RU2351461C2 - Woodworking machine - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: woodworking industry.

SUBSTANCE: woodworking machine is intended for manufacture of parts in residential, social, industrial and other buildings, and may be used in woodworking, construction and other industries. Machine comprises bed plate, support-rotation device, carriage and working tools installed on bed plate guides. Support-rotation device consists of front support-rotary device - front stock, in spindle of which there is faceplate with separatory holes, which is synchronised with hoist fixed on bed plate with cable attached on carriage for its transportation, and back support device - back stock, electric motor of front stock. Carriage with working tools installed on bed plate guides consists of front universal cross beam, in which process equipment is installed, comprising mill shaft, axis of which is at the angle of 13-15° to log axis in horizontal plane, universal mill, electric motor, contour band saw disk, bracket-limiter of band saw, band saw, and second movable back cross beam, in which guides are installed, along which movable milling head is moving on rollers, and milling head consists of universal mill, mill shaft, milling head with replaceable knives, axis of which is located in horizontal plane at the angle of 13-15° to axis of movable milling head transportation, electric motor, reduction gears installed on carriage for displacement of cross beams up and down, and brakes for smooth transportation of carriage in guides.

EFFECT: invention simplifies machine design and increases woodworking quality.

5 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the woodworking industry, in particular to equipment for the manufacture of parts of residential, social, industrial and other buildings, and can be used in woodworking, construction and other industries.

At present, rotary machines for log rounding are known and used abroad (see Kozhevnikov IP, Solovyov AM "Wooden houses and garden houses at the international exhibition" Lesdrevmash-89 ". Overview, M., VNIPIEIlesprom, 1990, No. 4, Woodworking.) The rotary machine contains a bed, a mechanism for feeding the logs in the longitudinal direction, a rotary cutting mechanism for external processing of the logs, rotating relative to the latter, a mechanism for selecting a longitudinal groove, a mechanism for selecting transverse grooves, a power drive, others mechanisms.

, где с - расстояние от оси вращения фрезы до начала режущей кромки, параллельной упомянутой плоскости; b - длина указанной режущей кромки, а люнеты выполнены в виде самоустанавливающихся роликов.A known analogue is a cylindering machine for the manufacture of wooden parts of a log house No. 2040389, 6 В27С 9/04, from 1991.12.09, publ. 1995.07.25, comprising a bed with guides, a carriage with a drive for moving along the guides, cutting units in the form of a profile forming mechanism and a longitudinal groove retrieval mechanism and lunettes, a log clamping mechanism and a longitudinal groove retrieval mechanism, characterized in that the log clamping mechanism is made in in the form of a spindle with a drive of its rotation and headstock, movable in the longitudinal direction, the profile forming mechanism is made in the form of a milling cutter with curly knives, each of which has one of the cutting edges parallel to the plane, passing through the longitudinal axis between the centers of the spindle and headstock and perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the cutter, and the second cutting edge is inclined to the first, and the axis of rotation of the cutter is offset relative to the longitudinal axis by

where c is the distance from the axis of rotation of the cutter to the beginning of the cutting edge parallel to the plane; b is the length of the specified cutting edge, and the lunettes are made in the form of self-aligning rollers.

Disadvantages: design complexity.

Closest to the technical solution we proposed, both in terms of design and function, is a cylinder machine in the USSR author's certificate No. 1052382, class. B27C 9/04, 1982. A well-known cylindering machine for the manufacture of wooden components of a log house contains a frame with guides, a log clamping mechanism, a carriage with a drive, cutting units, in the form of a profile forming mechanism and a longitudinal groove retrieval mechanism, and lunettes. The machine has mechanisms for selecting transverse grooves mounted on the frame by means of frames rotatable from the crank mechanism and made in the form of vertical mills.

The disadvantages of the known machines include the complexity of their design, in particular the rotary mechanism for forming the profile of the product. In addition, the quality of the surface treatment of the product does not always meet modern requirements. The complexity of the design of the rotor mechanism is that it requires a large diameter bearing and a rather complicated drive. Reconfiguring the machine by installing rough and finishing cutters of the profile forming mechanism and the removable lunette sleeve to the required diameter of the processed log creates difficulties in maintenance. A lunette in the form of a replaceable sleeve requires high precision in setting the cutters, otherwise, the gap formed between them and the product leads to vibration of the log, which reduces the quality of processing, and excessive tension creates a large friction force of the wood against the metal. Carried out by rotary machines cutting across the wood fibers does not make it possible to obtain a finished product with a high quality surface.

