RU2468936C2 - Automotive controlled drive axle - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: transport.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to wheeled vehicle drive controlled axles. Proposed axle comprises housing 1 with wheel planetary reduction gear box housings 4 attached thereto via hoses 2 and turn axles 3, aligned drive motors 5 and multidisc clutch brakes 6. Drive motor rotors are engaged with pinions 14 of reduction gearbox first planetary stages engaged via plane pinions 15 and carriers 18 with sun gears 9 of second stages engaged via plane pinions 11, carriers 10 and crown gears 12 with wheels. Multidisc clutches 6 are arranged between planetary stages and furnished with friction discs 22 and pressure discs 23 to displace axially driven by control mechanisms. Drive motors 5 are arranged in axle housing 1. First planetary stages and clutches 6 are also arranged in said housing between motors 5 and turn axles 3. Brakes are furnished with second multidisc clutches 24. Control mechanisms are arranged between clutches 6 and 24. Friction discs 22 and pressure discs 23 of clutch 6 are fitted on crown gears 19 arranged on carriers 18 of first planetary stages and in axle housing 1. Friction discs 25 and pressure discs 26 of clutch 24 are mounted on idle discs 27 in axle housing.

EFFECT: higher reliability.

3 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of mechanical engineering, and in particular to the construction of leading steered axles of traction or other vehicles with electric or hydromechanical drives, in particular tractors.

In recent years, power transmission, providing stepless speed control of the traction or vehicle, which can be obtained by various design solutions, in particular, with the help of an electromechanical or hydromechanical traction drive, is becoming increasingly widespread. Such a drive provides a wide range of speed control, increasing productivity, reducing fuel consumption by ensuring the operation of the diesel engine in the most economical mode. In addition, the life of the diesel engine and the running system is increased due to the lack of a rigid connection between the engine and the running system, since the transmission of dynamic loads from the running system to the engine and, conversely, the unevenness of engine torque to the nodes of the running system are excluded.

To achieve the above advantages in the art, in particular, driving steered axles with an electro- or hydromechanical drive or motor wheels are used, which generally comprise traction electric or hydraulic motors that drive wheel propulsors through planetary gears, brake actuating brakes or stops of planetary gear stages, service and parking brakes of various designs. Since the leading steered axles of vehicles with an electro- or hydromechanical drive have similar designs, let us consider the state of the art in this area using examples of the application of electric drive motors.

So, the drive axle with compact nodes of electric drives of wheels containing synchronous motors with high torque and medium speed and planetary gearboxes with friction brakes / 1 / installed on the ring gears is known.

Also known is a wheel drive for a heavy special vehicle, for example, a construction vehicle, containing electric motors and two-stage planetary gearboxes / 2, 3 / installed in the wheel hubs. The sun gear of the first row of each of the planetary gearboxes is connected to the hollow shaft of the corresponding electric motor, and the carrier of the first row is connected to the sun gear of the second row. The sun gear of the second row is engaged through the satellites mounted on the carrier of the second row with the second gear crown gear, made integrally with the first gear crown gear. The carrier of the second row is connected to the wheel hub, and the ring gear of the second row is connected to the motor housing. The second row sun gear is mounted on a shaft passing through the hollow shaft of the electric motor and is connected to braking means including a disc brake and a drum brake used for parking braking. Braking means are placed on the opposite side of the wheel with respect to the planetary gear.

Known driving steering axle of a vehicle with motor wheels mounted on rotary axles, inside each of which an electric motor, planetary gear and disk brake are installed / 4 /. The electric motor comprises a stator including a support sleeve on which a rotor is mounted to rotate. The rotor of the electric motor is kinematically connected with the sun gear of the planetary gear, the crown gear of which is rigidly connected to the stator housing, and the carrier is made in one piece with a shaft mounted for rotation inside the support sleeve, and is rigidly connected to the wheel disk. A brake disc is mounted on the shank of said shaft.

Driving axles with motor wheels are also known, containing drive motors installed in the housing, eccentrically located relative to the axis of the wheels, two-stage planetary gears located in the wheel hubs, the solar wheels of the first planetary stages of which are connected with the shafts of the drive motors, and the carrier with the solar wheels of the second planetary steps leading by means of satellites and driven wheels, and service brakes acting on the wheel hubs / 5-7 /.

Known driving steering axle with the motor wheels of the vehicle, containing an electric motor, planetary gear, the sun gear of which is kinematically connected with the rotor of the electric motor, the gear carrier connected to the satellites is made in one piece with the shaft and is rigidly connected to the wheel hub, and the central outer wheel and the stator of the electric motor are fixed in the crankcase of the motor-wheel, and the disk brake associated with the planetary gearbox / 8 /.

However, in the known bridges, the shafts of the drive motors are directly connected to the wheel gearboxes, which significantly reduces the transmission efficiency and narrows the ranges of speed control.

