The error in determining the average wind speed in a known manner due to the nonlinear distribution of wind speed with height is

In the case of a linear wind distribution, the error δW _x is zero. If the wind distribution is nonlinear, then the error δW _{x is} not equal to zero and depends on the ratio of wind speeds in the layers. So, at wind speeds W _x1 = W _x3 = 3 m / s, W _x2 = 10 m / s and equal layer thicknesses (Δh = Δh ₁ ), the error δW _x is -4.6 m / s. Such an error in the meteorological preparation for firing artillery is significant.

The objective of the invention is to reduce the error of the meteorological preparation for firing artillery in mountain conditions at different heights of the meteorological complex and firing position. Reducing the error of the meteorological preparation can be achieved due to the fact that, in contrast to the known method using wind characteristics in the added layers of the atmosphere, the new method uses wind characteristics only at heights that make up the layer of the projectile trajectory.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that when using the method of carrying out meteorological preparation for firing artillery in mountainous conditions, including temperature-wind sounding of the atmosphere using the radio-direction-finding meteorological complex RPMK-1 (ed. 1B44), calculation and compilation of the meteorological complex meteorological bulletin of the Meteorological, additionally the meteorological bulletin and the value of the height of the position of the meteorological complex are removed from the computer of the meteocomplex, transmit it to the firing units with using data transmission equipment [5, l. 112-115], at the same time, using the indicated equipment, they transmit the value of the position height of the meteorological complex, receive the "Weather Report" bulletin and the value of the position height of the weather complex using similar equipment and enter them into the computer located in each fire unit, correct the standard heights of the bulletin " Meteorological "by adding to the standard heights the value of the height of the position of the meteorological complex, select values of directions (AV _i ) and speeds (V _i ) from of actual wind at corrected heights in which the projectile trajectory will pass, average values of the wind direction and speed in the layer in which the projectile trajectory will be calculated

where AW, W is the direction and speed of the average wind in the layer in which the projectile trajectory passes;

ΔН is the thickness of the layer in which the projectile trajectory will pass;

i is the sequence number of the private layer;

N is the number of private layers;

ΔV _i , V _i - the direction and speed of the actual wind at corrected heights in which the projectile trajectory will pass;

Δh _i is the thickness of the ith private layer (layer thickness between standard heights).

The obtained average values of wind direction and speed are used in firing units to determine wind corrections [7].

In expressions (4), (5), the sum value must be divided by the total layer thickness, and not by the number of layers, since the layer thicknesses can be different.

The described method is illustrated by the following figures.

In FIG. 1 shows the distribution of the actual wind speed in the atmosphere and the projectile trajectory.

In FIG. 2 shows a graph of the distribution of the longitudinal component of the wind speed V _x in height.

A comparison of the known and proposed methods can be carried out on the example of real sounding of the atmosphere, conducted in Yerevan on December 8, 2014 at 0 hours. The height of the weather station above sea level is 1113 m [8]. The geographical position of weather station No. 37789 corresponds to mountain conditions (altitude above sea level exceeds 500 m).

The values of speed (V) and wind direction (AV) at altitudes were converted into values of the longitudinal (V _x ) component of the wind according to the formula

The values of wind speed and direction at heights, as well as the values of the longitudinal and lateral components of the wind are given in table. one.

The distribution graph of the longitudinal component of the wind speed V _x in height is shown in FIG. 2.

The average values of V _x in the layers between adjacent heights, calculated as the arithmetic mean of the longitudinal wind speeds at neighboring heights, are given in table. 2. Suppose that the firing position is located at an altitude of 2000 m, the height of the projectile trajectory is 400 m, the position of the meteorological complex is located at an altitude of 1113 m.

The layer in which the longitudinal component of the middle wind is determined according to the known method is composed of the layer in which the projectile trajectory passes and the meteorological complex doubles above the firing position. The thickness of the projectile trajectory layer is 400 m. The doubled excess of the meteorological complex over the firing position is 2⋅ (2000-1113) ≈1800 m (rounding to hundreds of meters). Thus, the layer thickness is 2200 m (rounding to hundreds of meters). That is, the boundaries of the layer according to the known method are 1113-3300 m. The wind defined in this layer, according to the known method, is equal to the wind in the layer of the projectile trajectory.