Effect: simplifying the design of the machine, combined with improving the quality of surface treatment of the manufactured product, reducing the material consumption of the machine, expanding technological capabilities, increasing the speed of obtaining the final part, reducing the amount of waste.

The technical result is achieved due to the fact that the woodworking machine containing the bed, a slewing ring, a carriage with working tools mounted on the bed guides, characterized in that the slewing ring consists of a front slewing ring - a headstock, on a spindle which has a faceplate with dividing holes, synchronized with a winch fixed to the bed with a cable mounted on the carriage for its movement and the rear support device - the tailstock, the headstock electric motor, and the carriage mounted on the guides of the bed with working tools consists of a front universal crosshead, on which technological equipment is installed, including the milling cutter shaft, the axis of which is at an angle of 13-15 ° to the axis of the log in the horizontal plane, the milling cutter universal, an electric motor, a band saw blade, a bracket-limiter for a band saw, a band saw, and a second movable rear crosshead, on which guides are installed along which it moves to a movable milling head consisting of a universal milling cutter, a milling shaft, a milling head with interchangeable knives, the axis of which is located in a horizontal plane at an angle of 13-15 ° to the axis of movement of the moving milling head, electric motor, gearboxes mounted on the carriage to move the traverse up, down and brake for smooth movement of the carriage along the guides.

Simplification of the structure is carried out due to the fact that on the guides of the inventive woodworking machine bed, unlike analogues, one movable carriage is installed, which is equipped with two movable traverses: the front universal traverse and the second movable rear traverse.

On the front universal traverse there is a platform - a metal sheet welded to the traverse, on which the engine can be installed along the axis of the traverse. Under this electric motor, a milling cutter shaft is attached to the front universal crosshead, on which it is possible to install various interchangeable tools - one or several circular saws for sawing chopping blocks up to 150 mm thick on an edged board and trimming unedged boards, shaped cutters and cutter packs to obtain a profiled beam and shaped pagonage, universal milling head for planing and thicknessing. When the electric motor is rotated 180 ° to the side of the movable rear crosshead, it is possible to install band saw disks and brackets for the limiters of the blade for using the carriage as a band saw. On the second movable rear traverse, it is possible to mount circular saws up to 250 mm on the milling shaft of the milling cutter, shaped milling cutters and mill packages for manufacturing the transverse fastening element of the profiled beam and shaped pagonage. Thus, due to the presence of one universal carriage with the possibility of installing multiple technological attachments, a simplification of the design is achieved, combined with an increase in the quality of surface treatment of the manufactured product, and the expansion of technological capabilities.

The inventive woodworking machine allows for minor changes or hinges of additional technological units, interchangeable tools: one or more circular saws, shaped milling cutters and packs of milling cutters, a universal milling head, band saw blades and brackets-limiters tape for using the carriage as a tape sawmill number of technological operations in woodworking: logs logging, manufacturing a heat groove and a cup, manufacturing a profile beam , Shaped moldings, wood cutting circular saws tape. When rounding the logs with one widespread and easily accessible standardized tool - a milling cutter, without reconfiguration, due to the presence of carbide tipped cutters, it allows to process a larger volume of wood on the inventive machine without sharpening than the use of shaped knives made of steel of lower hardness. Moreover, the sharpening of the cutting edges allows you to do without special grinding equipment and is carried out with a conventional diamond wheel, which allows to increase the speed of obtaining the final part, together with a decrease in labor and energy consumption by 2 times, even compared to highly specialized machines.