The closest in essence to the present invention is selected known driving steering axle of the vehicle, comprising a housing, to the opposite ends of which through the rotary axes are attached housings with wheel planetary two-stage gearboxes, drive motors placed in the wheel hubs coaxially mounted on the housing of the wheel gearboxes from the side of the rotary axles planetary gear stages and brakes in the form of multi-plate clutches / 9 /. The rotors of the drive motors are connected to the sun gears of the first planetary gear stages, which are connected by means of satellites and drovers to the sun gears of the second planetary gears connected by means of satellites, carriers and ring gears with wheel hubs. The brake clutches are located between the planetary stages and contain friction disks installed with the possibility of axial movement on the carriers of the first planetary stages, and pressure disks installed with the possibility of axial movement in the wheel hubs under the influence of the piston cylinders.

However, in the known bridge, planetary gear stages and brakes are located in the wheel hubs, which increases the overall dimensions and weight of the wheel gears. In addition, the brakes do not provide reliable control of the planetary gear and vehicle braking, as affect only the carriers of the first planetary stages of gearboxes, perceiving large dynamic loads.

The objective of the present invention is to improve traction and braking performance and ensure the operation of the vehicle in the area of higher efficiency by increasing the reliability of the bridge.

To solve this problem, the driving steering axle of the vehicle, mainly the tractor, contains a housing, to the opposite sides of which are mounted housings with wheel planetary gearboxes, coaxially mounted drive motors and brakes in the form of multi-plate clutches via rotary axes. The rotors of the drive motors are connected to the sun gears of the first planetary stages of the said gearboxes, which are connected by means of satellites and drovers to the sun gears of the second stages connected by means of satellites, drovers and ring gears with wheels. Multi-disc clutches of brakes are placed between the planetary stages and are equipped with friction and pressure disks mounted with the possibility of axial movement respectively on the links of the first planetary stages and in the housings under the influence of power control mechanisms. New in the invention is that the drive motors are housed in the axle housing, the first planetary gear stages and multi-disc brake clutches are also housed in the axle housing between the motors and the rotary axes. The brakes are equipped with second multi-plate clutches containing friction and pressure disks and placed on intermediate disks rigidly mounted on the carriers of the first planetary stages. Power brake control mechanisms are placed between the first and second mentioned clutches and are made in the form of pressure flanges coaxially mounted in the axle housing, mounted for rotation, axial movement and interaction with said clutches, and fixed disks installed between pressure flanges with the possibility of interaction with the latter. Friction and pressure plates of the first coupling are respectively located on the ring gears mounted rotatably on the carriers of the first planetary stages, and in the axle housing. Friction and pressure plates of the second coupling are mounted with the possibility of axial movement, respectively, on the intermediate disks and in the axle housing.

In the particular case of execution in the driving driven axle, on the external surfaces of the fixed disks of the power brake control mechanisms and on the internal surfaces of the pressure flanges facing them along the respective radii, profile holes are made in which spacer balls are placed. Drive motors are made in the form of electric or hydraulic motors.

The technical result of solving this problem using the above set of essential distinguishing features is to improve the tractor traction, ensure the operation of electric motors in the area of higher efficiency and increase fuel efficiency.

Figure 1 shows a General view of the leading controlled bridge of the vehicle, a longitudinal section.

Figure 2 - final drive axle, longitudinal section.

The leading steered bridge (Fig. 1) contains a housing 1, on the sides of which are attached the sleeves 2. On the outer sides of the sleeves 2 through the rotary axes 3 are attached the bodies 4 of the wheel planetary gears. Traction drive motors, for example electric motors 5, are coaxially mounted in the drive axle housing 1, and the first planetary stages, brakes made in the form of multi-plate clutches 6, brake power control mechanisms and dual hinges 7 connected to input shafts of 8 wheel gears are coaxially mounted on the sleeves 2. On the shafts 8, sun gears 9 are made kinematically connected by means of carriers 10, satellites 11 and ring gears 12 with wheel hubs 13, forming second planetary steps.

To minimize dynamic loads, the sun gear 14 of the first planetary stage is made in one piece with the torsion shaft 15 installed in the hollow shaft 16 of the electric motor 5 (figure 2). Gear 14 by means of two-crown satellites 17 mounted on the axis of carrier 18 is connected to the internal gear ring gear 19. The gear 19 by means of a gear clutch 20 and a bearing 21 is mounted on a carrier 18, connected by a spline connection to the shaft of a double hinge 7.

In the grooves of the outer surface of the ring gear 19, the friction discs 22 of the multi-plate brake clutch 6 are mounted axially movable, and its pressure discs 23 are axially moved in the grooves of the inner surface of the sleeve 2 with axial movement. The brake is equipped with a second multi-plate clutch 24 mounted coaxially with the first clutch 6 and containing friction discs 25 and pressure discs 26. Disks 25 of the clutch 24 are mounted with axial movement in the grooves of the outer surface of the intermediate disk 27, connected by a slot first connection with the carrier 18 of the first planetary stage. The disks 26 are mounted with the possibility of axial movement in the grooves of the inner surface of the sleeve 2. The power brake control mechanism is placed between the clutches 6, 24 and is made in the form of pressure flanges 28, 29 and a fixed disk 30 coaxially mounted with the possibility of rotation and axial movement in the sleeve 2 of the bridge mounted between the flanges 28. On the outer surface of the stationary disk 30 and on the inner surfaces of the pressure flanges 28, 29 facing them, profile holes are made in respective radii, in which spacer balls are placed ki 31. Control independent rotation of the pinch flanges 28, 29 is carried out by a mechanical actuator (not shown).