The longitudinal component of the average wind in the layer 1113-3300 m (W _{x 1113-3300} ) is defined as the weighted average of the wind components in adjacent layers

where ΔН is the thickness of the layer in which the wind is determined;

V _xi is the longitudinal component of the wind in the private layer;

i is the number of the private layer;

Δh _i is the thickness of the ith private layer (layer thickness between adjacent heights).

Thus, according to the known method, the longitudinal component of the average wind in the projectile trajectory layer (2000-2400) is equal to the longitudinal component of the average wind in the layer 1113-3300 m and is -3.3 m / s.

In fact, the layer in which the projectile trajectory has boundaries of 2000-2400. Therefore, the longitudinal component of the mean wind velocity in the layer of the projectile trajectory (2000-2400 m) is

Thus, the measurement error of the longitudinal component of the average wind in a known manner is δW _x = W _x . _1113-3300 -W _x . _2000-2400 = 4.9 m / s.

For the 2C9 gun [7], when firing at full charge at a path height of 400 m and a firing range of 5100 m, an error in measuring the longitudinal component of the average wind of 4.9 m / s leads to an error in range of 73 m.

According to [9, tab. 17] the median error of the full preparation for the guns is 0.7-0.9% of the firing range. In the considered example, for a firing range of 5100 m, the permissible firing error is 5100⋅0.9% = 45.9 m. Using the known method, the error in firing range is 73 m, which exceeds the permissible error value.

When using the new method, the wind is determined only in the layer of the projectile path without taking into account the auxiliary layers, which eliminates errors caused by the influence of wind in the auxiliary layers. Thus, the application of the new method will significantly increase the accuracy of meteorological preparation for firing artillery in mountain conditions.

Information sources

1. RF patent No. 2236665. A method of firing unguided shells from closed firing positions. Shipunov A.G. et al. Published on September 20, 2004

2. RF patent No. 2453790. A method of firing artillery shells from closed firing positions. Babichev V.I. et al. Published on June 20, 2012.

3. The course of artillery. Book 3. External ballistics. Meteorology in artillery. Complete preparation of data for shooting. Edited by A. Blinov Military publishing house. - M .: 1948.288 s.

4. Division, battery, platoon, gun. (PSiUO-96). Part 1. - M .: Military Publishing. 1996. 242 p.

5. Product 1B44. Technical description. Part 1. BE1 400 063 TO. 2006 g., 216 liters.

6. Konovalov A.A., Nikolaev Yu.V. External ballistics. Ed. Konovalova A.A. Central Research Institute of Information. 1979. 228 p.

7. Temporary firing tables for lowland and mountainous conditions of a 120-mm 2S9 self-propelled artillery gun. Second edition, stereotyped. - M :. Military Publishing. 1989.368 s.

8. Internet resource https://www.weather.uwyo.edu/cgi-bin/sounding?region=mideast&TYPE=TEXT%3ALIST&YEAR=2014&MONTO=12&FROM=0800&TO=2812&STNM=37789. Atmospheric sounding database.

9. A manual on the study of the rules of shooting and fire control of artillery (division, battery, platoon, gun). Part 1. –M .: Military Publishing. 1985. 360 s

10. Product 1B77. Manual. Part 1. UVDK.462419.003 RE. 209 l

Claims (2)

A method for carrying out meteorological preparation for firing artillery in mountainous conditions, including temperature-wind sounding of the atmosphere using a meteorological complex, calculation and compilation of the meteorological bulletin "Meteorological", characterized in that the meteorological bulletin and the meteorological station’s position height value are transferred from the electronic computing machine of the meteorological complex, they transmit this information to the fire departments, where the standard heights of the meteorological bulletin are corrected by adding the meteorological station’s position height values, they are selected from the meteorological bulletin the values of the direction and speed of the actual wind at those corrected heights that are in the layer of the projectile trajectory calculate the average values the direction and velocity of the wind in the layer in which the projectile trajectory passes.

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