The expansion of technological capabilities is carried out through the use of two traverses on the carriage. Improving the quality of the part is carried out due to the fact that the logs are cylindrical and finished during its rotation and at the same time the carriage moves with roughing and finishing milling tools along the log. Obtaining a longitudinal element - a thermal groove for securing logs is carried out on a fixed log: the main spindle drive and carriage feed are turned off by changing the vertical position of the beam with a milling tool, and obtaining a flat face and manufacturing transverse elements of log mounting is carried out by a universal milling head on the second beam to obtain a flat face and in order to save wood, the cutter can be replaced with a circular saw, which will allow you to get a blank for the manufacture of blades to-House. The use of the second traverse allows for cutting any number and at any place of the transverse fastening elements of the logs - cups on a rounded log only once to expose a rounded log with a thermal groove. In addition, a rotary support device is mounted on the bed, consisting of a front support device - a front headstock, synchronized with a winch with a cable mounted on the frame, mounted on the carriage for its movement and a rear support device - rear headstock for mounting and rotation of a log, front electric motor headstock and differing from analogues in that the shaft of the front support device - the headstock is equipped with a faceplate with dividing holes that allow fixing the workpiece at certain angles for obtaining polyhedra in the manufacture of mechanical parquet blanks, which is 2.5 times superior in the ability to abrasion due to ordinary parquet wood properties, since hardness and abrasion resistance across the fibers is higher than along. On the faceplate, it is possible to install a turning chuck for processing workpieces of small diameter and length. Thus, due to the improvement of the slewing ring device, namely, the availability of a new faceplate part with dividing holes, the expansion of technological capabilities is achieved.

The absence of a metal-intensive and continuous bed in the inventive machine, in contrast to analogues, leads to a decrease in material consumption and cost.

The inventive machine, unlike analogues, allows the efficient use of wood without preliminary selection due to the fact that it is possible to install a band saw and a cutter that can remove a large layer of wood in one pass. For this operation, the enterprise requires a calibration machine or the wood is pre-selected, i.e. time for wood processing increases, wood material is used inefficiently.

The inventive machine allows you to process curved trunks and trunks with knots due to the fact that it is possible to install a band saw on the front universal cross beam, which removes excess wood for further processing, and a cylinder mill installed after removing the band saw on the front universal cross beam, allows you to remove the layer of wood up to half its radius.

Installing the milling shaft on a movable carriage, the horizontal axis of which is at an angle of 13-15 ° to the horizontal axis of the log, allows you to install standard rectangular disk milling cutters on it, with the help of which various technological operations are performed: cylindering, manufacturing of the longitudinal log fastening element, profiling of the beam ( 2 and 3).

The installation of the milling shaft on the second movable rear traverse, the axis of which in the horizontal plane is at an angle of 13-15 ° to the axis of movement of the movable milling head, with which the transverse fastening element and finishing the surface of the log are performed, has expanded the technological capabilities of the woodworking machine - to him, only once fixing the log, when changing the nodes of different technological operations of woodworking.

Reducing the volume of waste is achieved through the use of a band saw on the inventive machine to remove a large excess layer of wood before cylindering, which is subsequently processed on the same machine into profile piling or billet board.

The scientific and technical analysis of the proposal and the level of technology indicates that the proposed technical solution for a specialist does not follow explicitly from the prior art, while the features set forth in the aggregate are interconnected, are causally related to the expected result, and are necessary and sufficient to receive it. All this indicates that the proposal has an inventive step.

A comparative analysis of the proposed solution with the prototype allows us to conclude that the claimed device differs from the known analogues by simplifying the design of the machine, combined with improving the quality of surface treatment of the manufactured product, reducing the material consumption of the machine, expanding technological capabilities, increasing the speed of obtaining the final part, and reducing the amount of waste. Comparative analysis with the prototype allows us to conclude that the claimed device meets the criterion of "novelty."

Figure 1 shows a cylindering machine, a General side view;

Figure 2 shows the location of the mill forming the outer profile and the selection of the longitudinal groove (top view), the location of the finishing mill and the mill forming the transverse element of the logs;

Figure 3 shows the front universal crosshead with a package of cutters for the manufacture of profile beams;

Figure 4 shows the position of the guides of the transverse milling head in the manufacture of transverse elements of the fastening of logs at angles;

Figure 5 shows the front universal crosshead with band saw blades when using the machine as a band saw.

The woodworking machine comprises a bed 2, on which a slewing ring is mounted, consisting of a front support device - a headstock 1 with a faceplate with dividing holes 22, synchronized with a winch 13 mounted on the bed with a cable 14 mounted on the carriage 3 for its movement, and rear support device - the tailstock 11 for mounting and rotation of the log 12, the motor of the headstock 19. On the guides 9 of the frame 2 is mounted a movable carriage 3 with technological equipment, including a shaft f Cutter 4, the axis of which is at an angle of 13-15 ° to the axis of the log in the horizontal plane, milling cutter 6, electric motor 7, band saw blade 23, bracket-stop band saw 24, band saw 25 mounted on the front universal cross beam 5 for removal a large layer of wood before cylindering and the formation of a longitudinal element for the connection of logs-billets - a thermal groove. The carriage 3 is equipped with a second movable rear traverse 10 with equipment fixed on it: a movable milling head 18, consisting of a universal milling cutter 6, a milling cutter shaft 4, a milling head 8 with replaceable knives, the axis of which is located in a horizontal plane at an angle of 13-15 ° to the axis moving the movable milling head 18, the motor 16, gears 15 are installed on the carriage 3 for moving the traverse 5, 10 up, down, the brake 17 for smoothly moving the carriage 3 along the guides 9. The movable milling head 18 is equipped with a role kami 21 to move along the guides 20.