Thus, the brakes of the driving steered axle perform the functions of activating the first planetary stages and the working brakes of the vehicle.

The leading steered bridge, mainly of the tractor, operates as follows.

In the traction mode of tractor movement, the pressure flange 28 is rotated, balls 31, rolling along the profile holes, squeeze the flange 28 from the fixed disk 30. The flange 28 compresses the disks 22, 23 of the first brake clutch 6, which stop the ring gear 19 of the first planetary stage (Fig. 2 ) The torque from the traction motor 5 through the torsion shaft 15 is transmitted to the sun gear 14, satellites 17, the carrier 18 and then through a double hinge 7 and the second planetary stage of the wheel gearbox, hub 13 with the wheel (Fig. 1).

When the tractor moves with the traction motors 5 off (coasting), the brake clutch 6 is turned off, the ring gear 19 rotates freely on the carrier 18, and the rotation from the wheel is not transmitted through planetary steps to the electric motor 5.

To ensure reliable working braking of the tractor, the pressure flange 29 is rotated, the balls 31, rolling along the profile holes, squeeze the flange 29 from the fixed disk 30. The flange 29 compresses the disks 25, 26 of the second brake clutch 24, which stop the intermediate disk 27. Brake torque from the intermediate disk 27 through the carrier 18 is transmitted to the double hinge 7 and then through the second planetary stage of the wheel gear hub 13 with the wheel. If necessary, the second brake clutch 24 can be used for parking braking of the tractor.

Information sources

1. US, No. 3812928 A, cl. US: 180 / 65F, IPC: B60K 7/00, publ. 05/28/1974.

2. DE, No. 2109372 C, IPC: B60K 7/00, publ. 02/26/1976.

3. GB, No. 1347192 A, cl. GB: B7H, IPC: B60K 7/00, publ. 02/20/1974.

4. SU, No. 808340, IPC: B60K 7/00, publ. 02/28/1981.

5. EP, No. 1192058 B1, IPC: B60K 7/00, 17/14, publ. 11/20/2002.

6. EP, No. 1214214 B1, IPC: B60K 7/00, 17/04, B60T 1/06, publ. 02/26/2003.

7. EP, No. 1268229 B1, IPC: B60K 17/04, 7/00, F16H 1/22, publ. 10/15/2003.

8. RU, No. 66283 U1, IPC: B60K 7/00, 17/04, 17/14, publ. 09/10/2007.

9. EP, No. 1181178 B1, IPC: B60T 1/06, B60K 17/04, publ. 03/31/2004. (prototype).

Claims (3)

1. Driving drive axle of a vehicle, mainly a tractor, comprising a housing, on the opposite sides of which are mounted housings with wheel planetary gears through rotary axes, coaxially mounted drive motors and brakes in the form of multi-plate clutches, while the rotors of the drive motors are connected to the sun gears of the first planetary steps of said gears, which are connected by means of satellites and carrier to the sun gears of the second steps connected by means of satellites, wheel and crown gears with wheels, multi-plate clutches of brakes are placed between the planetary stages and equipped with friction and pressure plates mounted with the possibility of axial movement respectively on the links of the first planetary stages and in the bodies under the influence of power control mechanisms, characterized in that the drive motors are placed in the case axles, the first planetary gear stages and multi-disc brake clutches are also located in the axle housing between the engines and the rotary axles, the brakes are equipped with They are provided with second multi-plate clutches containing friction and pressure disks and placed on intermediate disks rigidly mounted on the carriers of the first planetary stages, while power brake control mechanisms are placed between the first and second mentioned couplings and are made in the form of pressure flanges coaxially mounted in the axle housing installed with the possibility of rotation, axial movement and interaction with the aforementioned couplings, and fixed disks installed between the pressure flanges with the possibility of inter Actions with the latter, the friction and driven disks of the first clutch are respectively located on the ring gears mounted for rotation on the carriers of the first planetary stages and in the axle case, and the friction and pressure disks of the second clutch are mounted with the possibility of axial movement respectively on the intermediate disks and in the case the bridge. 2. The driven steered bridge according to claim 1, characterized in that on the outer surfaces of the fixed disks of the brake power mechanisms and on the inner surfaces of the pressure flanges facing them along the respective radii, profile holes are made in which spacer balls are placed. 3. The leading steered bridge according to claim 1, characterized in that the drive motors are made in the form of electric or hydraulic motors.

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