The machine operates as follows.

Before each treatment cycle, the carriage 3 is set to the right extreme position. If it is necessary to remove a large layer of excess wood, the band saw disks 23, the band saw stop brackets 24, and also the band saw 25, using the machine as a band saw, receive a square blank for further processing: cylindering or profiling of the workpiece. For cylindering, the log 12 is fixed between the front slewing ring - the front headstock 1 with the faceplate with dividing holes 22 and the back support device - the tailstock 11, after turning on the electric motor 19 for the required number of revolutions, the winch 13 winds the cable 14 onto its drum and pulls the carriage 3 along the guides 9 to the left towards the front slewing device - the headstock 1, the log 12 begins to rotate. The motors 7 and 16 are turned on. The cutting-edge reducer 15 of the front universal crosshead 5 sets the cutting edge of the universal cutter 6, mounted on the shaft 4 to the required machining diameter with a margin of 2-5 mm. For finishing the workpiece with the lifting-lowering gear 15, the crosshead 10 sets the cutting edge of the cutter 8 for finishing the workpiece-log. For the manufacture of a longitudinal fastening element - a thermal groove, the rotation of the front support device - the headstock 1 is stopped, the cable 14 is disconnected from the carriage 3 and the front universal beam 5 is lowered by the gearbox 15 to the required width or depth. By moving the carriage 3 from left to right and lowering the front universal crosshead 5, a longitudinal milling element 6 is made with a universal milling cutter 6. After its manufacture, the electric motor 7 is turned off and the crosshead 5 is lifted by the gearbox 15. For the transverse fastening, the carriage 3 is installed in the necessary place for cutting the transverse log fastening element and put on the brake 17, the electric motor 16 is turned on and, lowering the rear crosshead 10 by means of the gearbox 15 and moving the milling head 18 along the guides 20 back and forth, perform the transverse element of the logs. After that, the electric motor 16 is turned off, with the help of a gearbox 15, the rear beam 10 is lifted, the carriage 3 is removed from the brake 17 and moved to its extreme right position, the finished log is released from the slewing device 1, 11.

In addition, the guides 20 on the rear traverse 10 with respect to the axis of the log 12 can be installed at an angle of 30-45 ° to the left - to the right, which allows the transverse fastening elements of the logs to be assembled for hexagonal and octagonal log cabins.

The invention can be used in a limited area of factory equipment in both stationary and mobile versions.

Technical and economic effect

Using the inventive woodworking machine allows to simplify the design of the machine, combined with improving the quality of surface treatment of the manufactured product, reducing the material consumption of the machine, expanding technological capabilities, increasing the speed of obtaining the final part, while reducing labor and energy consumption by 2–3 times, even in comparison with highly specialized machines.

Claims (1)

A woodworking machine containing a bed, a slewing ring, a carriage with working tools installed on the bed guides of the bed, characterized in that the slewing ring consists of a front slewing ring - a headstock, on the spindle of which there is a face plate with dividing holes synchronized with a winch fixed to the bed with a cable mounted on the carriage for its movement, and a rear support device - the tailstock, the headstock electric motor, and installed and with the guides of the bed, the carriage with working tools consists of a front universal crosshead, on which technological equipment is installed, including a milling cutter shaft, the axis of which is at an angle of 13-15 ° to the axis of the log in the horizontal plane, a universal milling cutter, an electric motor, a band saw blade, an arm - a band saw limiter, a band saw, and a second movable rear crosshead, on which guides are installed along which a movable milling head consisting of a universal cutter moves on rollers shaft, milling cutter, milling head with removable knives, the axis of which is located in a horizontal plane at an angle of 13-15 ° to the axis of movement of the movable milling head, electric motor, gearboxes mounted on the carriage to move the traverse up and down, and brakes for smooth movement of the carriage along the guides.

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